A Small Field of View Camera for Hybrid Gamma and Optical … · 2019. 6. 12. · A Hybrid Camera...
Transcript of A Small Field of View Camera for Hybrid Gamma and Optical … · 2019. 6. 12. · A Hybrid Camera...
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John E Lees
Space Research Centre University of Leicester
1 December 2014
A Small Field of View Camera for Hybrid Gamma and Optical Imaging
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X-ray Astronomy Satellite
Chandra
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Cat’s Eye Nebula
Left: X-ray image from Chandra. Right: composite images from Chandra and Hubble. Scale 30 arcsec a side.
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UoL Space Research Centre Technologies and Expertise
Optical, UV, X-rays, gamma rays
Charge Coupled Devices: CCD
XMM-Newton: EPIC
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The Challenge
• Interventional imaging techniques
• New technologies to meet this challenge
• Better diagnosis and treatment outcomes for patients
• Reduce the mortality rate of cancer
• Improve patient management
• Reduce cost of treatment
Major cancers worldwide incidence deaths worldwide Breast cancer 1,383,000 300,000 – 400,000 Pancreatic 277,000 266,000
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Gamma Cameras and Probes
A dual head gamma camera A nuclear probe detector
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Static or portable?
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Sentinel Node Detection
RCS New Start Programme 2007-2008: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Training Programme
Regionally run programme aimed at all members of the breast care team.
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Location of the Sentinel Lymph Node
SLN
57Cobalt marker source
move source to superimpose upon SLN activity
injection site
mark projection of SLN
Courtesy of Prof P Ell UCL London
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Hybrid Gamma Camera (HGC) • Combined optical and gamma ray imaging • Scintillator coated CCD • Complementary to “standard” Gamma Camera • High spatial resolution (<1mm) • Energy range 30-160 keV. • International Patents • Hand held potential • Point of care testing
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Design evolution - MGRC
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Compact Gamma Camera
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CsI Scintillator vs Si
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Phantom image
Left: MGRC image of four 99mTc filled holes of the ― hot-spot mini - phantom. Exposure time 1080 seconds. Right: profile
Sub–mm spatial resolution
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Comparison with WBGC
Hot spot Phantom 99mTc
15 mm 15 mm
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Comparison of cameras
Full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the lymphatic vessel phantom gamma images produced by a conventional gamma camera and the CGC
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Lymph node phantom
Distance: 7.13 cm Distance: 5.74 cm
Distance: 4.14 cm Distance: 1.75 cm
• 8 mm hole and three 2 mm holes.
• 10mm and 20mm spacing
• Activity ratio ~ 16:1
A B
C D
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Lymphatic phantom
A B C
A: activity ratio is 1:20. B: activity ratio is 1:50. C: activity ratio is 1:100.
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Contrast to Noise Ratio
Relationship between CNR and varying thicknesses of scattering material
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Thyroid phantoms
• 14MBq 99mTc
• 100 mm distance
Cold spots Hot spot
Hot lobe
Cold lobe
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Thyroid Phantom Time Series
200s 400s 600s 800s 1,000s
1,200s 1,400s 1,600s 1,800s 2,000s
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Modelling
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Modelling
Events in modelled image Events in real image
A 2mm diameter source at a distance of 47mm
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Multi-wavelength approach Man
Optical
X - rays
Gamma rays
Near-Infrared
The Milky Way
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HGC Schematic
Optical camera
Gamma camera
Readout electronics
Imaging display
Patient
Radioisotope
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HGC – in practice
Detector
Collimator
Source
Mirror Camera
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Hybrid Clinical Simulation
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Lymph node phantoms • 0.55mm internal diameter
cannula • Filled with 99mTc having an
activity of 2MBq/cm. • A micro vial containing
60MBq of Tc99m (0.4ml)
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Hybrid gamma-optical
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First Hybrid Clinical Use
• Lymphatic drainage study • 10MBq 99mTc-nanocoll intradermal
injection site (1 hour after injection)
• 9.8MBq 99mTc syringe • 250mm distance • 100s acquisition time
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Patient - Lacrimal drainage
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Hybrid Imaging in surgery
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Stereo imaging
Using two CGCs will offer stereo/3D imaging
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Stereo imaging
Red/Green image of vial. Central one contains a radioactive solution
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Stereo imaging
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Benefits
Combined optical and gamma imaging Point-of-care imaging High spatial resolution Reduction of the cost of diagnosis and
treatment Affordable technology Complementary to existing γ cameras
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Development Goals
• Optimisation of the current HGC
• Testing of the HGC in the clinical environment
• Evaluation of results and design modification.
• CE marking of the HGC
• Pilot trials with clinicians and surgeons
• Next stage – commercial prototype
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More Information John Lees [email protected] http://www.le.ac.uk/physics/bioimaging/ Papers • Bugby, S.L., J.E. Lees, B.S. Bhatia, and A.C. Perkins,
Characterisation of a high resolution small field of view portable gamma camera. Physica Medica, 30 (2014) 331-339.
• J E Lees, DJ Bassford, OE Blake, PE Blackshaw, AC Perkins, A Hybrid Camera for simultaneous imaging of gamma and optical photons, J. Inst. 7 (2012) P06009
• J E Lees, DJ Bassford, OE Blake, PE Blackshaw, AC Perkins, A high resolution Small Field Of View (SFOV) gamma camera: a columnar scintillator coated CCD imager for medical applications, J. Inst. 6 (2011) C12033
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Acknowledgements University of Leicester
S L Bugby, B S Bhatia, L K Jambi, M S Alqahtani and W R McKnight
University Hospitals Nottingham
A C Perkins, A K Ng and PE Blackshaw Leicester Royal Infirmary
Helen Hill and David Monk