A new floristic atlas for the Southeast based on taxon concept relationships Robert K. Peet 1, Alan...
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Transcript of A new floristic atlas for the Southeast based on taxon concept relationships Robert K. Peet 1, Alan...
A new floristic atlas for A new floristic atlas for the Southeast based on the Southeast based on
taxon concept taxon concept relationshipsrelationships
Robert K. PeetRobert K. Peet11, Alan S. , Alan S. WeakleyWeakley1,21,2
& Xianhua Liu & Xianhua Liu1,31,3
1The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill2The North Carolina Botanical Garden
3National Evolutionary Synthesis Center
Radford, Ahles & Bell Radford, Ahles & Bell 19681968
Our History & TraditionOur History & Tradition
Why we need a new AtlasWhy we need a new Atlas
• New names New names • New taxon concepts (lumps & splits)New taxon concepts (lumps & splits)• New discoveriesNew discoveries• Taxa new to scienceTaxa new to science• New collections & overlooked New collections & overlooked collectionscollections• New data sources (Plots, Heritage lists)New data sources (Plots, Heritage lists)• New determinationsNew determinations
Challenges in creating a Challenges in creating a modern Southeastern floristic modern Southeastern floristic
atlasatlas1.1. Regional floras are generally obsolete and Regional floras are generally obsolete and
incomplete.incomplete.
2.2. Local atlases follow idiosyncratic Local atlases follow idiosyncratic taxonomies.taxonomies.
3.3. Few museum collections have been Few museum collections have been databased.databased.
4.4. Museum collections are rarely determined to Museum collections are rarely determined to concept.concept.
5.5. Floristic lists and ecological datasets with Floristic lists and ecological datasets with multiple taxonomic authorities and multiple taxonomic authorities and inconsistent taxonomic concepts have defied inconsistent taxonomic concepts have defied integration.integration.
Abies lasiocarpa
Abies bifolia
Abies lasiocarpa
sec.sec. Little Littlesec.sec. USDA PLANTS USDA PLANTS
sec.sec. Flora North America Flora North America
Three concepts of subalpine Three concepts of subalpine firfir
Splitting one species into two Splitting one species into two illustrates the ambiguity often illustrates the ambiguity often associated with scientific names.associated with scientific names.
USDA Plants & ITIS
Abies lasiocarpa
var. lasiocarpa
var. arizonica
One concept ofAbies lasiocarpa
Flora North America
Abies lasiocarpa
Abies bifolia
A narrow concept of Abies lasiocarpa
Partnership with USDA plants to provide plant concepts for data integration
High-elevation fir trees of High-elevation fir trees of western North Americawestern North America
AZ NM CO WY MT AB eBC wBC WA OR
Abies lasiocarpa
var. arizonica
Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa
Distribution
USDA - ITIS
Flora North America
Abies bifolia Abies lasiocarpa
Minimal concepts
A B C
Andropogon virginicusAndropogon virginicus complex in the complex in the CarolinasCarolinas
9 elemental units; 17 base concepts, 27 scientific names9 elemental units; 17 base concepts, 27 scientific names
The good news:The good news: • Multiple organizations are Multiple organizations are developing tools for concept use developing tools for concept use and integration. and integration.
The challenge:The challenge:• Few large-scale compilations of Few large-scale compilations of concepts and their relationships are concepts and their relationships are available.available.
Massive ImportMassive Import
• Scanned indices -- OCRScanned indices -- OCR
• Spreadsheets for preliminary concept Spreadsheets for preliminary concept documentationdocumentation
• Import into software tool for Import into software tool for managing concepts and relationshipsmanaging concepts and relationships
Concept mapper
SE floristic works mapped SE floristic works mapped
1.1. Weakley 2005. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Weakley 2005. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and Surrounding AreasSurrounding Areas
2.2. Small 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora Small 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora 3.3. Fernald 1950. Gray's manual of botanyFernald 1950. Gray's manual of botany4.4. Gleason 1952. Britton and Brown illustrated flora Gleason 1952. Britton and Brown illustrated flora 5.5. Radford, Ahles & Bell 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of Radford, Ahles & Bell 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of
the Carolinasthe Carolinas6.6. Gleason & Cronquist 1991. Manual of vascular plants of Gleason & Cronquist 1991. Manual of vascular plants of
northeastern United States and adjacent Canadanortheastern United States and adjacent Canada7.7. 1993-2005. Flora of North America north of Mexico1993-2005. Flora of North America north of Mexico8.8. Kartesz 1999. A synonymized checklist for the vascular flora Kartesz 1999. A synonymized checklist for the vascular flora
of the United States, Canada, and Greenlandof the United States, Canada, and Greenland9.9. Wofford 1989. Vascular Plants of the Blue Ridge Wofford 1989. Vascular Plants of the Blue Ridge 10.10.Godfrey & Wooton 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Godfrey & Wooton 1979. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of
Southeastern United StatesSoutheastern United States11.11.1980-1990. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States1980-1990. Vascular Flora of the Southeastern United States12.12. Recent monographs and revisions (>2000)Recent monographs and revisions (>2000)
Concept mapping progressConcept mapping progress
• ~ 65000 relationships of taxon ~ 65000 relationships of taxon concepts to Weakley 2005 conceptsconcepts to Weakley 2005 concepts
• Based on ~ 800 taxonomic Based on ~ 800 taxonomic references.references.
Toward a new AtlasToward a new Atlas
Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis, Radford et al. 1968, Radford et al. 1968
How to How to integrate integrate new new sources of sources of data??data??
http://herbarium.unc.edu/seflora/firstviewer.htm
Add dynamic access to NCU Add dynamic access to NCU collectioncollection
Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis
NCUNCU
RABRAB
Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis
NCUNCU
RABRAB
USDAUSDA
CVSCVS
Add USDA PLANTS records & Add USDA PLANTS records & CVS vegetation plot dataCVS vegetation plot data
But wait !!But wait !!There is a concept issueThere is a concept issue
• According to Radford 1968, USDA According to Radford 1968, USDA PLANTS v 4.0, & Weakley 2005PLANTS v 4.0, & Weakley 2005– Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis– Carya ovataCarya ovata
• According to Stone 1997 in FNAAccording to Stone 1997 in FNA– Carya ovata var australisCarya ovata var australis– Carya ovata var. ovataCarya ovata var. ovata
Carya carolinae-septentrionalisCarya carolinae-septentrionalis
Some nominal occurrences might Some nominal occurrences might or or might notmight not represent the taxon represent the taxon
All specimens of All specimens of Carya ovataCarya ovata must must be identified to nominal conceptsbe identified to nominal concepts
Consider Consider CleistesCleistes• Cleistes bifariaCleistes bifaria was split off was split off C. divaricataC. divaricata
after Radford et al. was published. after Radford et al. was published.
• Radford et al. records must be mapped Radford et al. records must be mapped as ambiguous.as ambiguous.
• Kartesz incorrectly maps all Kartesz incorrectly maps all CleistesCleistes in the Carolinas as in the Carolinas as C. divaricataC. divaricata owing to uncritical owing to uncritical import of records from Radford.import of records from Radford.
Data layersData layers• SpecimensSpecimens
– NCU (~8,0000 - nominal)NCU (~8,0000 - nominal)– NCSU (nominal)NCSU (nominal)– Weymouth Woods (~2000 - Weakley)Weymouth Woods (~2000 - Weakley)– UNCC (in process, ~43,000 - Weakley)UNCC (in process, ~43,000 - Weakley)
• High-quality databasesHigh-quality databases– Sorrie’s SE Costal Plain endemics Sorrie’s SE Costal Plain endemics
(Weakley)(Weakley)– NC Natural Heritage Program (Weakley)NC Natural Heritage Program (Weakley)– Harmon et al. 2006 West Virginia atlas (US)Harmon et al. 2006 West Virginia atlas (US)– Selected literature records (idiosyncratic)Selected literature records (idiosyncratic)
Data layers – 2 Data layers – 2 • Other databasesOther databases
– Radford et al. (Radford)Radford et al. (Radford)– USDA PLANTS (US) USDA PLANTS (US)
• Site recordsSite records– Carolina Vegetation Survey (~300,000)Carolina Vegetation Survey (~300,000)
• Total county records in database Total county records in database ~1,500,000~1,500,000
Specimens matching the nameSpecimens matching the name
• ..\..\New Folder\Snap32.jpg
Images matching the name
Community types with the concept
Link to Vegetation plots with the taxon
Design:Design:• Allow user to select date-specific Allow user to select date-specific
version of Weakley.version of Weakley.• Allow user to select a Weakley, Allow user to select a Weakley,
PLANTS, or FNA perspective (or PLANTS, or FNA perspective (or others?).others?).
Data needs:Data needs:• Map relationships to PLANTS v 4.0Map relationships to PLANTS v 4.0• Map relationships between PLANTS Map relationships between PLANTS
and FNAand FNA• Date-stamp changes in Weakley Date-stamp changes in Weakley • More distribution layers More distribution layers
Next steps?Next steps?
LinksLinksConceptMapperConceptMapper
http://152.2.14.231/conceptmapper/
Weakley floraWeakley florahttp://herbarium.unc.edu/flora.htm
NCU Atlas of the SE floraNCU Atlas of the SE florahttp://herbarium.unc.edu/seflora/firstviewer.htm
ThanksThanks NSF (SEEK, VegBank), NC Bot. GardenNSF (SEEK, VegBank), NC Bot. Garden