A preliminary report on Plant Diversity Assessment in ... · A preliminary report on Plant...

A p relim inary rep o rt

on

Plan t D iversity A ssessm en t in selected fo rest villages

o f

G aya d istrict, B ih ar & H azaribagh district, Jharkhand

Fo r

D ed icated Freight C orrid or C orporation o f Ind ia Ltd .

A G ovt. o f Ind ia (M inistry o f Railways) Enterp rise

By

G overnm ent o f Ind ia

Botan ical Survey o f Ind ia

M inistry o f Environm ent, Fo rest & C lim ate Change

CG O C om p lex, Salt Lake C ity

K olkata - 7 0 0 0 6 4 , W e s t Bengal, Ind ia

A p relim inary rep o rt

on

Plan t D iversity A ssessm en t in selected fo rest villages

o f

G aya d istrict, B ih ar & H azaribagh district, Jharkhand

Fo r

D ed icated Freight C orrid o r C orporation o f Ind ia Ltd .

A G ovt. o f Ind ia (M inistry o f Railways) Enterp rise

Field Survey and D ocum entation T eam

D r. Basan t K um ar Singh & Sri A nand K um ar

By

G overnm ent o f Ind ia

Botan ical Survey o f Ind ia

M inistry o f Environm ent, Fo rest & C lim ate Change

C G O C om p lex, Salt Lak e C ity

K olkata - 7 0 0 0 6 4 , W e s t Bengal, Ind ia

*lTCc! 7TW 5R @ e ! T O )

Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. A Ctont. si India (Ministry of Railways} Enltrprisaitee tblfteY?

No.HQ/SEMU/EC/Forest/Koderma detour /2015 Dated: 06.01.2016

Director,

Botanical Survey o f India,

CGO Complex, 3rd Floor, MSO Building

Block-F (S1*1 & 6th Floor), DF Block, Sector-? Sa it Lake C ity, Kolkata-700064

Sub: B iodiversity Assessment o f “Gautam Budha W ildlife Sanctuary” in Hazaribagh and

As you may be aware that Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) is a

Special Purpose Vehicle set up under the administrative control of Ministry of Railways to undertake

planning & development, mobilization of financial resources and construction, maintenance and

operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors. The Eastern Corridor, starting from Ludhiana in

Punjab will pass through the state of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and terminate at Dankuni in West Bengal. Work in Kanpur -- Khurja - Mughaisarai - Sonnagar section has already started. The progress of work is monitored regularly upto the level of PMO.

Approx 15 km of the proposed Koderma detour under the Eastern Dedicated Freight Project

in Hazaribagh (Jharkhand) district (viilages Menukhar, Garmorwa, Bukar and Khairataand) and

Gaya (Bihar) district (villages Mcrchak, Dibcbasera, Same, Jhurang, Harakurha, Regaini, Tegaini

Bagai, Tuntiu, Taro, Rui dhamna, Aiaxhaina and Kathotiya Kewai) is passing though core area and

buffer zone of the “Gautam Budha W ildlife Sanctuary". For the submission of Wildlife proposal of

the project, DFCCIL needs to enclose the "Biodiversity Assessment Report" of the "Gautam Budha

Wildlife Sanctuary" of the above mentioned villages. The details of the villages under sanctuary are

enclosed herewith.

It is assured that the Biodiversity Assessment, report and other information provided by your

esteem institution will not be used anywhere except for the submission of the wildlife proposal, it

will not be reproduced or published in other research publication.

DFCCIL is a time bound national project of Ministry of Railways and is listed in the priority

agenda of Hon’ble Prime Minister’s Office. Therefore, it is requested to prepare the Biodiversity

Assessment report of the "Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary” at earliest. The required charges, if

any for the preparation of Biodiversity Assessment report may kindly be intimated.

Ch ief Project Manager/Kolkata, 18/N (Ground Floor, B lock A, New A iipore, Kolkata - 700053 (email - sm ihasan@ dfcc.co .in . Mob -1)9007041120).

Gaya D istrict.

DA: As above

(Mukesh Kumar Jain}

Genera l Manager/LA & SEMU/EC

Copy to :

Rsgd. & Corporate O ffice : 5th FSoor, Prayati Maidan Metro Station Building Complex, New Daihi-110001

T e l.: +91-11-23454700, Fax : 011-23454701, W e b :www.dfcdl.gov.in C IN : U 6 0 2 3 2 D l .2008<301155068

1 . In tro d u ctio n

D ed ic ated Fre ig h t C o rrid o r C o rp o ratio n o f In d ia Ltd . (D FC C IL) is u n d e rtak in g

p lann in g , d ev e lo p m en t, m o b iliz atio n o f f in an c ial re so u rc e s and c o n stru c tio n , m ain ten an c e and

o p eratio n o f th e Easte rn C o rrid o r, startin g fro m Lu d h ian a in Pu n jab and w ill p ass th ro u g h the

state s o f H ary an a, U ttar Prad esh , Bih ar, Jh arkh an d and te rm in ate at D anku n i, W e st Ben g al

c o v e rin g to ta l d istan ce o f 1856 km . O u t o f 1856 km , to ta l d istan c e o f 239 km w ill p ass th ro u g h

Bih ar and o f 196 km w ill p ass th ro u g h Jharkhand . It is a p ro je c ted to c ate r to a n um b e r o f traf fic

stream s — c o a l fo r th e p o w er p lan ts in th e n o rth e rn reg io n o f U .P ., D elh i, H ary ana, Pu n jab and

p arts o f R ajasth an fro m th e Eastern c o al f ie ld s; f in ish ed steel, fo o d g rain s, c em en t, fe rtiliz e rs,

lim e sto n e fro m R ajasth an to stee l p lan ts in th e e ast and g en eral g o o d s

(h ttp :/ / w w w .d fc c il.g o v .in / d fc c il_ ap p / Easte rn _C o rrid o r. jsp ) .

Th e B io d iv e rs ity A sse ssm en t (p artic u larly in Flo ra p arts) o f 17 fo re st v illag es ly in g

in sid e and aro u nd th e G au tam Bu d d h a W ild life San c tu ary (G BW LS) w h e re th e Easte rn

C o rrid o r w ill p ass. Th e C o rp o ratio n req u ested Bo tan ic al Su rv ey o f In d ia to su bm it p lan t

d iv e rsity asse ssm en t rep o rt o f th e area w h ic h is to b e req u ired fo r su bm issio n o f th e W ild life

p ro p o sal (as p e r D FC C IL req u est le tte r v id e N o . H Q / SEM U / EC / Fo re st/ K o d e rm a d ated

06.01.2016) . W e are also thankfu l to the C h ie f P ro je c t M anag er, D ed icated Fre ig h t C o rrid o r

M ap 1: D PR Phase II (C o u rtesy : R. K. Ked ia, D FFC IL , K o lkata; Pers. C om .)

1 | P a g e

C o rp o ratio n o f Ind ia L td ., K o lk ata [N o . KKK/ EN / LA / KQRd eto u r/ G aya fo rest/ 307/ 1537 d ated

2 1 .0 1 .2 0 1 6 ] fo r fu nd ing to u nd ertake fie ld to u r and A d d itio nal Prin c ip al C h ie f C o nserv ato r o f

Fo re st- c u m -C h ie f W ild life W ard en , B ih a r; D iv is io n al Fo re st O f f ic e r, G ay a Fo re st D iv is io n ,

G ay a (B ih a r) & Prin c ip al C h ie f C o nserv ato r o f Fo re sts , W ild lif e and C h ie f W ild life W ard en ,

Jharkhand , fo r p e rm issio n to exp lo re the area.

A te am o f tw o sc ien tif ic p e rso n n e l D r. Basan t K um ar Sin g h & Sri A n an d K um ar o f

Bo tan ic al Su rv ey o f Ind ia h av e v isited th e site f ro m 1st Feb ru ary to 7th Feb ru ary , 2016.

2. Stu d y area

Th e stu d y w as fo cu sed o n 13 fo re st b lo ck s (A lakhd ih a, Bag ai, D ib o b ase ra, D u nd u ,

H araku rha, Jhu ran g , K ath o tiy a K ew al, M o ch rak , R eg ain i, Ru id h am na, Sarn e , Taro & Teg ain i)

o f G ay a d istric t, Bih ar and fo u r fo re st b lo ck s (Bu kar, G arm o rw a, K h airatan d & M enu khar) o f

H az arib ag h d istric t o f Jh arkhand . A m o n g 13 fo rest b lo ck s o f G ay a d istric t, th ree (D ib o b asera,

M o ch rak & Sarn e ) lie in th e G au tam Bu d d ha W ild life San c tu ary (G BW LS) , G ay a d istric t, Bihar

c o v e rin g

M ap 2: Pro p o sed Ko d erm a D eto u r in b e tw een Ko d erm a and Paharp u r R ailw ay Statio n

(C o u rtesy : R . K . K ed ia , D FC C IL , K o lkata ; Per. C om m .)

2 | P a g e

an area o f 15.35 km 2 and rem ain in g 10 are ad jac en t to th e San c tu ary . Sim ilarly a ll th e fo u r fo re st

b lo ck s o f H az arib ag h d istric t lie in th e San c tu ary c o v e rin g an area o f 22 .67 km 2. A p p ro x 15 km

o f K o d e rm a d e to u r u nd er th e Eastern D ed icated Fre ig h t P ro je c t w ill p ass th ro u g h th e

San c tu ary .

m% * * — *

i G urpa^, AlakdihaG u rp ^ , Alakdiha

Kathotiya Kebal

Jhuranc.. . .j j^M och ra k

Dibobasera

*^ 2 r ‘ J Vc

Be# .

Barachalti

fAHll

X Kenduahi alias Oanua

MenukharKhairatand

Garmorwa

M ap 3: L o catio n m ap o f su rv ey ed area (C o u rtesy : Sate llite m ap : G o o g le Earth )

3 | P a g e

G BW L S w as n o tif ie d as a W ild life San c tu ary in 1976. It is s itu ated in G ay a d istric t o f

Bih ar and H az arib ag h & C hatra d istric ts o f Jh arkhand . It lie s b e tw een 24019' - 24031' N latitu d es

and 84059' - 85017' E lo ng itu d es. A t p resen t, it c o v ers an area o f 259.5 km 2 o f w h ic h 138.33 km 2 in

Bih ar and rem ain in g area o f 121.14 km 2 in Jharkhand . Th e fo rests o f th e stu d y area fa ll u nd er

N o rth ern tro p ic al d ry d e c id u o u s fo re st, w h ic h h as b e en su b -c lassif ied in to D ry p en in su lar Sal

fo rest, N o rth ern d ry m ix ed d e c id u o u s fo rest, D ry d e c id u o u s sc ru b fo re st and Butea fo re st

(C h am p io n and Seth , 1968) . Th e in h ab itan ts in sid e th e stu d y area d ep end u p o n th e fo re st

re so u rc e s su ch as fo o d , m ed ic in e s, sh e lte rs and o th er h o u seh o ld p u rp o ses.

T ab le 1: Fo re st v illag e s su rv ey ed :

Sl. N am e o f Fo re s tv il la g e s D istric ts & State s Latitu d e & L o n g itu d e

N o .

B ih ar

1. A lakhd ih a G ay a 24°33 '26 .4 "N

85°17 '35.0"E

2. Bag ai G ay a 24°30 '51 .6 "N

85°16 '41.0"E

3. D ib o b asera G BW LS, G ay a 24°30 '08 .4 "N

85°14 '12.7"E

4. D u nd u G ay a 24°32 '00 .9 "N

85°16 '40.0"E

5. H araku rha G ay a 24°31 '29 .7 "N

85°14 '18.1"E

6. Jh u ran g G ay a 24°31 '04 .9 "N

85°13 '36.2"E

7. K ath o tiy a K ew al G ay a 24°32 '57 .8 "N

85°17 '25.5"E

8. M o ch rak G BW LS, G ay a 24°30 '56 .7 "N

85°14 '32.3"E

9. R eg ain i G ay a 24°30 '47 .2 "N

85°15 '47.3"E

4 | P a g e

Sl. N am e o f Fo re s tv il la g e s D istric ts & State s Latitu d e & L o n g itu d e

N o .

10. Ru id h am na G ay a 24°34 '08 .3 "N

85°16 '23.6"E

11. S arne G BW LS, G ay a 24°29 '27 .6 "N

85°16 '15.4"E

12. Taro G ay a 24°34 '10 .7 "N

85°16 '14.3"E

13. T eg ain i G ay a 24°30 '14 .9 "N

85°15 '58.0"E

Jh ark h an d

14. Bu kar G BW LS, H az arib ag h , 24°27 '57 .5 "N

85°16 '25.1"E

15. G arm o rw a G BW LS, H az arib ag h 24°25 '58 .2 "N

85°14 '01.9"E

16. K hairatand G BW LS, H az arib ag h , 24°27 '30 .6 "N

85°17 '54.1"E

17. M enu khar G BW LS, H az arib ag h , 24°27 '20 .3 "N

85°14 '58.5"E

3. M ate ria ls an d M e th o d

In ten siv e su rv ey h as b e en u nd ertak en f ro m 1st Feb ru ary to 7th Feb ru ary , 2016 in stu d y

area. P lan ts in f lo w ers and f ru its w ere c o lle c ted

d u rin g e xp lo ratio n s. Fie ld d e tails su ch as hab itat,

h ab it and h e ig h t o f th e p lan t, c o lo u r and o d o u r o f

th e f lo w ers and fru its, asso c iated p lan ts and

d istrib u tio n w ere n o ted in th e f ie ld b o o k . P lan ts in

f lo w e rin g and fru itin g and d if fe ren t ty p es o f

v eg e tatio n in th e stu d y area w ere p h o to g rap h ed .

Th e c o lle c ted sp e c im en s w ere p ro c e ssed fo llo w in g

5 | P a g e

stan d ard h e rb ariu m te c h n iq u e s (Jain & R ao , 1977) . Sp e c im e n s w e re id e n tif ie d u sin g re g io n a l

f lo ras and also c o m p ared w ith au th en tic sp e c im en s d ep o sited at C A L. M o no g rap h s, rev is io n s

and m o re re c en t lite ratu re w ere re fe rred to fo r c ritic a l id en tif ic atio n and n am e u p d atin g .

"W alk - in - th e -w o o d " fo r in situ m e th o d o f

in te rv iew in g w as ad o p ted fo r e th n o -b o tan ic al

an aly sis fo r th e b e tte r q u ality o f re su lt and

re liab le d ata (Th o m as et al., 2007; M artin , 2008).

Th e in fo rm atio n re c o rd ed w ith th e h e lp o f key

in fo rm an ts in th e stu d y area in c lu d es v e rn acu lar

n am e and trad itio n al u ses.

Rare , Th reaten ed and En d an g ered (RET)

p lan ts av ailab le in th e stu d y area w ere re c o rd ed fro m "T h e IU C N Red L ist o f Th reaten ed

Sp e c ie s" (h ttp :/ / w w w .iu cn red list.o rg / ) and a c h e ck lis t o f p lan ts is p rep ared acc o rd in g ly .

In ten siv e su rv ey in c o u rse o f f ie ld to u r to th e stu d y area

6 | P a g e

A lth o u g h , fu rth e r stu d y in d if fe ren t seaso n s is n e ed ed fo r d e tailed p lan t d iv e rsity asse ssm en t

rep o rt.

FO R EST BLO C K W ISE IN V EN TO RY O F PLA N T SPEC IES A R E PR O V ID ED BELO W

Flo ra l d iv e rs ity o f 13 f o re s t b lo c k s o f G ay a d is tric t, Bih ar

A LA KH D IH A (24°33 '26 .4 "N , 85o17 '35.0"E)

D u rin g a sh o rt p e rio d o f v isit to th is area, th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 88 p lan t sp ec ies

in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p hy te s. T rees w ere th e m o st d o m in an t w ith 43 sp ec ie s f o llo w ed b y sh ru b s

(14), c lim b ers (12), h e rb s (12) and lian as (3).

Sl. N o . P lan ts n am e Fam ily V e rn ac u lar N am e

T ree s

1. Acacia catechu (L.f .) W illd . Leg um in o sae Khair

2. Acacia nilotica (L.) D elile Leg um in o sae Babu l

3. Aegle marmelos (L.) C o rrea Ru tac eae Be l

4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth . Leg um in o sae Siris

5. Anogeissus latifolia (Ro xb . ex D C .)

W all. ex G u illem . & Perr.

C o m b re tac eae D hau tha

6. Azadirachta indica A .Ju ss. M e liac eae N eem

7. Balanites roxburghii P lan ch . Balan itac eae Ig u n ia

8. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leg um in o sae K o nar

9. Bauhinia racemosa Lam . Leg um in o sae K athu l

10. Bombax ceiba L. Bo m b acac eae Sem ar

11. Boswellia serrata Ro xb . ex C o leb r. Bu rserac eae Salai

12. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lo u r.)

M .R .A lm e id a

A nacard iac eae Piar

13. Butea monosperma (Lam .) Taub . Leg um in o sae Palas

14. Cassia fistula L. Leg um in o sae A m altas

7 | P a g e

S l . N o . P lan ts n am e Fam ily V e rn ac u lar N am e

15. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb .)

T irv eng .

Ru b iacaeae M au na

16. Ceriscoides turgida (Ro xb .) T irv eng . Ru b iac eae Karhar

17. Dalbergia latifolia Ro xb . L eg um in o sae K ala Sh ee sh am

18. Diospyros melanoxylon Ro xb . Eb en aceae K end u

19. Ehretia laevis Ro xb . Bo rag in aceae D atran g

20. Ficus benghalensis L. M o raceae Bar

21. Ficus mollis V ah l M o raceae G ard ah Barg ad

22. Ficus racemosa L. M o raceae D um ar

23. Flacourtia indica (Bu rm .f .) M err. Flac o u rtiac eae Behach

24. Gardenia latifolia A ito n Ru b iaceae Pap ro

25. Gmelina arborea Ro xb . V erb en ac eae G am har

26. Haldina cordifolia (Ro xb .) R id sd ale Ru b iac eae K aram

27. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch . U lm aceae C h ilb il

28. Hymenodictyon orixense (Ro xb .)

M abb .

Ru b iac eae Bhu rkhu nd

29. Ixora pavetta A nd r. Ru b iac eae Kho ta

30. Lagerstroemia parviflora Ro xb . Ly th raceae Sid ha

31. Lannea coromandelica (H o u tt.) M err. A n acard iac eae Param bh i

32. Madhuca longifolia (J.K o en ig ex L.)

J.F.M acb r.

Sap o tac eae M ahu a

33. Mitragyna parvifolia (Ro xb .) K o rth . Ru b iac eae G u rika

34. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Ku rz Big n o n iac eae D halso r

35. Phyllanthus emblica L. Eu p h o rb iac eae A m la

36. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. A n acard iac eae Bh e lw a

8 | P a g e


37. Senna siamea (Lam .) H .S.Irw in &

Barn eb y

Leg um in o sae C haku nd i

38. Shorea robusta G aertn . D ip te ro carp ac eae Sal

39. Streblus asper Lo u r. M o raceae Sih o ra

40. Tectona grandis L.f. V erb en ac eae Sag w an

41. Terminalia arjuna (Ro xb . ex D C .)

W ig h t & A rn .

C o m b re tac eae A rju n , K ahu a

42. Terminalia bellirica (G ae rtn .) Ro xb . C o m b re tac eae Bahera

43. Terminalia tomentosa W ig h t & A rn . C o m b re tac eae A san

Sh ru b s

44. Calotropis gigantea (L.) D ry and . A sc lep iad ac eae A kw an

45. Carissa spinarum L. A p o cy n ac eae K aro nd a

46. Casearia tomentosa Ro xb . Flac o u rtiac eae K an er

47. Croton roxburghii W all. Eu p h o rb iac eae M asau nd ha

48. Dendrophthoefalcata (L.f .) Ettin g sh . Lo ran th aceae Band

49. Helicteres isora L. Ste rcu liac eae A ith a

50. Holarrhena pubescens W all. ex

G .D o n

A p o cy n ac eae K o raiy a

51. Lantana camara L. V erb en ac eae Pu tu s

52. Phoenix acaulis Ro xb . A re cac eae Khaju r

53. Ricinus communis L. Eu p h o rb iac eae A nd i, Reri

54. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) K u rz Ly th raceae Pho o l D haw ai

55. Ziziphus nummularia (Bu rm .f .)

W ig h t & A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber

56. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) M ill. Rh am naceae D ith o r

9 | P a g e

57. Ziziphus xylopyrus (R etz .) W illd . Rh am naceae Kathar

H erb s

58. Aerva lanata (L.) Ju ss. A m aran th ac eae Lap o n g arak

59. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. A ste rac eae Jan g li Pu d in a

60. Blumea lacera (Bu rm .f .) DC . A ste rac eae Kakrand e

61. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. V e rb en ac eae T itb h an t

62. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H .R o b . A ste rac eae Sahad ev i

63. Datura innoxia M ill. So lan ac eae D atu ra

64. Elephantopus scaber L. A ste rac eae M ay u rjh an ti, Ban

tam b a

65. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Po it. Lam iaceae Ban tu lsi

66. Mecardonia procumbens (M ill.) Sm all Sc ro p hu lariac eae

67. Rungia pectinata (L.) N ees A c an th ac eae H asa arak

68. Senna occidentalis (L.) L in k Leg um in o sae C hako ra

69. Vanda tessellata (Ro xb .) H o o k . ex

G .D o n

O rch id ac eae V and a

L ian as

70. Acacia megaladena D esv . Leg um in o sae A rar

71. Combretum album Pers. C o m b re tac eae Latu r

72. Ventilago denticulata W illd . Rh am naceae Ram ai

C lim bers

73. Abrus precatorius L. Leg um in o sae Ratti

74. Asparagus racemosus W illd . A sp arag ac eae Satu r

75. Cassytha filiformis L. Lau raceae A m arlata

76. Celastrus paniculatus W illd . C e lastrac eae Ku jari

10 | P a g e

77. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W .Th eo b . M en isp erm aceae D u d h lar

78. Cryptolepis dubia (Bu rm .f.)

M .R .A lm e id a

A sc lep iad ac eae K ari D u d h lar

79. Dicliptera paniculata (Fo rssk .)

I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae

80. Dioscorea bulbifera L. D io sc o reac eae Ban alu

81. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex

Schu lt.

A sc lep iad ac eae D ud h lar

82. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W .T .A ito n A p o cy n ac eae Lar

83. Porana paniculata Ro xb . C o n v o lv u lac eae Safed Be l

84. Smilax zeylanica L. L iliac eae R am D atw an

P te rid o p h y te s

85. Adiantum incisum Fo rssk . P te rid aceae Path alch at G hass

86. Cheilanthes farinosa (Fo rssk .) Kau lf. P te rid aceae Path alch at G hass

87. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw . Ly g o d iac eae

88. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Se lag in e llac eae Basan ti

B A G A I ( 2 4 ° 3 0 '5 1 .6 "N , 8 5 ° 1 6 '4 1 .0 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 38 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 2 p te rid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 18 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y h e rb s (9), sh ru b s (6), c lim b ers (2) and lian a (1).

Sl.

N o .

P lan ts n am e Fam ily V e rn ac u lar N am e

T ree s



3. Ailanthus excelsa Ro xb . Sim aro u b ac eae G h o rkarand


11 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


5. Azadirachta indica A .Ju ss. M eliac eae N eem

6. Borassus flabellifer L. A re caceae Tar

7. Dalbergia sissoo D C . Leg um in o sae Seesh am




11. Ficus religiosa L. M o raceae Peep al



J.F.M acb r.


14. Mangifera indica L. A n acard iac eae A am

15. Melia azedarach L. M eliac eae G h o o rn eem


17. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skee ls M y rtaceae Jam u n

18. Tamarindus indica L. Leg um in o sae Im li

Sh ru b s


20. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R .M .K in g &

H .R o b .

A ste rac eae A y ap an

21. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f .) Ettin g sh . Lo ran th aceae Band

22. Lantana camara L. V e rb en ac eae Pu tu s


12 | P a g e

24. Tamarix dioica R o xb . e x R o th Tam aric ac eae Jh au

H erb s




28. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H .Ro b . A ste rac eae Sahad ev i

29. Cyathocline purpurea (Bu ch .-H am . ex

D .D o n ) K u n tz e

A ste rac eae Jirh u l G has


tam b a




L ian a


C lim b e rs


I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae


Schu lt.


Pte ric o p h y te s



D IB O B A SE R A ( 2 4 ° 3 0 '0 8 .4 "N , 8 5 ° 1 4 '1 2 .7 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 101 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p h y te s. T rees w ere th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 48 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (16), c lim b ers (15), h e rb s (12) and lian as (6).

13 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


T ree s

1. Acacia catechu (L .f .) W illd . Leg um in o sae Khair

2. Acacia nilotica (L.) D e lile Leg um in o sae Babu l



5. Albizia procera (Ro xb .) Benth . Leg um in o sae Safed Siris







10. Borassus flabellifer L. A re cac eae Tar


12. Bridelia retusa (L.) A .Ju ss. Eu p h o rb iac eae K ajh


M .R .A lm e id a

A nacard iac eae P iar




T irv eng .


17. Ceriscoides turgida (Ro xb .) T irv eng . Ru b iac eae K arh ar

18. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) A lsto n Bix aceae G alg la l

19. Cordia dichotoma G .Fo rst. Bo rag in aceae Bahu ar

20. Dalbergia latifolia Ro xb . Leg um in o sae K ala Sh eesh am


14 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .








28. Garuga pinnata Ro xb . Bu rserac eae K ekar



31. Hesperethusa crenulata (Ro xb .) M .

Ro em .

Ru tac eae G air

32. Hymenodictyon orixense (Ro xb .) M abb . Ru b iac eae Bhu rkhu nd

33. Ixora pavetta A nd r. Ru b iac eae K h o ta

34. Lagerstroemia parviflora Ro xb . Ly th raceae Sid h a

35. Lannea coromandelica (H o u tt.) M err. A n acard iac eae Param b h i


J.F.M acb r.


37. Mitragyna parvifolia (Ro xb .) K o rth . Ru b iac eae G u rik a

38. Oroxylum indicum (L.) K u rz Big n o n iac eae D halso r




Barn eb y




15 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


44. Tectona grandis L.f. V e rb en ac eae Sag w an


W ig h t & A rn .



47. Terminalia chebula Retz . C o m b re tac eae H arre


Sh ru bs





53. Dendrophthoe falcata (L .f .) Ettin g sh . Lo ran th aceae Band


55. Holarrhena pubescens W all. ex G .D o n A p o cy n ac eae K o raiy a

56. L antana camara L. V e rb en ac eae Pu tu s

57. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R .Br. Lam iaceae G o khu l

58. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. O le ac eae Sam sin g ar

59. R icinus communis L. Eu p h o rb iac eae A nd i, R eri

60. Vitex negundo L. V e rb en ac eae Sin d u ar

61. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) K u rz Ly th raceae Ph o o l D haw ai

62. Ziziphus nummularia (Bu rm .f .) W ig h t

& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber


64. Z iziphus xylopyrus (Retz .) W illd . Rh am naceae K athar

16 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


H erb s



67. Blumea lacera (Bu rm .f .) DC . A ste rac eae K akrand e







tam b a

72. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Po it. Lam iaceae Ban tu ls i





G .D o n


L ian as


78. Acacia torta (Ro xb .) C raib Leg um in o sae D ho r K hair

79. Butea superba Ro xb . Leg um in o sae D ho rain


81. Olax scandens Ro xb . O lacac eae Bh ad o ria sag


C lim b e rs


17 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .




86. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C .Je f frey C u cu rb itac eae G u raich i




M .R .A lm e id a


90. Cuscuta reflexa Ro xb . C o n v o lv u lac eae A m arb eri


I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae



Schu lt.



95. Mucuna pruriens (L.) D C . Leg um in o sae A lku sh i, K u lku th




98. Adiantum incisum Fo rssk . Pte rid ac eae Path alch at G hass




18 | P a g e

D U N D U (24° 32 '00 .9 "N , 85° 16 '40 .0 "E)

The stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 65 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 3 p terid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e


Sl.

N o .


T ree s




4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f .) W ang erin A lan g iac eae D he la




M .R .A lm e id a

A n acard iac eae Piar


9. Ceriscoides turgida (Ro xb .) T irv eng . Ru b iac eae Karhar










19 | P a g e

S l.

N o .




J.F.M acb r.





24. Pongamia pinnata (L.) P ie rre Leg um in o sae Karan j



Barn eb y



28. Spondias pinnata (L. f .) K u rz A n acard iac eae A m ra


Sh ru b s





H .R o b .



35. Dendrocalamus strictus (Ro xb .) N ees Po ac eae Bans





20 | P a g e

S l.

N o .


40. Tamarix dioica Ro xb . ex Ro th Tam aric ac eae Jh au


H erb s



44. Blumea lacera (Bu rm .f .) D C . A ste rac eae Kakrand e



tam b a



49. Senna occidentalis (L.) L ink Leg um in o sae C hako ra

L ian as

50. Capparis zeylanica L. C ap p arac eae Lep hu ra



C lim b e rs





57. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W .Theo b . M en isp erm aceae D u d h lar


M .R .A lm e id a


21 | P a g e

S l.

N o .




Schu lt.




Pte ric o p h y te s




H A R A K U R H A ( 2 4 ° 3 1 '2 9 .7 "N , 8 5 ° 1 4 '1 8 .1 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 43 p lan t sp ec ies. T rees w e re th e m o st d o m in an t w ith 22

sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y h e rb s (10), c lim b ers (6) and sh ru b s (5).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s








6. Bombax ceiba L. Bo m b acaceae Sem ar


22 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .



M .R .A lm e id a



10. Dalbergia latifolia Ro xb . Leg um in o sae K ala Sh ee sh am

11. Diospyros melanoxylon Ro xb . Eb enaceae K end u









J.F.M acb r.





Sh ru b s






23 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


H erb s









tam b a





C lim b e rs




M .R .A lm e id a



Schu lt.




JH U R A N G ( 2 4 ° 3 1 '0 4 .9 "N , 8 5 ° 1 3 '3 6 .2 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 60 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 3 p terid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 28 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (15), h e rb s (8), c lim b ers (5) and lian a (1).

2 4 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


T ree s



3. Alangium salviifolium (L .f .) W ang erin A lan g iac eae D he la


5. Albizia procera (Ro xb .) Benth . Leg um in o sae Safed Siris









12. Bridelia retusa (L.) A .Ju ss. Eu p h o rb iac eae Kajh


M .R .A lm e id a







19. Firmiana simplex (L.) W .W ig h t Stercu liac eae K en jh i, G alag al



25 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


22. Hymenodictyon orixense (Ro xb .)

M abb .

Ru b iac eae Bhu rkhu nd




J.F.M acb r.


26. Schleichera oleosa (Lo u r.) M err. Sap in d ac eae Ku sum


28. Shorea robusta G ae rtn . D ip te ro carp ac eae Sal

Sh ru b s


30. Capparis sepiaria L. C ap p arac eae Ku h il



33. Gymnosporia montana (Ro th ) Benth . C e lastrac eae G u raich




37. Mimosa himalayana G am b le Leg um in o sae A rar





& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber


26 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .



H erb s





tam b a





L ian a


C lim b e rs




Schu lt.








27 | P a g e

K A T H O T IY A K EW A L ( 2 4 ° 3 2 '5 7 .8 "N , 8 5 ° 1 7 '2 5 .5 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 100 p lan t sp ec ies in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p hy te s. T rees w e re the



T ree s









7. Azadirachta indica A .Ju ss. M e liac eae N eem

8. Balanites roxburghii Planch . Balan itac eae Ig u n ia




12. Boswellia serrata Ro xb . ex C o leb r. Bu rserac eae Sala i


M .R .A lm e id a




16. Cassine glauca (Ro ttb .) K u n tz e C e lastrac eae Ratan g aru r


T irv eng .



28 | P a g e



20. Dalbergia sissoo D C . Leg um in o sae Seesh am














34. Lannea coromandelica (H o u tt.) M err. A nacard iac eae Param b h i


J.F.M acb r.








Barn eb y


29 | P a g e






W ig h t & A rn .


46. Terminalia bellirica (G aertn .) Ro xb . C o m b re tac eae Bah era


Sh ru b s











58. Ricinus communis L. Eu p h o rb iac eae A nd i, R eri

59. Vitex negundo L. V erb en ac eae Sin d u ar



& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber


63. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz .) W illd . Rh am naceae K athar

30 | P a g e


H erb s




67. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. V erb en ac eae T itb h an t






tam b a

71. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Po it. Lam iac eae Ban tu lsi


73. Rungia pectinata (L.) N ees A can th ac eae H asa arak



G .D o n


L ian as


77. Acacia torta (Ro xb .) C raib Leg um in o sae D h o r K hair



80. Olax scandens Ro xb . O lacac eae Bhad o ria sag


C lim b e rs


31 | P a g e




85. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C .Je f frey C u cu rb itac eae G u raich i




M .R .A lm e id a




I.D arb y sh .

A can th ac eae



Schu lt.







97. Adiantum incisum Fo rssk . P te rid ac eae Path alch at G hass

98. Cheilanthes farinosa (Fo rssk .) Kau lf. P te rid ac eae Path alch at G hass



M O C H R A K ( 2 4 ° 3 0 '5 6 .7 "N , 8 5 ° 1 4 '3 2 .3 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 78 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 2 p terid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 35 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y h e rb s (13), sh ru b s (13), c lim b ers (11) and lian as (4).

32 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


T ree s














M .R .A lm e id a




T irv eng .









33 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





Ro em .

Ru tac eae G air

24. Holoptelea integrifolia P lan ch . U lm aceae C h ilb il





J.F.M acb r.






Barn eb y





Sh ru b s







3 4 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .






46. Tamarix dioica Ro xb . ex Ro th Tam aric ac eae Jh au



H erb s











tam b a






G .D o n


35 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


L ian as





C lim b e rs




M .R .A lm e id a




I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae



Schu lt.








78. Cheilanthes farinosa (Fo rssk .) Kau lf. P te rid ac eae Path alch at G hass

36 | P a g e

R E G A IN I (24° 30 '47 .2"N , 85° 15 '47 .3ME)

The stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 36 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 2 p terid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 17 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (6), c lim b ers (5), lian as (4) and h e rb s (2).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s





5. Cassine glauca (Ro ttb .) K u n tz e C e lastrac eae Ratang aru r






Ro em .

Ru tac eae G air





J.F.M acb r.





37 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


Sh ru b s







H erb s



G .D o n


L ian as


27. Acacia torta (Ro xb .) C raib Leg um in o sae D ho r Khair



C lim b e rs





34. Smilax zeylanica L. L iliac eae Ram D atw an

38 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





RU ID H A M N A (24°34 '08 .3"N , 85°16 '23.6"E)

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 11 p lan t sp ec ies. T rees w e re th e m o st d o m in an t w ith 8

sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (2) and lian a (1).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s








J.F.M acb r.



Sh ru b s



39 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


L ian a


SA R N E ( 2 4 ° 2 9 '2 7 .6 "N , 8 5 ° 1 6 '1 5 .4 "E )

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 116 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p hy te s. T rees w e re the


Sl.

N o .


T ree s















M .R .A lm e id a




40 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


15. Cassine glauca (Ro ttb .) K u n tz e C e lastrac eae Ratang aru r


T irv eng .


17. Ceriscoides turgida (Ro xb .) T irv eng . Ru b iac eae K arhar












Ro em .

Ru tac eae G air






J.F.M acb r.


34. Mangifera indica L. A n acard iac eae A am



41 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





40. Schleichera oleosa (Lo u r.) M err. Sap in d ac eae Ku sum

41. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. A n acard iac eae Bhe lw a


Barn eb y



44. Spondias pinnata (L. f .) Ku rz A n acard iac eae A m ra


46. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skee ls M y rtaceae Jam u n




W ig h t & A rn .


50. Terminalia bellirica (G ae rtn .) Ro xb . C o m b re tac eae Bah era

51. Terminalia chebula Retz . C o m b re tac eae H arre


Sh ru b s


54. Capparis sepiaria L. C ap p arac eae Ku h il


56. Casearia tomentosa Ro xb . Flac o u rtiac eae Kaner


H .Ro b .


42 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





61. Gymnosporia montana (Ro th ) Benth . C e lastrac eae G u raic h







68. Phoenix acaulis Ro xb . A re caceae Khaju r

69. Prosopis juliflora (Sw .) DC . Leg um in o sae Bilati K ikar


71. Tamarix dioica Ro xb . ex Ro th Tam aric ac eae Jhau




& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber


76. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz .) W illd . Rh am naceae Kathar

H erb s



79. Androsace umbellata (Lo u r.) M err. Prim u laceae

43 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .








84. Datura innoxia M ill. So lan aceae D atu ra


tam b a






G .D o n


L ian as








C lim b e rs



4 4 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .



101. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C .Je f frey C u cu rb itac eae G u raic h i




M .R .A lm e id a




I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae



Schu lt.





112. Smilax zeylanica L. L iliac eae Ram D atw an






T A R O (24°34 '10 .7 "N , 85°16 '14.3"E)

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 18 p lan t sp ec ies. H erb s w e re th e m o st d o m in an t w ith 10

sp ec ie s fo llo w ed tre e s b y (7) and sh ru b (1).

45 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .


T ree s




4. Cassine glauca (R o ttb .) K u n tz e C e lastrac eae Ratan g aru r




Sh ru b s


H erb s










tam b a




46 | P a g e

TEG A IN I (24°30 '14 .9 "N , 85°15 '58 .0 "E)


m o st d o m in an t w ith 17 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (6), c lim b ers (5), lian as (4) and h e rb s (2).


T ree s











Ro em .

Ru tac eae G air





J.F.M acb r.





Sh ru b s


47 | P a g e

S l. N o . P lan ts n am e Fam ily V e rn ac u lar N am e






H erb s



G .D o n


L ian as





C lim b e rs







35. Adiantum incisum Fo rssk . Pte rid ac eae Path alch at G hass


48 | P a g e

F lo ra l d iv e rs ity o f 4 f o re s t b lo c k s o f H az arib ag h d is tric t, Jh ark h an d

BU K A R (24°27 '57 .5 "N , 85°16 '25.1"E)

Th e stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 101 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p h y te s. T rees w ere th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 45 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (18), h e rb s (14), c lim b ers (13) and lian as (7).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s




4. Alangium salviifolium (L .f .) W ang erin A lan g iac eae D he la









11. Bridelia retusa (L.) A .Ju ss. Eu p h o rb iac eae K ajh


M .R .A lm e id a





T irv eng .




49 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .













29. Ixora pavetta A nd r. Ru b iac eae Kh o ta




J.F.M acb r.


33. Mallotus philippensis (Lam .) M u ll.A rg . Eu p h o rb iac eae Sin d o o r






39. Streblus asper Lo ur. M o raceae Sih o ra

40. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels M y rtaceae Jam u n

50 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





W ig h t & A rn .




Sh ru b s






51. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f .) Ettin g sh . Lo ran th aceae Ban d











& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber

51 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .




H erb s



66. Androsace umbellata (Lo u r.) M err. Prim u laceae







71. Datura innoxia M ill. So lan aceae D atu ra


tam b a






G .D o n


L ian as





52 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .





C lim b e rs







M .R .A lm e id a





Schu lt.


94. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W .T .A ito n A p o cy n ac eae Lar









53 | P a g e

G A RM O RW A (2 4 ° 2 5 '5 8 .2 " N , 8 5 014'Q 1.9ME)

The stu d y re lv eals th e o c cu rren c e o f 99 p lan t sp ec ie s in c lu d in g 4 p te rid o p hy te s. T rees w e re th e

m o st d o m in an t w ith 42 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (18), c lim b ers (15), h e rb s (13), and lian as (7).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s













M .R .A lm e id a





T irv eng .







5 4 | P a g e

S l.

N o .



20. Firmiana simplex (L.) W .W ig h t Stercu liac eae K en jh i, G alag al







27. Ixora pavetta A nd r. Ru b iac eae Kh o ta


29. Lannea coromandelica (H o u tt.) M err. A nacard iac eae Param bh i


J.F.M acb r.








Barn eb y






W ig h t & A rn .


55 | P a g e

S l.

N o .




Sh ru b s













55. Ricinus communis L. Eu p h o rb iac eae A nd i, R eri




& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber



H erb s


56 | P a g e

S l.

N o .











tam b a






G .D o n


L ian as








C lim b e rs


57 | P a g e

S l.

N o .




84. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C .Je ffrey C u cu rb itac eae G u raich i




M .R .A lm e id a




I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae



Schu lt.


92. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W .T .A ito n A p o cy n ac eae Lar









58 | P a g e

K H A IR A TA N D (24°27 '30 .6 "N , 85°17 '54.1"E)



Sl.

N o .


T ree s














M .R .A lm e id a






T irv eng .





59 | P a g e

S l.

N o .












29. Ixora pavetta A nd r. R u b iac eae K h o ta




J.F.M acb r.










W ig h t & A rn .


60 | P a g e

S l.

N o .




Sh ru b s















& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber


58. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz .) W illd . Rh am naceae K athar

H erb s




61 | P a g e

S l.

N o .







tam b a






G .D o n


L ian as







C lim b e rs






62 | P a g e

S l.

N o .



M .R .A lm e id a





Schu lt.











M EN U KH A R (24°27 '20 .3 "N , 85°14 '58.5"E)


m o st d o m in an t w ith 43 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (18), c lim b e rs (14), h e rb s (12) and lian as (7).

Sl.

N o .


T ree s




63 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .











M .R .A lm e id a





T irv eng .














6 4 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .




28. Ixora pavetta A nd r. R u b iac eae Kho ta




J.F.M acb r.








Barn eb y



39. Streblus asper Lo ur. M o raceae Sih o ra



W ig h t & A rn .




Sh ru b s




65 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .











56. Phoenix acaulis Ro xb . A re caceae Khaju r




& A rn .

Rh am naceae Ber



H erb s








tam b a


66 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .




L ian as







C lim b e rs







M .R .A lm e id a




I.D arb y sh .

A c an th ac eae



Schu lt.




67 | P a g e

Sl.

N o .









4. R e su lts & D isc u ss io n

Th e m ain f lo ristic e lem en ts o f th e stu d y area c o m p rises th e p ro m in en t tree sp ec ie s Shorea

robusta, Alangium salviifolium, Borassus flabellifer, Buchanania cochinchinensis, Butea monosperma,

Diospyros melanoxylon, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Madhuca longifolia, Semecarpus anacardium, Senna

siamea, Terminalia arjuna, etc. In sh ru b s, Carissa spinarum Chromolaena odorata, Croton roxburghii,

Dendrophthoe falcate, Helicteres isora, Holarrhena pubescens, Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora,

Tamarix dioica are c o m m o n . Th e c o m m o n h e rb s are Clerodendrum infortunatum, Cyanthillium

cinereum, Hyptis suaveolens, Senna occidentalis. Th e m o st c o m m o n lian as are Acacia megaladena

and Combretum album. In c lim b ers, Abrus precatorius, Asparagus racemosus, Hemidesmus indicus,

Ichnocarpus frutescens, Mucuna pruriens, Porana paniculata, Cocculus hirsutus are c o m m o n ly fo u nd

in th ese areas. A m o n g o rch id s, o n ly Vanda tessellata ex ists. Th e c o m m o n p te rid o p h y te s are

Adiantum incisum, Cheilanthes farinosa, Lygodium flexuosum and Selaginella bryopteris.

A n a ly s is o f th e Flo ra:

D u rin g th e f lo ristic su rv ey a to ta l o f 125 p lan t sp e c ie s w e re re c o rd ed fro m th e stu d y

area, rep re sen ted b y 16 f am ilie s . Th e d o m in an t fam ilie s in te rm s o f n um b er o f tax a w ere

L eg um in o sae fo llo w ed b y Ru b iac eae , A sterac eae , C o m b re tac eae , A nacard iac eae ,

Eu p ho rb iac eae , M o raceae , V e rb en ac eae , Rh am naceae , A p o cy n ac eae and so o n. T rees w e re the

m o st d o m in an t rep resen ted b y 65 sp ec ie s fo llo w ed b y sh ru b s (24), c lim b ers (15) , h e rb s (14) and

lian as (7). The d o m in an t g en era o f th e stu d y area is Acacia, Ficus and Terminalia (4 sp ec ie s each ).

68 | P a g e

In ad d itio n to th is, fo u r sp e c ie s o f p te rid p h y te s h av e also b e en re c o rd ed . The list o f d if fe ren t

p lan t sp ec ie s (trees, sh ru b s, h e rb s, lian as, c lim b ers & p te rid o p h y te s) re c o rd ed d u rin g f ie ld

su rv ey is en listed ab o v e fo re st b lo c k w ise . A m o n g a l l th e re c o rd ed p lan ts , 24 p lan ts are o f

m e d ic in a l im p o rtan c e f o r lo c a l p e o p le .

R are , T h re a te n ed an d En d an g e red (RET ) p lan ts : P lan ts re c o rd ed in the stu d y area

w ere ch e ck ed fo r Rare , Th reaten ed and En d ang ered (RET) p lan ts w ith h e lp o f "T h e IU C N R ed

L ist o f Th reaten ed Sp e c ie s" (h ttp :/ / w w w .iu cn red list.o rg / ) b u t th e re are n o R ET p lan ts

re c o rd ed as p e r IU C N R ed L is t o f T h re a te n ed Sp e c ie s .

69 | P a g e

In th e c o u rse o f su rv ey , it is fo u n d th at th e fo re st b lo ck s o f M o ch rak , D ib u b asera, Sarne ,

Jhu ran g , A lakhd ih a, K ath o tiy a K ew al o f G ay a d istric t and Bu kar, G arm o rw a, K h airatand and

M enu khar o f H az arib ag h d istric t w as d o m in ated b y n atu ral v eg e tatio n . In H araku rha, Reg ain i,

T eg ain i, Bag ai, D u nd u , Taro , Ru id h am na, th e n atu ral v eg e tatio n is rem o v ed b y th e v illag ers fo r

ag ric u ltu re , h um an se ttlem en t and liv e lih o o d . A s a re su lt o f th is, rem nan t fo re st p atch is

rep re sen ted b y so m e sc atte red trees o f Butea, Borassus, Diospyros and Madhuca longifolia, etc .

Sal fo re st at Sarn e , G ay a Fo re st rep re sen ted b y scatte red trees o f

Butea monosperma at D ib u b asera, G ay a

D ry m ix ed d e c id u o u s fo rest at D e fo rested fo re st b lo c k d o m in ated b y

Jh u ran g , G ay a Lantana camara at Ru i D ham na, G ay a

70 | P a g e

Trib e se ttlem en t in sid e Kh airatan d fo re st

b lo ck , H az arib ag h

10 D o m in an t f am il ie s re p o rted in th e stu d y area

Sl. Fam ilie s N o . o f

N o . sp e c ie s

1. L eg um in o sae 21

2. Ru b iac eae 7

3. A ste rac eae 6

4. C o m b re tac eae 6

5. A n acard iac eae 5

6. Eu p h o rb iac eae 5

7. M o raceae 5

8. V erb en ac eae 5

9. Rh am naceae 4

10. A p o cy n ac eae 3

Fo re st alo n g th e Bu kar riv er at Bu kar,

H az arib ag h

D u rin g th e stu d y , it is also fo u nd

th at th e lo c al c o m m un ity and trib al

p eo p le are v e ry m u ch d ep end en t o n

fo re st p ro d u c e s lik e le av es o f Diospyros

melanoxylon fo r m ak in g bidi; f lo w ers o f

Madhuca longifolia f o r m ak in g lo c al w in e

and c attle fo o d ; f lo w ers o f Butea

monosperma fo r e x trac tin g n atu ral d y es,

etc . A t so m e p lac es, lo cal p eo p le are also

in v o lv ed in th e c o lle c tio n o f m ic a sto n e

and p eb b le s f ro m riv er b e d to m e e t th e ir

b asis e xp end itu res. R earin g o f c attle and

ag ric u ltu re are o th er w ay s o f liv e lih o o d in

th e su rv ey area.

71 | P a g e

Shorea robusta G aertn . Butea monosperma (Lam .) Taub .

Diospyros melanoxylon Ro xb .

1

• p * <

• v I .

Semecarpus anacardium L.f.

•t?' *

Flacourtia indica (Bu rm .f .) M err. Gymnosporia montana (Ro th ) Benth .

Pho to : A n and K um ar

72 | P a g e

Cassine glauca (R o ttb .) K u n tz e Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. e x Schu lt.

Capparis zeylanica L. Androsace umbellata (Lo u r.) M err.

Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f .) Ettin g sh . Cassytha filiformis L.

Pho to : A n and Kum ar

73 | P a g e

FAUNALASSESSMENT OFGAUTAM BUDHA

WILDLIFESANCTUARY

FAUNAL ASSESSMENT

Name, Location, Constitution and the Extent of Area.

The Project Area (PA), named as Gautam Buddha Wild Life Sanctuary, is

situated in the district of Hazaribagh, Jharkhand. It is elongated in shape and

can be divided into two halves, Northern and Southern halves with a narrow

constriction joining both the halves. The Northern halve is larger in size,

covering a length of about 12.5 Km. from East to West and a breadth of about 7

Kms. from North to South. The Southern halve is smaller in size, covering a

length of about 6.5 Km. from East to West and a breadth of about 8 Kms. from

North to South. It occupies an area of 100.05 Sq. Km. between85°°5’18" to 85°17’14" East longitude and 24° 19’33" to 24° 29’ 33" North latitude.

The Sanctuary is under the administrative control of Divisional Forest

Officer, Wildlife Division, Hazaribagh and Divisional Forest Officer, Gaya

Notified boundaries of the sanctuary, extending over 3villages fall under

Revenue Thanas of Barachatti in Gaya district.

The Whole Sanctuary Area, were under private ownership till 1947. It was

subsequently constituted as Protected Forest under Indian Forest Act 1927.

Again, consequent to the enactment of Wild Life Protection Act 1972, these

forests were notified as a Wild Life Sanctuary under section 18 (1) of the said

act by the State Government vide its notification No. SO 1485 dated 14.09.1976.

The total area of the sanctuary is 100.05 sq.Km. of Protected Forest. The

sanctuary is surrounded by a number of thickly populated villages with

cultivation and settlements within, which account for the increasingly

undesirable biotic pressure and rendering the area susceptible to degradation.

As per the notification of the sanctuary the protected forest of three

different forest division namely Gaya Forest Division were taken as Gautam

Buddha Sanctuary. After creation of Wildlife Division, Hazaribag, the Koderma

Forest Division and Chatra North Forest Division are supposed to transfer the

forest area to wildlife division. The area of Gaya Forest Division went to Bihar

State. The details of area of different divisions notified as Gautam Buddha

Wildlife sanctuary are as follows :

Sl.

No.

Name of Division Area of

Demarcated

Protected Forest

(Hac)

Area of land

excluded

from Forest

land (Hac)

Total

Notified

area

(Hac)1 Gaya Forest Division 13722.63 111.1

313833.66

2 Koderma Forest Division 10005.44 - 10005.44

3 Chatra North

Forest Division

2100.82 - 2100.82

Total

25828.89 111.13

25939.92

After the creation of Jharkhand as a separated state, the area (13833.66

hac.) notified as Sanctuary after delineating Gaya Forest Division remain with

Bihar state.

ApproachandAccess

The Sanctuary is quite easily accessible, as it is well connected by road,

rail and air. National Highway No. 2 connecting Howrah to Delhi passes right

through the northern halves of the Sanctuary. The P.A. has 2 entrances namely

Chouparan and Danua check naka. The Chouparan is approximately 50 k.m.

from Koderma and Hazaribagh and 80 Km. from Gaya

BACKGROUND INFORMATION &ATTRIBUTES.

Boundaries:

External boundary

The Sanctuary is surrounded by Continuous forest belt of Gajandi

Ranges of Koderma forest division and Chatra forest division. It is

situated in the Northeast and Western side of Hazaribag district.

The boundary line of the sanctuary has been shown on the

enclosed map. The peripheral details of the sanctuary is given below:

1. North: Villages with protected forest of Barachatti thana, dist.Gaya.

2. South: Villages with P.F. of Itkhory thana dist. Hazaribag

(Forest area falling under the jurisdiction of Koderma Forest

Division and Chatra ForestDivision).

3. East: Protected Forest area of Itkhory and Chouparan thana

falling under the jurisdiction of Koderma Forest Division.

4. West: Forest area Barachatti thana of Gaya district falling under

the jurisdiction of Gaya Forest Division, Bihar.

Legal boundary:

The area within the aforesaid boundaries has been notified asGautam Buddha Sanctuary vide Govt. of Bihar Gazette Notification

No. S.O. 1485 dated 14th, Sept 1976. As per the notification the totalarea of the Sanctuary should have been 25939.92 Hac. or 259.40Sq km. But due to creation of separate state, the 13833.66 Hac. or138.33 Sq. Km. of sanctuary area remained with Bihar State.

Ecological boundary:

Based on the migration and excursion patterns of herbivores,

which may extend to 3-5 Km. beyond the notified boundaries,

the same may be considered as ecological boundaries of the

sanctuary for herbivores except elephants, for which it extends

very deep into the forests of Koderma, Giridih, Chatra, Ranchi

and Palamu districts.

Zone of Influence:

It is difficult to delimit zone of influence, as there are 3 villages

proposed within the sanctuary limits.

Terrain:

The terrain of the Sanctuary is undulating with low to high hills in the

central and western portions. The main hills are Lohawar, Tamasin etc.

The altitude of the area varies from 500-600 M above the mean sea

level. These hills are separated by valleys, plateaus and stretches of

plains. The area is well drained by a series of nalas or streams like

Simarkola, Marghati, Goari, Jharna, Sarne Mainuar, Bukar, Mahane

etc. The main river is Mahane which originates from Chatra South

Forest Division and flows from South to North. Features like gullies,

ravines, dams, rock crevices etc are also present at different places of

the P.A. All these features of the terrain make it an ideal site for a

variety of flora and fauna, besides giving it a spectacular landscapes.

Climate:

The Sanctuary experiences the usual seasons common to a tropical

zone i.e. summer, rainy and winter seasons. The summer is

characterized by hot and dry winds. The Northwesterly wind in winter

causes severe cold conditions in the area.

Rainfall:

Rains occur mostly during the period of south west monsoon i.e. from June

to September.

Temperature:

The temperature in the area varies from a minimum of 50 c in the peak ofwinter to a maximum of 460 c in the summer.

Humidity:

It varies from a maximum of about 90 percent during monsoon to a

minimum of around 10 percent, during March/April of the year.

Water Sources:

The sanctuary serves as watershed for a number of streams and rivers.

Most of streams are rainfed and seasonal and therefore, dry up in summer.

However rivers carry a little bit of water throughout the year and are

important source of water for wild animals. The detail list of streaims &

rivers are being annexed. Besides few important ones are being listed.

List of Natural Water Bodies (Perennial / Seasonal)

S.noNane of River/Nala

Location Remarks

1 2 3 41 Sarne River Near Bukar, along border of

GayaPerennial

2 Jarda River Near Bukar, towordsMainukhar

Perennial

3 Bukar River Near Bukar, towords

Pathalgarhwa &

Perennial

4 Suhari River Near Asanchuan, towordsPandria

Perennial

5 Panchbadiniya

River

Near Asanchuan, towordsBukar

Perennial

6 Jamunia River Near Asanchuan, towordsKhairatand

Perennial

7 Simarkola River Near Pathargarwa, towordsBukar

Perennial8 Goari River Near Chordaha, towords Gaya Perennial

9 Mohane River Near Maurania, towords Gaya Perennial10 Jharna River Near Bukar, towords

GhajhandiPerennial

11 Tari Stream Near Silodhar, towords Danua Seasonal12 Harguma Stream Near Sikda, towords Maurenia Seasonal13 Ghorachaur Nala Near Garmorwa, towords S.

BorderSeasonal

14 Pichri Nala Near Aahri, Seasonal15 Balwa Nala Near Aahri, towords S. Border Seasonal

The above water sources besides meeting the needs of the Wild Life also

meet the drinking water requirement of cattle. In addition, villagers use the

streams for domestic and agricultural purposes.

FAUNA:

The mammalian fauna & Birds that are commonly found in the P.A. are

Wild Boar, Barking Dear, Jungle Fowl, Wolf, Common Peafowl, Cheetal,

Rhesumacaque, Hare, Hyaena , Jackal.

Present status of animals (Mammalian):

The detailed census of the sanctuary area is being carried out byEnvironment & Forest Department, Government of Jharkhand. The censusreport of the Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary for last five years issummarized as below:

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