A Smart Book Accessing System Using RFID and IR in Libraryfor RFID Tag reading. RFID based Library...

A Smart Book Accessing System UsingRFID and IR in Library

Dr.B.T.Geetha1,V.Perumal2,S.Hariharan3, T.Jayakumar4

Associate Professor1,2,U.G.Scholar3,4

Department of ECE,Jeppiaar Maamallan Engineering College1,3,4

Department of CSE,Saveetha Engineering College2

Chennai,[email protected]

May 10, 2018

Abstract

The consumption and reduction in manual work are themain motive of automation. Accessing a book dependingupon the availability by an user is a tedious task. If thereis a system which notify the availability of the book thenthere prevails time consumption and the user opts for analternate book. For the above process to be achieved, thesystem muster the book has to be placed comprise of anIR sensor installed in each rack. The books present at therack comprises of unique information such as title, author ,ISBN code , etc . These IR sensors readily send informationregarding the books to the OPAC(Open Public Access Cat-alogue).When the book has been taken from the smart rack, then a notification regarding the availability of the bookis provided to the system. Each and every book placed inthe book rack comprises of unique information regardingthe book such as title, ISBN code, etc . The IR system

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 118 No. 24 2018ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

is connected along with the OPAC (Online Public AccessCatalogue).When a book has been accessed by an user, theIR sensor senses it and immediately notify the informationto the OPAC. The decrease in the number of book and themissing of the particular book is identified by the IR sensor.Thus there will be a change in the status in the OPAC sys-tem regarding the availability of the book from Available toNot Available. In order to place the books in the rack, thelibrarian should simply show the book to the RFID readerpresent in each shelf where the LED glows indicating theposition of the book on the rack. This kind of approach iseasy and simple and helps to avoid misplacement of books.

Key Words:RFID; OPAC; Smart Rack; Automation;ISBN.

1 Introduction

Radio Frequency Identification System has many applications invarious fields where there requires authentication and identifica-tion. Here we are using RFID technology in the field of librarymanagement system. RFID and other technologies such as NFChas been implemented in this field they comprise of some draw-backs. The main drawback is that the notification of book is notdone by the LMS. Hence in order to overcome it, we are includingthis feature by implementing RFID and IR technology.

2 Literature Survey

2.1 survey paper-1

2.1.1 Introduction

The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sys-tem for Auto Identification and Data collection technology in SmartLibrary Management System is presented in this paper [2]. It allowsidentification of large number of tagged objects like books, usingradio waves. In existing system barcode and token card systemwere used. Barcodes have no read/write capabilities; they do notcontain any added information such as expiry date etc. and it needs

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

line of sight, less security and it also can easily damaged. By usingtoken card system, they are very labor intensive and work processfor the librarians was more. By considering the above demerits inthe existing systems, the proposed Smart RFID system , which isa wireless non-contact system that uses radio frequency to transferdata from a tag attached to an object, for the purpose of automaticidentification and tracking[2]. RFID doesnt need the line of sight,it remove manual book keeping of records, improved utilization ofresources like manpower, infrastructure etc. Also less time con-sumption as line of sight and manual interactions are not neededfor RFID Tag reading. RFID based Library Management systemhelps to allow fast transaction flow for the library and will provideimmediate and long term benefits for library in terms traceabilityand security.

2.1.2 Technology used

The RFID system uses tags which are attached to the books tobe identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called readerssend a signal to the tags and read its response. The readers trans-mit their readings to a computer system running RFID software[2].RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive.An active tag has an on-board battery which transmits its ID signal.A semi passive tag has a small battery on board and is activatedwhen in the presence of a RFID reader. The tag’s information isstored electronically in a non-volatile memory.

2.1.3 Advantages

The burden of the librarians has been drastically reduced. Thesystem basically consists of a computer interfaced with a RFIDreader, plus special software for personal identification, book andother media handling and circulation. After identifying the userwith a library ID card, a RFID card- containing the users detailand their ID After choosing check-out, the patron puts the book(s)in front of the RFID reader and the display will show the book title,author name and its ID number& displays the date before whichthe book is to be returned. Shelf management includes locating andidentifying items on the shelves. The Book Drops can be locatedanywhere, within or outside the library. This offers unprecedented

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flexibility and convenience of returning library items at any time ofthe day, even when the library is closed. Patron has to place thebook on the trays available for book drop. The reader reads thetags and acknowledges the patron of the successful return.

2.1.4 Drawbacks

The disadvantage of this system is radius of influence of the systemstraceability. Moreover in this system status of the book inside thelibrary that is, whether it is used by any user is not identified.

2.1.5 Result

RFID implementation in libraries has been discussed. The wholesystem was designed to overcome the disadvantages of barcode sys-tems and thus demonstrated.

2.2 survey paper-2

2.2.1 Introduction

Library automation is vital resource between students and teachers.Here the library automation implement is without Robotics. Thetechnology which is used here is based upon NFC system and RFIDsystem [3]. Which means the person having NFC band can onlyable to access library .Hence it is fully secured system. Until nowLibrary automation was done with the help of Robotics. Here thesystem has been implemented with RF and NFC system.


The users are instructed to wear a wearable unit. The wearableunit is like a band. So the NFC reader will read the NFC tag anddoor will be open. Now the user will move towards the shelf for thebook and while taking book from the rack, we are having bookswith tag so that band (wearable unit) can read the tag by NFCreader [3]. At the exit, the reader will read the NFC (wearable unitwhich having stored data) that person having with him. The NFCreader reads the data from the NFC tag and sends the informationto the microcontroller. Radio frequency identification technology is

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used to transfer data. A radio-frequency identification system usestags, which is placed to the objects to be identified which will sendthe data to the PC then the exit door will open [3].

2.2.3 Advantages

This proposed method can provide a safe and secured Smart Librarysystem. By using this technique NFC based automated library itsolves the problem of manual process. The range of NFC systemused for smart library is about 30m.

2.2.4 Drawbacks

The NFC tags are costlier and implementing for the whole systemwill slightly expensive. The NFC technologies are prone to securitythreat from viruses and malwares.

2.2.5 Result

This paper on SMART LIBRARY USING NFC provides improvedand efficient system. Making it wireless makes it more reliable.This proposed method can provide a safe, secure and efficient wayof Smart Library system. By using this technique NFC based au-tomated library; it solves the problem of manual process. This newtechnology gives solution and this research work will make a greatchange in library system. At the most, we can ensure that theproject is totally reliable. It making the library system reliable.The data of each book and student will be saved and there is nochance of losing books from library.

Figure 1.Block diagram

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2.3 survey paper-3

2.3.1 Introduction

The Internet of Things has scope in all the fields right from smarthomes to critical medical examinations. Though RFID based li-brary management system has emerged successfully in the recentpast, it has its own limitations. The disadvantage present in thecurrent library system is that RFID technology finds its applicationonly in the issuing and returning part of the library system. Thepresent system does not provide any assistance to the user to trackthe book right to its rack [4]. Hence in this paper, we propose anIoT based Smart Library system which provides the assistance offetching a book from its place with the guidance of an IoT based in-terconnected system using a Wi-Fi based Local Positioning System(LPS) and Near Field Communication (NFC) tags [4].


In this paper, we propose an IoT based Smart Library system whichprovides the ease of fetching a book from its place with the assis-tance of an IoT based interconnected system using a Wi-Fi basedLocal Positioning System (LPS) and Near Field Communication(NFC) tags [4]. In our proposed system, the user details can be gotfrom the NFC in the users smartphone

2.3.3 Advantages

The main focus of this work is to efficiently and effectively help theuser and the librarian. This work differs from its predecessors ina way that it helps the user to locate the books through a localpositioning system. Also it provides the user an easier access tothe library catalogue and the issue and return of books throughsmartphone. The proposed system would successfully locate thebook without taxing the patience of the user.

2.3.4 Drawbacks

The system which is to be proposed for the Library ManagementSystem must be independent of the external data connection sincethis proposed comprises of the internet of things technology it is said

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to be provided with the data connection which will be prone to se-curity threats, viruses, malwares, etc. In case of natural calamitiesexternal connection will be disconnected and the Library Manage-ment System will be shut down.

2.3.5 Result

The proposed system would successfully locate the book withouttaxing the patience of the user.

Figure 2a.Block diagram

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Fig 2b. Flow chart

2.4 survey paper-4

2.4.1 Introduction

This paper suggests a method for the library access to go publicthat is the public can also access the library database. The Li-brary Access Application helps the users to access their requiredinformation and queries without computers or the librarians butthrough their android devices which saves their time and energy.The Application retrieves the data stored in the library databasethrough the library server for example checking whether the booksare available in the library or borrowed without intervening anyone

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[5]. Due-date of the borrowed books from a library will be inti-mated by the app as a notification prior to the deadline. Usersare privileged to suggest books for the library and they are notifiedabout their suggestion, by the Librarian [5].


Android is an operating system which runs on a Linux kernel pre-cisely designed for Smart Phones and Tablets. Every Android Oper-ating System uses their own Libraries and also the SQLite Databaseembedded in them [5].So Lite is a Relational Database which is usedto store all the data and they are usually contained in the C Pro-gramming Library. Eclipse is a multi-language integrated develop-ment environment (IDE) which offers a base workspace with exten-sible plug-in systems. Android Software Development Kit (SDK)consists of a set of development tools which include Libraries, De-bugger, Emulator, Tutorials, Documentation and Sample Codes[5].Eclipse and NetBeans supports the android application devel-opment via plug-in [5].

2.4.3 Advantages

The main advantage of this system is to make people to easilyaccess their library account in order to check the availability of thebooks in the library. This application in android allows the usersand library administrators to access library access system throughandroid Smart phone instead of computers. The User can suggestto the Librarian if the desired book is unavailable in the Library.Android Device such as Tablets, phones can be used instead ofComputers which saves capital investment.

2.4.4 Drawbacks

Library Administrator should manually update the Details of theBooks. Only the Android Users can use the Library Access Appli-cation. Bar code scanner facility is not provided which can be usedby the librarian in order to borrow the books. In order to improvethe efficiency of data processing, cloud messaging can be used.

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2.4.5 Result

In this paper we have presented a Library Access System Applica-tion, developed for Android using SQLite Database. The main aimof the application is to make people to easily access their libraryaccount in order to check the availability of the books in the library.The Library Access System Application saves Users estimable timeby making complete procedure online. The problem of data storageis solved by storing them in popular open source SQLite database

2.5 survey paper-5

2.5.1 Introduction

Web based library management prevail useful experience to the stu-dents. The server has the main role of providing accurate results toa students query. The situation aware environment paved the wayfor web services to provide modified services to students searchingexperience [6]. The main objective of this system is to provide thebest knowledgeable environment which prefers the system to adaptits behavior based upon the context [6]. Through this proposedsystem, it tackles the challenges of context aware web services andstudents can query the book details in library website, and thenreceives the relevant details on the smart phone.


The server provides accurate results to a students query. For thispurpose, RFID technology and Rule-based decision technique isproposed for student identification and sending information to thestudents smart phone [6]. LPC2148 processor is used for data pro-cessing and serial communication [6]. For retrieval of expected bookdetails in library at anytime and anywhere inside the library us-ing a handheld device through internet is done thus incorporatingUbiquitous computing technique in smart environment and gettinginformation in real time based on the users situation, environmentand location in the library providing context aware web services tosave time of students [6].

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2.5.3 Advantages

The proposed system reduce the burden of students in the academicinstitution for physical searching of book/articles/magazines in thelibrary. The student gets the updated information of the librarydata without any guidance only by smart phone in a smart librarymanagement system by means of Rule based technique and RFIDtechnology

2.5.4 Drawbacks

Identification technique is not available for student entry/exit inthe library by using these technologies for authentication purpose.

2.5.5 Result

This approach elaborates the accessing of product details by theway of the mobile reader. The customer finds the details in mobilereader about the surrounding situation with respect to user queries.But the difficulty is that mobile should have the capability to sup-port the tag reader for knowing the details. To overcome this, webbased retrieval of a books information placed in a library in realtime without individual involvement via smart phone is proposed.

Figure 3.Block diagram

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3 Proposed System

The proposed has been designed in order to overcome the drawbackscomprised in the above system. Our proposed system helps to aidboth the user and the librarian. It helps to reduce the manual workof the librarian and it provides time consumption to the user.

In this proposed system there is a presence of IR sensor on eachrack where the book has to be placed. The IR sensor provides no-tification regarding the books present in the racks. When a bookis present in the rack, then a notification is sent to the microcon-troller that the book has been present in the rack and a notificationis sent to the system as the book is in the state of available to theuser. When the book has been taken from the rack then the IRsensor senses it and sends the status to microcontroller where theinformation is updated to the computer as ”Not Available”.

Regarding the placing of the books, a RFID reader is placed ateach shelf of the section. Each and every book present in the rackcomprise of RFID card or tag. At the time of arranging the bookson the rack the librarian should simply show the book towards theRFID reader. Then the respective LED present at edge of the shelfblinks which indicates the position of the book in that particularrack. If the book is not placed at the particular place at a particulartime then the buzzer buzzes to alert the librarian.

Figure 4. Block Diagram of Proposed System

3.1 Technology used

The technology which has been used here comprises of a micro-controller interfaced along with IR sensor, RFID reader and tags

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which gives constant notification to the OPAC for which it has beenconnected. The IR sensor is installed at each rack where the bookwill be placed. When a book is placed at the respective positiona notification regarding the book is provided to the OPAC. Hencethe availability of the books can be easily tracked. While placingthe book by the librarian in its respective place, the librarian sim-ply has to show the book to the RFID reader. The LED whichhas been placed in the position of the book will glow indicating theposition of the book. If the book is misplaced or not kept within aparticular time then a buzzer starts to buzz alerting the librarian.

4 Results

Figure 5 Simulation Image 1


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5 Conclusions

In conclusion the proposed system provides the necessary featuresfor the Library Management System and serves as a secured sys-tem. Accessing of book has been made simpler, efficient and se-cured by the proposed system. Manual work can be reduced bymeans of automation. Library also has fallen in to this category ofautomation. The system which comprise of RFID technology andNFC technologies are considered to be costlier and implementingon larger scale. Here we have implemented the system by meansof using Arduino microcontroller. In order to implement in largerscale microcontrollers with high number of input and output pins.In order to overcome the misplacement of books, RFID reader hasbeen placed in each shelf of the section which will indicate the po-sition by means of the LEDs placed at each books position. Hencethis system is highly useful and efficient.

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