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James, W., The Will to Believe, Human Immortality, and Other Essays on Popular Philosophy, New York, 1956.

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(1960, 1961). Malcolm, N., Knowledge and Certainty, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1963. Marcel, Gabriel, Homo Viator, New York, 1962. Marcel, Gabriel, The Philosophy of Existentialism, New York, 1963. Martin, C. B., 'The Perfect Good', in New Essays in Philosophical Theology (ed. by

A. G. N. Flew and A. C. Macintyre), London, 1955. Martin, J. R., 'Another Look at the Doctrine ofVerstehen', British Journal for Philos-

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Nielsen, K., 'Can Faith Validate God-Talk?', Theology Today 20 (1963). Nielsen, K., 'On Fixing the Reference Range of God', Religious Studies 2 (1966). Nielsen, K., 'Wittgensteinian Fideism', Philosophy 43 (1967). Nielsen, K., Contemporary Critiques of Religion, Toronto, 1971. Olson, R. G., An Introduction to Existentialism, New York, 1962. Otto, R., The Idea of the Holy, Oxford, 1923.

247

Penelhum, T., 'Divine Necessity' in The Cosmological Arguments, pp. 143-61, (ed. by D. R. Burill), New York, 1967.

Penelhum, T., Religion and Rationality, New York, 1971. Phillips, D. Z. (ed.), The Concept of Prayer, London, 1965. Phillips, D. Z. (ed.), Religion and Understanding, Oxford, 1967. Phillips, D. Z. (ed.), Faith and Philosophy, New York, 1971. Pico della Mirandola, 'Oration on the Dignity of Man' in The Renaissance Philosophy

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1964. Pike, N., God and Evil, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964. Pike, N., God and Timelessness, London, 1970. Pitcher, G. (ed.), Wittgenstein: The Philosophical Investigations, New York, 1966. Plantinga, A., God and Other Minds, Ithaca, 1967. Plato, Collected Dialogues of Plato (ed. by E. Hamilton and H. Huntington Cairns),

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248 A SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY

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and Religious Belief(ed. by C. Barrett) Oxford, 1966. Ziff, P., Semantic Analysis, Ithaca, 1960.

INDEX

Adams, E. M. 75 Affective attitudes and belief 28-33 Ahern, M. B. 152 Alius 10 Allison, H. E. I, 15 Alston, William 78ff, 168, 196 Anscombe, G. E. M. 98, 153, 195 Aristotle 7, 41, 46f, 50-53, 55, 58,68,70,

73, 113ff, 119f, 227, 229, 238, 241, 243 Aquinas, St. Thomas 22, 35-44, 46f,

50-53, 59, 63, 66f, 74, 85, 99, 102. 109, 112f,l18f, 127, 141,154,156,158,161, 184, 195~ 220, 227-243

-, on miracles 50-53 -, on war 232-237 Augustine, St. 53, 127, 136 Austin, John L. lOff, 41, 77, 164-168,

173, 183, 196 Ayer, A. J. 35f, 88, 102, 144, 148f

Babbage, Charles 50 Bach, J. S. 60 Bacon, Lord 55 Baier, Kurt 145 Barnes, H. E. 66 Barrett, Cyril 196 Barth, Karl 162, 185 Bartley, W. W. 3, 162,219 Beard, Robert W. 185, 188, 190-192,

198 Belief, passim, esp. Chs I, VI, and VII -, belief that / belief in distinction 30f Bell, R. M. 2, 25 Benacerraf, R. 197 Bergmann, G. 82 Berkeley, Bishop 88, 128 Bierman, A. K. 229 Blake, Ralph M. 74 Boas, George 114, 118f Boethius 113, 127, 168, 221 Boole, Mary 50

Bormann, Martin 78 Bourke, Vernon J. 18 Bradley, F. H. 103, 130 Braithwaite, R. 144 Brightman, E. S. 114 Broadbeck, M. 175f Brown, T. P. 44 Buber, M. 44, 85 Burill, D. R. 100

Caesar, Julius 112 Camus, A. 60, 85f. Carnap, R. 21, 103, 154, 161, 170ff,

176f, 197, 221 Carroll, Lewis, on Achilles and the

tortoise 207 Carter, J. C. 74 Cassirer, Ernst 43 Chevalier, Maurice 96 Christ, passim Christianity, passim Church, Alonzo 108 Churchill, Winston 32 Clifford, W. K. 188f, 198 Coburn, R. G. 44 Cohen, L. J. 168f, 196 Cohen, Marshall 243 Connery, John 238 Copleston, F. C. 87, 141, 195, 197 Crombie, I. M. 105, 197 CTA-meaning 79-81, 123, 140, 147,

164-167, 175

Damian, Peter 18 D'Arcy, Thomas Lord 133 Darwin, C. 7, 154 Davidson, Donald 153 De Beauvoir, Simone 86 De Chardin, Teilhard 184f Decision Theory 210, 213f Deism 44

250 FAITH AND THE LIFE OF REASON

Descartes, R. 12, 18, 36, 4lf, 157, 185, 219,221

De Valera, Eamon 233 Diogenes, 208 Dostoevski, F. 132, 135f, 138f Duns Scotus, John Eriugena 18,43 Dwyer, Peter 154-160, 195-197

Edwards, Paul 19, 147-149 Eichmann 78 Einstein, A. 6 Ethics, passim, esp. Chs IV, V, VIII Ethical cognition 69f, 144-147, 107f,

135f,243 Ethical Non-cognitivism 144-147, 20lf,

205,208 Evil 126, 131-141,202-214,224, -, the argument from evil 131-141 Existentialism 24-27,44,201 Explanation 2-7, 54f, 57 -, Justifying explanation 5f, 12, 15f,

19, 21, 28, 45, 6lf, 71, 124f, 141, 152, 161,200,220

Expo-statements 23, 25f, 29, 32, 34f -, definition of 35 -, expohood 25 -, expo-beliefs 29f, 44 -, expo-properties 123, 128, 141 -, expo-questions 19

Faith 1-20, 22, 28, 35f, 57, 161 Falsification chalJenge 1-20; see also

under Flew Feigl M. 175 Feinberg 143 Fideism 4f, 13f, 16, 126, 129, 22lf Findlay, J. N. 100f, 197 First-order principles I, 8 Fitch, F. B. 34f Flew, Anthony Iff, 4, 8, 15,44, 53, 74,

104, 135f, 140, 152, 197 -, falsification chalJenge 1-20 Fodor, S. 168, 196 Forms of life 159, cf. Wittgenstein Foster, Michael 85f, 88, 196f Francesca, Piero della 170 Frege, G. 32, 57, 78,130 Freud 128, 154 Frohlich 170

Galileo 154 Geach, P. T. 18,23,27-34,57,98,118,

195 Gellner 228 Giassen, Peter 145f, 153,243 God, passim -, the nature of God 21-34 -, see also 'voluntarism' and 'evil' -, the existence of God, passim

especialJy Chs II and VII. Godel, Kurt 103 Goodman, Nelson 50f Gooper-statements 23, 25, 33f -, definition of 23 -, 'gooperdom' 26f - 'gooper' conclusions 28f -, 'gooper'-beliefs 29f, 44 -, 'gooper'-predicates 27, 123, 129,

141 Gould, J. A. 229

Haas, 44 Hahn, Hans 103 Hampshire, Stuart 86 Hanson, N. R. 45 Hardon, J. 49, 52, 73f Hare, Peter 202-214,226 Hare, R. M. 1,4,6,8,15,28, 87f,

144f,174 Harrison, Craig 34f, 11 0 Hart, H. L. A. 45f Hartshorne, Charles 34f Hegel 229 Heidegger 65, 85f, 94 Heimbeck, R. S., theology and meaning

30ff Henze, D. F. 197, 226 Herbert, George 89 Hick, John 10, 27f, 98, 197,226 High, D. M. 44 Hilbert, David 103 Hobbes, Thomas 18, 26 HoJland, R. F. 75f Homer 116f Hooker, John 24 Hudson, W. D. 14lf, 148-151, 153, 197 Hughes, G. E. 105f Husserl, Edmund 64f Hypothesis Iff, 9, 15, 54f, 56f, 224

INDEX 251

Hypothetical faith Chs I, VI and VII Hypothetical philosophy 130 Hypothetical theism 25ff, 141, 154, 161f

Illocutionary, perlocutionary and locutionary uses of sentences 165f

Intellectualism 17f Intuitionism 22; see also G. E. Moore,

W. D. Hudson, Is/Ought question I.R.A.231 Is/Ought question Chs V and VI Islam 3,33

James, WilIiam 3, 16f, 20, 184-195, 200f, 210, 213-223; see also 'The will to believe' and 'Decision Theory'

Jesus, passim Job, book of 6,17 Johnson, President Lyndon 234 Judaism 3, 15,21, 27f, 30, 33 'Just war' Ch. VIII Justifying explanation 5f, 12, 19, 21,

28,45, 61f, 71, 124f, 141, 152, 161, 200, 220

Justifying explanation argument 186, 209,124,141,152,200,224

Kant 8, 27, 35, 44, 46, 49, 77, 84, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 137, 208ff, 229, 240

Kaplan, Mordecai 52; The greater Judaism in the making

Katz, Sidney 167, 196 Kellenberger, J. 2f, 8, 15, 18f, 32 Kennedy, Gail 185, 198 Kenny, A. G. N. 198 Kepler, J. 7 Kierkegaard, S. 12, 84f, 94ff, 99, 174,

184,219 King-Farlow, John 20, 74, 196f, 202,

206, 226, 243 Kinsey, Dr 201 Kitely, M. J. 35 Kneale, W. C. 174 Kristeller, P. 0.43

Lawrence, D. H. 83 Leibniz 109, 221 Lesniewski 34f

Lewis, C. I. 34f Liar's paradox 123f Lobachevsky 108 Locke, John 10, 47, 50, 172, 185,229,

242 Logic 21f, 28f, 34, 37f Lunn, Sir Arnold 52f, 56f, 66f, 74;

Lunn's analysis of miracle 82f, 53ff

MacDonald, Margaret 69f, 104, 106ff, 175

McGuiness, B. F. 195 MacIntyre, A. C. 18,44,74, 104, 134,

152 McKenna, Joseph, on the just war

232,242 McPherson, T. M. 18 Madden, E. H. 75, 131-135, 152, 163,

202-214,226 Maimonides, Moses 50, 117ff Malcolm, Norman 13, 19f, 23, 27-34,

45, 75, 108, 196f, 217 Mao Tse Tung 118 Marcel, Gabriel 44, 85, 241 Margolis, Joseph 243 Marx, Karl 60, 154,227,229,231,241,

243,210 Mascall, E. L. 98 Matson, W. I. 198 Matthews, Gareth 34 Maximizing expected utility, Principle

of 196, 200, 202, 210, 213, 214, 215-219,220

-, decision theory 210, 213f Mayo, Bernard 60; Ethics and modern

life Mead, Margaret 201 Meaning 78,163-169; see Ch. II Mellor, D. H. 20 Mill, J. S. 162, 173 Miller, J. F. 1f, 8, 15, 18 Milton, John 173 Miracle, Ch. III; Hume's critique

48-53; Nowell Smith's analysis, 53-57; Aquinas 50-53; Lunn's 53ff

-, psychological interpretation of miracles 58f; 'gerundive' interpretation of miracles 58f; 'extraordinary' criterion 60f.

252 FAITH AND THE LIFE OF REASON

Mirandola, Pico della 26, 43 Mitchell, B. 8, 15,20, 197 Montesquieu, 'the spirit of Nations' 237 Moore, G. E. 47, 68, 77, 84, 100, 104,

105, 129f, 203, 307, 241, 243 Moral arguments 108ff, 210 Murdoch, Iris 85ff, 243 Murray, John Courtney 238

Nagel, Ernst 8 Nagel, Thomas 243 Natural law 235, 236, 240 Natural light of reason 16, 158, 162f, 220

235,242 Natural theology 33; see 'natural light

of reason' Naville, M. 87 Network by degree paradigms 12f Newton, Isaac 49, 75 Nielsen, Kai 19, 98, 126-130, 145, 163,

221f, 226, 243 Nietzsche 243 Non-cognitive analysis, really

deflationary 205 Nowell-Smith, Patrick, on miracles

Ch. III, esp. 53-59

Objectivism 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 Objectivity 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 Ockham 18f Olson, Robert G. 44 Ontological argument 23, 27ff, 35-44;

see also under arguments for the existence of God

Ontological pluralism 130 Orwell, George 237 Other minds, the argument from

analogy 215ff Otto, Rudolf 59,67

Parmenides' 'plenum' 128 Pascal 17, 57, 145, 184f, 187,200,213,

216,221; Pascal's wager 154 Paul, St. 83, 235 Pears, D. F. 196 Peirce, C. S. 185, 188 Penelhum, Terence 99-105, 112 Personal identity 13f Pharisees 154

Phenomenology 3; see also Husser! Phillip, D. Z. 18f, 75, 95-99, 196 Picasso 125 Pike, Nelson 132-136, 152f, 202, 206,

211-214, 326 Pitcher, G. 196 Plantinga, Alvin, 'The Freewill Defence'

35, 152, 215-219, 222f, 226 Plato 18,26, 81, 85, 89, 116f, 131,209,

227, 229, 241 Polo, Marco 174 Popkin, R. H. 4 Popper, Karl 3, 219 Pragmatism 4,7,15; see also W. James

and 'Will to believe' Prior, A. N. 170f Probability 200, 201, 154-198 -, semantic theories of probability

163ff Proportionality 238ff -, 'The retributive-deontological­

isomorphic-proportionality approach' 239

-, 'The teleological-estimative reasoning-sense of proportion approach' 239

Pseudo-Dionysius 43 Ptolemy 7 Putnam, Hilary 75,197

Quine, W. v. O. 3, 7f, 14, 16, 18f, 34, 46, 154, 196f

Quine's scientific holism 7, 16 Quinton, Anthony 174, 197,239

Rainer, A. C. A. 105 Ramsey, F. P. 154, 181, 184, 197f, 226 Randall, J. M., Jr. 43 'Reasonableness' 7f, 10--13, 2If, 45f, 61,

65,81, 141ff, 154, lOOf, 211, 215ff, 227; see also 'will to believe' and 'maxi­mizing expected utility, principle of'

Reeder, J. P. 19 Reference and Sense, 300, 75, 78f Reichenbach, Hans 35 Relativism 159, 201 Religion, passim Resnick, Lawrence 223ff Revelation 33, 56f, 65, 67; see also

INDEX 253

'natural theology' and 'natural light of reason'

Robinson, J. A. 73 Rowe, William L. 218 Rudinow, Joel 222f, 226 Russell, Bertrand 30f, 44, 82, 102ft', 147,

171,181,228 Ryle, Gilbert 77, 79, 129

Sadduccees 154 Salmon, W. C. 35, 44 Santayana 57, 221 Sartre, J. P. 23-27, 33, 43f, 82, 85ft',

137,229 Savage, L. J., on decision theory 186,

197, 213 Scepticism 21, 157, 158, 201, 202, 222f Schlick 67 Schuster, Cynthia 145f, 153, 243 Science If,6f, 13,22, 58f, 67f; see also

Ch. VI Searle, J. R. 142f, 165, 167, 196f Sellars, Wilfrid 174, 197f, 243 Sense and reference 30ft', 75, 78f Shoemaker 217 Sin, see evil Sin, doctrine of origin Ch. VI Skyrins, Brian 226 Slote, Michael A. 218f Smart, J. J. C. 104ft', 197 Smart, Ninian 74, 136fT Socrates 18, 22, 184f, 202, 216 Sophists 201, 202 Spinoza, Baruch 14, 36, 65, 67, 97,

103, 154 Sprague, E. 243 Stevenson, C. 144f Strawson, P. F. 30f, 44, 77, 196 Strong, A. H. 52f, 70 Stroud, Barry 77, 129 Suppes, Patrick 35,

18If, 197 Swartz, R. J. 197

Taylor, P. W. 243

Taylor, Richard 113f Tertullian 174, 221 Theism 22f, 25f, 28f, 3If, 125ft', 131,

133, 136, 139, 158,206,219,224 Theodicy 202, Ch. V Thomas, Dylan 60 Tillich, Paul 64-68, 94-99; on miracles

64-68 Time magazine 125 Tomberlin, J. E. 218 Toulmin, S. 6, 19, 45, 54, 69, 75, 145,

164-184, 197f, 226; on probability 164-184

Ullian, J. S. 19 Urmson, J. 0.21,25,55,82, 172, 175,

196

Vendler, Zeno 44 Vignaux, P. 18 Voluntarism 4ft', 8, 15ft', 18f, 21, 44, 224

Waismann, Friedrich 8, 45, 74 Walker, W. 73 Warnock, G.J. 88 Warnock, Mary 44 Washington, George 233 Weldon, T. D. 84 Wells, Donald Ch. VIII Whitehead, A. N. 105 Will to believe, 154-199, 200 Winch, P. G. 18f, 95, 196 Wisdom, John 17, 45, 128f, 134, 140,

152, 158 Wittgenstein, L. 2, 13,41, 44f, 57, 75,

77, 82, 85, 88, 95f, 99, 103, 150, 154f, 188, 196ft', 217

Wittgensteinian fideism 4f, 13f, 16, 126, 129,22If

Wright, G. H. von 44 WT A 'wisely aimed at truth' 161 WTA-meaning 120ft', 123f, 141, 175, 187 WTA-necessary proposition 124, 161

Zift', P. 167, 196