A multicultural city without segregation?...Venla Bernelius [email protected] Growing...
Transcript of A multicultural city without segregation?...Venla Bernelius [email protected] Growing...
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A multicultural city without
segregation?
The changing neighbourhoods
and schools in Helsinki
30.8.2013
Venla BerneliusAssistant [email protected] In -seminarThink Corner, 8.11.2019
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
What is the distance between
Kontula and Kaisaniemi?
Helsinki/Espoo metro line: the share of adults with a postgraduate
(Master’s) degree living within 500 m radius of each station
Kartta: Tommi Hautala
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Growing socio-spatial segregation in Finnish cities:
And the city of children is more divided than the
city of adults
Index of dissimilarity in school catchment areas of Helsinki 1995-2015, Bernelius & Vilkama 2019
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Growing differences affect school catchment
ares: differentiating student base
• The income differences between the
extreme ends of the neighbourhoods
are eightfold (Vilkama et al. 2014)
• The share of adults with academic
degree ranges from around two percent
to over 55 percent (Vilkama et al. 2014)
• This means that in the neighbourhood with
the highest share of adacemically
educated adults, their share is over 25
times higher compared to the
neighbourhood with the lowest level of
education.
• As home background is connected to
educational outcomes, the learning
differences in schools are large and
growing – the most recent PISA results
showed a 3-year gap in skills between
the lowest and highest 10 % of schools
Figures by Hertta Lehvävirta & Venla Bernelius
Average annual income
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Separate lives through different life domains
(Bernelius, Bergström, Sydänlammi 2018: Kvartti 4/18) see also van Ham & Tammaru 2016 on domains of segregation
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Yearly income in school catchment areas and daycare
unit neighbourhoods in Helsinki
(Bernelius, Bergström, Sydänlammi 2018)
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Residential decisions of families with
children: native families are attracted to the
wealthiest catchment areas
University/City of Helsinki
• Families evidently seek
to stabilize their
children’s school path in
the well-off school
catchment areas: these
areas are favoured in
residential decisions, and
after school age (7),
families seldom move
out
Netmobility (%) by age among the wealthiest
and most educated school catchment areas
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Growing catchment area and school
segregation through residential decisions:
avoidance of and flight from the disadvantaged
areas
University/City of Helsinki
• There is clear migrationloss or avoidance byfamilies with children out of those school cathcmentareas that are located in socially challengingneighbouhoods
• Segregation is constantlyreproduced and evenexacerbated throughavoidance and flightbehaviour
Netmobility (%) by age among the most
disadvantaged school catchment areas
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
Social and spatial processes in the local level and schools reflect European findings on mechanisms of urban and educational change: self-perpetuating circles of segregation
Venla Bernelius [email protected] Department of Geography and Geosciences
University/City of
Helsinki
Lauttasaari 86 %
Jakomäki 39 %
Nuorten hyvinvointikertomus 2018, Helsingin kaupunki
Share of 16-18-year-olds in the academic track of secondary education (lukio)
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
”There are two key issues that will do us in if we don’t do
something about it. They are climate change and inequality.
Neither are problems of the city – they are problems in the city.”
David Hulchanski 2017 (interview with Steve Paikin 15.5.2017)
Venla Bernelius [email protected]
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In Tove Janssons novel Sommarbok, a scared little
girl asks in the middle of the night:
"Are you sure that the door is locked?"
"It's open," answered her grandmother. "The door is
always open, and that's why you can sleep perfectly
safely."