AMI #11

Agee 4/6/20

Frank "Jelly" Nash (1887–1933) Frank Nash has been called “the most successful bank robber in U.S. history,” but he is

most noted for his violent death in what has become known as the Kansas City

Massacre. Nash spent part of his childhood in Paragould (Greene County) and was

arrested in Hot Springs (Garland County) the day before his death.

Frank “Jelly” Nash was born on February 6, 1887, in Birdseye, Indiana. His father, John

“Pappy” Nash, started hotels in several southern towns, including Paragould,

Jonesboro (Craighead County), and Hobart, Oklahoma. Nash’s mother, Alta, was

the second of John’s three wives. Nash had two sisters and two step-brothers. Living in

Paragould from 1893 to 1896, he then moved with his father to Jonesboro and,

afterward, to Hobart, which he later treated as his hometown.

Nash worked in his father’s hotels and also served in the U.S. Army from 1904 to 1907.

He later served three prison sentences for various crimes, including robbery and

murder. Nash is thought to have participated in roughly 200 bank robberies and was

often considered the “mastermind” of several groups of criminals. He planned various

escapes from prison, both from within the prison and while free. In spite of his criminal

record, Nash was widely considered friendly, likeable, and charming. His nickname,

“Jelly” (shortened from “Jellybean”), began during his childhood, due to his poise and

his well-groomed appearance (although some associate the nickname with the

explosives used to open bank safes).

Nash was first convicted in 1913. He and a friend, Nollie “Humpy” Wortman, stole

nearly $1,000 from a store in Sapulpa, Oklahoma. While escaping, Nash suggested they

hide the evidence. As Wortman went to bury the money, Nash shot him in the back. He

was arrested hours later and sentenced to life in the Oklahoma State Penitentiary. On

March 28, 1918, Nash’s sentence was reduced to ten years after he convinced the warden

he wanted to join the army and fight in World War I. Nash signed his military

registration card on June 12, 1918, and was released on August 16, 1918. Nash saw

action in Belleau Wood, France, before the end of the war.

Two years later, Nash was convicted of burglary using explosives, also known as

safe-cracking, and sentenced to twenty-five years in the Oklahoma State Penitentiary.

He became a trustee, and his sentence was reduced to five years. On December 29, 1922,

Nash was released, and he joined the Al Spencer gang, a group of bank robbers.

On August 20, 1923, the Spencer gang robbed the Katy Limited postal train at Okesa,

Oklahoma. Nash fled to Juarez, Mexico, where he married a local woman. Many sources

claim that Nash hoped to falsify the date on the marriage license to provide him an alibi

for the time of the train robbery. The same sources also state that Nash was already

married to a sweetheart from Hobart, but the names of his first two wives are not

known. His military registration card indicates that he was single in 1918.

Nash was enticed across the U.S./Mexico border and arrested for the burglary of the

Katy Limited in early 1924. On March 1, Nash and three members of the Spencer gang

received twenty-five-year sentences at the federal penitentiary at Fort Leavenworth,

Kansas, for mail robbery and assault on a mail custodian. In 1930, Nash was appointed

the deputy warden’s chef and general handyman, a position that brought privileges. On

October 19, 1930, Nash was sent outside the prison on an errand and never returned.

Nash escaped to Chicago, Illinois, where he fell in love with a barmaid named Frances

Luce and continued his criminal activities, now in the major cities of the United States.

Among other crimes during these years, Nash assisted in the escape of seven prisoners

from Fort Leavenworth in December 1931.

Nash visited Hot Springs with Frances Luce and her daughter in the spring of 1932 and

returned with them the following spring. Hot Springs was then known as a playground

for members of the criminal underworld. Without telling her about his first two wives,

Nash married Luce on May 26, 1933. The two adopted the last name of Moore.

On June 15, 1933, two Oklahoma City Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents, Joe

Lackey and Frank Smith, learned that Nash was in Hot Springs. The agents drove to Hot

Springs accompanied by Otto Reed, the police captain of McAlester, Oklahoma, as FBI

agents were forbidden from carrying weapons and making arrests. They learned that

Nash was frequently found in the White Front Cigar Store, which was owned by Richard

Galatas and frequented by many criminals of a national stature. On June 16, the agents

apprehended Nash and drove to Fort Smith (Sebastian County).

That night, Nash, accompanied by Lackey, Smith, and Reed, boarded a Missouri Pacific

train bound for Kansas City, Missouri. However, word of Nash’s capture had gotten

around, as well as the destination of the agents, and plans were apparently made to

attempt to free him. After arriving at the Kansas City Union Station at 7:15 a.m. on June

17, 1933, and meeting additional agents, Nash was put into a parked car outside the

station. Two or three armed men approached the car, and many shots were exchanged.

Accounts differ regarding who fired first. Nash was killed, as were Reed, Raymond

Carrey, W. J. “Red” Grooms, and Frank Hermanson. Based on the testimony of the

surviving agents, authorities sought Charles “Pretty Boy” Floyd, Adam Richetti, and

Vern Miller as suspects. Miller was later found murdered in Detroit. Floyd was killed in

Ohio in October 1934. However, Richetti was arrested in Ohio, tried and convicted for

the shootings, and executed on October 7, 1938.

The body of Nash was claimed by his sister, Alice Long, and is buried in Linwood

Cemetery in Paragould. His funeral brought many strangers, assumed to be gangsters,

to town. Prompted by the massacre, in January 1934, the U.S. Congress passed

legislation that armed FBI agents and gave them the authority to make arrests.

Kim Reynolds

Bryant, Arkansas

Staff of the CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas

Answer the following questions in complete sentences. Failure to do so will

result in half credit for your answers.

1. Where was Frank “Jelly” Nash born? Where did he spend some of his childhood?

2. Nash served in the Army two times. During World War I, where did he see action

in France?

3. What was the Katy Limited and where did Nash escape to after robbing it?

4. Explain what Nash did in December of 1931. Retell in your own words...do not

plagiarize.

5. Where is the White Front Cigar Store located, and who arrested Mr. Nash at the

store?

6. Explain what happened at the Kansas City Massacre. Retell in your own

words...do not plagiarize.

7. Who claimed Nash’s body and where was it buried?

8. Who is the author of this article, where is that person from, and for whom do they

work?

AMI # 12 Agee 4/7/20 6 Different Types of Sensory Imagery A passage of writing can contain imagery that appeals to multiple senses. It is useful to break down sensory imagery by sense.

1. Visual imagery engages the sense of sight. This is what you can see, and includes visual descriptions. Physical attributes including color, size, shape, lightness and darkness, shadows, and shade are all part of visual imagery.

2. Gustatory imagery engages the sense of taste. This is what you can taste, and includes flavors. This can include the five basic tastes—sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami—as well as the textures and sensations tied to the act of eating.

3. Tactile imagery engages the sense of touch. This is what you can feel, and includes textures and the many sensations a human being experiences when touching something. Differences in temperature is also a part of tactile imagery.

4. Auditory imagery engages the sense of hearing. This is the way things sound. Literary devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can help create sounds in writing.

5. Olfactory imagery engages the sense of smell. Scent is one of the most direct triggers of memory and emotion, but can be difficult to write about. Since taste and smell are so closely linked, you’ll sometimes find the same words (such as “sweet”)

used to describe both. Simile is common in olfactory imagery, because it allows writers to compare a particular scent to common smells like dirt, grass, manure, or roses.

6. Kinesthetic imagery (a.k.a kinesthesia) engages the feeling of movement. This can be similar to tactile imagery but deals more with full-body sensations, such as those experienced during exercise. Rushing water, flapping wings, and pounding hearts are all examples of kinesthetic imagery.

Using the six forms of Sensory Imagery, I want you to imagine that you are at the Kansas City Massacre crime scene...a passerby in the back or a detective on the scene. Describe the picture below in 10 or more complete sentences and identify at least one instance of each Sensory Imagery:

AMI #13 Agee 4/8/20

Violently Bored

Americans Begin

Looting Puzzle Stores 3/20/20 SEE MORE:CORONAVIRUS From The Onion, America’s Finest News Source

NORTHWOOD, NH—Isolated and desperate for a fun new hobby or pastime in the face of social-distancing measures implemented to fight Covid-19, hysterical mobs of violently bored citizens have begun looting puzzle stores across the country, sources confirmed Friday. “People were grabbing up the jigsaws, the crosswords, the sudokus—even climbing over each other to get to the Rubik’s Cubes, if you can believe that,” said Howard Beaman, owner of the now-devastated Piece Time Puzzles, one of several hundred such specialty stores that reportedly had their windows smashed and saw their entire inventories seized by panicked Americans stuck at home and in dire need of a suitable diversion. “Probably did $10,000 of damage to my establishment alone. I watched someone punch an old woman in the throat just to get her hands on a book of riddles. But I’ve always said there’s a real ugly side of humanity that comes out when people are faced with a limited supply of 5,000-piece landscape scenes and decide to turn on one another.” At press time, reports indicated that online resellers were offering 500-piece jigsaw puzzles of cats sleeping on bookshelves for $800 each, plus shipping. Satire: the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues. We, as a society, often use satire and other forms of comedy to help us cope with difficult situations.

Directions: Answer the following questions with complete sentences. Some questions will require more than one sentence...unless you use compound, complex, or compound-complex sentences, that is.

1. Where does this article claim to take place?

2. What is the name of the virus affecting this bizarre activity in the

US?

3. Reportedly, someone punched an old lady in the throat for what?

4. What would be the cost to purchase online a jigsaw puzzle of

cats sleeping on bookshelves?

5. Why is this a good example of satire?

6. What does this ‘fake news’ tell us about the real fears of people

right now in the US? (more than one sentence…)

AMI #14 Agee 4/9/20 Using Consistent Verb Agreement in Writing

Conquer Verb-Tense Consistency A verb’s tense indicates when the action that it describes takes place—in the past (I ran), in the present (I run), or in the future (I will run). The verb tense you use should remain consistent, or the same, unless you have a good reason to change it. The verb tense should remain consistent throughout sentences, throughout paragraphs, and throughout the entire body of whatever you are writing—again, unless you have a good reason to change it.

For example: Incorrect: When my mom goes to the store, she bought a treat for everyone. (Goes is in the present tense, and bought is in the past tense—and you don’t have a good reason to change the tense you are using.) Correct Option 1: When my mom goes to the store, she buys a treat for everyone. (Both verbs are in the present tense.) Correct Option 2: When my mom went to the store, she bought a treat for everyone. (Both verbs are in the past tense.) So what IS a good reason to change the verb tense you are using? When you are describing events that happen at different times. For example: Correct: Lindsey plays field hockey now, but last year she was on the soccer team. (You are describing something that is happening now, and you are also describing something that happened in the past.) Correct: We took first place in the state competition; next week we will compete in the national competition. (You are describing something that happened in the past, and you are also describing something that will happen in the future.) One issue that I have seen in the past is students changing from one tense to another...like starting out in past tense and having a couple

of sentences in the middle of the writing that is in, say, future or present tense. That creates continuity of tense issues. Today, I want you to focus on the identification of Past, Present, and Future tense identification without labeling them one of the twelve forms in the chart above. Directions: read the following choices and choose the correctly written sentence with a check mark. Then, write which tense (past, present, future) that the correct sentence uses. 1. a _____ I picked up the cell phone quickly and dial the number. b _____ I pick up the cell phone quickly and dialed the number. c _____ I picked up the cell phone quickly and dialed the number. 2. a _____ Suddenly, the lights flickered and an uninvited guest enters

the room. b _____ Suddenly, the lights flicker and an uninvited guest enters

the room. c _____ Suddenly, the lights flicker and an uninvited guest entered

the room. 3. a _____ When I was comfortable, I began my homework. b _____ When I was comfortable, I begin my homework. c _____ When I am comfortable, I began my homework. 4. a _____ Stephen is going to save his money so that he will be able

to buy a drum set. b _____ Stephen is going to save his money so that he was able to

buy a drum set. c _____ Stephen saves his money so that he was able to buy a

drum set.

5. a _____ Yesterday, we went to the movies. We shared a large

popcorn. After the movie, we went out for pizza. I loved pizza, but I am so full from the popcorn that I am hardly able to finish one slice.

b _____ Yesterday, we went to the movies. We were sharing a large popcorn. After the movie, we are going out for pizza. I love pizza, but I was so full from the popcorn that I could hardly finish one slice.

c _____ Yesterday, we went to the movies. We shared a large popcorn. After the movie, we went out for pizza. I love pizza, but I was so full from the popcorn that I could hardly finish one slice.

6. a _____ My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma’s oatmeal butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie has never made cookies before. I hope they turn out all right!

b _____ My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma’s oatmeal butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie has never made cookies before. I hope they turned out all right!

c _____ My sister Julie and her friend Carli are going to bake a batch of Grandma’s oatmeal butterscotch cookies on Saturday night. Julie is never going to make cookies before. I hope they turn out all right!

Directions: Rewrite the paragraph below so that the verb tense is consistent. If you change the verb tense at any point, make sure you have a good reason to do so!

We were all snuggled up on the couch to watch a movie as the rain pounds against the window. Then there was a tremendous rumble of thunder, and the electricity goes out. We slowly walked into the kitchen to get some flashlights and candles. We decide to play a game of Clue by candlelight. We played five games before the lights come back on. I must say, it was pretty fun! ____________________________________________________________

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________________________________________________AMI # 10

Agee

4/10/20

Today, we will work on identifying one of the twelve tenses up on the chart above. I think, however, that you need some clear reasoning as to why particular verb tenses are used and what they mean for the action of the sentence. Simple Tenses

We’ll start with the simple tenses. These are probably the first

tenses you learned in English. Simple tenses usually refer to a

single action. In general, simple tenses express facts and situations

that existed in the past, exist in the present, or will exist in the

future.

Simple present: I drive home every day.

Simple past: I drove home yesterday.

Simple future: I will drive home later.

Progressive (Continuous) Tenses

Let’s go on to the progressive tenses. We use progressive tenses to

talk about unfinished events. Progressive tenses are also called

continuous tenses.

Past progressive: I was driving when you called.

Present progressive: I am driving now.

Future progressive: I will be driving when you call.

Perfect Tenses

Now let’s look at the perfect tenses. Perfect tenses cause the most

confusion. To put it simply, they express the idea that one event

happens before another event.

There are many tricky exceptions with the perfect tenses, which we

will discuss in a future episode. The adverbs never, yet and already

are common in perfect tenses.

Present perfect: I have driven that road.

Past perfect: I had already driven that road in the past.

Future perfect: I will have driven 200 miles by tomorrow.

Perfect Progressive Tenses

Finally, let’s look at the perfect progressive tenses. Generally,

perfect progressive tenses express duration, or how long? Perfect

progressive tenses usually include the adverbs for or since.

Present perfect progressive: I have been driving since this

morning.

Past perfect progressive: I had been driving for three hours

before I stopped to get gas.

Future perfect progressive: I will have been driving for five

hours by the time I arrive.

Directions: Underline the verbs/verb phrases in the following sentences and identify which of the 12 tenses that the verb/verb phrase is.

1. The Great Gatsby is an American classic novel.

2. The book was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in the 1920s.

3. Students will read it for generations to come.

4. Americans will have been reading Gatsby for 95 years.

5. In the 1920s, many people were investing in stocks.

6. Americans have been investing in companies since the 1790s.

7. My students have studied the Jazz Age.

8. F. Scott Fitzgerald studied at Yale University.

9. Americans will be investing money in stocks for years to come.

10. Fitzgerald had been trained for war during World War I.

11. When this is all done, you will have studied gangsters,

socialites, and the American Dream.

12. Right now, you are studying verb tense.

Directions: Write sentences using the following verb tense:

1. Perfect Present

2. Continuous Past

3. Perfect Continuous Past

4. Simple Future

5. Continuous Future