A Pyroelectric Crystal Particle Accelerator Amanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Rand...
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A Pyroelectric Crystal A Pyroelectric Crystal Particle Accelerator Particle Accelerator Amanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of Amanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Technology Rand Watson, Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute Rand Watson, Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute
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Transcript of A Pyroelectric Crystal Particle Accelerator Amanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Rand...
A Pyroelectric Crystal Particle A Pyroelectric Crystal Particle AcceleratorAccelerator
Amanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyAmanda Gehring, Rose-Hulman Institute of TechnologyRand Watson, Texas A&M Cyclotron InstituteRand Watson, Texas A&M Cyclotron Institute
Pyroelectric CrystalsPyroelectric Crystals
Experimental SetupExperimental Setup
D +D 3He + n (820 KeV) (2.45 MeV)
D + D T + p (1.01 MeV) (3.02 MeV)
Goals of ExperimentGoals of Experiment
Instigate d + d fusion and optimize the Instigate d + d fusion and optimize the neutron output by varying the neutron output by varying the D2 gas pressure
Optimize parameters that determine the Optimize parameters that determine the intensity and energy of the particle beamintensity and energy of the particle beam
Examine feasibility of using the system as a neutron generator
Pyroelectric CrystalsPyroelectric Crystals
LiNbOLiNbO33 and LiTaO and LiTaO33
Inner SystemInner System
First Set of ExperimentsFirst Set of Experiments
Energy calibrated Si(Li) x-ray detector Energy calibrated Si(Li) x-ray detector using a 241-Am sourceusing a 241-Am source
Conducted runs under vacuum at the Conducted runs under vacuum at the heating currents of 0.5 A, 1.0 A, 1.5 A, and heating currents of 0.5 A, 1.0 A, 1.5 A, and 2.0 A 2.0 A
Recorded the number of x-rays in 10 s Recorded the number of x-rays in 10 s intervalsintervals
Acquired x-ray spectraAcquired x-ray spectra
Time (s)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Cou
nts
per
ten
seco
nds
100
101
102
103
104
105
Tem
pera
ture
(o C
)20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160Temperature Change and X-ray Count RateTemperature Change and X-ray Count Rate
Heating Cycle Cooling Cycle
Run 12 - 2.0 A
2.0 A Heating Cycle
Energy (keV)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Cou
nts
per
Cha
nnel
100
101
102
103
104
105
X-ray Spectrum at Heating Cycle X-ray Spectrum at Heating Cycle
Cu K
Cu K
2.0 A Cooling Cycle
Energy (keV)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cou
nts
per
Cha
nn
el
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
X-ray Spectrum at Cooling Cycle X-ray Spectrum at Cooling Cycle
Fe K
Zn K
Zn K
Zr K
Zr K
Cd K
Cd K
Heating Current Effect on EnergyHeating Current Effect on Energy
Current vs Heating Accelerating Potential
Heating Current (A)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Ene
rgy
(ke
V)
30
40
50
60
70
80
Current vs. Cooling Accelerating Potential
Heating Current (A)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Ene
rgy
(ke
V)
40
50
60
70
80
90
Heating Current Effect on Heating Current Effect on Beam IntensityBeam Intensity
Current vs. Max Avg Heating Count Rate
Heating Current (A)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
X-r
ay C
ount
s/s
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Current vs. Max Avg Cooling Count Rate
Heating Current (A)
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
X-r
ay
Co
un
ts/s
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Second Set of ExperimentsSecond Set of Experiments
Energy calibrated liquid scintillator neutron Energy calibrated liquid scintillator neutron detector using a 252-Cf sourcedetector using a 252-Cf source
Conducted runs with DConducted runs with D22 gas at pressures gas at pressures
of 5.0, 2.5, 1.2, 0.5, and 0.1 mtorr.of 5.0, 2.5, 1.2, 0.5, and 0.1 mtorr.
Recorded the number of neutrons and x-Recorded the number of neutrons and x-rays in 10 s intervalsrays in 10 s intervals
Acquired x-ray spectraAcquired x-ray spectra
Deuterium 0.1 mTorr
0 100 200 300
Tem
pera
ture
(de
gree
C)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Temperature Change and Neutron Count RateTemperature Change and Neutron Count Rate
Heating Cycle Cooling Cycle
Neutron MCS
0 100 200 300
Co
unt
s pe
r 10
s I
nte
rval
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Run D4 X-Ray Heating Cycle
Energy (keV)
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cou
nts
per
Cha
nne
l
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
X-ray Spectrum at Heating Cycle X-ray Spectrum at Heating Cycle
Cu K
Cu K
Run D4 X-Ray Cooling Cycle
Energy (keV)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Cou
nts
per
Cha
nnel
100
101
102
103
104
X-ray Spectrum at Cooling Cycle X-ray Spectrum at Cooling Cycle
Fe K Cu K
DD22 Pressure Effect on Energy Pressure Effect on Energy
Deuterium Heating Accelerating Potentials
Pressure of D2 Gas (mtorr)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
En
ergy
(ke
V)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Deuterium Cooling End Energy
Pressure of D2 Gas (mtorr)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
En
ergy
(ke
V)
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
DD2 2 Pressure Effect on Pressure Effect on
Beam IntensityBeam Intensity
Deuterium Max Heating X Ray Count Rates
Pressure (mtorr)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
X-r
ay C
ount
s/s
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Deuterium Max Cooling Count Rates
Pressure (mtorr)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
X-r
ay C
ount
s/s
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Future ResearchFuture Research
Address discharges and unfocused beam Address discharges and unfocused beam
Run experiments under different Run experiments under different deuterium gas pressuresdeuterium gas pressures
Replicate previous resultsReplicate previous results
Use of two pyroelectric crystalsUse of two pyroelectric crystals
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation
Department of EnergyDepartment of Energy
Texas A&M Cyclotron InstituteTexas A&M Cyclotron Institute
Dr. Rand WatsonDr. Rand Watson
Jon KalodimosJon Kalodimos
RunRun Current Current (A)(A)
Max x-ray Max x-ray Heating Heating Energy Energy (keV)(keV)
Max x-ray Max x-ray Cooling Cooling Energy Energy (keV)(keV)
Max Max Heating Heating Count Count Rate Rate (counts/s)(counts/s)
Avg. Max Avg. Max Heating Heating Count Count Rate Rate (counts/s)(counts/s)
Max Max Cooling Cooling Count Count Rate Rate (counts/s)(counts/s)
Avg. Max Avg. Max Cooling Cooling Count Count Rate Rate (counts/s)(counts/s)
22 0.50.5 3636 -- -- 154154 -- --
33 1.01.0 5353 4343 41184118 36643664 117117 7272
44 1.01.0 6161 3030 15051505 10971097 -- --
55 1.51.5 6666 6565 1117511175 68066806 441441 182182
88 2.02.0 7474 7676 1359113591 1057310573 14701470 735735
1111 2.02.0 5555 7171 1322013220 81488148 15091509 493493
1212 2.02.0 7272 8888 1506315063 1168711687 16411641 10661066
1313 2.02.0 8888 8080 1581615816 1298012980 -- --
Results
