A new species description of the acanthomus species group (Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus),...

ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER

A new species description of the acanthomus species group(Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus), with keys to world speciesof the group

Mohammad Tajodin • Hamidreza Hajiqanbar •

Ali Asghar Talebi

Received: 28 March 2013 / Accepted: 27 October 2013 / Published online: 7 December 2013

� The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 2013

Abstract Mites of the family Podapolipidae (Acari:

Heterostigmatina) are permanent parasites of insects.

During an intensive survey of insect parasitic mites in Iran,

a new species of the genus Eutarsopolipus Berlese, 1911

(Acari: Heterostigmatina: Podapolipidae), belonging to the

acanthomus species group, was found from the subelytra of

Amara (Amara) aenea (De Geer, 1774) (Coleoptera: Car-

abidae). In this article, Eutarsopolipus amaraceus Tajodin

and Hajiqanbar sp. nov. is described and compared with the

most closely related species. In addition, keys to world

species of all stages of the acanthomus group are provided,

and the host range of all representatives of the group is

discussed.

Keywords Mite � Insect � Parasite � Carabidae �Heterostigmatina

Introduction

Predator and parasitic mites are among the arthropod nat-

ural enemies of insects. One of the beneficial mite families

is Podapolipidae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Heterostigmati-

na), whose members are constant external and rarely

internal parasites of several insect orders including

Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Orthoptera and par-

ticularly Coleoptera (Gerson et al. 2003; Husband and Li

1993; Hajiqanbar and Joharchi 2011). Some species are

associated with important agricultural pest insects; for

example, Chrysomelobia labidomerae Eickwort on Labi-

domera clivicollis (Kirby) (Milkweed leaf beetle), Cocci-

polipus epilachnae Smiley on Epilachna varivestis Mulsant

(Mexican bean beetle) and Podapolipoides alatus Husband

on Chortoicetes terminifera Walker (Australian plague

locust).

Most of the podapolipid genera exhibit host specificity,

for example, four genera are confined to beetles of the

family Carabidae (Insecta; Coleoptera). These genera are

Eutarsopolipus Berlese 1911, Dorsipes Regenfuss 1968,

Regenpolipus Husband 1986 and Ovacarus Stannard &

Vaishampayan 1970; among them, the genus Eutarsopoli-

pus is the most frequent, with 61 species classified in 14

groups (Hajiqanbar and Mortazavi 2012).

During a comprehensive survey of the parasitic mites on

insects in Iran, a new species of the genus Eutarsopolipus

belonging to the acanthomus species group was found on a

carabid beetle. This article describes this new species,

compares it with the most closely related species, provides

keys to world species of all stages of the acanthomus group

and discusses the host range of the group.

Materials and methods

A mite colony was collected from one specimen of the

carabid beetle Amara (s.str.) aenea (De Geer, 1774)

(Insecta: Coleoptera). The host beetle was captured from

cow dung in Freydon-shahr City, Isfahan Province, central

Iran. Mites were removed from under the elytra of the host,

cleared in lactophenol and mounted in Hoyer’s medium.

Morphology of the mites was studied using a light micro-

scope (Olympus BX51) equipped with phase contrast. All

measurements in the descriptions are given in micrometers

for the holotype and, if available, for five paratypes (in

M. Tajodin � H. Hajiqanbar (&) � A. A. Talebi

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture,

Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336, Tehran, Iran

e-mail: [email protected]

123

Appl Entomol Zool (2014) 49:109–117

DOI 10.1007/s13355-013-0230-2

parentheses). Setae that are no longer than the diameters of

setal acetabulae are listed as microsetae (m), and setae with

only acetabulae and no setal remnants are listed as vestigial

setae (v). The terminology is based on Lindquist (1986).

The host beetle was identified with the help of Dr. Alex-

andr Anichtchenko (Latvia). The description of the

acanthomus species group was accomplished using the

references listed in Table 2 and also examination of Eu-

tarsoplipus acinopi and Eu. amaraceus sp. nov.

Systematics

Family Podapolipidae Ewing, 1922

Genus Eutarsopolipus Berlese, 1913

Acanthomus species group

Diagnosis

Adult female Gnathosomal capsule almost oval in dorsal

aspect; cheliceral stylet length 31–98; pharynx almost

circular; palpi conspicuous. Idiosoma: Usually oval;

respiratory system well developed; stigmata slightly

stalked at anterolateral margins of prodorsum. Idiosomal

dorsum with 4 or 5 plates; prodorsal plate sclerotised, with

4 pairs of setae (v1, v2, sc1 and sc2), v2 vestigial; tergite C

oblong with 2 pairs of setae (c1 and c2); tergite D with 1

pair of seta (d) and 1 pair of cupuli ia in some species;

tergite EF with 1 pair of setae (e) and 1 pair of cupuli im in

some species; tergite H indiscernible, sometimes with a

single pair of seta h. Idiosomal venter with apodemes I and

II well developed; coxal areas I and II each bearing 1 pair

of setae 1a and 2a, respectively; coxae III separated from

another coxal fields; coxal field III with 2 pairs of setae

(3a and 3b). Legs: leg I slightly thicker than other legs;

setal formula (number of solenidia in parentheses): 0-3-2-

5/6(1)-6/7/8(1); ambulacrum I with 1 large claw; tarsus

with seta pl0 spine-like; femur I seta l0 15-17. Leg II setal

formula: 0-0-1-4-4/5/6(1); ambulacrum II without claw;

tarsus with 2 spine-like setae tc00 and u0, solenidion xpresent. Leg III setal formula: 0-0-1-4-4/5/6; ambulacrum

III without claw; tarsus with 2 spine-like setae tc00 and u0.Adult male Characters similar in adult female except

tergites C and D fused (CD) with 3 pairs of setae (c1, c2 and

d) and 1 pair of cupuli ia; tergite H indiscernible; genital

capsule trapezoidal with regular borders. Legs: ambula-

crum I with 1 claw; femur I seta l0\ 5.

Larval female As in adult female except for tergites C

and D coalesced; tergite H reduced, with 2 pairs of setae

(h1, h2). Ventral setae (1a, 2a, 3b) lancet-shaped in most

species. Legs: ambulacrum I with 1 bifid claw; femur I seta

l0\ 5.

Eutarsopolipus amaraceus Tajodin and Hajiqanbar sp.

nov.

Type material Holotype female (no. MT20120808-1) found

in Damaneh City, Freydon-shahr, Isfahan Province, cent-

eral Iran, (33�01096 N, 50�44083E) detached from basal

hindwings of Amara (s.str.) aenea (De Geer, 1774)

(Coleoptera: Carabidae), collected by Mohammad Tajodin,

8 August 2012, deposited in the Acarological Collection,

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat

Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Paratypes include 4

adult females, 4 males and 5 larval females with the same

collection data as the holotype. 1 larval female

(MT20120808-2); 1 male (MT20120808-3) and 1 adult

female (MT20120808-4) are deposited in the US National

Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA. The

balance of the paratypes and the beetle host is deposited

with the holotype.

Etymology: The new species is named for the genus

name of the carabid host beetle.

Description (Figs. 1–18)

Adult female (Figs. 1–5 and 16)

Gnathosoma length 49 (47–50), width 40 (41–43);

gnathosomal capsule almost triangular in dorsal aspect;

cheliceral stylets robust, length 24 (16–26); pharynx almost

circular and well developed, length 15 (14–15), width 14

(13–14); cheliceral seta ch1 16 (16–18); subcapitulum with

subcapitular seta su 9 (8–9), ch1 almost twice longer than

su; distance between gnathosomal setae: ch1-ch1 23

(25–25), su–su 16 (18–20). Idiosoma oval, milky white

when alive; stigmata slightly stalked and distinct at anter-

olateral margins of prodorsal plate, associated with well-

developed trachea. Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 1) length 368

(337–359), width 275 (228–259), length of prodorsal

plate 100 (96–105), width 193 (176–183); prodorsal plate

sclerotised, setae v1 and sc1 microsetae, setae v2 vestigial;

length of tergite C 63 (64–67), width 212 (214–217), setae

c2 microsetae; length of tergite D 50 (50–51), width 205

(192–196); length of tergite EF 43 (48–50), width 142

(144–147); setae h absent; all dorsal setae smooth and

pointed; length of dorsal setae: sc2 58 (57–59), c1 8 (8–10),

d 7 (7–9), e 4 (5–5); distances between dorsal setae: v1–v1

54 (50–53), v2–v2 65 (60–64),sc1–sc1 79 (73–77), sc2–sc2

96 (91–98), c1–c1 97 (95–99), c1–c2 42 (42–44), c2–c2 181

(179–184), d–d 138 (128–140), e–e 112 (105–109). Idios-

omal venter (Figs. 2, 16) with apodemes I (ap1) and II

(ap2) developed and reaching to presternal apodeme

(appr); coxal fields I and II with 1 pair of smooth and

pointed setae 1a 5 (5–6) and 2a 6 (5–6), respectively;

remnants of vestigial setae 1b and 2b visible; coxae III

separated from each other and from coxae II; coxal fields

III with 2 pairs of smooth and pointed setae 3a 6 (6–7),

3b 6 (5–7). Legs: leg I (Fig. 3) thicker than other legs; setal

110 Appl Entomol Zool (2014) 49:109–117

123

formula: 0-3-2-6(1)-7(1); tarsus with 2 distinct blunt-ended

eupathidial setae tc0 and tc00, solenidion x 3 (3–3) short and

digitiform, seta pv0 short and less than twice as long as s,

seta ft00 absent; tibia with eupathidium k 3 (3–4), seta

d longer than other leg setae, setae v0, l0 and l00 subequal and

shorter than v00, solenidion u 5 (5–6) prominent and digi-

tiform; genu with setae l0 longer than l00; femur with thick

seta l0 15 (14–16), seta d microseta. Leg II (Fig. 4) setal

formula: 0-0-1-4-5(1); solenidion x 3 (3–3) prominent and

digitiform; tarsal setae pv0 and pl00 subequal; tibia with 4

simple setae, setae v0 and d subequal and longer than l0. Leg

III (Fig. 5) setal formula: 0-0-1-4-6; setae pv0 and pv00

subequal and shorter than tc0; tibia with setae l0 and v00

subequal, seta v0 longer than other leg setae.

Male (Figs. 6–10, 17)

Gnathosoma length 27 (27–31), width 26 (24–26), dorsally

with 1 pair of cheliceral seta ch1 8 (8–8) and ventrally with

1 pair of subcapitular seta su 4 (5–5); cheliceral stylets 13

(15–16); pharynx round, length 9 (8–8), width 7 (6–7);

distances between gnathosomal setae: ch1–ch1 16 (16–17),

su–su 11 (12–13). Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 6) length 153

(142–155), width 99 (117–119); length of prodorsal

Figs. 1, 2 Eutarsopolipus

amaraceus sp. nov., adult

female. 1 Dorsal view. 2 Ventral

view. Scale-bars 1, 2, 100 lm

Figs. 3–5 Eutarsopolipus

amaraceus sp. nov., adult

female. Legs I–III Scale-bars

20 lm

Appl Entomol Zool (2014) 49:109–117 111

123

plate 56 (55–59), width 91 (98–99); prodorsal plate (PrS)

as in adult female except setae sc2 35 (36–37) tapered;

length of tergite CD 55 (63–64), width 98 (117–119), with

3 pairs of microsetae (c1, c2 and d) and 1 pair of cupuli ia;

length of tergite EF 22 (20–23), width 37 (40–41), with

only 1 pair of microsetae (e) and 1 pair of cupuli im;

trapezoidal genital capsule placed in postero-dorsal of id-

iosoma and covered by tergite EF. Length of genital cap-

sule 16 (19–20), width 23 (28–29); distances between

dorsal setae: v1–v1 18 (20–21), v2–v2 34 (33–34), sc1–sc1

44 (43–44), sc2–sc2 45 (43–44), c1–c1 57 (57–58), c1–c2 13

(17–19), c2–c2 88 (91–95), d–d 43 (42–43), e–e 26 (27–28).

Idiosomal venter (Figs. 7, 17) as in adult female except

coxal field III with 1 pairs of microsetae (3a); length of

ventral setae: 1a 2 (2–3), 2a 3 (3–3), 3b 3 (3–3). Legs

(Figs. 8–10) as in adult female except genu I setae l0 and l00

subequal; femur I seta l0 2 (2–2); leg II setal formula: 0-0-

1-4-6(1), tarsus II with seta pv00; tibia II seta d longer than

width of the segment.

Larval female (Figs. 11–15, 18)

Gnathosoma length 28 (27–29), width 24 (23–26); dorsally

with 1 pair of cheliceral seta ch1 20 (18–19) and ventrally

with 1 pair of subcapitular seta su 6 (5–6); cheliceral stylets

16 (16–18); pharynx length 10 (10–10), width 7 (6–7);

distances between gnathosomal setae: ch1–ch1 18 (17–18),

su–su 9 (10–11). Idiosomal dorsum (Fig. 11) oval, length

150 (151–162), width 96 (95–105); prodorsal plate (PrS)

length 67 (64–66), width 79 (74–89), subtrapezoid, wider


amaraceus sp. nov., male. 6Dorsal view. 7 Ventral view. 8–

10 Legs I–III, respectively,

dorsal view. Scale-bars 6, 7,

50 lm; 8–10, 20 lm


123

than long, with 1 pair of setae (sc2), 2 pairs of microsetae

(v1, sc1) and 1 pair of vestigial setae (v2); tergite C fused

with tergite D, seta c2 microseta; tergite EF oval; tergite H

reduced, setae h1 and h2 located in posteroventral of idio-

soma, seta h1 more than 9 times as long as h2; length of

dorsal setae: sc2 104 (105–105), c1 11 (10-11), d 7 (7–7),

e 7 (7–7), h1 149 (162–178), h2 15 (16–18); distances

between dorsal setae: v1–v1 15 (17–18), v2–v2 35 (37–38),

sc1–sc1 48 (49–50), sc2–sc2 53 (50–53), c1–c1 48 (46–49),

c2–c2 86 (85–96), d–d 34 (31–32), e–e 32 (28–30), h1–h1

11 (12–12), h2–h2 16 (15–17). Idiosomal venter (Figs. 12,

18) as in adult female except setae 1a, 2a and 3b modified,

lancet-shaped; setae 3a setiform; length of ventral setae:

1a 5 (4–5), 2a 4 (4–5), 3a 7 (7–7), 3b 5 (5–5). Legs

(Figs. 13–15) as in adult female except ambulacrum I with

1 bifid claw; genu I setae l0 and l00 subequal; femur I seta l0

2 (2–2); leg II setal formula: 0-0-1-4-6(1), tarsus II with

seta pv00 and solenidion x 2 (2–3); tibia II setae v0, v00 and

d longer than width of the segment; tibia III setae v00 and

d longer than width of the segment.

Differential diagnosis

The new species is most similar to Eutarsopolipus diac-

heilae Eidelberg 1994 and E. capowayensis Husband and

Husband 1996. The adult female of the new species differs

from that of E. diacheilae in setae c1 twice as long as setae

e (setae c1 more than 2 times longer than setae e in E. di-

acheilae); setae sc2 59 (setae sc2 36 in E. diacheilae). The

male of the new species differs from that of E. diacheilae

in longer setae sc2 (37 vs. 23), setae 1a and 2a 3 (setae


amaraceus sp. nov., larval

female. 11 Dorsal view. 12Ventral view. 13–15 Legs I–III,

respectively, dorsal view. Scale-

bars 11, 12, 50 lm; 13–15,

20 lm


123

1a and 2a vestigial in E. diacheilae), setae 3b 3 (setae

3b microsetae in E. diacheilae). The larval female of the

new species differs from that of E. diacheilae in longer

setae sc2 (105 vs. 80), shorter distance setae d–d (34 vs. 45)

and shorter setae 3b (5 vs. 8). The adult females of the new

species differ from those of E. capowayensis in shorter

cheliceral stylets (26 vs. 36), setae v2 vestigial (v2 mi-

crosetae in E. capowayensis), shorter setae c1 (10 vs. 14)

and shorter setae 2a (6 vs. 10). The males of the new

species differ from males of E. capowayensis in the longer

setae ch1 8 and sc2 35–37 (shorter setae ch1 1–4 and sc2

20–33 in E. capowayensis), 3a microsetae (setae 3a 1 in E.

capowayensis). The larval females of the new species also

differ from larvae of E. capowayensis in smaller gnatho-

soma (length 28–29, width 23–26) and shorter cheliceral

Figs. 16–18 Eutarsopolipus amaraceus sp. nov. 16 Adult female, ventral aspect of gnathosoma and coxal regions I–II. 17 Male, ventral aspect.

18 Larval female, ventral aspect

Table 1 Comparison of selected maximum measurements of Eu-

tarsopolipus amaraceus sp. nov. (Ea), E. diacheilae (Ed), E. capo-

wayensis (Ec), E. bembidii (Eb), E. acinopi (Eac) and E. harpali (Eh).

Setae designated as microsetae (m) are no longer than the diameters

of setal acetabulae and setae designated as vestigial (v) are repre-

sented by only acetabulae and no setal remnants

Character Ea Ed Ec Eb Eac Eh

Adult female

Idiosoma length 368 530 415 508 501 294

Idiosoma width 275 400 390 389 363 263

Cheliceral stylet 26 29 36 34 40 43

Seta v1/v2 m/v m m v m/v m/v

Seta sc2 59 36 54 28 67 41

Seta c1 10 13 14 6 10 9

Seta d 9 11 11 9 10 10

Seta e 5 4 6 4 9 9

Seta 1a 6 4 8 2 7 6

Seta 2a 6 5 10 4 8 6

Adult male

Idiosoma length 155 *219 198 126 188 139

Idiosoma width 119 *145 141 103 118 95


Seta su 5 3 4 2 6 5

Seta sc2 37 23 33 5 59 37

Seta 1a 3 v 2 2 4 2

Seta 2a 3 v 2 4 5 3

Seta 3a m v m v 5 3

Seta 3b 3 m 2 5 6 4

Larval female

Idiosoma length 162 187 218 151 178 153

Idiosoma width 105 145 142 101 112 94


Table 1 continued

Character Ea Ed Ec Eb Eac Eh

Seta ch 20 22 19 25 32 20

Seta su 6 5 9 2 9 8

Seta v1/v2 m/v v m v m/v m/v

Seta sc2 105 80 127 59 *138 *116

Seta c1 11 11 12 6 15 9

Distance setae c1–c1 49 *44 60 42 51 38

Seta d 7 8 9 5 16 8

Distance setae d–d 34 *45 – 28 29 24

Seta e 7 7 9 8 10 9

Seta 1a 5 6 5 6 9 7

Seta 2a 5 7 5 5 10 8

Seta 3a 7 6 7 8 13 9

Seta 3b 5 8 7 5 11 9


123

stylets (16–18) (gnathosomal length 42–47, width 35–41

and cheliceral stylets 32–33 in E. capowayensis). The

comparative measurements of the above Eutarsopolipus

spp. and some congeners located in adjacent countries are

summarized in Table 1.

Key to adult females in the acanthomus species group

of Eutarsopolipus

1. Setae h present …………………………………… 2

- Setae h absent …………………………………… 8

2. Setae 3a and 3b absent …………………………… 3

- Setae 3a and 3b present ………………………… 4

3. Setae 1a and 2a neighbor apodemes I and II; setae

2a near trochanter II than medial apodeme; setae sc2

short and not protruding posterior margin of PrS

plate, setae h tiny …………………… E. pseudopus

- Setae 1a and 2a apart from apodemes I and II; setae

2a near medial apodeme than trochanter II; setae sc2

long and protruding posterior margin of PrS plate,

setae h [ d……………………………… E. porteri

4. Setae 1a and 2a apart from apodemes I and II; setae

sc2 long and clearly protruding posterior margin of

PrS plate ………………………………………… 5

- Setae 1a and 2a neighbor apodemes I and II; setae

1a and 2a near trochanter I and II than medial

apodeme; end of the sc2 hardly is tangent posterior

margin PrS plate …………………… E. elongatus

5. Length sc2 normal (30–65) ……………………… 6

- Length sc2 about twice other species (84–98), other

setae ch1, d, e and h also longer than other

species ………………………………… E. rackae

6. Setae c1, d and e subequal (8–10) ……………… 7

- Setae d and e subequal and shorter than c1 (c1 9, d 6,

e 5) ………………………………… E. acanthomus

7. Setae sc2 63–67, ch1 29–34 …………… E. acinopi

- Setae sc2 36–41, ch1 18–20 …………… E. harpali

8. Setae 3a and 3b absent …………………………… 9

- Setae 3a and 3b present ……………………… 11

9. Setae 1a and 2a neighbor apodemes I and II, short

(2-4) and thick; setae sc2 short and not protruding

posterior margin of PrS plate ………… E. bembidii

- Setae 1a and 2a apart from apodemes I and II … 10

10. Setae 1a and 2a long and thin that tangent with

sternal apodem ………………………… E. alarum

- Setae 1a and 2a short and thick that no cross to sternal

apodem ………………………………… E. assimilis

11. Setae 1a and 2a apart from apodemes I and II …… 12

- Setae 1a and 2a neighbor apodemes I and II, lancet-

shaped and short …………………… E. crassisetus

12. Setae 1a, 2a, 3a and 3a subequal……………… 13

- Setae 1a, 2a and 3b subequal but 3a half as long as

3b …………………………………E. capowayensis

13. long c1 C 3 e, sc2 36………………… E. diacheilae

- 2 e B c1 \ 3 e, sc2 58 …… E. amaraceus sp. nov.

Key to larval females in the acanthomus species group

of Eutarsopolipus

1. Setae 1a and 2a neighbor or on apodemes I and II…2

- Setae 1a and 2a apart from apodemes I and II … 5

2. Setae 1a, 2a and 3b pointed……………………… 3

- Setae 1a, 2a and 3b blunt-ended …… E. elongatus

3. Setae 1a, 2a and 3b lancet-shaped (fusiform) or base

thick but 3a setiform; 3a[3b …………………… 4

- Setae 1a, 2a, 3b and 3a lancet-shaped and thick;

3a \ 3b ……………………………… E. pseudopus

4. Setae 1a, 2a lancet-shaped; cheliceral stylets

37 …………………………………… E. crassisetus

- Setae 1a, 2a base thick (stout); cheliceral stylets

19 ……………………………………… E. bembidii

5. Setae 1a, 2a and 3b setiform or base thick ……… 6

- Setae 1a, 2a and 3b lancet-shaped (fusiform) …… 8

6. Setae 1a, 2a base thick; 3a C 3b………………… 7

- Setae 1a, 2a thin; 3a \ 3b ………… E. diacheilae

7. Setae c1 and d base thick (14–16); cheliceral stylets

30–32 …………………………………… E. acinopi

- Setae c1 and d base thin (8–9); cheliceral stylets

21–24…………………………………… E. harpali

8. Cheliceral stylets twice length other species (50–60)

………………………………………… E. rackae

- Cheliceral stylets length normal \40 …………… 9

9. Setae c1 and d setiform; c1 \ 13 ……………… 10

- Setae c1 and d lancet-shaped (fusiform); c1 C

13 ……………………………………… E. porteri

10. Gnathosoma length B30; width B26; cheliceral

stylets B24……………………………………… 11

- Gnathosoma length[35; width C27; cheliceral stylets

C32 ……………………………………………… 12

11. Gnathosoma length 30, width 26; cheliceral stylets

24 ……………………………………… E. alarum

- Gnathosoma length 27–29, width 23–24; cheliceral

stylets 20–22; length h1 = 10 h2E. amaraceus sp. nov.

12. Gnathosoma length 36, width 27; length h1 =

12 h2 ……………………………… E. acanthomus

- Gnathosoma length 42–47, width 35–41; length

h1 = 10 h2 …………………………E. capowayensis


123

Key to males in the acanthomus species group

of Eutarsopolipus

1. Setae c1 and d setiform …………………………… 2

- Setae c1 and d microsetae………………………… 3

2. c1 and d = 5–6; sc2 59………………… E. acinopi

- c1 and d = 4; sc2 37 …………………… E. harpali

3. 1a and 2a present ………………………………… 4

- 1a and 2a absent …………………… E. diacheilae

4. 1a and 2a setiform ……………………………… 5

- 1a and 2a microsetae ……………… E. pseudopus

5. 3a and 3b setiform or microsetae………………… 6

- 3a microsetae; 3b setiform ……………………… 7

6. 3a and 3a setiform (3) ………………… E. rackae

- 3a and 3b microsetae ………………… E. porteri

7. 1a, 2a and 3b subequal; sc2 C20………………… 8

- 1a \ 2a \ 3b; sc2 short (5) …………… E. bembidii

8. sc2 20–23; ch1 1–4 ………………E. capowayensis

- sc2 35–37; ch1 8 ………… E. amaraceus sp. nov.

Table 2 Hosts and distribution of all known species of the acanthomus species group

Mite species Host carabid beetle Locality References

Eutarsopolipus acanthomus

Regenfuss, 1968

Broscus cephalotes (L.), B. semistriatus (Dejean) Germany, Poland,

Ukraine

Regenfuss (1968), Haitlinger

(1985), Eidelberg (1994a)

Eutarsopolipus alarum

Regenfuss, 1968

Amara (Bradytus) consularis Duftschmid Germany, Ukraine Regenfuss (1968), Eidelberg

(1994b)

Eutarsopolipus assimilis

Regenfuss, 1968

Amara (Amara) similata Gyllenhal Germany, Ukraine Regenfuss (1968), Eidelberg

(1994b)

Eutarsopolipus crassisetus

Regenfuss, 1968

Amara (Amara) eurynota (Panzer), Amara (Amara)

convexa LeConte, Amara (Amara) similata

Germany, USA

(Michigan), Ukraine,

Russia

Regenfuss (1968), Husband

(1993), Eidelberg (1994b)

Eutarsopolipus elongatus

Regenfuss, 1968

Amara (Amara) aenea DeGeer, Amara (Amara)

littorea Thomson

Germany, Ukraine Regenfuss (1968), Eidelberg

(1994b)

Eutarsopolipus pseudopus

Regenfuss, 1974

Stenolophus (Egadroma) smaragdulus (Fabricius) Guadalcanal (Solomon

Island)

Regenfuss (1974)

Eutarsopolipus porteri

Husband, 1993

Harpalus (Harpalus) herbivagus Say USA (Michigan) Husband (1993)

Eutarsopolipus bembidii

Eidelberg and Husband, 1993

Bembidion (Ocydromus) saxatile Gyllenhal Ukraine Eidelberg and Husband

(1993)

Eutarsopolipus diacheilae,

Eidelberg, 1994

Diacheila polita Faldermann Russia Eidelberg (1994a)

Eutarsopolipus capowayensis

Husband and Husband, 1996

Amara (Celia) californica Dejean USA (California) Husband and Husband (1996)

Eutarsopolipus rackae

Husband, 1998

Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) caliginosus

(Fabricius), Harpalus sp.

USA (Kansas,

Wyoming)

Husband (1998)

Eutarsopolipus harpali

Khaustov and Husband, 2004

Harpalus (Harpalus) smaragdinus Duftschmid Ukraine Khaustov and Husband

(2004)

Eutarsopolipus acinopi

Khaustov and Husband, 2004

Acinopus (Acinopus) picipes (Olivier), Acinopus

(Acinopus) laevigatus Menetries

Ukraine, Iran Khaustov and Husband

(2004), Hajiqanbar et al.

(2008)

E. amaraceus Tajodin and

Hajiqanbar sp. nov.

Amara (Amara) aenea Iran Current study

Table 3 Host preference of mites of the acanthomus species group of the genus Eutarsopolipus on carabid genera and subfamilies

Subfamily Tribe Genus Parasitism of genus (%) Parasitism of subfamily (%)

Pterostichinae Zabrini Amara 45 45

Harpalinae Harpalini Harpalus 20 35

Acinopus 10

Stenolophus 5

Broscinae Broscini Broscus 10 10

Trechinae Bembidiini Bembidion 5 5

Elaphrinae Elaphrini Diacheila 5 5


123

Discussion

The acanthomus species group of the genus Eutarsopolipus

now includes 14 species (Table 2). The 62 species of the

genus Eutarsopolipus are classified in 14 species groups as

follows: myzus (16 species), acanthomus (14), biunguis

(10), pterostichi (8), ochoai (4), desani (2) and brettae,

stammeri, lukoschusi, leytei, megacheli, secundus, crassi-

ceps and lagenaformis each with only 1 species. Except

one species, E. pseudopus inhabiting the Australasian

realm, mites of the acanthomus group are distributed in

Palaearctic and Nearctic regions.

The acanthomus group parasitizes seven host carabid

genera (Table 3), among which the genus Amara harbors

about 45 % of the group. This carabid genus is also para-

sitized by all representatives of the inflatus species group of

the genus Dorsipes and one species of the genus Ovacarus

(Kurosa and Husband 2002; Hajiqanbar et al. 2007). In

addition, the carabid genera Harpalus and Stenolophus are

exploited by other species groups of Eutarsopolipus:

E. fischeri Husband 1998 (from the pterostichi group)

ectoparasite of Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) in the

USA; E. elzingai Husband 1998 ectoparasite of Stenolo-

phus spp. in the USA and southern Canada, and E. brevi-

chelus Husband and Husband 2003 (both from the biunguis

group) ectoparasite of Stenolophus spp. in the USA and

Canada.

Some species of the acanthomus group show synhospi-

tality, parasitizing a single host species by more than one

mite species: Eutarsopolipus assimilis and E. crassisetus

parasitise Amara similata; and E. elongatus and E. amarac-

eus sp. nov. exploit Amara aenea. Five species exhibit

polyxeny, i.e., one mite species feeds on more than one host

species, for example, E. acanthomus parasitizes Broscus

cephalotes and B. semistriatus. Other members of the

acanthomus species group are monoxenous (see Table 2).

Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. A. Anichtchenko (Insti-

tute of Systematic Biology, Daugavpils University, Latvia) for help

with identifying the host beetle of the mites.

References

Eidelberg MM (1994a) A new and little-know mite species of the

genus Eutarsopolipus (Tarsonemina: Podapolipidae) from cara-

bid beetles. Vestn Zool 3:25–32

Eidelberg MM (1994b) Mites of the family Podapolipidae (Hetero-

stigmata, Tarsonemina) of Ukraine and adjacent areas with

description of a new species. Vestn Zool 1:37–43

Eidelberg MM, Husband RW (1993) A new species of Eutarsopolipus

(Acari: Podapolipidae) from Bembidion saxtile (Coleoptera:

Carabidae). Int J Acarol 19:267–272

Gerson U, Smiley RL, Ochoa R (2003) Mites (Acari) for pest control.

Blackwell Science Ltd, London, p 425

Haitlinger R (1985) Roztocze (Acari: Podapolipidae, Parasitidae,

Eviphididae, Macrochelidae, Ascidae) nowe lub rzadkie dla

fauny Polski, zebrane z chrzaszczy (Coleoptera) i gryzoni

(Rodentia). Pol Pismo Entomol 55:611–614

Hajiqanbar H, Joharchi O (2011) World distribution and host range of

Podapolipoides spp. (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Podapolipidae),

with the description of a new species. Syst Parasitol 78:151–162

Hajiqanbar H, Mortazavi A (2012) First record of the myzus species

group (Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus Berlese, 1911)

from Asia, with the description of two new species parasitising

carabid beetles. Syst Parasitol 83(3):189–202

Hajiqanbar H, Husband RW, Kamali K, Saboori A, Kamali H (2007)

Ovacarus longisetosus n. sp. (Acari: Podapolipidae) from Amara

(Paracelia) saxicola Zimm. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and new

records of Coccipolipus, Dorsipes, Eutarsopolipus and Tarso-

polipus from Iran. Internat J Acarol 33:241–244

Hajiqanbar H, Kamali K, Husband RW (2008) Review of the parasitic

mites of the family Podapolipidae (Acari: Prostigmata) in Iran.

In: Manzari S (ed) Proceedings of 18th Iranian Plant Protection

Congress. Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, p 251

Husband RW (1993) A new Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Podapolipidae);

parasite of Harpalus herbivagus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from

Michigan. Great Lakes Entomol 26:1–14

Husband RW (1998) New species of Eutarsopolipus (Acari: Pod-

apolipidae) from Harpalus caliginosus (F.) and Agonodorus

comma (F.) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Kansas and Wyoming,

U.S.A. Entomol Mitt Zool Mus Hamburg 12:255–264

Husband RW, Husband DO (1996) A new species of Eutarsopolipus

(Acari: Podapolipidae) from Amara californica Dejean (Cole-

optera: Carabidae) from California. Proc Entomol Soc Wash

98:465–470

Husband RW, Li Y (1993) New Podapolipidae (Acari) from South

America associated with Macrophophora spp. (Cerambycidae),

and a new genus associated with Orthoptera and Blattodea in the

western Pacific region. Int J Acarol 19(3):287–300

Khaustov AA, Husband RW (2004) Two new species of Eutarsopol-

ipus Berlese (Acari: Podapolipidae) from Harpalus smaragdinus

and Acinopus picipes (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Ukraine. Int

J Acarol 30(1):25–32

Kurosa K, Husband RW (2002) A new species of Dorsipes (Acari:

Podapolipidae), ectoparasite of Amara gigantea (Coleoptera:

Carabidae) from Japan. Int J Acarol 28:147–155

Lindquist EE (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari:

Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic, and systematic

revision with reclassification of family group taxa in Hetero-

stigmata. Mem Ent Soc Canada 136:1–517

Regenfuss H (1968) Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Systematik

und Oekologie der Podapolipidae (Acarina: Tarsonemini).

Zeitsch f Wiss Zool 177:184–281

Regenfuss H (1974) Neue ektoparasitische Arten der Familie

Podapolipidae (Acari: Tarsonemina) von Carabiden. Mitt Ham-

burg Zool Mus Inst 71:147–163


123

A new species description of the acanthomus species group (Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus),...

Documents

Transcript of A new species description of the acanthomus species group (Acari: Podapolipidae: Eutarsopolipus),...