A Quick Illustration of JPEG 2000
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A Quick Illustration of JPEG 2000
Presented by
Kim-Huei LowChun Data Fok
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Overview Introduction Approach Illustration
Annex B-H Comparison with JPEG
Conclusion References Questions
Figure:Picture of Data using
JPEG (75% compression ratio,
15KB)
Figure:Picture of Kim
using J2K (0.5bpp, 3.8KB)
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Introduction JPEG 2000
Drafted by the international JPEG (Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group) and JBIG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) groups.
Replaces traditional JPEG. Focuses on hardware implementation.
Our goal Present a simplified version of the standard. Give new users a grasp of JPEG 2000.
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Approach Follow the same order
as the standard. Explain the
background. Illustrate each feature. Discuss its
applications. List the pros and cons. Will skip Annex A, C
and D. Feature wise, it’s not
important.
Figure: 0.25bpp J2K Image (11KB); Raw Image’s Size is 1MB
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Illustration: Annex B Tile division
Large images can be broken down into smaller pieces, called tiles.
Tiles are processed independently
Figure: Original DWT Figure: Precinct Selection
Figure: Sub-band Selection Figure: Code-block Selection
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Illustration: Annex B Progression Order
Layer or Resolution Progressive
Figure: 1bpp, 0.5bpp, 0.05bpp and 0.01bpp J2K Image with Layer or Resolution Progression.
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Illustration: Annex B Progression Order
Component Progressive
Figure: 1bpp, 0.5bpp, 0.1bpp and 0.01bpp J2K Image with Component Progression.
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Illustration: Annex B Progression Order
Position Progressive
Figure: 1bpp, 0.5bpp and 0.1bpp J2K Image with Position Progression.
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Illustration: Annex E Quantization
Reversible vs Irreversible Target bit rate=0.5 bpp Step size=1
Figure: Reversible Quantization (16KB)
Figure: Irreversible Explicit Quantization (868B)
Figure: Irreversible Implicit Quantization (787B)
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Illustration: Annex E Irreversible Explicit Quantization
Target bit rate=0.5 bpp Different step size
Figure: Step Size 1 (868B) Figure: Step Size 0.1 (11.9KB) Figure: Step Size 0.0078 (16.3KB)
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Illustration: Annex E Irreversible Implicit Quantization
Target bit rate=0.5 bpp Different step size
Figure: Step Size 1 (787B) Figure: Step Size 0.1 (11.7KB) Figure: Step Size 0.0078 (16.3KB)
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Illustration: Annex F Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT)
Reversible = 5x3 filter (lossless compression) Irreversible = 9x7 filter (efficient lossy compression)
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Illustration: Annex F Lossless vs Lossy DWT
Different decomposition level Higher decomposition levels – higher overhead
Figure: Lossless, NL=14 (275KB)
Figure: Lossy, NL=14 (99KB)
Figure: Lossless, NL=3 (274KB)
Figure: Lossy, NL=3 (98KB)
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Illustration: Annex F Discard of high frequency sub-bands
High compression, smaller file size Same quality Amortize decomposition level overhead Optimal/Ideal: Encode up to the last visually
distinguishable low frequency sub-band
Figure: NL=3, 8.3636bpp (274KB)
Figure: NL=14, 0.9948bpp (32.6KB)
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Illustration: Annex G DC Level Shifting
Similar to JPEG New pixel value = Pixel value - 128
Component Decorrelating Transformation Reversible vs Irreversible
Figure: Raw Image; 0.035bpp J2K Image with RCT; 0.035bpp J2K Image with ICT
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Illustration: Annex H Region of Interest (ROI) Encoding
Efficient use of bit rate If bit rate is too low, encoding without ROI may
look better overall
Figure: Raw Image; 0.07bpp J2K Image with ROI; 0.07bpp J2K Image without ROI
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Illustration: Comparison of JPEG 2000 with JPEG 10 test images, 50+ compression ratios PSNR vs File Size
xy
yxfyxg
MNPSNR
|),(),(|
255log10 10
PSNR vs File Size
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000
File Size (bytes)
PS
NR
(d
B)
JPEG
JPEG 2000
Figure: PSNR Curve
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Illustration: Comparison of JPEG 2000 with JPEG Much smaller files Much better quality
Figure: 0.08bpp J2K Image (8KB); 0.1563bpp JPEG Image (16KB);
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Conclusion Excellent compression rate Fully exploits the advantage of DWT Capable of handling extremely large
images Lots of user-selectable features Efficient for hardware implementation Most advanced image compression
standard Implication of MPEG 2000?
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References International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
International Organization for Standardization (ISO), “JPEG 2000 Implementation in Java,” http://jpeg2000.epfl.ch, October 16th, 2003.
ISO/IEC JTCI/SC29 WGI, JPEG 2000 Editor Martin Boliek, Charilaos Christopoulos, Eric Majani, “JPEG 2000 Image Coding System,” http://www.jpeg.org/CDs15444.html, March 16th, 2000.