Integrating Visual Arts By Shelley Durling Integrating Visual Arts.
A SHORT HISTORY OF CINEMATOGRAPHY Grade 7 Visual Arts Unit 2.
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Transcript of A SHORT HISTORY OF CINEMATOGRAPHY Grade 7 Visual Arts Unit 2.
SHADOW PLAYS
Also known as shadow puppetry,
this is an ancient form of
storytelling that uses flat figures
with articulated (movable) parts.
The performance happens behind
a white screen, with a light
projected behind the puppets,
creating a shadowed silhouette of
the puppet. These have been
made from many different
materials such as leather, paper,
wood, etc.
ASIAN SHADOW PUPPETS
Shadow puppetry originated in ancient China, and
spread to Europe during the 18th century because of
the European’s travels to Asia where some of the
puppets were brought back. They were very popular
in Paris France, especially in the Montmartre district.
Shadow puppet plays are still very popular today in
countries like Indonesia. Even though the audience
usually only sees a black and white design, the
puppets are often very colourful. Artists also make
great use of cut out designs to create visually
stunning puppets.Click image for video
A toy that was very popular during Victorian times, this was a disk or card with a
picture on each side attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled
quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to combine into a single
image.
THAUMATROPE
Popular designs were
combinations of bird and bird
cage, a vase with flowers and
usually had a quote or riddle
printed around the edge, with the
response on the opposing side.
A prehistoric thaumatrope was
discovered in France in 2012!Click image for video
A flip book or flick book is
a book with a series of pictures
that vary gradually from one
page to the next, so that when
the pages are turned rapidly, the
pictures appear to be animated.
These are sometimes included
in books in the corner of the
page.
FLIP BOOKS
The first flip book
appeared in September,
1868, when it was
patented by John Barnes
Linnett.
Click image for video
PHENAKISTOSCOPE
In 1831 Dr. Joseph Antoine Plateau (a Belgian
scientist) and Dr. Simon Rittrer constructed a
machine called a phenakitstoscope. This
machine produced an illusion of movement by
using a rotating disk containing small windows.
Behind that disk was another with a sequence of
pictures, so when the disks were rotated, and the
windows lined up it created an animated effect.
Want to learn to make one? Click hereClick image for video
SALLIE GARDNER AT A GALLOP
This was one of the earliest silent films and was originally an experiment by
the photographer Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. He took a consecutive series
of 24 shots of a horse galloping, using cameras set up with trip wire that the
horse would activate as she passed the camera. He wanted to know if all of a
horse’s hooves left the ground when they gallop. Shown in succession, this
eventually led to the development of motion pictures.
Click image for video
GEORGE EASTMAN
In 1889, Eastman – who founded the Eastman Kodak
Company - began manufacturing photo graphic film strips,
or rolls of film, using a nitro-cellulose base (flexible and
plastic). This made film more available to the mainstream
photographer, and also became the basis for the invention
of motion picture film. Before this, early motion picture
experiments, such as Muybridge’s galloping horse were
done using fragile paper roll film.
KINETOSCOPE
In 1889 Thomas Edison
created the kinetoscope, a
machine where only one person
at a time could look into to see a
50 foot length of photograph
film in about 13 seconds. The
pictures on the film were taken
in succession, not unlike using
the sports setting on your digital
camera. Click image for video
VITASCOPE
In 1896 Thomas Armat designed the vitascope
which projected Thomas Edison’s films so many
people could view them at once.
“HUMOROUS PHASES OF FUNNY FACES”
In 1906 J. Stuart Blackton
made the very first animated
film. His method was to
draw comical faces on a
blackboard and film them.
He would stop the film,
erase one face to draw
another, and then film the
newly drawn one.
Click image for video
FIRST CUTOUT ANIMATION
Emile Cohl produced the first paper cutout
animation, “En Route” in 1910.
Click image for video
“GERTIE THE TRAINED DINOSAUR”
In 1914 Winsor McCay
produced a cartoon which
amazingly consisted of
10,000 drawings!
Click image for video
ROTOSCOPE
In 1915 Max Fleisher
patented the rotoscope
process which allowed
live action footage to
be traced. This was
one of the first forms
of cell animation.Click image for video
CEL ANIMATION
Each frame is drawn by hand
on a transparent plastic sheet.
Characters could be easily
animated over the same
background by layering multiple
cells with different parts.
This technique was the
dominant form of animation in
cinema until computer
animation was invented.
FELIX
Created in 1920 by Sullivan
Studios, Felix the Cat was the
most popular character and series
from this period; his silent films
were the first popular cartoons,
big enough to draw a crowd at
the local theaters. He starred in
the Feline Follies as Master Tom,
and was later renamed Felix.
Click image for video
DISNEY
In 1923 Walt and Roy
Disney founded Disney
Brothers Cartoon
Studio. In 1928
Steamboat Willie
became the first
successful sound
animated film, making
Mickey Mouse an
international star.
Click image for video
TECHNICOLOR
This two-strip process using red and
green light filters was first developed
in the 1920s, but was perfected to a 3-
strip process by the 1930s and was
widely used in Hollywood. Before
this, any coloured films were entirely
hand painted on black and white film.
Made in 1932, “Flowers and Trees”
was the first animated film to use the
3-strip Technicolor processClick image for video
SNOW WHITE AND THE SEVEN DWARFS
Created in 1937 by
Walt Disney, it was the
first full-length cel
animated feature film,
and the earliest
animated movie in the
Disney Classics.
Animated trailer Click image for video
SKETCHPAD
In 1963 Ivan
Sutherland developed
Sketchpad, the first
computer animation
program, at
MIT/Lincoln Labs.
TOY STORY
Premiering in 1995, This was the
first full-length computer animated
movie. 27 animators worked on the
film using 400 computer models to
animate the characters. Of all the
characters, Woody was the most
complex as he required 723 motion
controls, including 212 for his face
and 58 for his mouth