A New Kind of Revolution
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Transcript of A New Kind of Revolution
CHAPTER 21 SECTION 1
A New Kind of Revolution
Key Terms
Industrial RevolutionEnclosure movementFactors of productionCottage industryFactoryIndustrialization
Jethro TullRichard ArkwrightJames WattRobert Fulton
A Revolution in Great Britain
Humans and animals were main energy source
People began to develop water and steam power
Industrial Revolution-the era when the use of power driven machines was developed
Factors for Success
Exploration and colonization-provided raw materials such as cotton and fiber Colonies became new
markets Sea power brings in
raw material and send out manufactured goods because of strong navy
Factors of Success
Political stability-1700’s at home the country was a peace, commerce thrived
Government support-Parliament passed laws that favored business
Growth of private investment-private funding for research and development
Agricultural Factors
Most of research took place on farms
Jethro Tull-1701 invented the seed drill made planting grain
more efficientImproved livestock
breedingPotatoes were
developed
Agricultural Factors
Increased food supplyPopulation grewWealthy landowners
combined fields to create large farms
Enclosure development-the fencing in of large farms
Threw countless farmers of their fields
Moved to the city for jobs
Britain’s Big Advantage
Factors of productions-land, labor and capitol
Land- means all of place’s natural resources Coal to burn as fuel Iron to make steel Water was the most
important Streams and rivers
turned waterwheels and generated power
Britain’s Big Advantage
Waterways provided transportation between mines, factories and markets
Mid 1700’s had 1000 miles of canals
Grew to 4,000 by 1800
Deep water ports for long distance shipping
Britain’s Big Advantage
Labor- had a growing population
Thousands lost their farmland
Entire families would go to work in an industry
Capitol-funds investment for business People with money to
spend People with skills inventors
A Revolution in Textiles
Began with textile industry
Cottage industry- a craft occupation performed at home
Industrialization-the process of changing to power driven machinery
A New Way to Make Cloth
Most fabric made of wool or cotton
Wool increased because of enclosure movement
Shipments of cotton came from the colonies
Slave labor made cotton farming more profitable
Great Britain bought more American cotton
A New Way of Making Cloth
Pulling seed from cotton by hand was time consuming
Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (machine)
Fiber was then spun into yarn
James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny
A New Way of Making Cloth
James Arkwright- made a machine that spun stronger, thinner thread
Thread woven into fabric
Use to be done a t home
Power Loom-larger faster weaving system
Cloth-making in Factories
New weavers too big for the home
Factory- a building that houses industrial machines
Needed supplies of power
Arkwright built the water frame spinning system
Went from 50,000 bolts of cloth to 400,000 in thirty years
Steam Powers the Revolution
1712 first steam engine
1800 - 500 of James Watts machines
Put to use in textile industry
Factories did not have to be built near water
Located where there was fuel and workers
Steam Powers the Revolution
Steam used for transportation
Richard Trevithick- used steam power for a locomotive
Robert Fulton used it for a steamship
1807 Clermont operated on the Hudson River
Steamships replace sailing ships
Coal for British Steam Engines
Steam engines require a lot of fuel
Wood was scarceHad a large supply of
coalCoal mining grew as
steam power grew1800 Great Britain
produced 80% of Europe's coal
Coal for British Steam Engines
Factories built near coal mines
Towns grew as factories and homes were built
Miners families experienced tragedies Explosions Coal dust Collapsing shafts Hard labor Children slid down
narrow shafts to pick coal
Industrialization Spreads
Western Europe, Americas
Asia and Africa did not industrialize in the 1800’s
Industry and the West
Western countries individual freedom a significant force
People enjoyed political liberty
People could compete Western societies
competition as goodWealth and fame was
the reward
Industry and the West
Westerners exploited other countries to compete
Competed to improve inventions or processes
Industry Comes to America
Britain outlawed the export of certain machines
Forbid skilled craftsman from leaving the country
1760- 1830 Industrial Revolution mainly in Great Britain
Industry comes to the America
United States one of the first places to benefit from Industrialization
1791 Alexander Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury) Industrialization would
help the United States gain economic independence
Wanted government to bribe British citizens to brink knowledge to U.S.
Industry Comes to America
Samuel Slater came from Britain
Built a model of the water frame in Rhode Island
1793 built Slater’s Mill In Pawtucket Rhode island
Became the father of American industry
Industry Comes to America
Textile mill technology spreads
Lowell Massachusetts becomes the jewel of American Industry
Lowell’s mills were forty multistory buildings on a network of 6 miles of canals
Industry Comes to America
Lowell first all in one mill
Took raw cotton to fiber to finished cloth
Hired young single girls
Provided good wages and clean housing
10,000 workers employed by 1850
Industry Spreads to Europe
1807 William Cockerill founded a textile factory in Belgium
Political unrest delayed industrialization of France
1848 France becomes an industrial power
Treaties helped drop trade barriers
Industry in Asia
Although today Japan is one of the more industrialized nations
Took until 1868 for Industrial Revolution to take hold
Meiji government came to power modernized the country
Japan was ahead of its Asian neighbors