“A series of indirect conflicts that were defined by two world powers”

The Cold War Period

Fear and ParanoiaCommunism, Red Baiting

ConformitySuburbia

TensionWWIII Nuclear Holocaust

Search for JusticeCivil Rights Movement

Counterculture Space Race/Nuclear Threat

General Themes

United StatesWanted free elections in

Eastern European countries taken over by Germany

Wanted to rebuild war torn countries in Europe to promote stability

Wanted to reunite Germany to ensure stability (happy Germans)

Wanted to maintain control of the eastern European countries as a buffer between them and Germany

Wanted to rebuild it’s own economy by exploiting the resources of Eastern Europe

Wanted to keep Germany divided and weak

A parting of the waysUSSR (United Socialist Soviet Republic)

The Iron Curtain ComethStalin installed

communist governments in the Eastern European countries (Romania, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and

Poland) and they became known as satellite nations

Collectively they were known as the Soviet Bloc and would later Ally with the Soviet Union in the Warsaw Pact to counteract NATO

Definition: To stop the spread of CommunismDomino Theory: If one country fell to

Communism, all the surrounding ones would too

Truman Doctrine: Promised that the US would aid any country threatened by Communism

Marshall Plan: Gave direct economic aid to Western European countries to resist Communism

Containment

The Korean War (1950-Present)Korea:

Japan OccupationSurrendered to Soviets

in the North, Americans in the South

Communist North, Democratic South (Korean curtain at the 38th parallel)

June 1950-North attacks the SouthSouth is dominated and

pleas for help

The United Nations steps in520,000 troops (most American) to help SK

Led by General Douglas MacArthur (Pacific)NK dominates until daring amphibious attack

by MacArthur at InchonDrive up the country until the Chinese border

China steps inChina wanted North Korea to remain

CommunistCounterattack with North Koreans and get it

back to the 38th parallelArmistice-July 1953. Stop fighting, but still at

war

The Korean War (cont’de)

Red Baiting: Government workers conformed rather than be accused of being a communist

McCarthyism: Reckless accusations with little or no evidenceSenator John McCarthy lead hearings to “weed

out” communists from governmentRuined a lot of peoples livesOnce it turned public, nobody liked him

anymore Died three years after starting the hearings

Red Scare Part II

Cold War Presidents: Harry Truman (D)

Hard Line on CommunismKorean War

Fought for Civil RightsExecutive order for

integration of armed forces

Caused Split of Democratic PartyDixiecrats (anti-civil

rights)Attempted Compulsory

Healthcare with his Fair Deal, but was voted down

Upset Republican Candidate Dewey after his

“Give ‘em Hell Harry” Campaign against the “Do Nothing 80th Congress” in

1948

CW Pres: Dwight D Eisenhower (R)Brought Republicans

back to the White House (20 years)

Interstate SystemMiddle of the Road

Conservative w money and Liberal with people

Important Events:Brown v Board of

Education 1954Montgomery Bus

Boycott 1955 Campaign Slogan: I like Ike

North Vietnamese-Communist, South Vietnamese- “Democratic”

Korea look alike: South propped up by USNo UN or Soviet involvement

Brinkmanship: Threat of massive retaliationUS Threatened to nuke North VietnamBack and forth with little progress being made

Tet Offensive: 1968-Military disaster for Communists, but a political victory

Vietnaminization-Removal of US troops to get out of the war

Vietnam War (1955-1975)

Fidel Castro-Communist leader of Cuba from 1959-2008

Bay of Pigs (1961)Remove Fidel Castro from power, Failed

Cuban Missile CrisisKennedy liked having a strong military, but

wanted to avoid warQuarantine: Blockade of Cuba to impose

pressure and cut off Soviets from Cuba

Cuba

CW Pres: John F Kennedy (D)Youngest president

ever electedHad great clashes

with Cuba and Castro

Berlin Wall-1961Hot LineNov. 22nd 1963

Assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald

1960-1963

Space RaceSputnik 1957: Start

of Space RaceWhy were people

afraid of it?Coincides with Arms

RaceCan’t let the other

side gain the upper hand

First SatelliteSputnik-1957Juno 1-1957

First Person In Orbit1961-Yuri Gagarin1962-John Glenn

First to walk on the Moon1969- Neil

ArmstrongNever-Any other

country

CW Pres: Lyndon B Johnson (D)Took over after

Kennedy’s assassination

Escalated the Vietnam War after Gulf of Tonkin

Great Society: War on PovertyMedicare and

MedicaidHUD Economic

Opportunity ActHeadstart

1963-1967

Nuclear presenceBerry Goldwater: Nuke

‘em Lost 1964 election to

Lyndon B. JohnsonPreparation

Bomb SheltersLaunch SitesDuck and Cover

Why didn't it ever happen?Buildup of ArmsMAD-Mutually Assured

Destruction

Baby BoomNeed for educationBuy and Spend, no tomorrow (Consumerism)

SuburbsWhere would you most like to live? Rural,

Urban, Suburban?Interstate Highway System

TV: 90% of American householdsFCC: Regulated TV

GI Bill: Economic aid for veteransBeatniks: Music, drugs, poets

Cold War Society

Rosie the Housewife?Unwilling to return to traditional rolesFeminine Mystique-Helped energize the

women’s right’s movementEarly Rock and Roll

Elvis, Little Richard, “Big Momma” Thorton Revivalism

Billy GrahamSupreme Court

Miranda v. Arizona-Miranda Rights/ Rights of the accused

Cold War Society

Tennessee during the Cold WarSenators Al Gore, Sr.

and Estes Kefauver refused to sign the Southern Manifesto in 1956

Memphis Sun Records: Multiple large artists such as Elvis Presley

WBR, which carries the Grand Ole Opry that was very popular during this time

United front against Racism and Discrimination

Civil Rights Act of 1964: Ended legal segregation

Voting Rights Act of 1965: Ended Jim Crow laws (no poll or literacy test anymore)

Plessy v. Ferguson-?Brown v. Board of Education-Declared

separate but equal unconstitutionalArgued by Thurgood Marshall who was hired

by NAACP

Civil Rights Movement

MLK-Fought for Civil Rights and integration through civil disobedience and peaceful protest, assassinated

Rosa Parks-Montgomery Busing System, inspired the Bus Boycott

Malcolm XNation of Islam-Separate from White SocietyPilgrimage to Mecca-Racial EqualityAssassinated by a member of the Nation of

Islam, Thomas Hagan

Famous Figures and Groups

Black Panthers-Used armed resistance in response to discrimination

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)-College students that helped with Freedom rides and sit-ins

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)-Led my MLK and is credited with helping end discrimination in Montgomery

Famous Groups

Dixiecrats- Group of Democrats against Civil Rights Strom Thurmond (1948)

Bull Conner (Head of Public Safety for Montgomery)Used excessive violence to put down civil rights

protestsSouthern Manifesto of 1956

Declaration of defiance to the desegregation of schools by representatives of Southern States

George WallaceGovernor of Alabama“Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, and

segregation forever!”

Resistance

Richard Nixon (R) Ended the Vietnam

WarOpened up relations

with Communist China

Moon landing 1969Reduced tension w

U.S.S.R with S.A.L.T.strategic arms

limitation talksWatergate

Incriminated and Impeached

Resigned from office1968-1974

Gerald Ford (R)Fought heavy

inflationTried to keep taxes

low and government spending low

1974-1977

Jimmy Carter (D)Created Board of

EducationSALT II Soviet Invasion of

AfghanistanU.S. Embassy

Hostages in Iraq14 month

negotiationBig contributor to

his loss in 1980 election

1978-1981

Ronald Reagan (R)Reaganomics:

Trickle Down EconomicsCut taxes and

government spending

Increased Defense spending

Star Wars: Laser Defense System for Missiles (SDI)

Father of Modern Conservatism 1981-1988

George H.W. Bush (R)Was Reagan’s VPGulf War with Iraq

(Saddam Hussein)Invasion of KuwaitRouted Iraq army in

Operation Desert Storm (100 hour engagement)

Fall of the Soviet UnionChanges by

Gorbachev encouraged people to demand more power

1989-1993

Glasnost and PerestroikaGlasnost-Allowed

freedom of speech and lack of censorship

Perestroika- Restructuring of the soviet Union to allow free elections

Caused a people who were used to being controlled to rebel