A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and...

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A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 J. Gen. Physiol. Vol. 133 No. 5 467–483 13 de julio 2009 http:// einstein.ciencias.uchile .cl

Transcript of A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and...

Page 1: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

A single charged voltage sensor is

capable of gating the Shaker K+ channel

Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,

The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637

J. Gen. Physiol. Vol. 133 No. 5 467–483

13 de julio 2009

http://einstein.ciencias.uchile.cl

Page 2: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Extracelular

Intracelular

Bicapa

Estructura de los canales de K dependientes de voltaje.

S1

S3a

S6

Doyle et al 1998 Science 280:69-77. Jiang et al 2003 Nature 423:33-41.

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S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

Shaker zH(6–46) AKA Shaker zH4 IR = wt

Shaker zH(6–46) R362Q, R365Q, R368N, R371Q = mut

4wt

2wt/2mut

1wt/3mut

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Simulación de canales de potasio del modelo del axón de jibia de Hodgkin y Huxley 1952.HP -140 mV pulso 20 mV, post-pulso -100 mV.

/)()0()()( tennntn )()()( 4

KKKK VVtngNtI

4/44 1)()( tentn

/444 )0()( tentn

Page 6: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

/)()0()()( tennntn ))(()( KKKK VVtngNtI

/1)()( tentn

/)0()( tentn

Simulación de canales de potasio del modelo del axón de jibia de Hodgkin y Huxley 1952.sin elevar n a la 4ª porencia. HP -140 mV pulso 20 mV, post-pulso -100 mV.

Page 7: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Canales de potasio del modelo del axón de jibia de Hodgkin y Huxley 1952.HP -140 mV pulso 20 mV, post-pulso -100 mV.

n4

n4

n

n

4/44 1)()( tentn

/444 )0()( tentn /)0()( tentn

/1)()( tentn

Page 8: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Homotetrameric Shaker R362Q/R365Q/R368N/R371Q is poorly expressed at the plasma membrane of Xenopus oocytes

Fig 1

Canales expresados en oocitos de Xenopus. Cut Open Voltage Clamp. Kin = 120 mM Kout 12 mMImágenes de la fluorescencia de los oocitos con los canales marcados con VENUS. The VENUS tag is a Green Fluorescent Protein isoform. (Nagai et al., 2002 Nat.Biotechnol. 20:87–90.),

Oocyte diameter 1.0-1.2 mm.

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VENUS Shaker IROocyte diameter 1.0-1.2 mm.

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VENUS Shaker R362Q/R365Q/R368N/R371Q

Oocyte diameter 1.0-1.2 mm.

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Comparación wt hometrámero (negro) con 4wt concatámetro (rojo)

Canales expresados en oocitos de Xenopus. Cut Open Oocyte Voltage Camp

Shaker zH4 IR and 4wt are functionally undistinguishable

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Shaker heterotetramers with three neutralized voltage sensors still gate

Page 13: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Shaker heterotetramers with three neutralized voltage sensors still gate

The lines represent the global fit of a simple Boltzmann distribution for 1wt/3mut and Boltzmann distribution taken to the “nth” power for 2wt/2mut and 4wt, all sharing the parameters V1/2 and z.

n

RTVVzFeGG

/)(

max2/11

1

n = 1.00 para 1wt/3mutn = 1.93 para 2wt/2mut n = 4.97 para 4wt

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Simulación de anales de potasio del modelo del axón de jibia de Hodgkin y Huxley 1952.HP -140 mV o -60 mV, pulso 20 mV, post-pulso -100 mV.

HP -140 mV

HP -60 mV

Voltage-dependent K+ channels exhibit a delay for activation which increases when hyperpolarizing prepulses are applied (Cole and Moore, 1960. Biophys. J. 1:1–14 ).

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Reduced delay for activation in the 1wt/3mut

Voltage-dependent K+ channels exhibit a delay for activation (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952. J. Physiol. 116:449–472) which increases when hyperpolarizing prepulses are applied (Cole and Moore, 1960. Biophys. J. 1:1–14 ).

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nteAti /1)(

Las líneas rojas de los primeros 10 ms se pueden describir bien con una función de esta clase

El exponente n de esta ecuación es una medida del número de pasos previos a la apertura del canal.

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nteAti /1)(

Las líneas rojas de los primeros 10 ms se pueden describir bien con una función de esta clase

El exponente n de esta ecuación es una medida del número de pasos previos a la apertura del canal.

Page 18: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

nteAti /1)(

Las líneas rojas de los primeros 10 ms se pueden describir bien con una función de esta clase

El exponente n de esta ecuación es una medida del número de pasos previos a la apertura del canal.

Page 19: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Voltage-dependent K+ channels exhibit a delay for activation (Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952. J. Physiol. 116:449–472) which increases when hyperpolarizing prepulses are applied (Cole and Moore, 1960. Biophys. J. 1:1–14 ).

Reduced delay for activation in the 1wt/3mut

nteAti /1)(

Las líneas rojas de los primeros 10 ms se pueden describir bien con una función de esta clase

El exponente n de esta ecuación es una medida del número de pasos previos a la apertura del canal.

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Scheme 1

Page 21: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Canales de potasio del modelo del axón de jibia de Hodgkin y Huxley 1952.HP -140 mV pulso 20 mV, post-pulso -100 mV.

n4

n4

n

n

4/44 1)()( tentn

/444 )0()( tentn /)0()( tentn

/1)()( tentn

Page 22: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Fig 4

Reposo a Activación Activación a Reposo

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Fig 6Po,max = 0.73 Po,max = 0.67 Po,max = 0.43

Análisis de ruido.

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Fig 7

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Scheme 1

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Table I

-

-

-

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Fig 9

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Inactivación

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-60 a 10 en 10 mV -80 a 30 en 10 mV

-40 a 20 en 10 mV

COOVC.Cut open oocyte voltage clamp. Solución externa Na-MES isotónica. Olcese et al 1997 J. Gen. Physiol. 110:579–589.

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COOVC.Cut open oocyte voltage clamp. Solución externa Na-MES isotónica. Olcese et al 1997 J. Gen. Physiol. 110:579–589.

La inmovilización de las cargas de compuerta y la inactivación lenta tienen el mismo curso temporal.

Curso temporal de la inactivación lenta

Curso temporal de la inactivación lenta (línea delgada) y la inmovilización de cargas ( puntos y línea gruesa)

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Pulsos -70 a 17 mV en pasos de 3 mV Corriente de cola instantánea a -50 mV después de un puso de 15 ms a -1mV, habiendo estado al menos 1 min al holding potential anotado

Inactivación lenta en función del holding potential, estado estacionario

COOVC.Cut open oocyte voltage clamp. Solución externa Na-MES isotónica. Olcese et al 1997 J. Gen. Physiol. 110:579–589.

Page 32: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Crystal structure of open-inactivated KcsA and the molecular basis of the K+ channel gating cycle

Luis G. Cuello, Vishwanath Jogini, D. Marien Cortes, and Eduardo Perozo.

Sneak preprint

Alteración del filtro de selectividad relacionado con la apertura de la compuerta de activación. Base estructural de la inactivación lenta.

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Fig 3

La inactivación lenta tiene le mismo curso temporal para todos los concatámeros pero se corre en el eje del potencial al neutralizar las cargas.

V1/2 mV valencia

4wt -34 5.32wt/2mut -53 2.41wt/3mut -65 1.9

Page 34: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Fig 3

La inactivación lenta tiene le mismo curso temporal para todos los concatámeros.

Este resultado indica que la inactivación lenta resulta del la acción cooperativa de las compuertas de activación. Si una se mueve arrastra las otras.

Si no hubiese cooperatividad, la inactivación de 2wt/2mut y 1wt/3mut debería ser más rápida porque las compuertas mut estaría ya listas para inactivar

Page 35: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

Fig 8

The double mutation T449V-I470C in one wt subunit impairs slow inactivation in 1wt/3mut, but not in 4wt.

These results suggest that subunits bearing a neutral S4 segment were unable to go into the inactivated state by themselves.

Page 36: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.

We sought to determine the contribution of an individual voltage sensor to Shaker’s function.

Concatenated heterotetramers of Shaker zH(6–46) wild type (wt) in combination with a neutral S4 segment Shaker mutant (mut)with stoichiometries 2wt/2mut and 1wt/3mut were studied and compared with the 4wt concatenated homotetramer.

A single charged voltage sensor is sufficient to open Shaker conductance withreduced delay (<1 ms) and at more hyperpolarized voltages compared with 4wt

In addition, the wt-like slow inactivation of 1wt/3mut was almost completely eliminated by mutations T449V-I470C in its single wt subunit, indicating that the subunits bearing a neutral S4 were unable to trigger slow inactivation.

Our results strongly suggest that a neutral S4 segment of Shaker’s subunit is voltage insensitive and its voltage sensor is in the activated position (i.e., ready for pore opening), and provide experimental support to the proposed model of independent voltage sensors with a final, almost voltage-independent concerted step.

Abstract

Page 37: A single charged voltage sensor is capable of gating the Shaker K + channel Dominique G. Gagnon and Francisco Bezanilla Department of Biochemistry and.