A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTICANCER DRUGS AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL...
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Transcript of A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTICANCER DRUGS AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL...
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PRESCRIBING
PATTERN OF ANTICANCER DRUGS AT THE
KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL DURING THE
PERIOD JANUARY 2014 TO JULY 2014
By Nyamai Beatrice KalekyeU29/35598/2010
Supervisor: Dr. P. M. Njogu
IntroductionCancer is an abnormal mass of tissue with growth that exceeds and is
uncoordinated with that of surrounding tissues.
Prevalence: 7.4 million deaths ≈ 13% of all deaths in 2004 worldwide.
In Kenya: ≈ 7% deaths annually.
Treatment includes a number of interventions such as psychological support,
surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy is the mainstay of cancer treatment.
Justification
Cancer is a growing problem in Kenya with over 82 000 new cases reported annually
in Kenya.
Given that anticancer drugs are expensive, rational use of anticancer agents is important.
Hence, the need of the study.
Patients travel many kilometers to the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), a public hospital
that hosts most of the oncology expertise and technology in Kenya.
Study Objectives
Specific objectives
To document the most common cancers encountered in KNH.
To determine the cancer prevalence among the different genders and age groups.
To determine the drugs commonly used in the treatment of cancer.
Main objective
To evaluate the prescription patterns of anticancer drugs used in the
treatment of cancer out-patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.
Methodology
A retrospective study was done at the Kenyatta National Hospital to determine the common
anticancer drugs prescribed to out-patients at the oncology pharmacy for the time period of
January 2014-July 2014.
Using the sample formula proposed by Cochran, a sample size of 219 patient prescription
sheets were analyzed.
Only patients over the age of 18 attending the Radio- chemotherapy clinic who had
undergone chemotherapy of at least one chemo-cycle were included.
It was the prescribing pattern in the first chemo-plan treatment that were studied.
Permission to carry out the research was sought from the Kenyatta National
Hospital/ University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee before the study
was carried out.
Information acquired treated with utmost confidentiality.
Results and Discussion
The study captured a total of 219 patients.
Age-wise Distribution Percentage of patients
0102030405060708090
Below 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 Above 75 MissingAge
Patient Age
%
MaleFemaleTotal
Prevalence of cancer in KNH out-patient clinic
A total of 44 cancers were observed in the study.
Eighty nine percent of the cases had specified cancers while
only 11% had their cancers unspecified.
Cancer Percentage
Breast cancer 32.9%
Cervical cancer 11.9%
Squamous cell carcinoma 5.9%
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5.5%
Prostate cancer 4.6%
Conclusion
The commonly prescribed anticancer drugs in KNH were alkylating agents and natural products.
There was a strong correlation between the type of cancer and the sex (p=0.00).
The most common cancers in females were breast and cervical cancers, while in males,
prostate and nasopharyngeal cancers were predominant.
The management of cancer in Kenyatta National Hospital is commendable.
Recommendations
There should be great emphasis on prevention through modifiable risk factors.
Public education about cancer and its prevention.
Research using a larger sample size including other hospitals.
Research on use of oral anticancer agents to improve cancer management in the
country may be beneficial as it is already on-going in developed countries.