A quick trip through openness, freedom and transparency
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Transcript of A quick trip through openness, freedom and transparency
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A quick trip through openness, freedom and transparency
Konrad Forstner, Bork Group, EMBL
http://konrad.foerstner.org
September 8th, 2007, Barcelona
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Intro
Disclaimer
Fasten your seat belts! This willbe a rushed journey through alot of topics that have someimportant concepts in common.
It is an introductionary talk:
⇒ just an appetiser⇒ some simplifications
Sometimes techy
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Intro
Starting consensus
We need to agree that
Openness
Freedom
Transparency
are essential for a functional anddemocratic scientific community andfor society in general.
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Open Source Software
What is it?
Open source software is computersoftware that is published under alicense that gives the freedom to use,modify and redistribute it.
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Open Source Software
Closed Source Software:Only the executable program(binary) is available.
Open Source Software:Source code and executableprogram are available.
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Open Source Software
FLOSS/FOSS/OSS licenses
(Free)/(Libre)/Open-Source Software
Make software “free as in freedom, not as infree beer”.
Most important examples:
GNU General Public License (“copyleft”)BSD License
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Open Source Software
Important freedoms that Open Source licenses give
The freedom to use
The freedom to copy
The freedom to make derivatives
The freedom to redistribute(also the modified versions)
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Open Source Software
Advantages
Transparency
Potentially higher quality/security due to peer-review by thecommunity
Independence of vendors
Modification/adaptation to personal needs possible
Reusablity of code ⇒ faster development
Free/low costs ⇒ affordable for everybody
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Open Source Software
Some examples you might be familiar with
Mozilla Firefox (Web browser)
OpenOffice (Office Suite)
GNU/Linux (Operating system)
Gimp (Graphics editor)
Some less obvious examples that you use for sure
Apache (Web server)
BIND (DNS server)
Google (adapted version of GNU/Linux on their servers)
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Open Source Software
Some examples you might be familiar with
Mozilla Firefox (Web browser)
OpenOffice (Office Suite)
GNU/Linux (Operating system)
Gimp (Graphics editor)
Some less obvious examples that you use for sure
Apache (Web server)
BIND (DNS server)
Google (adapted version of GNU/Linux on their servers)
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Creative Commons licenses
What is it?
Creative Commons licenses definethe spectrum of possibilities betweenfull copyright (all rights reserved)and the public domain (no rightsreserved).
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Creative Commons licenses
Why?
The default copyright ( c© all rights reserved) restricts creativityand cultural development in the digital age. Creative Commonslicenses make it easy for creators to define the freedom of theircreations.
Use for ...
Text
Images
Audio
Video
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Creative Commons licenses
Select a license by choosing conditions
Attribution
No derivative works
Non-commercial
Share alike
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Open Access
What is it?
Open Access is a publishing conceptwith immediate, free and unrestrictedonline access to scholarly publications.
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Open Access
Current closed-access scenario
1. Scientist is paid by the public todo research
2. Scientist writes publication andgives all the rights to publisher
3. Other scientists (if they can)buy the publication with publicmoney
⇒ public pays twice and loses rights to the publisher
⇒ access to knowledge is limited to people who can pay for it
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Open Access
Publishing with Open Access
Publishing using an Open Access publisher
Author keeps rights (often a Creative Commons license is used)Different business models: fee or non-fee-based used
Open access self-archiving
In addition to the traditional publication the article is archivedin central repository (e.g. arXiv, Nature Precedings)
⇒ Immediate access to the generated knowledge for everybody
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Open Access
Advantages
No financial hurdles for readers
Higher scientific impact
Author keeps the rights
Computational text analysispossible (necessary due togrowing amount of literature)
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Open Science / Knowledge
Sometime I have the feeling people forget ...
that scientists are payed by thepublic to generate knowledge forthe public.
that delayed/restricted access toresults/data/knowledgehampers scientific progress andmaybe even costs lives.
that “negative” results are alsoresults.
the question if the “paper” isreally the optimal form ofcommunicating science in theinternet age.
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 1: PloS One
An online-only Open Access journal
Pre-publication peer review but notfiltered by scientific relevance (= don’tcare about impact factor)
Users can rate and discuss articlesafter publication
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 2: Science Commons
Aim is “removing unnecessary legaland technical barriers to scientificcollaboration and innovation.”
E.g. The Biological Materials TransferAgreement Project (MTA): lower thecosts of transferring physical biologicalmaterials (DNA, cell lines, modelanimals etc.)
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 3: Wikipedia
... and family: Wikibooks,Wikiversity etc.
An easy way of teaching a broadaudience and communicatescience to the public
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 4: OpenWetWare
“Sharing of information, know-how, andwisdom among researchers and groups whoare working in biology & biologicalengineering.”
Wiki-based platform
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 5: Open Notebook Science
Online version of the classicallab notebook
Making the way of discoveriestransparent
Instant publication of results
Instant feedback from colleagues
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Open Science / Knowledge
Example 6: Wikiscience
Article hosted on a wiki
All versions are stored
Constantly improving
Many contributors
Micropublications
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Open Science / Knowledge
Yes, there are currently problems like
Fear of being scooped as blog/wikicontributions are not officialpublications
or not accepted by journals as alreadypublished in blogs/wikis
No credit system for this kind ofscientific contribution
⇒ Problems are cultural not technical!
⇒ Luckily there are grass root projectswhere people start to play around withthe new concepts.
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Take home messages
The concepts of openness, freedom and transparency canimprove a lot of fields.
Science is one of them and you can help.
LearnTestDiscussSpread the wordQuestion the current status
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to ...
An uncountable amount of people whodiscuss their opinions and ideas online
Bernd Ahlers who ignited my OpenSource fire
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Let’s open it
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Selected references and Image sources/attribution
Reference
http://www.opensource.org
http://creativecommons.org/
http://www.plosone.org/
http://sciencecommons.org/
http://wikipedia.org/
http://openwetware.org
http://www.edge.org/3rd culture/kelly06/kelly06 index.html
Image sources
Seatbelt sign http://flickr.com/photos/davescunningplan/236094576/hanging fishes http://flickr.com/photos/rastafabi/369869352/Shell http://flickr.com/photos/96dpi/501424695/ Freedom http://flickr.com/photos/dazzied/427180864/Shipping containers http://flickr.com/photos/16543356@N00/150898441/Container train http://flickr.com/photos/telstar/163503065/Container trucks on an American highway http://flickr.com/photos/87913776@N00/422603859/i have no idea why that caged bird does a damn thing http://flickr.com/photos/emdot/135529627/Creative Commons Logo http://flickr.com/photos/purzlbaum/239202519/Filters Showcase http://flickr.com/photos/denverjeffrey/300338550/Open Access Logo http://open-access.net/de/austausch/downloads/Hardship in the streets of Varanasi (India) http://flickr.com/photos/ahron/266050467/Tree of Knowledge http://flickr.com/photos/knilram/64366434/Note Book http://flickr.com/photos/prashant zi/289482096/Collaboration http://flickr.com/photos/fncll/145149313/tough grass http://flickr.com/photos/zachk/109921799/Corkscrew http://flickr.com/photos/awrose/121085717/(The other images were created by myself)
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About this document
Created in LATEX using the beamer class, pdfLATEX and emacs.Gimp and Firefox were used to take screen shots of websites.
All these programs run on OpenBSD.
http://www.latex-project.org
http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net
http://www.tug.org/applications/pdftex
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs
http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/firefox/
http://www.gimp.org/
http://www.openbsd.org
Published under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Document version 1.0 2007/08/08