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A Mathematician Looks At Paint, Hollywood and DNA Fern Y. Hunt National Institute of Standards and Technology March 26, 2010 Slide 2 NIST strengthens the U.S. economy and improves the quality of life by working with industry to develop and apply technology, measurements, and standards 3300 employees 3300 employees $800 million annual budget $800 million annual budget 1200 industrial partners 1200 industrial partners 2000 field agents 2000 field agents 1500 guest researchers 1500 guest researchers $1.4 billion co-funding of industry R&D $1.4 billion co-funding of industry R&D National measurement standards National measurement standards measurements best practices R & D technology quality standards Helping America Measure Up Slide 3 Sect. 8. The Congress shall have power To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin and fix the standard of weights and measures; Our Origins First national lab Founded in 1901 as Bureau of Standards Expanded role, new name in 1988 Slide 4 Output of the NIST Labs National, International Standards Calibrations and Tests Measurement Research (metrology) Standard Reference Materials Standard Reference Data Slide 5 NIST Information Technology Lab Research in Measurement and Standards for IT development industry IT users in industry IT users in government Collaborative research in math, statistics and computer science IT support services for NIST Technical Programs Advanced Networking Technologies Computer Security Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Information Access Convergent Information Systems Information Services and Computing Statistical Engineering Math & Computational Sciences Slide 6 Insure that sound mathematical methods applied to NIST problems mathematical modelingscientific computing numerical analysisvisualization algorithmssoftware Improve environment for computational science at large tool developmentinformation dissemination mathematical reference dataprofessional activities measurement, standardspublications Slide 7 PAINT : Simulation, Measurement and Computer Graphic Rendering Slide 8 What is Rendering? Process of synthesizing images of a scene using a computer Slide 9 Rendering Parameters geometric description of the scene light sources angle-dependent scattering function of objects (BRDF) observation viewpoint Slide 10 Slide 11 PL Optical Reflectance Measurements Spectral Tri-function Automated Reference Reflectometer (STARR) collimated, monochromatic, polarized beam of light (250nm - 2500nm) mono-plane goniometer: sample and detector absolute measurements of bidirectional and directional- hemispherical reflectance relative combined expanded uncertainty (k=2): 0.4% Slide 12 OUTPUT OF A RENDERING PROGRAM The output of a rendering progam is the synthetic image. The image is based on determining the distribution of light in the entire scene (global illumination). Slide 13 Slide 14 Slide 15 Rendered automobile using NIST optical data Measurements performed by Maria Nadal (NIST) Rendered by Gregory Ward (SGI) Slide 16 Estimating DNA word frequencies from data Where N(X)=number of occurrences of symbol X and the total number of symbols in the data is N Markov Models for predicting DNA patterns: Probabilities for the Markov model can be estimated from the data Slide 17 Hao Histogram level 1 First used by Hao Bailin Chin.Acad.Sci. http://power.itp.ac.cn/~hao/ Slide 18 Arabidopsis Thaliana chromosome 3 Slide 19 Hao Histogram level 2 Slide 20 Frequencies of DNA words of length 6 for Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3 Slide 21 GenPatterns zoom feature on E-COLI data Slide 22 GenPatterns zoom feature on E-COLI data (more detailed view)