A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USA 1 · operculate, planorbid snails Right...
Transcript of A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USA 1 · operculate, planorbid snails Right...
A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
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HirudineaANNELIDALeaches
Isopoda:AsellidaeCRUSTACEASowbugs
TurbellariaPLATYHELMINTHESFlatworms
1 2 3 4
5 6
Odonata: AnisopteraINSECTADragonfly nymphs
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AmphipodaCRUSTACEAScuds
Extensible jaw
Head detail with brush mouth parts
OligochaetaANNELIDAAquatic worms
Odonata: Calopterigidae INSECTABroad-winged damselflies
Odonata: Coenagrionidae INSECTANarrow-winged damselflies
Megaloptera: Coryalidae INSECTAHellgrammites and Fishflies
Megaloptera:Sialidae INSECTAAlderflies
Ephemeroptera:Oligonueridae INSECTATorpedo mayflies
Ephemeroptera :Baetidae and SiphlonuridaeINSECTASwimming mayflies
A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
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TurbellariaPLATYHELMINTHESFlatworms
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•Abdomenterminatesinasingletailfilamentwithsetae(hairs)
•6to8filamentoneachsideofabdomen
•Allthreethoracicsegmentsareschleratized(hardened)
•Gillsarelocatedatthebaseofeachabdominalfilament
•Colorbrownish;dorso-ventrallyflattened
Length:10to28mm
tailfilament
•Softbodied,flatandnon-segmented•Gray,brown,orblack,oftenmottledstripedorspotted.Ventralusuallygray
•Mayhavetwoeyespotsonthedorsalsurface
•Appearancechangesdrasticallywhenpreserved;bodygoesgray,specimencurlsintoa“C”shape
•Specimensarefragileandeasilydestroyedinhandling
•Soft-bodied,manysegments,andelongate
•Nodistinctheadregion•Mayhavebristles,hairsorgillswhenviewedunderthemicroscope
•Beigetoredwhenalive;graywhenpreserved
•Oftencurlintoa“curly-Q”whenpreserved
•Segmentedwormsthataredorso-ventrallyflattened(toptobottom)
•Suckersonbothends,ontheven-tralorbottomside.
•Anteriorsuckersmallorlarge;posteriorsuckeralwayslarge
•Maybesolidbrownorreddish,orbrightlycoloredandpatterned.
•Manyturngrayorcreamwhenpreserved
•Crustaceansrelatedtopillbugs•7pairsoflegsonthorax;posteriorlegslongerthananteriorlegs;graspingclawsonfirstpairoflegs
•Six(6)pairsofappendagesonabdomen;thelastofwhichprojectsposteriorly
•Eyesunstalkedandbodydorso-ventrallyflattened
•Brownishandoftenmottledinlife•Dullcreamcolorwhenpreserved
•Shrimp-likecrustaceans•7pairsoflegsonthethorax;1sttwopairswithgraspingclaws
•Headwithunstalkedeyesandtwopairofantennae
•Bodieslaterallyflattened(fromsidetoside);movealongthesubstrateontheirsides
•White,grayorcreamcoloredwhenpreserved
•Nymphswithstoutruggedbodies;threepairsofjointedlegs;largewelldevelopedeyes
•Mask-likelabium(lowerjaw)thatishingedandoftenfanged
•Olderspecimenswithdistinctivewingpadsonthethorax
•Threetofiveshortpointedstruc-turesattheendoftheabdomen
•Nymphsdifferfromnarrow-wingeddamselfliesby:
•Elongatedfirstsegmentoftheantennae
•Labium(lowerlip)withalarge,diamondshapedcentercleft
•Themiddlegillfilamentisshorterthanthelateralfilaments
•Veinswithinthegillfilamentsarenotapparent
•Nymphswithslenderbodies,threepairsofjointedlegs,andwelldevel-opedeyes
•Mask-likelabium(lowerlip)•Lowerlipisextensibleforcatchingprey
•Distinctwin-padsonthethorax•Threeleaflikegillsattheendoftheabdomen
•Elongateddorso-ventrallyflattened;threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithtwoclaws
•Abdomionalsegments1-8havetwosegmentedlateralfilaments
•Endoflastabdominalsegmenthasfleshy,non-jointedprolegs
•Eachprolegwithadorsalfilamentandtwoclaws(hellgrammites)orasingle,longfilament(alderflies)
•Threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw
•Threetail-likefilamentswithdensefringeoninsideedges
•Onepairofwingpadspresent•Flatgillswithtuftsalongabdomen•Thoraxextremelyhunchedandheadangleslightlybeyondvertical
•Forelegswithdensecomb;mouth-partshairy
•Threepairsofjointedlegseachwithasingleclaw
•Threetail-likefilaments•Onepairofwingpadsapparent•Flattenedgillsalongabdomen•Headverticalwithmouthpartspointingdownward
OligochaetaANNELIDAAquatic worms
2 HirudineaANNELIDALeaches
3 IsopodaCRUSTACEASowbugs
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AmphipodaCRUSTACEAScuds
5 Odonata: AnisopteraINSECTADragonfly nymphs
6 Odonata: Calopterigidae INSECTABroad-winged damselflies
7 Odonata: Coenagrionidae INSECTANarrow-winged damselflies
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Megaloptera: CoryalidaeINSECTAHellgrammites and Fishflies
9 Megaloptera: SialidaeINSECTAAlderflies
10 Ephemeroptera: Oligonueridae INSECTATorpedo mayflies
11 Ephemeroptera: Baetidae and SiphlonuridaeINSECTASwimming mayflies
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A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
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Ephemeroptera: HeptageniidaeINSECTAClinging mayflies
Ephemeroptera: Caenidae and TrichorythidaeINSECTACrawling mayflies
Ephemeroptera:Ephemeridae and Potamanthidae INSECTABurrowing mayflies
Ephemeroptera :BaetiscidaeINSECTAArmored mayflies
Ephemeroptera: INSECTAOther mayflies multiple families
Plecoptera INSECTAStoneflies multiple families
Tricoptera: HydropsychidaeINSECTAHydropsychid caddisflies
Tricoptera: Helicopsychidae INSECTASnail-case caddisflies
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17 18
21 22 23
14 15 16
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19 20
Tricoptera: GlossomatidaeINSECTASaddlecase caddisflies
Tricoptera INSECTAOther caddisfliesmultiple families
Coleoptera: Elmidae and Dryopidae INSECTARiffle beetles
Coleoptera:Elmidae and DryopidaeINSECTARiffle beetles
A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
•Threepairofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw
•1pairofwingpadsapparent•Thoraxdevelopedintoanarmor-likeshieldextendingoverabdomi-nalsegment5
•Caudalfilamentsarerelativelyshortandcoveredwithfinehairs
Ephemeroptera: HeptageniidaeINSECTAClinging mayflies
Ephemeroptera: Caenidae and TrichorythidaeINSECTACrawling mayflies
Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae and PotamanthidaeINSECTABurrowing mayflies
Ephemeroptera: BaetiscidaeINSECTAArmored mayflies
Cleft-footed mayflies:• Similartoswimmingmayflies• Tarsalclawsonforelgbifurcated
(forked)• Ovalgillsonabdominalseg-
ments1-7• Lateralterminalfilamentwithhair
ononeside;centralfilmantwithhaironbothsides
Prong-gilled mayflies:• Gillsonfirstabdominalsegment
narrowandfinger-like• Gillsonsegments2-7variable
inshape• Finehairsoneachsegmentofthe
terminalfilaments
Length:variable:4to16mm
•Coiledcaseintheshapeofasnailshell
•Headprotrudesfromoneend•Extremelysmall(upto8mm)•Lightcoloredandj-shapedlarva
•Caddisflylarvawithcaseresemblingatortiseshell(archedontop,flatonthebottom)
•Headprotrudesfromtheanteriorofthecase;
•endofabdomenprotrudesfromtherearofthecaseIflarvanotattachedtocaseitwillhaveahardeneddorsalplateonthefirstthoracicsegmentandthelastabdominalsegment
•Caddisflylarvalooksuperficiallylikeagruborcatepillarbuttheyhavejointedlegs
•Hardenedheadcapsule;•Fleshyabdomenendinginproleg,oftenwithaclaw
•3pairsofjoinedllegs•buildscasesofsand,orstones,ortwigs
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•Threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw
•Threetail-likefilaments•Onepairofwingpadsapparent•Flattenedgillsonabdomen•Bodyandheaddorsoventrally(toptobottom)flattened
•Largeeyesontopofhead
•Threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw;
•Threetail-likefilaments•Onepairofwingpadsapparent•Gillshiddenunderplate-likeortriangulargillcoversonabdominalsegment2
• (Caution: if gill covers present on segment 3 or 4, then the nymph should be identified as “other mayflies”)
•Threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw
•Threetail-likefilaments•Onepairofwingpadsapparent•Forkedgillsalongabdomen•Apairoftusksprojectingforwardfrommouthpartsandvisiblefromabove
•Bodypalecreamcoloredortanwithbrownandwhitemarkings
•Insectnymphswith3pairsofjointedlegs,eachwithpairedclaws
•2pairsofwingpads(developingwings)presentonthorax
•2cerci(tails)onendofabdomen•Nogillsalongabdomen;somefamilieshavegillsalongthorax
•Caddisflylarvaewithnocase,exceptwhenreadytopupate
•Thoraxwiththreehardenedplates•Featherygillsonventralsideofabdomen
Adults
•Small,slightlyelongate,hardbod-ied,darkcoloredbeetle
•Mayhaveyellowishmarkings•Longlegs,eachwithtwolargeclaws
Larvae
•Darktotantube-shapedlarvaewithleatheryappearance
•Threepairsofjointedlegs,eachwithasingleclaw
•Endofabdomenwithatrapdoor-likeoperculumthatcanclosecoveroveranalgills
Length:4mmto14mm
Length:to8mm
• Length:5to10mm Length:3mmto30mm
13Length:5mmto22mm
14Length:2mmto10mm Length:8mmto32mm
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Ephemeroptera INSECTAOther mayflies
17 Plecoptera INSECTAStoneflies
18 Tricoptera: Hydropsychidae INSECTAHydropsychid caddisflies
19 Tricoptera: Helicopsychidae INSECTASnail-case caddisflies
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Tricoptera:GlossomatidaeINSECTASaddlecase caddisflies
21 Tricoptera INSECTAOther caddisflies
22 Coleoptera:Elmidae and Dryopidae INSECTA
23 Coleoptera:Elmidae and Dryopidae INSECTA
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A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
Gastropoda: mutiple familiesMOLLUSCALeft-handed, right-handed, operculate, planorbid snails
LeftRight
Operculate Planorbid
Larva Pupa
Gastropoda:AncylidaeUnionidae: mussels MOLLUSCALimpets
Limpet
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Coleoptera: Psephenidae INSECTAWater penny
Diptera: Tipulidae INSECTACraneflies
Coleoptera: Gyrinidae INSECTAWhirligig beetles
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Coleoptera: Gyrinidae INSECTAWhirligig beetles
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Diptera:multiple families INSECTAOther flies larva
Diptera: Athericidae INSECTASnipe flieslarva
Diptera: Chironomidae INSECTANon-biting midgess
Diptera: Simuliidae INSECTABlack flies
Diptera: Ceratopogonidae INSECTABiting midges; no-see-umslarva
Diptera: Chironomidae INSECTABloodworm midgeslarva
29 30 31 32
33 34 35 36
A Selection of Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of Illinois, USAOrganized by Illinois RiverWatch Taxa Categories
Produced by Jim Bland. © Photos by Jim Bland [[email protected]].Line drawings and narrative courtesy of Illinois RiverWatch and Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute of Illinois.© Environment, Culture, and Conservation, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605 USA [http://fieldmuseum.org/idtools-chicago] [[email protected]]
version 1. 04/2012
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Planorbid snails:havenospire
Diptera: Athericidae INSECTASnipe flies
33 Diptera:multiple families INSECTAOther flies
34 Gastropoda: mutiple familiesMOLLUSCALeft-handed, right-handed, opercu-late, planorbid snails
35 Gastropoda:AncylidaeUnionidae: mussels MOLLUSCALimpets
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Diptera: Ceratopogonidae INSECTABiting midges; no-see-ums larva
29 Diptera: Chironomidae INSECTABloodworm midges larva
30 Diptera: Chironomidae INSECTANon-biting midgess larva
31 Diptera: Simuliidae INSECTABlack flies larva and pupa
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Coleoptera: Gyrinidae INSECTAWhirligig beetlesadult
25 Coleoptera: Gyrinidae INSECTAWhirligig beetleslarvae
26 Coleoptera: Psephenidae INSECTAWater pennylarvae
27 Diptera: Tipulidae INSECTACraneflieslarvae
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•Soft-bodied,elongateflylarvaewithheadsthatareusuallyretractedintothethorax
•Conspicuousspiraculardiscattheposteriorend.Maybelobedorfringed.
•Mayhavedelicategillsonthelastabdominalsegment
•Colorsmaybebrowntowhite
Adult:•Shiny,black,oval-shapedbeetlewithabdomenprojectingoutbehindthewingcovers
•Eyesdividedsothattheyappeartohavetwopairsofeyes,onelookingupandtheotherlookingdown
Larvae:•Long,slender,palecoloredlarvaewiththreepairsofsegmentedlegs
•Lateralunsegmentedgillfilamentsonabdomen
•Endofabdomenbearstowpairofsickle-shapedhooks
•Oval,extremelydorsoventrally(toptobottom)flattened
•Mouthpartsandthreepairsofjointedlegsonlyvisiblefromventralside
•Fivepairsoffinelybranchedgillsvisibleontheventralside
•Elongateflywithwelldevelopedheadcapsule
•Mostarethinandneedle-likewithnoprolegs.
•Mayhavebristlesorhooksontheposteriorend
•Ifprolegsarepresent,unpairedonthefirstthoracicsegment.
•Specieswithprolegshavelonfconspicuousspinesonthebodysegments
•Soft-bodiedflylarvaewithbulbous,roundedabdomen
•Headwelldeveloped,usuallywithapairoffoldablefansontheanteriorend
•Triangularshapedpupawithcon-spicuousgillsoriginatingfromtheanteriorendofthethorax;foundinawovencocoonattachedtothesubstrate
•Brightredmidgelarvaethatfadetobrownorgraywhenpreservedinalcohol
•Twopairsofventraltubulesonthe8thabdominalsegment
•Hardenedheadcapsule•Worm-likebody
Midges:•Elongated,worm-likeflylarvaewithwelldevelopedhead
•Pairedprolegsonfirstthoracicseg-mentandlastabdominalsegment
•Flylarvaewiththelastabdominalsegmentendingintwolongfringedappendages
•Abdomenwithwelldevelopedprolegs
•Headnotwelldeveloped;mouthpartsareparrallelhooks
•Elongate,cylindrical,andslightlyflattened;anteriorendistapered
•Usuallyelongate,worm-like,softbodiesroundedabdomen
•Nojointedthoraciclegs.Mayhaveunjointedprolegs
•Maybenakedandsmooth,ormayhavetubercles,spines,orscales
•Headmaybewelldevelopedorvestigial.Mouthpartseitheropposedandhookedorparallel
Snails:muscularbodycalledafoot,andashellcoiledintoaspireOperculate snails:withasmallplateontheuppersideofthefoot.Whensnailretractsitsealofftheshell
Limpets:uncoiled,verylowconeshapedshell2to5mm
Freshwater mussels• 2hingedshells• 2.5to30cm• shellhighlyvaraible
Right handed snails:nooperculum,openingoftheshellonobservorsrightwhenthespireispointedupward
Left-handed snails:nooper-culum,openingoftheshellisontheobservorsleftwhenthespireispointedupward