A Short Tour of Wi-Fi · • Potential future band due to large bandwidth availability •...
Transcript of A Short Tour of Wi-Fi · • Potential future band due to large bandwidth availability •...
A Short Tour of Wi-Fi
Dr. Srikanth Subramanian, CKO, Nanocell Networks
Wi-Fi overview
802.11 & WiFi
RF bands
WiFiNetwork
type
Technology Evolution
Wi-Fi deployments
Future WiFi
Wi-Fi present in all laptops/APs
Wi-Fi in almost all Phones and
tablets
Wi-Fi's next wave – presence in all CE devices and more
(IOT)
Wi-Fi Traffic trends
Wi-Fi – A Wireless Success Story
Source: Cisco
Significant traffic to come
from non-computing
devices
Wi-Fi Calling
WLANs(Wireless local area networks )
IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi Alliance
Technical specs
• Industry Consortium• Focus on Inter-operability
and certification
Interactions
Popularly known as Wi-Fi
Originally designed to mimic Ethernet
IEEE
Globally reputed organization for technical activities
Driven by applications, regulations and other factors
Standards and Interoperability
2.5 GHz
2.4 GHz
4.9 GHz
5.8 GHz
5.0 GHz
60 GHz
Frequency (GHz)Most popular
Wi-Fi bandGraduallybecoming
mainstream
Used to be Japan
specific
Future band
Wi-Fi Spectrum
Unlicensed band in most developed
markets
Popular Bluetooth
band
More PAN and video centric
than LAN
Sub 1GHz
3.5
GHz
Outdoor/flexible use in some countriesSensor/smart grid
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Define PHY and MAC layers for WLAN operation
Emulate wired LAN (Ethernet)
IEEE 802.11
Web browsing, E-mail, YouTube
TCP/UDP
IP
Remains the same as in wired scenarios
IEEE 802.11
Max. channel bandwidth
22 MHz 20 MHz20 MHz40 MHz
80 MHz (160 MHz optional)
1.8 GHz
802.11b(1999)
802.11a(1999)
802.11g(2003)
802.11n(2009)
802.11ac(2013E)
802.11ad
11 Mbps 54 Mbps 54 Mbps600 Mbps
Upto 7 GbpsUp to
7 Gbps
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz
5 GHz 5 GHz
60 GHz
Max. PHY layer Data rate
Spectrum
Technology DSSS (CCK)
OFDM OFDM MIMO + OFDM
MIMO (SU/MU) + OFDM
Beam forming+SC/OFDM
Wi-Fi Technology Evolution – Rates and Speeds
FHSS/DSSS
22 MHz
2 Mbps
2.4 GHz
802.11(1997)
IEEE Standard
• Backward compatibility is always kept in perspective
802.11ax
OFDMAUpto 10 Gbps
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Wi-Fi Network Types
Infrastructure Network Ad-hoc Networks
802.11 ad-hoc
Wi-Fi Direct
• Used in homes, offices & hotspots
• Used in some gaming devices
Mesh Networks
• Planned for wide-area/large campus deployments; now used for extending coverage in large homes
• Wi-Fi alliance initiative for easy to use peer-to-peer connections
STA 3
Basic Service Set (BSS)
Bridge between
802.11 networks andnon 802.11
networks
All communications on the wireless network are routed
via Access Point (AP)
Most popular type of 802.11 network
used in homes, offices, and hotspots
STA 2
STA 1
Wi-Fi Infrastructure Network
Even a phone can serve as AP
BSSID/SSID are network identifiers
How is your Wi-Fi made?
Analytics
• Give AP boards based on reference design and customized versions
• Cisco• D-Link• Mojo
• Liton• Act-on• Sinao
• Qualcomm • Broadcomm• Marvell
AP OEMs
ODM vendors
Chipsets
AP Evolution Story
Typically 1 antenna, 2.4 GHz radio, multiple Ethernet ports, 802.11b/g
days
Multiple antennas, multiple radios (2.4 and 5 GHz, dual band concurrent radios), multiple Ethernet ports, integrated
cable/DSL/.. For retail markets
Lots of antennas, 3 radio support, sensing/traffic generator plus normal AP
functionality, application layer monitoring features
MP 2
MP 3
MP 1
MP 4
MP = Mesh Point
Forwarding Path
High poweroutdoor MP
Normal Wi-Fi connection
InternetWide area coverage for city-wide and
campus networksCommercially used in large campus
and enterprise deployments
Mesh connectivity for backhaul using Wi-Fi radios
Normal Wi-Fi connection
Wi-Fi Mesh Network
Mesh becoming popular for home
products for better range
Wi-Fi Repeaters and Extenders
Source: Cablelabs
Wi-Fi and IoT
Wi-Fi AP present in homes , hotspot, retail ,enterprise
etc.
Add Wi-Fi/Retro fit
Wi-Fi
People comfortable with
Wi-Fi
Cost effective solutions available
Power not a big issue in some cases
Reliable connection to Internet
Planned Wi-Fi deployments have
good coverage New sub 1GHz solution(Wi-Fi HaLow) announced for
low-power devices
Using Multiple Wireless Technologies for IOT
BLE Radio
Wi-Fi AP
Internet
Sensors
Sensors
Smart Home/Enterprise Gateway
TabletSensors
Phone
BB Interface
• Ability to access server data
• AP vendors including BLE in home / enterprise APs
Thread/Zigbee
Thread/ZigbeeCapable
Thread/ZigbeeCapable
Wi-Fi capable Wi-Fi capable
BLE capable BLE capable
Wi-Fi calling - Motivation?
Internet
PSTNAP
eNB/NB/BTSWi-Fi and cellularradios present
Roaming charges on cellular leads to users using OTT apps (skype/viberover Wi-Fi)
• Lots of voice calls made from indoor locations
• Poor signal in many indoor locations
Cannot use the cellular phone number
Wi-Fi calling
Internet
Core Network
AP
eNB/NB/BTS
• Use of Wi-Fi for calling /receiving using phone credentials (No apps)
Handover to cellular to be taken care
• Any AP which allows access OK
Operator Supported
PSTN
Wi-Fi Competition; LTE in Unlicensed SpectrumWi-Fi Competition; LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum
18
EPC
Unlicensed Spectrum-5GHz Secondary
Cell
Primary Cell
Aggregation of Licensed + Unlicensed
• Control signaling
• User data
• Control signaling• Mobility• User data
Combined use of BW for dataAnchor in the
licensed carrier
LTE and Unlicensed - approachesLTE and Unlicensed - approaches
Wi-Fi Offload LTE-U/LAA/MuLtefireLTE Wi-FI
Aggregation (LWA)
LTE Wi-FIaggregation with
IPSEC(LWIP)
Not a lot of momentum
but some deployments
happening
Lots of interest
from carriers
Wi-Fi camp’s response to LTE-unlicensed approaches
LTE and Wi-Fi together – LWALTE and Wi-Fi together – LWA
20
EPC
R13 covers DL option alone; specifications completed• Carrier grade AP
• Needs interface to communicate with LTE eNB
Licensed Band
Unlicensed Band
Unlicensed Band
Scheduling of Wi-Fi downlink done by LTE
eNBAggregating Wi-Fi and LTE @ radio level
Both co-located and non
co-located cases of eNB and Wi-Fi AP
considered
Star Trek Wi-Fi?
• Potential future band due to large bandwidth availability
• Challenging RF overcome by beamforming
• Cable replacement technology for high
bandwidth aplications
Device 1
Device 2
60 GHz 802.11ad
Future – 802.11ax
• Majority of deployments will evolve towards high density scenarios in the near future..
• To increase the real world throughputachieved by users.
• 2.4 and 5 GHz bands
• To improve power efficiency for the battery powered devices…better IOT
Wi-Fi Big Picture
Home and
Internet access
2.4 & 5 GHz Wi-Fi
Enterprise network access
Interactions with cellular
Peer-to-peer
access
Displays, Set top boxes
Adopt higher
speed Wi-Fi
More usage of
5 GHz Wi-Fi
Smooth interaction with carrier
MBO and OCE
60 GHz Wi-Fi usage ?
Ripe for Innovation; Wi-Fi
Aware
Potential Bluetooth
replacement
Wi-Fi Calling
LWA and LWIP
802.11ax