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![Page 1: A Stark decelerator for ammonia molecules Ruth Buning Master research project LCVU Amsterdam Supervisor: Rick Bethlem.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070413/5697bff21a28abf838cbbacc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Stark decelerator A Stark decelerator for ammonia for ammonia
moleculesmolecules
Ruth BuningRuth BuningMaster research projectMaster research project
LCVU AmsterdamLCVU AmsterdamSupervisor: Rick BethlemSupervisor: Rick Bethlem
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MotivationMotivation
High resolution spectroscopyHigh resolution spectroscopy Variation of constants of natureVariation of constants of nature
CollisionsCollisions
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MotivationMotivation
High resolution spectroscopyHigh resolution spectroscopy
Proton-electron mass ratio =me/mp
Ammonia,
NH3
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MotivationMotivationVariation of Variation of =m=mee/m/mpp
On a cosmological timescale:On a cosmological timescale:
Compare HCompare H22 spectra of different spectra of different epochs:epochs:
QSO12 Gyr ago
Labtoday
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Reinhold et al, PRL 96 (2006) 151101Ubachs et al, JMS 241 (2007) 155
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In the lab:In the lab:
Compare ‘clocks’Compare ‘clocks’
Sensitivity to mSensitivity to mee/m/mpp
Comparison timeComparison time AccuracyAccuracy
Ammonia NH3
CeasiumCs
MotivationMotivationVariation of Variation of =m=mee/m/mpp
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High resolution High resolution spectroscopyspectroscopy
Transit-time broadeningTransit-time broadening
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Even higher resolution..Even higher resolution.. Fountain, clockFountain, clock
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The Stark deceleratorThe Stark decelerator
How can we produce and detect as How can we produce and detect as much slow NHmuch slow NH33 as possible? as possible?
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Dipole in E fieldDipole in E field
cosF p E
effW p EStark shift:
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Stark shift in ammoniaStark shift in ammonia
Low-field seekers
High-field seekers
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Dipole in E field (2)Dipole in E field (2)
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DecelerationDeceleration
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SetupSetup
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Molecular beamMolecular beam
Pulsed beamPulsed beam Supersonic expansionSupersonic expansion Few % NHFew % NH33 in Xe in Xe Valve coolingValve cooling
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The deceleratorThe decelerator
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Time to switchTime to switch
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Time to switchTime to switch
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DetectionDetection
2+1 REMPI2+1 REMPI
ResonanceResonance
EnhancedEnhanced
MultiMulti
PhotonPhoton
IonizationIonization
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MeasurementsMeasurements
Wavelength scanWavelength scan
TOF (time of flight) scanTOF (time of flight) scan
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SpectrumSpectrum Low field seeking state
Decelerator off
Decelerator at 3 kV
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TOF profileTOF profile
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TOF profileTOF profile
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TOF profileTOF profile
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage Temperature valveTemperature valve Stagnation pressureStagnation pressure
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser power and focusLaser power and focus
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % Temperature valveTemperature valve -50 -50 ooCC Stagnation pressureStagnation pressure 0.5 bar0.5 bar
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser power and focusLaser power and focus ~15 mJ/p~15 mJ/p
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Slow ammonia (1)Slow ammonia (1)
100 m/s
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Slow ammonia (2)Slow ammonia (2)
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ConclusionsConclusions Stark decelerator operationalStark decelerator operational Down to 25 m/sDown to 25 m/s AdaptationsAdaptations
Differential pumpingDifferential pumping FocusingFocusing
-> Molecular fountain-> Molecular fountain
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FountainFountain
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OutlineOutline
Why decelerate?Why decelerate? Why ammonia?Why ammonia?
Neutral polar molecules in E fieldsNeutral polar molecules in E fields
The machineThe machine
Slow ammoniaSlow ammonia
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % TemperatureTemperature Backing pressureBacking pressure Valve openingValve opening
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser powerLaser power Laser focusLaser focus
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % TemperatureTemperature -50 -50 ooCC Backing pressureBacking pressure Valve openingValve opening
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser powerLaser power Laser focusLaser focus
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % TemperatureTemperature -50 -50 ooCC Backing pressureBacking pressure Valve openingValve opening
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser powerLaser power Laser focusLaser focus
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Backing pressureBacking pressure
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ClustersClusters
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % TemperatureTemperature -50 -50 ooCC Backing pressureBacking pressure 0.5 bar0.5 bar Valve openingValve opening
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser powerLaser power Laser focusLaser focus
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Valve openingValve opening
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OptimizationOptimization
Beam qualityBeam quality Ammonia percentageAmmonia percentage 5 %5 % TemperatureTemperature -50 -50 ooCC Backing pressureBacking pressure 0.5 bar0.5 bar Valve openingValve opening
Detection efficiencyDetection efficiency Laser powerLaser power Laser focusLaser focus
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Laser powerLaser power
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Slow ammonia (2)Slow ammonia (2)
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Slow ammonia (2)Slow ammonia (2)
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Slow ammonia (2)Slow ammonia (2)
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Slow ammonia (3)Slow ammonia (3)
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Slow ammonia (3)Slow ammonia (3)
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Slow ammonia (3)Slow ammonia (3)
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Slow ammonia (3)Slow ammonia (3)
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