A Risks And Opportunities Framework For Archives 2.0
-
Upload
cetis-university-of-bolton -
Category
Education
-
view
1.947 -
download
2
description
Transcript of A Risks And Opportunities Framework For Archives 2.0
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
A Risks and Opportunities Framework for Archives 2.0Brian KellyUKOLNUniversity of BathBath, UK
UKOLN is supported by:This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat)
Acceptable Use PolicyRecording of this talk, taking photos, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.
Acceptable Use PolicyRecording of this talk, taking photos, discussing the content using email, instant messaging, blogs, SMS, etc. is permitted providing distractions to others is minimised.
Resources bookmarked using 'archives2-2009' tag Resources bookmarked using 'archives2-2009' tag
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/archives2.0-2009/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/events/archives2.0-2009/
Email:[email protected]
Twitter:http://twitter.com/briankelly/
Blog:http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
2
About Me
Brian Kelly:• UK Web Focus• National adviser to UK higher/further education
and cultural heritage sector• Based at UKOLN, University of Bath – national
centre of expertise in digital information management
Areas on interest include:• Best practices for Web 2.0• Web standards• Accessibility• Impact measurement• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
3
About This Talk
• Why Web 2.0 – quick recap• Warning! Dangers Ahead!• Exploring The Dangers:
Concerns from the community Concerns of the techies Concerns of the funding agencies
• Addressing the Concerns: Risk assessment & management Opportunity assessment & management Towards a framework
• Questions
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
4
What We’ve SeenWe’ve seen various examples of use of Web 2.0 in museums, libraries and archives contexts from the National Library of Wales. Wales, including:
• Use of Facebook• Use of YouTube• Use of Google Maps• Use of a community Wiki
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykCAxSqziFYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykCAxSqziFYhttp://www.facebook.com/pages/Aber ...http://www.flickr.com/groups/cymru-wales/http://www.ourwales.org.uk/index.php?...
Examples taken from guest blog post by Paul Bevan on UK Web Focus blog
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
5
Renaissance West Midlands workshop, Feb 2009
Renaissance West Midlands workshop, Feb 2009
MLA East of England workshop, Nov 2008
MLA East of England workshop, Nov 2008
Concerns identified in discussion group sessions at various UKOLN 1-day workshops for the cultural heritage sector
Concerns identified in discussion group sessions at various UKOLN 1-day workshops for the cultural heritage sector
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
6
The Challenges
Challenges
Resources
ExpertiseTime
Money
Understanding
Legal Issues IT Services
Colleagues
Management
Accessibility
Sustainability
Reliability
Culturalissues
Technical Issues
Interoperability
Privacy, DPA, FOI, ..
Council
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
7
Take-up Of New TechnologiesThe Gartner curve
Developers
Rising expectations
Trough of despair
Service plateau
Enterprise softwareLarge budgets…
Early adopters
ChasmFailure to go beyond developers & early adopters (cf Gopher)Need for:
• Advocacy• Listening to users• Addressing concerns• Deployment strategies• …
This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm & reshaping the curve
This talks looks at approaches for avoiding the chasm & reshaping the curve
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
8
The Backlash Is Predictable
When significant new things appear:• Enthusiasts / early adopters predict a
transformation of society• Sceptics outline the limitations & deficiencies
There’s a need to:• Promote the benefits to the wider community
(esp. those willing to try if convinced of benefits)• Be realistic and recognise limitations• Address inappropriate criticisms
Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.
Web 2.0: It’s a silly name. It’s just a marketing term. There are lots of poor Web 2.0 services. There wasn’t a Web 1.0. What follows it?It does have a marketing aspect – and that’s OK. It isn’t formally defined – it describes a pattern of related usage. There will be poor (and good) Web 2.0 services – just like anything else. Any usage will arrive at a follow-up term.
Twitter? Another silly name. Trivial junk. Only for people with nothing better evolves toWe must have a Twitter feed – impact; marketing; audiences; …and then (from the early adopters)It was meant to be fun. It’s been institutionalised, We want it back!
Twitter? Another silly name. Trivial junk. Only for people with nothing better evolves toWe must have a Twitter feed – impact; marketing; audiences; …and then (from the early adopters)It was meant to be fun. It’s been institutionalised, We want it back!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
9
What Do We Mean By ‘Risk’?
“Risk is a concept that denotes the precise probability of specific eventualities”When should we take risks?
• Never• If the probability is low• If the dangers are insignificant• If the context if appropriate
But what if human life is at risk:• In the army• Driving a car• Travelling on the train• …
We can’t ignore the context, the benefits (real and perceived)
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
10
Hitchhiker’s Guide
Douglas Adam’s Hitchhiker’s guide described
“an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea”
and went on to add:
“Many were increasingly of the opinion that they’d all made a big mistake in coming down from the trees in the first place. And some said that even the trees had been a bad move, and that no one should ever have left the oceans.“
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
11
Archivus Raptor:
Terrifying beast, rapidly destroying many of its competitors. However destruction of IT Servitus proved its own undoing. Species in grave danger of becoming extinct following an inability to respond to the rapidly changing climate.
From ‘Archivus Coelacanth’ to ‘Archivus Sapiens’
Archivus Coelancanth:
Rarely spotted in the wild (sometimes found in the depths of the archives). “almost worthless” - species that failed to take risks & evolve.
Archivus Sapiens:
Not as intimidating as its predecessor but has the agility & mental capacity to respond quickly to changing environment
What species of archivist are you?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
12
Beware The IT Fundamentalists
We need to avoid simplistic solutions to the complexities:• Open Standards Fundamentalist: we just need XML• Open Source Fundamentalist: we just need Linux• Vendor Fundamentalist: we must use next version of
our enterprise system (and you must fit in with this)• Accessibility Fundamentalist: we must do WAI
WCAG• User Fundamentalist: must do whatever users want• Legal Fundamentalist: it breaches copyright, …• Ownership Fundamentalist: must own everything we
use• Perfectionist: It doesn't do everything, so we'll do
nothing• Simplistic Developer: I've developed a perfect solution
– I don't care if it doesn't run in the real world• Web 2.0: It’s new; its cool!
IT S
ervi
ces
Co
elac
anth
Organisational culture
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
13
The Librarian FundamentalistsLibrarians who have failed to evolve:
• Think they know better than the user e.g. they don't like people using Google Scholar; they should use Web of Knowledge (who cares that users find it easier to use Google Scholar & finds references they need that way?)
• Think that users should be forced to learn Boolean searching & other formal search techniques because this is good for them (despite Sheffield's study).
• Don't want the users to search for themselves (cf folksonomies) because they won't get it right.
• They still want to classify the entire Web - despite the fact that users don't use their lists of Web links.
• Want services to be perfect before they release them to users. They are uneasy with the concept of 'forever beta' (they don't believe that users have the ability to figure things out themselves and work around the bugs).
Lib
rary
Co
elac
anth
Organisational culture
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
14
Let’s Be Realistic
Ning allows you to set up and manage your own social network. Sounds great, doesn’t it?
But:• Will it have the
momentum to support thriving discussion?
• Might it not just be an automated aggregator of content
Over-hyping expectations
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
15
Let’s Be Realistic
Want to provide a safe social networking environment?
You can with Ning.
But what of the pitfalls?
“Am I bovvered?”
Over-hyping expectations
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
16
Let’s Be Realistic
A UK National Archives Network Ning site is available
It is being used to support discussions such as a follow-up to a topic raised at meeting
But do the concerns about numbers of participants & amount of discussions really matter?
Can you identify success or failure without knowing purpose, investment, …?
Can you identify success or failure without knowing purpose, investment, …?
Over-hyping expectations
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
17
Privacy Concerns
Judge the risks that:• Company will lie or make mistakes• Implications of lies / mistakes
Also remember risks of not engaging with Social Web:• Missed opportunities• Failure to engage in brand management, …
You may have privacy concerns:
• Read the help pages
• Learn how to manage privacy settings
• Choose what you want to share
Privacy
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
18
Accessibility Concerns
Aren’t Social Web services:
• Inaccessible to people with disabilities?
• Break accessibility guidelines (WCAG)
• Leave us liable to be taken to court?
People with disabilities are using Social Web services
People with disabilities are using Social Web servicesPeople with disabilities are using Social Web services – as are disability activists
People with disabilities are using Social Web services – as are disability activists
DDA: Institutions must take ‘reasonable measures’ to ensure PWDs are discriminated against. Is it discriminatory to fail to provide services?
Accessibility
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
19
The Council Firewall
The reality:• Useful Web services do get
blocked• There is dodgy/illegal/
dangerous material on the Web
• It may be simple to have a blanket ban
Suggested approaches:• We can accept certain levels
of risks• More sophisticated
responses are needed• We should share the
approaches we’ve taken
New Internet access policy for childrenFrom December 2008, children will be able to enjoy improved Internet access in all Portsmouth Libraries. The current “Walled Garden” arrangement will be discontinued. The Internet access offered will be similar to that provided in Portsmouth schools but we will also be allowing access to games, Web chat and social networking sites. For further information, please contact …
New Internet access policy for childrenFrom December 2008, children will be able to enjoy improved Internet access in all Portsmouth Libraries. The current “Walled Garden” arrangement will be discontinued. The Internet access offered will be similar to that provided in Portsmouth schools but we will also be allowing access to games, Web chat and social networking sites. For further information, please contact …
Feel free to respond to blog post at <http://blogs.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/2009/02/24/access-to-social-sites-is-blocked/>
Organisational barriers
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
20
Sustainability Concerns
What happens if Archive 2.0 services:• Are unreliable?• Change their terms and conditions (e.g start
charging)?• Become bankrupt
Things to remember:• Services may be unreliable e.g. Twitter• Market pressure is leading to changes to T&C – &
paid-for services may become free (e.g. Friends Reunited)
• Banks may go bankrupt too – but we still use them• Need for risk assessment and risk management
Sustainability
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
21
Interoperability Issues
What happens if Social Web services host your data and:
• You can’t get the data back out?• You only get the unstructured or poor quality data
back out?• You can’t get the comments, annotations, tags
out?
There’s a need to:• Ensure data export capabilities or• Upload data from an alternative managed sources• Understand limitations of data export / import and
make plans around limitations
Interoperability
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
22
Support Issues
I don’t have the time to:• Understand it all• Use the technologies• Embed technologies in
daily working practices• Train my colleagues
Common Craft video clipsCommon Craft video clips
You can:• View them at work• Listen to the podcast on
the Tube• Use them in training
Training & staff development
Note UKOLN’s workshops for cultural heritage sector and briefing documents with CC licences
Note UKOLN’s workshops for cultural heritage sector and briefing documents with CC licences
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
23
Deployment Strategies
I want to do use the Social Web but:
• The IT Services department bans it
• The council bans it• My boss doesn’t
approveArea of interest to UKOLN:
• “Just do it”• Subversive approach –
‘Friends of Foo’ if Foo can’t use it
• Encourage enthusiasts• Don’t get in the way
UKOLN briefing papers available with Creative Commons licence. (over 30 docs published)
UKOLN briefing papers available with Creative Commons licence. (over 30 docs published)
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
24
Deployment Strategies
Interested in using Web 2.0 in your organisation?Worried about corporate inertia, power struggles, etc?There’s a need for a deployment strategy:
• Addressing business needs• Low-hanging fruits• Encouraging the enthusiasts• Gain experience of the browser tools – and see
what you’re missing!• Staff training & development• Address areas you feel comfortable with• Risk and opportunity management strategy• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
25
Risk Management JISC infoNET Risk Management infoKit:
“In education, as in any other environment, you can’t decide not to take risks: that simply isn’t an option in today’s world. All of us take risks and it’s a question of which risks we take”
Examples of people who are likely to be adverse stakeholders:• People who fear loss of their jobs • People who will require re-training • People who may be moved to a different department /
team • People .. required to commit resources to the project • People who fear loss of control over a function or
resources • People who will have to do their job in a different way • People who will have to carry out new or additional
functions • People who will have to use a new technology
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
26
IWMW 2006 & Risk Management IWMW 2006 has taken a risk management approach to its evaluation of Web 2.0 technologies:
• Agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot.• Use of well-established services: Google &
del.icio.us are well-established and have financial security.
• Notification: warnings that services could be lost. • Engagement: with the user community: users actively
engage in the evaluation of the services. • Provision of alternative services: multiple OMPL
tools. • Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings! • Long term experiences of services: usage stats• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.
standard Web server log files.• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds, aggregated
in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
27
Headline in the Guardian, 7 July 2007
The Risks Within The Sector
The Guardian subsequently apologised for errors – the situation wasn’t as bad as reported
This was before the credit crunch and HEFCE’s John Selby warning of “troubled financial times ahead for the educational sector”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
28
Are We Repeating Our Mistakes
In 2000 the threats were the external challenges provided US universities. Today the threats are the external challenges provided by Google, etc.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
29
Headlines For 2010?
“Tories Win General Election”
“Drastic Cuts in Public Sector Funding”
“Market place to have increased role in public sector”
“Review of public sector Web services”
“Digital Lame Ducks condemned”
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
30
Critical Friends
JISC U&I programme is encouraging establishment of “Critical Friends”
See <http://critical-friends.org/>See <http://critical-friends.org/>
Paul Walk (UKOLN) was described as a ‘critical friend’ of JISCSee <http://dev8d.jiscinvolve.org/2009/
02/10/five-minute-interview-paul-walk/>
See <http://dev8d.jiscinvolve.org/2009/02/10/five-minute-interview-paul-walk/>
But is such open debate encouraged in other sectors?
See <https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind0903&L=MCG&T=0&F=&S=&P=19929>
See <https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/webadmin?A2=ind0903&L=MCG&T=0&F=&S=&P=19929>
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
31
Let The Public Know
“The paper sets out to answer this question by way of original research and experimentation on real data sets of museum objects, obtained from a number of UK museums by way of a Freedom of Information request.”
“The paper sets out to answer this question by way of original research and experimentation on real data sets of museum objects, obtained from a number of UK museums by way of a Freedom of Information request.”
Frankie Roberto as a Critical Friend
Social services, communities, etc. are now being used to seek evidence of value-for-money. We need to be able to demonstrate appropriate processes are in place.
Social services, communities, etc. are now being used to seek evidence of value-for-money. We need to be able to demonstrate appropriate processes are in place.
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
32
Biases
Subjective factors
Towards a Framework
“Time To Stop Doing and Start Thinking: A Framework For Exploiting Web 2.0 Services”, Museums & the Web 2009 conference
IntendedPurpose
Benefits (various
stakeholdersRisks
(various stakeholders
Missed Opps. (various
stakeholdersCosts
(various stakeholders
• Sharing experiences
• Learning from successes& failures
• Tackling biases• …
• Critical friends• Application to
existing services
• Application to in-house development
• …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
33
Using The Framework
Use of approach in two scenarios: use of Twitter & Facebook
IntendedPurpose
Benefits (various
stakeholdersRisks
(various stakeholders
Missed Opps. (various
stakeholdersCosts
(various stakeholders
Community support
Rapid feedback
Justify ROIOrg. brand
Community-building
Low?
Twitter for individuals Organisational Fb Page
Marketing events,…
Large audiences
Ownership, privacy, lock-in
Marketing opportunity
Low?
Critical friends:• Paul Walk / Brian
Kelly blog posts)• MCG
discussionsLearning
• UKOLN cultural heritage guest blog post
• Conferences• Papers• …
Note personal biases!Note personal biases!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
34
Use The Framework Yourself
Feel free to you apply framework to:
• Services you’re planning
• Existing services• Large scale
initiatives (e.g. Creative Spaces)
IntendedPurpose
Benefits (various
stakeholdersRisks
(various stakeholders
Missed Opps. (various
stakeholdersCosts
(various stakeholders
What is the purpose? Who are the users?
What are the benefits? To whom?
What are the risks? To whom?
What are the risks of doing nothing?
What are the costs – to developers, to users,…
Remember the biases! Is the service really intended to sustain the service provider?
Remember the need for the critical friend and the need for sharing?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
35
Conclusions
The Web Tech Guy and Angry Staff Person post provides a useful summary for this talk!
Acknowledgments to Michael Edson for this wonderful comic strip