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apoptosis

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1. Akt:onco gene2. anti-apoptotic:BH1, 2, 3, 43. anti-IAP:release into the cytoplasm that block the IAPs when you ahve an appropriate

stimulus4. Apaf1:cytochrome-c binds to it and activates it to expose the CARD5. Apaf1:important for apoptosis, especially if knocked out6. apoptosis:careful sequence of events to undergo cell death7. aspartic acid residue:directly after this site the caspase cuts the polypeptide (site of

cleavage)

8. Bad:pro-apoptotic protein that binds to Bcl-2 and prevents it from being activated9. Bcl-2 family:made up of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins; onco gene; in the

outer membrane of the mitochondria; form a channel to let out cytochrome-c 10.BH domain:all the members of the family contains one or more of the same domains in

it11.block the exit of cytochrome-c:stop apoptosis, bc cytochrome-c needed to activate

Apaf112.CARD (caspase activator and recruitment domain):apoptosome-triggers apoptosis13.Casp9:not as important for apoptosis14.caspase:protease; activated only during apoptosis; cuts up the polypeptide15.caspase 8:initiator caspase in extrinsic pathway16.caspase 9:initiator caspase in intrinsic pathway17.cystine residue:the active site of the caspase18.cystine-aspartase:makes the caspase19.cytochrome-c:generates ATP; associated with mitochondria20.death domains:come together and form a death inducing signal complex; procaspase

involved in complex-activated and forms a dimer then caspase cascade 21.death effector domains:stimulate cell death; mechanism of apoptosis22.delete CARD:prevents formation of apoptosome23.DNA laddering:hallmark of apoptosis

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24.executioner:the last caspase that will kill the cell25.extrinsic pathway:pathway that is a signal to start apoptosis from the outside (via

ligand)26.FADD (fas associated death protein domain):domain within the protein that interacts

with other proteins involved in apoptosis

27.Fas ligand:bound to the surface of a cell; for T cells; binds and causes assembly ofother proteins

28.fibrosis:formation of scars29.IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis):bind to caspase and block them from being activated30.intrinsic pathway:pathway that is a signal to start apoptosis from the inside (via cell

damage)31.Necrosis:cellular death by bursting; cytoplasm released into extracellular matrix 32.other pro:BH333.pro-apoptotic:BH1, 2, 334.procaspase:bigger than caspase; must be cleaved to become active; zymogen 35.TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor):can induce apoptosis36.

treat with protease inhibitor:block protein activity of caspases and block apoptosis37.tunel staining:staining the terminal nucleotides of DNA

38.zymogen:the large inactive form of a protein that must be clipped in order for it to beactive