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Sun & Wind Energy 4/200938

ment’s effort to tie together the promotion of PV and solar thermal was primarily aimed at accomplishing the national solar thermal target until 2010. So far, the solar thermal collector surface ranges at about 390,000 m² – less than half of the 1 million m² planned – meaning that the government is still behind the schedule fixed in its public initiative “Solar hot water for Portugal” (Programa agua quente solar para Portugal).

Photovoltaics

Global solar radiation levels of between 1,500 kWh/m² per year in the northern Braga and 1,800 kWh/m² per year in the Algarve make Portugal an attractive location for PV systems. So far, the implementation of solar energy is making only slow progress in the country. However, there are two reasons for confidence. With the completion of a 46 MW solar park that was connected to the grid by the Spanish project developer Acciona Energía in January 2009, Portugal now has its first largescale PV project. The successful completion of this project was also due to an increased effort of the licensing authorities that have become ambitious to process applications in shorter time.

The open space system that is located in the southeast of Lisbon was completed in December 2008 after a construction period of 13 months. According to the DirectorateGeneral for Energy and Geology (Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia, DGEG) of the Portuguese Ministry of Economy and Innovation, PV systems with a capacity of 21.4 MW were installed in Portugal before November 2008. With the completion of the new plant in Amareleja, the capacities have therefore tripled. The largescale plant in Amareleja alone has enough capacity to produce about 30 % of the national target of 150 MW installed PV capacity until the year 2010.

Another positive trend was observed with the licensing through the Portuguese Association for the Certification of Electric Sites (Certiel). In the last four months, a solid number of applications were finally licensed, reports Leticia Voland Aguilar, Country Manager for the Iberian Peninsula at Systaic AG.

Most renewable energy systems in Portugal are found along the northern Atlantic coast and regions: the large wave power plants

are located in Viana do Castelo and Bragança and most wind farms in the region of Viseu and Coimbra. According to Espírito Santo Research, the four regions together accounted for nearly 50 % of the installed capacities in the renewable energy sector in 2008. But the special market characteristics are not restricted to regional differences in the implementation of solar and wind energy, biomass, hydropower and wave power. The situation is worth taking a closer look.

Portugal’s micro production law DL 363/2007 made micro generating systems from any area of renewable energy with capacity below 3.68 kW eligible for special bonus payments. With the exception of biomass, the bonus payment is bound to the installation of warm water solar collectors of at least 2 m2 surface on the same site. The govern

Portugal’s renewable energy targets

are no doubt ambitious. In the far

west of Europe, an interesting

market is emerging that exhibits a

number of specific characteristics.

Cadafaz wind park of Energias de Portugal, EDP. Photo: EDP

Following its own path

Portugal

Portugal’s largest PV project with a capacity of 46 MW was developed by Acciona Energía in Amareleja in the municipality of Moura. Photo: Acciona Energía

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Portugal

Too much regulation also for micro systemsTwo different incentives were introduced for smallscale systems. Operators of small PV systems with a capacity below 5 kW are entitled to an average feedin tariff of 31 €ct/kWh over a period of 15 years. The incentive is financed through a surcharge that appears on electricity consumer bills. “It is a challenge for energy policy to determine an appropriate level of feedin tariffs that leads to new installations of renewable energy systems and at the same time keeps the burden on the electricity consumer at a sustainable level”, says Marlene Neves of the DGEG. The target for 2010 was determined in 2001 in context of the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies) for the reduction of carbon emissions. With the expiration of the 15 year period, the incentive is subsequently reduced to the level of the regular electricity price at that time. Currently, this price ranges at about 12 €ct/kWh, which as yet makes the operation of PV systems unprofitable. However, Voland Aguilar also observes a parallel trend: “Companies active in regions where power cuts are more the rule than the exception are very interested in electricity production from largescale PV systems that guard them against production and business losses.”

The feedin tariff for smallscale systems below 3.68 kW in contrast is much more attractive. In 2009, the tariff was set to 61.8 €ct/kWh. 4,120 applications, equalling a capacity of about 14 MW, had accordingly been filed with Sistema de Registo de Microprodução (SRM) by October 2008. However, only 1,516 systems with a capacity of 5.3 MW were in the end licensed through SRM after many applicants failed to comply with the legal specifications or did not pay the service charge.

Solar thermal: a fresh impetus

According to the Portuguese Energy Agency (ADENE), a solar thermal collector surface of 86,820 m² had been newly installed in 2008. In the year before, the market had already seen 50,300 m² growth. The expansion course was mainly due to law DL 80/2006 “Building Code on Thermal Performance Characteristics” (RCCTE) that in 2006 made solar thermal collectors mandatory for any suitable new building. ADENE estimates that the total solar thermal collector surface already ranged at 390,000 m² at the end of 2008.

However, compared to Greece where global radiation, population and the general socioeconomic structure are not so radically different, there remains a lot of growth potential. At the end of 2007, the solar thermal collector surface in Greece had reached 3.5 million m² nine times more than in Portugal. Still far from market saturation, the Portuguese solar thermal sector is expected to continue its growth curve in 2009.

An estimated 65,000 households will be able to profit from the incentive for the utilization of renew

”Despite initial difficulties and technical problems faced in the licensing process, in the meantime, several licenses were issued and several projects were accomplished, amongst others our project to the north of Lisbon, near Torres Novas.” According to experts about 5 MW of the 25.3 MW filed since April 2008 received their license by mid February. However, annual growth in this segment is limited through an annual cap on the bonus. The maximum volume in 2009 has been restricted to 12 MW. The cap is annually raised by 20 % parallel to downward adjustment of the feedin tariff by 5 % with every 10 MW newly installed. In view of the target of 150 MW installed capacity until 2010, there remains a long way to go for Portugal. Despite the interesting combination of high global radiation levels and feedin tariffs that reach up to 61.8 €ct/kWh depending on the system type, a range of bureaucratic hurdles continues to slow down growth especially in the PV sector.

Global radiation levels range between 1,500 kWh per year in the northern and 1,800 kWh per year in the southern regions. Source: JRC – European Commission

Global irradiation and solar electricity potential in Portugal (for horizontally mounted photovoltaic modules)

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able energies (Programa de incentivos à utilização de energias renováveis) for which the government has made a total of € 225 million available with support of Banco Espírito Santo, Millennium BCP and Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD). CGD currently provides subsidies for five system types varying with the size of the installation from € 2,814 to € 4,955. Independent from system type, an investment grant of € 1,641.70 has been made available. The financing of the remaining costs is cared for through a loan with either a fixed interest rate or interest adjusted to Euribor (plus a spread of 1.5 %). The loan period varies from 72 to 84 months. The target of the “National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, Portugal Efficiency 2015” is to equip one in every 15 buildings with solar hot water heaters until 2015.

Wind energy: 5 GW until 2012

According to the Portuguese DirectorateGeneral for Energy and Geology (DGEG), the total wind capacity installed at the end of 2008 had ranged at 2.8 GW. The volume was produced by 1,495 turbines located in 172 wind parks. Between January and November 2008, capacities grew by 38 % compared to the period of the year before making wind energy the renewable energy form with the strongest growth in Portugal. Since 2001, the installed wind capacity went up by an average of 58 % per year. In total, wind projects with a capacity of 3,765 MW have so far been licensed.

According to the report “Wind farms in Portugal – December 2008” published by Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial, the country’s chief turbine manufacturers are currently Enercon and Vestas with a market penetration of 44.9 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Enercon turbines with a total capacity of over 1,250 MW were connected to the grid in Portugal by the end of 2008. About 250 MW are still under construction.

Until 2012, the government has the target of a total of 5,100 MW installed wind capacity. In addition, the creation of a technology and investment cluster for wind energy is currently under planning. The ambitious goals bring also foreign players on the scene. EDF Energies Nouvelles is one example. The French Group recently announced completion of the Arada wind farm that incorporates 56 Enercon turbines and has a total capacity of 112 MW. The Arada wind farm is now number ten in the list of Portugalbased EDF Energies Nouvelles projects. The group meanwhile owns a gross wind capacity of 495.8 MW in the country.

But the industry is also choosing new paths in the offshore sector. Energias de Portugal (EDP) and the USbased Principle Power, Inc. are one example. The two players announced collaboration over a WindFloat project for offshore wind turbines on floating foundations. The new technology could make it possible to locate offshore wind turbines in water depth of more than 50 metres. The project is realized in three stages. After completion of a first prototype for demonstration purposes in the first project stage, the realization of another three to four systems follows before the project enters the stage of commercial use.

• RENEWABLE ENERGIES

• BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY

• RESEARCH AND TRAINING

International Exhibition for Renewable Energyand Energy Management

June 24-25&26 2009PORTE DE VERSAILLES

PARIS - FRANCE

www.sireme.com

Next gen energies...

An event by

SIREME, a subsidiary of the Comexposium group70, avenue du Général de Gaulle • F-92058 Paris-La Défense CedexT +33 (0)1 76 77 11 11 F +33 (0)1 53 30 95 18 - www.comexposium.com

In association with:In partnership with:

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http://www.novalys.com


Area 92,000 km2 1

Capital Lisbon

Population 2.1 million 1

GDP per capita ¤ 15,377 2

Primary energy sources coal: 12.78 %oil: 55.22 %natural gas: 13.88 %other: 11.51 % 3

Installed capacitiesPV:Solar thermal:Wind energy:

17.87 MW 4

390,000 m2 5

2,862 MW 6

Sources:1 Federal Foreign Office (Germany), status: 2008; 2 Federal Foreign Office (Germany), status: 2007; 3 Statistics Portugal 2006; 4 Eurobserver 2007; 5 Adene 2009; 6 EWEA 2008

Key figures for Portugal:

Pioneer for wave power

In the area of wave power plants, Portugal is considered a role model. The implementation of wave power plants with a total capacity of 200 MW is now planned in a pilot project. The first commercial ocean wave power plant, 5 km off the coast, near the village of Aguçadoura, was recently completed by Enersis and Babcock & Brown through technological partner Pelamis Waver Power. Three P1A Pelamis 750 kW machines are now producing electricity at a current price of 23 €ct/kWh. The owners already announced collaboration with Pelamis Waver Power to continue for another 20 MW to be located next to the existing plant.

Portugal’s ambitions in the area of renewable energy are remarkable. But at the same time, there is no other way for the government to go in view of the EU climate protection targets. Until 2020, Portugal is required to raise the share of renewable energy in the electricity production by 45 %. From this point of view, the country’s pioneering activities in the area of floating wind turbines and wave power plants as well as the attractive incentive scheme in the solar thermal sector become apparent. In the PV sector, a glimpse of hope has already become visible. But bureaucratic hurdles still need to be lowered. More largescale PV projects will eventually become necessary on the road to achieve the country’s ambitious targets.

Stefan Hausmann

Further information:ES Research: www.espiritosantoresearch.comAcciona Energía: www.acciona-energia.comPortal Renováveis na Hora: www.renovaveisnahora.ptPortuguese Energy Agency: www.adene.ptDirectorate General for Energy and Geology (Direcção Geral de Energia e Geologia): www.dgge.ptBanco Espírito Santo (Portugal Business & banking): www.bes.ptPortugal‘s Millennium bcp: www.millenniumbcp.ptCaixa Geral de Depósitos: www.cgd.ptInstitute of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management: www.inegi.ptVestas: www.vestas.comEnercon: www.enercon.deEDF Energies Nouvelles: www.edf-energies-nouvelles.comEDP: www.edp.ptCertiel: www.certiel.ptPelamis Wave Power: www.pelamiswave.comBabcock&Brown: www.babcockbrown.com

May 25–26, 2009ICM - InternationalCongress CenterMunich, Germany

intersolar2009

in cooperation with:

www.interso lar.de

Conference Topics

� International PV markets and grid parity

� Thin-film technology currently on the market

� Silicon PV technology development and concentrated PV

� PV systems & applications in large PV plants and in inverter technology

An Excellent Meeting Point

for Decision-Makers of the

Photovoltaics Industry

w w w . p v i n d u s t r y . d e

AZPV09_SundWindEnergy 1.2 30.01.2009 9:59 Uhr Seite 1

http://www.pvindustry.de/index.php?id=intersolar&L=1

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