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![Page 1: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of eachsubstance is not changed.
• Unlike pure substances, mixtures do not have specific compositions.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 2: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• A physical change is a change in matter that does not involve a change in the chemical identity of individual substances.
• Examples of physical changes include:
• boiling,
• freezing,
• melting,
• evaporating,
• dissolving,
• and crystallizing.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 3: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Physical properties are characteristics that a sample of matter exhibits without any change in its identity.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 4: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Examples of the physical properties of a chunk of matter include its:• solubility,• melting point,• boiling point,• color,• density,• electrical conductivity,• and physical state (solid, liquid, or gas).
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 5: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Homogeneous mixtures are the same throughout.
• Another name for a homogeneous mixture is solution.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
• Some solutions are gases. Air, for example, is a homogeneous mixture of several gases.
• Some solutions are solid.
• Liquid solutions do not have to be liquid or contain water.
![Page 6: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• When you dissolve sugar in water, sugar is the solute—the substance being dissolved.
• The substance that dissolves the solute, in this case water, is the solvent.
• When the solvent is water, the solution is called an aqueous solution.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 7: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• Many of the solutions you encounter are aqueous solutions, for example, soda, tea, contact-lens cleaner, and other clear cleaning liquids.
• In addition, most of the processes of life occur in aqueous solutions.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 8: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
Pure substance or a mixture?
![Page 9: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Types of Substances
• One type of pure substance can be broken down into simpler substances. This type of substance is called a compound.
• Another type of substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Such a substance is called an element.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
• All the substances of the universe are either elements, compounds formed from elements, or mixtures of elements and compounds.
![Page 10: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Two Types of Substances
• Of the known elements, only about 90 occur naturally on Earth. The remainder are synthesized, usually in barely detectable amounts, in high-energy nuclear experiments. • Less than half of the 90 naturally occurring elements are abundant enough to play a significant role in the chemistry of everyday stuff.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
![Page 11: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Compounds Are More Than One Element
• A more complete definition is that a compound is a chemical combination of two or more different elements joined together in a fixed proportion with a unique set of chemical and physical properties.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
• More than 10 million compounds are known and the number keeps growing.
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Compounds Are More Than One ElementTopic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
• Some new compounds are discovered and isolated from natural chemical sources such as plants and colonies of bacteria and are synthesized in laboratories for many different uses.
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Compounds Are More Than One Element
• The properties of the compound are different from the properties of the elements that compose the compound.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
silver + bromine = silver bromide
![Page 14: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Compounds Are More Than One Element
• A formula is a combination of the chemical symbols that show what elements make up a compound and the number of atoms of each element.
Compound Formula
Caffeine C8H10N4O2
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
![Page 15: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Compounds Are More Than One Element
• Formulas provide a shorthand way of describing a submicroscopic view of a compound.
• You probably already use formulas like H2O and CO2 as a way of talking about water and carbon dioxide.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
![Page 16: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Organizing the Elements
• The periodic table organizes elements in a way that provides a wealth of chemical information—much more than is evident to you now. It shows the chemical symbols for the elements.
• Their symbols usually correspond to their names in Latin.
Topic 1Topic 1
Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts Chemistry and Matter: Basic ConceptsChemistry and Matter: Basic Concepts
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Periodic Table of the Elements
• MODERN PERIODIC TABLE• Arranged in order of increasing atomic number• Rows are called periods• Columns are called groups or families • Periodic Law – elements arranged in increasing
atomic number have a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
• Elements with similar properties are in the same group.
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Basic Assessment QuestionsBasic Assessment Questions
Question 1
Identify each of the following as either a compound or a mixture.
A. sand
B. water
C. juice
Topic 1Topic 1
![Page 19: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Basic Assessment QuestionsBasic Assessment Questions
Answers
A. sand
B. water
C. juice
mixture
compound
mixture
Topic 1Topic 1
![Page 20: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not changed. Unlike pure substances, mixtures do.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062407/56649b50550346318e8cb1c4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Basic Assessment QuestionsBasic Assessment Questions
Classify each of the following as an intensive or extensive physical property.
Question 2
A. density
B. mass
C. color
D. melting pointE. volume
Topic 1Topic 1
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Basic Assessment QuestionsBasic Assessment Questions
Answers
A. density
B. mass
C. color
D. melting point
intensive property
extensive property
intensive property
intensive property
Topic 1Topic 1
E. volume extensive property