A Power Amplifier Design Based on Wavetek …. Power...A Power Amplifier Design Based on Wavetek...
Transcript of A Power Amplifier Design Based on Wavetek …. Power...A Power Amplifier Design Based on Wavetek...
A Power Amplifier Design Based on Wavetek Process Design Kits
Min-Li Chou Ph.D. / Wavetek (聯穎光電)
Sponsor:
What Can We Do for Customers…?
As a pure foundry provider, what can we do for our customer…?
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 2
Agenda
• Introduction of Wavetek (WTK)
• Overview of WTK process design kit
• Example of power amplifier design
– General considerations on power amplifier design
– Final stage and power cell design
– Complete power amplifier design
• Summary
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 3
INTRODUCTION OF WAVETEK (WTK)
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 4
Agenda
• Introduction of Wavetek (WTK)
• Overview of WTK process design kit
• Example of power amplifier design
– General considerations on power amplifier design
– Final stage and power cell design
– Complete power amplifier design
• Summary
HBT pHEMT Others
IPD1 Polyimide
IPD2 Air-bridge
ED25 LNA/PA/Infrastructure/
RF switch
SH2 High Beta 120 for Excellent Linearity
SH1 High Beta 125 for Excellent Linearity
HBT1/2 High Linearity 3G/LTE/WiFi
HBT3 Medium Linearity GSM/GPRS/EDGE
HBT5 High Ruggedness PA
HBT6 Small Cell [12V operation]
ED15-00 mmWave/LNA/5G Cellular
ED15-01 5G Cellular/mmWave
PA25 Power pHEMT [8V]
Process Map
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 6
OVERVIEW OF WTK PROCESS DESIGN KIT
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 10
Agenda
• Introduction of Wavetek (WTK)
• Overview of WTK process design kit
• Example of power amplifier design
– General considerations on power amplifier design
– Final stage and power cell design
– Complete power amplifier design
• Summary
Keysight Advance Design System (ADS)
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 11
ADS 2020 is Released!
One Stop RF Circuit Design Flow
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 12
ADS PDK
Schematic view Device models
Layout view P-cells
Advance layout elements DRC and LVS
Momentum (FEM) (ETH) Substrate definition file
- Customer engineer service
Components in Schematic Library
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 13
1 2 2
3
4
1 Netlist Include Kit Active Devices - HBT - Diode Passive Component - Resistor - Inductor - Capacitor Traces - Microstrip lines - Backside via.
Others - ESD devices - Customized components
2
3
4
5
Components in Layout Library
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 15
1
2
3
4 4
Active Devices - HBT - Diode Passive Component - Resistor - Inductor - Capacitor Traces - Microstrip lines - Backside via. - Via - Standard pad.
Others - Dicing streets - Text layouts
1
2
3
4
DRC / LVS (Layout Verification Tools)
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 16
DRC LVS
DRC and LVS are ready to offer layout verification.
✔
EM-Simulation on Momentum
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 17
Measured (solid line) and simulated (dash line) inductance and quality factor with different turns.
Substrate definition files Layout pattern Turns
Turns
EXAMPLE OF POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 18
Agenda
• Introduction of Wavetek (WTK)
• Overview of WTK process design kit
• Example of power amplifier design
– General considerations on power amplifier design
– Final stage and power cell design
– Complete power amplifier design
• Summary
A Power Amplifier Design
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 19
This work: Power Amplifier Design
Modulator
Carrier
Pre-amplifier
Antenna
Considerations in power amplifier design • Linearity: IP3, AM-AM/-PM conversion, ACLR…
• Thermal: electro-thermal interaction, thermal coupling effect
Performance of power amplifier design • Return loss • Gain • P1dB
• IP3 • …
Non-Linear Effect
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 21
Linear input wave
VBE
IC Non-linear output wave
Input power (dB)
Output power (dB)
Linear region (slope = small-signal gain)
Compression region
Saturated output power
t
t
t
t
f
f
f
f
Linear
Non-linear
f0
f0
f0
f0 f1 f2
Modulation Issue
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 22
Intermodulation Distortion Verification Test Bench (VTB)
Thermal Issue in Power Cell
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 23
Ic increase
Power dissipation increases
Increase the temperature of B-C junction
Resistance of the device decreases
Electro-Thermal Interaction Thermal Coupling Effect
Parallel Devices Top view
Rcp Rcp
Rth Rth Rth
Block Diagram of Power Amplifier
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 24
Inter-stage Matching Network
Input Matching Network
Output Matching Network
Bias Circuit
Bias Circuit
Output Stage
RF input RF output
Drive the constant current for amplifier
Impedance matching (Gain matching)
Gain amplifier to boost RF input power
Power amplifier to drive output power
Driving Stage
ZS ZL
Impedance matching (Power matching)
RFout
RFin
VB
GND
Power Cell
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 25
RFout
RFin
VB
Input Output
DC Block
Ballasting Resistor
HBT Core Unit Cell Power Cell
Power cell core
Biasing Circuit: Structure
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 26
Q1
Q2
Q3
R1
R2
Adaptive biasing circuit (Linearizing bias circuit)
C1
Impedance Matching and Load Pull
Impedance Matching Contours of PAE, Power and Gain
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 28
PAE circle
Power circle
Ga circle
Load Impedance (50 Ω)
Device Impedance
Output matching network
VSWR circle ( 2:1)
Optimized and trade amplifier performance between Pout, PAE, Ga and VSWR.
✔
Pre-Layout and Post-Layout Simulation
• Pre-layout simulation
Using equivalent models.
Coupling effect not considered.
Less simulation time.
• Post-layout (EM-) simulation
Performance extracted from the substrate definition file.
Coupling effect considered.
Taking more simulation time.
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 29
Off-Chip Elements
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 30
Package PCB
Wire bond Off-chip components
Smart Mount for Multi-Technology
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 31
Smart Mount allows a component designed in one technology to be used in a design with a different technology.
Chip Substrate
Module Substrate
✔
Reference demokit: QFN_Designer_V8 ✔
Power Amplifier Design Flow
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 32
Inter-stage Matching Network
Input Matching Network
Output Matching Network
Bias Circuit
Bias Circuit
Output Stage
RF input RF output Driving Stage
ZL ZS
1 2 3 4
Select the transistor size and bias point.
Load pull and power matching.
Driving amplifier design.
Gain matching. 1 2 3 4
Test Bench from Design Guide
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 34
Templates Design Guide
Template and design guide provide simulation environments to designers for reference.
✔
Device Analysis: DC Simulation
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 35
Reference design guide: BJT I-V curve, Class A Power, Eff., Load, Gm vs. Bias ✔
Device Analysis: Load Pull
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 36
VSWR circle ( 2:1)
Reference design guide: Load Pull – PAE, Output Power Contours
Your Schematic
✔
Device Analysis: Stability
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 37
Mu and Stability Factor Stability Circle Winslow Stability Probe (WSProbe)
ADS 2020 new function!
Simulation: S-Parameter
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 38
Smith chart with S11 and S22
Input / output return loss and gain
Simulation: Harmonic Balance
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 39
Gain
Pout
PAE
P1dB
RF Frequency: 4.9 GHz
RF Spectrum OP1dB vs. Frequency Pout, Gain and PAE vs. Frequency
Simulation: Two-Tone and Modulation
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 40
Frequency (GHz)
(dB
c)
OIP3 vs. Frequency Pout vs. Pin
Complete Power Amplifier Design
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 41
1st stage amplifier
2nd stage amplifier
Final stage amplifier
Input matching network
Inter-stage matching network
Inter-stage matching network
Output matching network
Complete your power amplifier!
Your Schematic
SUMMARY
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 42
Agenda
• Introduction of Wavetek (WTK)
• Overview of WTK process design kit
• Example of power amplifier design
– General considerations on power amplifier design
– Final stage and power cell design
– Complete power amplifier design
• Summary
Summary
1. The power amplifier is a critical component in the RF transmission system. This work demonstrates a step-to-step power amplifier design and raises several considerations for new designers.
2. To provide a friendly circuit design environment, Wavetek and Keysight would continually provide improved PDK solutions to all partners.
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 43
Welcome to Visit Wavetek Website
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 44
http://www.wtkmicro.com
Thank you for your listening
2019/10/22 Copyright © Wavetek Microelectronics Corp. 2019, All Rights Reserved. 45