À Luz do Luar

8/9/2019 Luz do Luar

1/84

Luz do Luar

Barbara Cartland

$TXHOH SHGDR GH SDSHO FRP D DVVLQDWXUD GR LUPR SRGHULD UHSUHD SULVR GHOH H D SHUGD GD QLFD FRLVD TXH WLQKDP QR PXQGR D FDV

VHXV SDLV 3RU LVVR 1HRPD FRQFRUGRX HP LU DR FDVWHOR GR PDUTXV5RV\WK SDUD WHQWDU URXEDU R YDOH GH GXDV PLO OLEUDV TXH VHX LUD HOH SRU FDXVD GH XP MRJR GH FDUWDV 0DV D QLFD PDQHLUD GH HQWFDVWHOR HUD FRPSDUHFHU D XPD GDV IDPRVDV IHVWDV GR PDUTXV ( 1HQR VDELD TXH V DV FRUWHVV HUDP FRQYLGDGDV SDUD DTXHODV YHUGRUJLDV 7DUGH GHPDLV HOD GHVFREULX TXH R SUHR GD KRQUD GR LUP

VXD SUSULD GHVRQUD


2/84

Coleo Barbara Cartland n 10

Ttulo original: LIGHT OF THE MOON Copyright: CARTLAND PROMOTIONS 1979

Traduo: T. MOREIRACopyright para a lngua portuguesa: 1981

EDITORA EDIBOLSO LTDA. So Paulo

Uma empresa do GRUPO ABRILComposto na LINOART e impresso nas oficinas da ABRIL S.A. CULTURAL E INDUSTRIAL LTDA.


3/84

127$ '$ $8725$

2 'LD GR 'HUE\ TXH GHV UHYR QHVVH URPDQFH DVVXPLXWDO LPSRUWQFLD SDUD RVLQJOHVHV GHVGHVHX LQFLR QRVFXOR ;9,, TXH %HQMDPLQ 'LVUDHOL OGHU GR 3DUWLGR &RQVHUYDGRU H PDLVWDUGH SULPHLUR PLQLVWUR LQJOV FKDPRX R 3UPLR 'HUE\ D )LWD $]XO GR7XUIH FRPSDUDQGR R %OXH 5LEERQ ILWD D]XO FRQFHGLGD DR QDYLR TXH IL]VVH DWUDYHVVLD PDLVUSLGD GR $WOQWLFR

(P FRPR R VPHPEURVGD &PDUD GRV&RPXQVTXHULDP DVVLVWLU VFRUULGDVIRL SURSRVWD XPD PRR DWUDYV GD TXDO D &PDUDWLUDULD XP GLD GH IROJD $ PRRDSURYDGD PHVPR FRP DOJXQVYRWRVFRQWUD GRVPHPEURVHVFRFHVHV

6HPSUH KRXYH OLJDHVGD &RURD FRP FRUULGDVGH 7XUIH 2 GXTXH GH &XPEHUODWLQKD XP FDYDOR FKDPDGR (FOLSVH TXH FRUUHX QR SULPHLUR 'HUE\ (P R SUQGH *DOHV TXH PDLVWDUGH YLULD DVHU R UHL *HRUJH 9 JD QKRX D FRUULGD FRP R F7KRPDV TXH HUD R IDYRULWR 3RU P R PDLVLQWHUHVVDQWH IRL TXDQGR (GXDUGR 9,,WRUQRXVH R SULPHLUR PRQDUFD D JDQKDU R 'HUE\ FRPVHX FDYDOR 0LQRUX $ PXOWLGR ILFRXWRHPRFLRQDGD FRP D YLWULD GHVHXVREHUDQR TXH FRPHRX D FDQWDU R KLQR QDFLRQDO HVHX ORXYRU


4/84


5/84

FRQIXQGLD 6DELD DSHQDVTXH KDYLDP EULJDGR H D DWUL]VH PXGDUD SDUD XPD SURSULHGPDLRU H PDLVULFD

1HRPD H 3HUHJULQH SXGHUDP DOXJDU D FDVD SRU XPD TXDQWLD SHTXHQD HQTXDQWR RVSURFXUDGRUHVGR FDYDOKHLURVH HVIRUDYDP SDUD YHQG OD

( FODUR TXH QR GHVHMRWUD]HU PHXV DPLJRV DTXL GLVVHUD 3HUHJULQHRUJXOKRVR 4XDOTXHU GLYHUVR GH TXH SUHFLVH HQFRQWUDUHL HP PHX FOXEH

'LYHUVR" 3HUHJULQH QRWHPRVGLQKHLUR SDUD LVVR ( VW EHP 0DV VH DFHLWR KRVSLWDOLGDGH GH DOJX P WHQKR REULJD R GH UHWULEXLU 1R VH YRF QR SRGH SDJDU $FRQWHD R TXH DFRQWHFHU QR SRGH FRQWUDLU

GYLGDV ,VVRVHULD IDWDO3HUHJULQH DERUUHFLDVH 1R JRVWDYD TXH ILFDVVH OHPEUDQGRVXD FRQGL R SUHFULD

&RPR 1HRPD DPDYD R LUPR H TXHULD Y OR IHOL] HVIRUDYDVH SDUD DJUDG OR 7LQKVLGR PXLWR GLIFLO HQFRQWUDU SRU H[HPSOR DV URXSDVTXH GHVHMDYD M TXH HOHWLQKDLG LDVGH JUDQGH]D GH LU D XP DOIDLDWH ILQR H FODUR XVDU DTXHODVFDODVMXVWDV FRU GHFKDPSDQKD TXH HVWDYDPWR HP PRGD HQWUH RVGQGLVGH 6W-DPHVV6WUHHW

7LQKDWDPE P HQFRPHQGDGR XPD TXDQWLGDGH HQRUPH GH JUDYDWDVGH PXVVHOLQDTXH GHYLDPVHU ODYDGDVH HQJRPDGDVLPSHFDYHOPHQWH 1HRPD HQWHQGHUD SRU TXH HUDQHFHVVULDVWDQWDV TXDQGR 3HUHJULQH SRU QRWHU XP FULDGR GHVWUXLX TXDVH PHLD G]LD

GHODV WHQWDQGR GDU XP Q GH PDQHLUD FHUWD&RPR JDVWDYD XP ERPWHPSR SDVVDQGR H HQJRPDQGR 1HRPD ILFRXWR SUWLFDTXH FRQVHJXLD GDU RVQVQRVPDLVGLIHUHQWHVHVWLORV

&KDUOHVSHUJXQWRX TXHP HUD PHX QRYR FULDGR GLVVH R LUPR &KDUOHV VDEH SHUIHLWDPHQWH TXH QRWHPRVFRQGLHVGH PDQWHU XP FULDGR

UHVSRQGHX 1HRPD (OH HVWDYDV VHQGRVDUFVWLFR 1R WHQKR D PQLPD LQWHQR GH GL]HU D &KDUOHVTXH YRF TXH DUUXPD PLQKDV

JUDYDWDV (OH XP PH[HULTXHLUR&KDUOHV:DGGHVGRQ HUD R DPLJR PDLVDQWLJR H QWLPR GH 3HUHJULQH 7LQKDP L

SDUD (WRQ QD PHVPD RFDVLR H 1HRPD ILFDYD KRUURUL]DGDV GH SHQVDU QR GLQKHLURJDVWR SDUDWUDQVIRUPDU R LUPR QXP UDSD] GD PRGD 3RU LVVR WLYHUDP TXH IHFKDU RVRODU GHL[DQGR O DSHQDV XP YHOKR FDVDO TXH HVWLYHUD DVHUYLR GHVHXV SDLV SRUTXDUHQWD DQRV

$JRUD OXWDQGR FRP XPD JDURWD PHLR PDOXFD 1HRPDVHQWLD IDOWD GD PDQHLUDOHQWD PDVFXLGDGRVD FRPR HOHVID]LDP DVFRLVDV 6HQWLD IDOWD WDPE P GH FRQYHUVDU VREUH R SDL D PH H RV YHOKRV WHPSRV 1XQFDVH FDQVDYD GH RXYLU FRQWDUVREUH DVIHVWDVRXVREUH DVWHPSRUDGDVGH FDD

1R SDVVDGR KDYLD XP JUDQGH QPHUR GH FULDGRVQRVRODU 6 SDUD FXLGDU GVJUDPDGRVH MDUGLQV WLQKDPVHLVMDUGLQHLURV 4XDOTXHU UDLR GHVRO TXH DWUDYHVVDVVH DV MDQHODVGD FDVD GD 5R\DO $YHQXH ID]LD FRP TXHVHX SHQVDPHQWR YRDVVH GH YROWD SDUD DDQWLJD FDVD TXHVHJXQGR HOD HUD RVHX OXJDU

0DV WLQKDP TXH OHYDU HP FRQWD 3HUHJULQH H R LUPR GHVHMDYDWRGD DTXHODH[FLWDR H DOHJULD TXHV SRGLD HQFRQWUDU HP /RQGUHV $R SHQVDU QHOH 1HRPD ROKRXSDUD R UHOJLR GR YHVWEXOR H ILFRX LPDJLQDQGR R TXH SRGHULDWHU DFRQWHFLGR H RQGHWHULDSDVVDGR D QRLWH &RP FHUWH]D HVWDYD QR DSDUWDPHQWR GH &KDUOHV:DGGHVGRQ QD +DOI0RRQ 6WUHHW(UD RQGH ILFDYD TXDQGRVHVHQWLD DOWR GHPDLVSDUD YROWDU SDUD FDVD

1HRPD DFKDYD TXH HUD LVVR TXHWLQKD DFRQWHFLGR QD QRLWH DQWHULRU 1R DGLDQWDYDUHFODPDU (P YH] GLVVR UHVROYHX SUHSDUDU XP DOPRR YHU GDGHLUDPHQWH GHOLFLRVR SDUDHOH

( VWDYD GHVFHQGR D HVFDGD TXDQGR RXYLX XPD EDWLGD QD SRUWD GD IUHQWH &RUUHX HHQFRQWURX 3HUHJULQH FRPR HVSHUDYD SDUDGR QDVROHLUD DLQGD HP URXSDVGH QRLWH FRP


6/84

D JUDYDWD TXH HOD FXLGDGRVDPHQWH DUUXPDUD SDUD HOH IURX[D H DPDUURWDGD 0DVKDYLDWDPE P XPD H[SUHVVR HPVHX URVWR TXH D IH] ILFDUVHP UHVSLUDR

2 TXH " 2 TXH DFRQWHFHX"3DUDVXDVXUSUHVD R LUPR SDVVRX SRU HODVHP UHVSRQGHU H MRJDQGR R FKDS X

QXPD FDGHLUD GLVVH VSHUR 4XHUR IDODU FRP YRF 1HRPD6HJXLX R VDOD GH HVWDU IHFKRX D SRUWD H QRWRX DR Y OR SDUDGR DR ODGR

ODUHLUD TXHWLYHUD XPD QRLWH UXLP (VWDYD SOLGR FRP ROKHLUDV H KDYLD EHELGR HPH[FHVVR ,VVR HUD FHUWDPHQWH XP GRVD]DUHVGHWHUHP YLQGR SDUD /RQGUHV

3HUHJULQH QXQFD EHEHUD PXLWR QR FDPSR 0DV DJRUD SRU QRWHU QDGD SDUD ID]HUEHELD FRP RV FDYDOKHLURVTXH HQFRQWUDYD QR FOXEH ,VVR LQYDULDYHOPHQWH GHL[DYD RPDO QR GLDVHJXLQWH

(QTXDQWR HVSHUDYD TXH FRPHDVVH D IDODU SHUFHEHX TXH QRWLQKDVLGRV DHPEULDJXH] TXH R GHL[DUD QDTXHOH HVWDGR 6HQWLX FRP XPVELWR DSHUWR QR FRUDR TXH SRGHULDVHU DOJXPD FRLVD GHVDVWURVD

7HQKR DOJR D OKH GL]HU HOH UHSHWLX 2 TXH TXHULGR" 1R SRGHWRPDU XP FDI DQWHV" 1XP PLQXWR HX OKHWUDJR

XPD [FDUD

3UHFLVR OKH IDODU DQWHVGH ID]HU TXDOTXHU FRLVD GLVVH 3HUHJULQH QXPWRPREVWLQDGR TXH PRVWUDYD TXH QR KDYLD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH QH QKXPD DUJXPHQWDR1HRPDVHQWRXVH H ROKRX SDUD HOH HVSHUDQGR 1R VHL FRPR FRPHDU 4XDQGRVDLX GDTXL RQWHP GLVVH TXH LDVH HQFRQWUDU QRLWH FRP &KDUOHV )RL R TXH IL]HPRV $SDQKHL &KDUOHVHP FDVD H IRPRVDR :KLWH (UD R FOXEH

PDLVHOHJDQWH GH 6W-DPHVH R SRQWR GH HQFRQWUR GRV PDLVLPSRUWDQWHVGQGLV 1HRPDVDELD TXH 3HUHJULQH H &KDUOHVVHQWLDPVH IHOL]DUGRVHP VHUV FLRV &RPR RVPHPEURVGR :KLWH HUDP FRQKHFLGRVSHOR MRJR DOWR H SHODVEHEHGHLUDV 1HRPD IUHTHQWHPHQWHSHQVDYDVH QRWHULDVLGR PHOKRU TXH 3HUHJULQHWLYHVVH HQWUDGR SDUD XP FOXEH PHQRVHP PRGD

4XDQGR FKHJDPRVDR FOXEH FRQWLQXRX 3HUHJULQH IL]HPRVXPD SHTXHQDUHIHLR H IRPRVSDUD RVDOR GH MRJR

1HRPDVHQWLX XPD GRU QR SHLWR $JRUD HVWDYD FRP PHGR FRP PXLWR PHGR GRTXH R LUPR LD GL]HU

+DYLD PXLWD JHQWH DSRVWDQGR DOWR 4XDQGR DOJX P JDQKDYD XP ERP GLQKHLURSDJDYD GULQTXHVSDUDWRGR PXQGR

&RQWLQXH 'HSRL V GLVVR WRGRV FRPHDUDP D ILFDU PXLWR PDJQQLPRV H HX H &KDUOHV

JDQKDPRVPXLWRVGULQTXHVJUWLV (QWR FRPHDPRVD ILFDU DERU UHFLGRV YHQGR R MRJR ( R TXH YRF IH]" 6HQ WDPRVH MRJDPRVSLTXHWXP FRP R RXWUR 3DUHFH EHP UD]RYHO GLVVH 1HRPD HQFRUDMDGRUD - WQKDPRV IHLWR DQWHV H TXDQGR YLPRV TXH DV SHVVRDV QRV ROKDYDPFRPHDPRVD ILQJLU TXH JDQKYDPRVRX SHUGDPRVDOWDVVRPDV 2 TXH TXHU GL]HU" &RPHDPRVD GL]HU HP YR] DOWD TXH GHYDPRVDSRVWDU PDLVDLQGD GHVGH TXH

DTXHOH TXH SHUGHVVH GHVVH DR RXWUR XP YDOH GH JDUDQWLD XPD FRLVD FRPXP TX HVHID] PXLWR TXDQGRVH MRJD DOWR

1HRPD SRGLD HQWHQGHU &RPR HUDP PXLWR MRYHQV 3HUHJULQH FRPSOHWDULD YLQWHDQRV HP GH]HPEUR H &KDUOHV WLQKD D PHVPD LGDGH TXHULDPVH PRVWUDU SDUD RVDPLJRV /HPEUDYD GH XPD YH] TXDQGR ILQJLUDP SRVVXLU FDYDORVGH UD D H SDVVDUDP D


7/84


8/84

&KDUOHV IH] FRPR TXH QR RXYLX 1D YHUGDGH GHL[RX PH GH OWDOPDQHLUD TXH SHUFHEL TXH HVWDYD PXLWR PDLV EEDGR GR TXH HX LPDJLQDYD (QWRFRPHRX D SHUGHU 3RU DOJXQVPRPHQWRV WLYHUD QRYH RX GH] PLO OLEUDVGLDQWH GHOH TXHGH UHSHQWH FRPHDYDP D GLPLQXLU ,PSORUHL SDUD LUPRVHPERUD PDV&KDUOHV HVWDYDFRP XPD HVS FLH GH EULOKRVHOYDJHP QRVROKRV XP EULOKR TXH DSDUHFH QRVROKRVGRV MRJDGRUHV TXDQGR QDGD PDLVLPSRUWD D QRVHU DVFDUWDV

(OH SHUGHX WXGR" SHUJXQWRX 1HRPD HP YR] EDL[D 0DL VGR TXH LVVR (OHWLQKD PHVD FRQIRUPH SXGH FRQWDU HVRPDQGRVH RV

YDOHVGH RXWURVMRJDGRUHV TXDWUR PLO OLEUDV (QWR XP KRPHP IUHQWH GHOH FRPHRX DDSRVWDU FRQWUD &KDUOHV FDGD YH] PDLV 1R WLYH FHUWH]D GH TXHP HUD D SULQFSLRVORJR GHVFREUL TXH HUD R PDUTXVGH 5RV\ WK

4XHP HOH" 8PD GD VSHVVRDVPDLVKRUUYHLVTXH M HQFRQWUHL 0DVYRX IDODUVREUH HOH PDLV

WDUGH FODUR &RQWLQXH (X RXYLD D DSRVWD VXELU FDGD YH] PDLV 'H UHSHQWH &KDUOHV SDURXWLQKD

SHUGLGR 2K 3HUHJULQH

3HUGHXVHLVPLO OLEUDV FODUR TXH QRWLQKD DTXLORWXGR )H] DOJXQVYDOHV H MXQWRX RVDR UHVWR GR GLQKHLUR $FKR TXHWRGR PXQGR QDTXHOD KRUD SHUFHEH&KDUOHVHVWDYD DOWR

2 TXH DFRQWHFHX HQWR" 2 PDUTXV UHFROKHX R GLQKHLUR FRQWRX RV YDOHV H DV PRHGDV DJUDGHFHX R

H[FHOHQWH MRJR &RP JUDQGH HVIRUR &KDUOHV WHQWRX SDUHFH LQGLIHUHQWH 7LYH DVHQVDR GH TXH R PDUTXVVDELD TXH HOH HVWDYD UHSUHVHQWDQGR 3DUHFLD QRVROKDU SRUFLPD GH XPD PDQHLUD DUURJDQWH H RIH UHFHX XPD UHYDQFKH 3RU TXH DPEV QRDSDUHFHP SDUDVH HQFRQWUD FRPLJR QDVFRUULGDV" HOH GLVVH

3HUHJULQH SDURX SRU XP PRPHQWR &KDUOHVILFRXWR VXUSUHVR TXDQWR HX PDVDFHLWRX 2 PDUTXVYLURXVH SDUD

PLP SHUJXQWRX PHX QRPH HVXJHULX TXH OHYVVHPRV FDGD XP XPD DFRPSDQKDQWH$FUHVFHQWRX TXHWLQKD FHUWH]D GH TXH FRQKH FDPRV PXLWDV H DWUDHQWHV SHDV GHPXVVHOLQD

2 TXH HOH TXLVGL]HU" SHUJXQWRX 1HRPD )RL LVVR TXHWDPE P ILTXHL SHQVDQGR SRU XP PRPHQWR PDV DQWHV TXH

SXGHVVH IDODU DOJXPD FRLVD R PDUTXVOHYDQWRXVH GL]HQGR( VSHUR SHORV VHQKRUHVGHSRLV GH DPDQK HP 6\WK V FLQFR KRU DV DFRPSDQKDGRV REYLDPHQWH SRU ORLUDVHQFDQWDGRUDV TXH LUR DOHJUDU R DPELHQWHVROHQH GD FRUULGD ( SDUWLX

(X QR HQ WHQGR FRPHRX 1RHPD PDV3HUHJULQH LQWHUURPSHX $LQGD QR RXYLX R ILP 2 TXH PDLV DFRQWHFHX" &KDUOHVHVWDYDV EULR RVXILFLHQWH SDUDVHQWLUVH H[WUHPDPHQWH JUDWLILFDGR SRU

WHU UHFHELGR XP FRQYLWH GH DOJX P WR LPSRUWDQWH FRPR R PDUTXVGH 5RV\ WK 0DVHPERUDVHX F UHEUR IXQFLRQDVVH VXDV SHUQDV HVWDYDP EDPEDV &DUUHJXHL R HVFDGDDEDL[R HWRPDPRVXPD FDUUXDJHP DWVXD FDVD 4XDQGR M HVWYDPRVQR TXDUWR HOHSDUHFHX SHUFHEHU ILQDO PHQWH D ORXFXUD TXHWLQKD FRPHWLGR 6H QR IRVVH WR WRORSRGHULDWHUVDGR GH O FRP XPDVRLWR PLO OLEUDV

7DQ WR DVVLP" 1HRPD HVSDQWRXVH(X GHYLDWHU ILFDGR EUDYR FRP HOH PDVHUD LPSRVV YHO FRQWLQXRX 3HUHJULQH

6HL FRPR &KDUOHV 6LPSOHVPHQWH FRORFRX D FDEHD HQWUH DVPRVH JHPHX %RP QR ILQDO GDVFRQWDV QR KRXYH PDLRUHVSUHMX]RV GLVVH 1HRPD


9/84

3HQVRX QR TXDQWR ILFDUD DSUHHQVLYD H FRP PHGR TXDQGR 3HUHJULQH FRPHFRQWDU D KLVWULD

(X DLQGD QR DFDEHL 3HUGR TXHULGR &RQWLQXH &KDUOHVJDVWRXWXGR R TXHWLQKD 0DVR SLRU TXH GH UHSHQWH ILFRX EUDQFR H

FRPHRX D HVYD]LDU RVEROVRV WLUDQGRVHX OHQR DOJXQVFDUWHVGH YLVLWD XPD FDL[D GHUDS

2 TXH HOH HVWDYD SURFXUDQGR" SHUJXQWRX 1HRPD DQVLRVD 3RU XP PRPHQWR QR HQWHQGL R TXH HUD (QWR &KDUOHVROKRX SDUD PLP H

JHOHLO HVWDYDP GRLVYDOHVTXH HXWLQKD GDGR D HOH GH EULQFDGHLUD TXDQGVSLTXHW)DOWDYD RWHUFHLUR

1HRPD DUUHSLRXVH H HVSHURX SHOR JROSH 'XD VPLO OLEUDV 9RF TXHU GL]HU TXH &KDUOHV HQ WUHJRX DR PDUTXV" ([D WDPHQWH (OH QR KDYLD FRORFDGR DTXHOH YDOH MXQWR FRP RVRXWURV QR EROVR

GR FROHWH HVLP MXQWR FRPVHX GLQKHLUR )RL SRU LVVR TXH HQWUHJRXVHP TXHUHU R YDOHDR PDUTXV

2K QR D H[FODPDR GH 1HRPD HUD XP JULWR GH SXUR KRUURU 0DVQR

IFLO" 9RFV WHP TXH LU DWR PDUTXVH H[SOLFDU TXH KRXYH XP HUUR ( HOH LULD HVSHUDU TXH &KDUOHVFRPSHQVDVVH R YDOH1HRPD JRVWDULD GH GL]HU TXH LVVR HUD SUREOHPD GH &KDUOHV PDVVDELD TXH R RXWUR

HVWDYD QD PHVPD PLVULD TXH HOHV $O P GLVVR DVGYLGDVGH MRJR HUDP XPD TXHVWRGH KRQUD

2 SDL KDYLD OKH IDODGR PXLWDVYH]HVGDVWUDJ GLDVTXH RFRUULDP TXDQ GR KRPHVSHUGLDP LPHQVDV IRUWXQDV QDV PHVDV ID]HQGR HP FRQVHTQFLD FRP TXHVXDVHVSRVDVH IDPOLDVVRIUHVVHP PLVHUDYHOPHQWH

1R HQWDQWR HVWDYDWR GHVHVSHUDGDPHQWH FKRFDGD FRP R TXH 3HUH JULQHFRQWDUD TXH LQVLVWLX

&HUWDPHQWH &KDUOHVVDEH TXH HOH R UHVSRQVYHO QR" FODUR 0DVYRFVDEH TXH HOHWDPE P QRWHP FRQGLHVGH OHYDQWDU GXDV

PLO OLEUDV (OH YDLWHQWDU" (X WHQKR XPD LG LD PHOKRU 2 TXH " )LFDPRVGLVFXWLQGR LVVR GXUDQWHWRGD D QRLWH 6 K XPD HVSH UDQD ( TXDO " 4XH R PDUTXVQR PHVROLFLWH R SDJDPHQWR QR SUD]R GH XPDVHPDQ D FRPR

FRPXP 8PD VHPDQD 7DOYH] GXDV 3RGLDP VHU QRYHFHQWDV H GXDV GLVVH 1HRPD 9RF VDEH TXH QR

FRQVHJXLU DUUXPDU GXDVPLO OLEUDV (X VHL GLVVR (VFXWH R TXH HVWRXWHQWDQGR OKH GL]HU 1HRPD 'H VFXOSH TXHULGR 0DV QDWXUDO TXH HX HVWHMD PHLR SHUWXUEDGD 9RF DFKD TXH HX HVWRX PRUUHQGR GH DOHJULD" ( &KDUOHV" (OH HVW

GHVHVSHUDGRM YHQGHXWXGR R TXH SRGLD K PXLWRWHPSR 1HRPD VDELD TXH HUD YHUGDGH H LVVR QR PHOKRUDYD HP QDGD DV FRLVDV

)RUDQGRVH D ILFDU FDOPD SHUJXQWRX 4XDO DVXD LG LD TXHULGR" &KDUOHVH HX GHFLGLPRVTXH SUHFLVDPRV GH DOJXPD IRUPD URXEDU HVVH YDOH


10/84

5RXEDU")DORXWR DOWR TXHVXD YR] SDUHFHX HFRDU SRUWRGD DVDOD $JRUD HVFXWH GLVVH 3HUHJULQH $QWHVGH ILFDU KLVWULFD GHL[H PH FRQWDU

VREUH R PDUTXV ( VWRX RXYLQGR XP KRPHP GXUR PHVTXLQKR H QLQJX P JRVWD GHOH $GRUD MRJDU FDUWDVH QR

G D PQLPD LPSRUWQFLD DR TXH DFRQWHFH FRP TXHP SHUGH 1HRPD JRVWDULD GH GL]HU TXH LVVR QR HUD XPD GHVFXOSD SODXVYHO SDUD R URXER

PDVSUHIHULX ILFDU TXLHWD HQTXDQWR 3HUHJULQH FRQWLQXDYD 7RGRVGL]HP TXH R PDUTXV R KRPHP PDLVLPSRSXODU GR :KLWH SRUTXH QR

WHP XPD SDODYUD JHQWLO SDUD QLQJX P $O P GLVVR FRPRWHP PXLWD VRUWH QR MRJRYULRVFDYDOKHLURVM SHUGHUDP IRUWXQDVLPHQVDVSDUD HOH

3RU TXH WR GHVDJUDGYHO" 1R H[DWDPHQWH GHVDJUDGYHO 1XQFD OHYDQWD D YR] H QR QXQFD PDO

HGXFDGR 0DV VLPSOHVPHQWH SDVVD LQGLIHUHQWH SHOR PXQGRVHP TXHUHUVDEHU GRVVHQWLPHQWRVGRVRXWURV 'HX XP VRUULVRVHP JUDD ( QR K QDGD TXH R LPSHD(OH PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH ULFR

3R VVXL DV PDLV IDEXORVDV FDVDV H VHXV FDYDORV JDQKDPWRGDV DV JUDQGHV

FRUULGDV FODUR 3RU LVVR MWLQKD RXYLGRVHX QRPH GLVVH 1HRPD 4XDQGR YRF H&KDUOHVHVWDYDP EULQFDQGR FRP DTXHOD KLVWULD GH FDYD ORV RXYL GL]HUHP TXH RV VHXVLPDJLQULRVDQLPDLVKDYLDPVLGR FRPSUDGRVGR PDUTXVGH 5RV\ WK (VSHUR TXH QRHVWHMD FRP LQYHMD GHOH

1R WHQKR LQYHMD HX R RGHLR1HRPD HVSHURX TXH R LUPRVH H[SOLFDVVH (OH PXLWR H[SHULHQWH SDUD QR SHUFHEHU TXH &K DUOHVHVWDYD EEDGR 0HVPR

DVVLP LQFLWRX R D FRQWLQXDU H SULQFLSDOPHQWH QR ILQDO D DSRVWDU PDLVH PDLV $FKD TXH HOH UHDOPHQWHVDELD" FODUR TXHVDELD 1R FHJR QHPVXUGR SDUD QRWHU YLVWR TXH HX HVWDYD

WHQWDQGR FRQYHQFHU &KDUOHVDVDLU GD PHVD (Q WR FRQFRUGR FRP YRF TXH HOH GHVSUH]YHO 7LQKD FHUWH]D GH TXH LD SHQVDU DVVLP ( SRU LVVR TXHWHP TXH QRVDMXGDU (X" $MXGDU YRFV" JHPHX 1HRPD &RPR SRVVR"3HUHJULQHVHQWRXVH SHUWR GD LUP 6DELD TXH ILFDULD FKRFDGD FRP D LG LD GH URXEDU R YDOH (X GLVVH D &KDUOHVTXH

YRF QR LULD JRVWDU GLVVR 1D WXUDOPHQWH TXH QR JRVWR DOJR 3HUHJULQH TXH YRF QR SRGH ID]HU 7HQKR TXH ID]HU 3UHFLVR UHFXSHUDU R YDOH 1R K RXWUR MHLWR SRUTXH QR K

QHQKXPD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH HX RX &KDUOHVSDJDUPRVD GYLGD 4XDQGR R PDUTXVGHVFREULU TXH R YDOHVXPLX QR LUVXVSHLWDU" 0H VPR TXHVXVSHLWH FRPR SRGHU QRVDFXVDUVH HVWLYHUPRVHP VXD FDVD

FRPR KVSHGHV"1HRPD JRVWDULD GHWHU GLWR TXHVH HOH HUDWR PDX QRWHULD HVFU SXORVQHPPHVPR GH OHY ORV FRUWH 0DVDFKRX PHOKRU ILFDU TXLHWD H 3HUHJULQH FRQWLQXRX

(X OKH FRQWHL TXH R PDUTXV QRV FRQYLGRX H TXH DFHLWDPRV (OH HVSHUDWDPE P TXH FDGD XP GH QV OHYH XPD GDPD 3DUD &KDUOHV HVW WXGR EHPSRGHFRQYLGDU $YULO

4XHP $YULO"


11/84

8PD D WUL] FRP TXHP HOHVDL (VW DSDL[RQDGD SRU &KDUOHV H IDUWXGR R TXHHOH SHGLU 0DV HX QRWHQKR QLQJX P H[FHWR YRF 1HRPD JHPHX H 3HUHJULQFRQWLQXRX UDSLGDPHQWH

6HL TXH QR R WLSR GH IHVWD TXDO YRF GHYHULD LU PDV PHVPR TXH HXFRQKHFHVVH RXWUD PXOKHU QRWHULD FRPR SDJ OD

3DJ OD" UHSHWLX 1HRPD DWQLWD 3RU TXH YRF GHYHULD SDJDU D DO PSDUD LU D XPD IHVWD FRP YRF"

3HUHJULQH ROKRX SDUD HOD H 1HRPDVHQWLX TXH HOH QR LD OKH GL]HU D YHUGD 1R K QHFHVVLGDGH GH UHVSRQGHU SHUJXQWD SHODVLPSOHVUD]R GH TXH YRF

WHP TXH LU FRPLJR 9RF HVSHUWD 1HRPD HWDOYH] FRQVLJD XPD RSRUWXQLGDGH GHDSDQKDU R YDOH R TXH QR DFRQWHFHU FRPLJR RX FRP &KDUOHV

6H SHQVD TXH YRX URXEDU SDUD YRFV HVW PXLWR HQJDQDGR 1R D FKHL SRQHQKXP PRPHQWR TXH HVVD IRV VH DVROXR SDUDVHX SUREOHPD

0XL WR EHPSHQVH HP RXWUD &KDUOHVH HX HVWLYHPRVD QRLWH WRGDWHQWDQGRDFKDU XPD RXWUD DOWHUQDWLYD

1HRPD ILFRX FDODGD $ QLFDVROXR FRQFUHWD HUD TXH SDJDVVHP D GYLGD 0DVFRPR" PHGLGD TXH SHQVDYD QLVVR SDUHFLD OKH TXH R YDOH FRP D DVVLQDWXUD GH3HUHJULQH LD ILFDQGR PDLRU PDLRU PDLRU

6XSRQGR TXH R PDUTXV DSDQKH YRFVURXEDQGR GLVVH OHQWDPHQWH2 TXH DFKD TXH SRGHU DFRQWHFHU" 1XPD VLWXDR GHVHVSHUDGDVHPSUH SRGHPRVWHQWDU HQFRQWUDU XP FRPSUDGRU

SDUD RVRODU 2XWDOYH] HQWUHJ OR DR PDUTXV DR LQYV GH GLQKHLUR 9HQGHU RVRODU" D YR] GH 1HRPD HUD TXDVH XPVXVVXUUR $SH VDU GH TXH DWXDOPHQWH GXYLGR T XH HOH YDOKD GXDVPLO OLEUDV FODUR TXH YDOH PXLWR PDLVGR TXH LVVR GLVVH HOD LQGLJQDGD 9RX OKH GL]HU DOJR 3UHFLVD MXUDU TXH QR FRQWDU D QLQJX P FODUR TXH QR FRQWDUHL&KDUOHVWHQWRX YHQGHU D FDVD GHOH TXDQGR GHFLGLX YLU SDUD /RQGUHV ( R TXH DFRQWHFHX" SHUJXQWRX D LUP MVDEHQGR D UHVSRVWD 1R HQFRQWURX XP QLFR LQWHUHVVDGR 1LQJX P GHVHMD YHOKDVFDVDVGH FDPSR

QHVWH PRPHQWR ( YRFVDEHWDQWR TXDQWR HX TXDQWDVID]HQ GDVIDOLGDVK QR PHUFDGR(UD YHUGDGH 2V ID]HQGHLURV TXHWLQKDPVLGRWR H[DOWDGRV H FRQVL GHUDGRV

LPSRUWDQWHV TXDQGR SURGX]LDP DOLPHQWRV SDUD D JXHUUD FRQWUD 1DSROHR HVWDYDPDJRUD LQGR EDQFDUURWD XP DSVR RXWUR 2VEDQFRVUHFXVDYDP OKHVHPSUVWLPRVH RJRYHUQDGRU LJQRUDYDVHXVSHGLGRVGH DMXGD &RQKHFLD SHOR PHQRVGXDVID]HQGDV HPVHX SUSULR (VWDGR TXHWHQWDYDPVREUHYLYHU GXUDPHQWH WHQGR FRPR HPSUHJDGRVDSHQDVR GRQR HVHXVILOKRV

3HUHJULQH REVHUYRX D H[SUHVVR GHOD H GLVVH 6DEH TXH QR K PDLV QDGD TXH SRVVDPRV ID]HU (WHPRVH[DWDPHQWH XPD

VHPDQD SDUD SHJDU DTXHOH YDOH 2 TXH YRFWHP D ID]HU FRQWDU D YHUGDGH DR PDUTXV ( GHL[DU TXH &KDUOHVDUUDQMH DVGXDVPLO OLEUDV" SHUJXQWRX 3HUHJULQH6HU H[SXOVR GR :KLWH HWHQKR FHUWH]D GH TXH QHQKXP GH QRVVRVDPLJRVIDODU FRP

HOH QRYDPHQWH2 LUPR EDL[RX D YR] PDVORJR JULWRX FRO ULFR 9RX OKH GL]HU DOJR 1HRPDSRVVR PHWRUQDU XP ODGUR RX FRPHWHU TXDOTXHU

RXWUR FULPH PDVQR GHL[DUHL GH DMXGDU PHX PHOKRU DPLJR 1R TXHULGR HX HQWHQGR 0DV HVWRX SHQVDQGR QR TXH GLULD PDPH H FR

SDSDL ILFDULD KRUURUL]DGR


12/84

6H SDSDL QRWLYHVVH LQYHVWLGR QRVVR GLQKHLURWR PDO HX QR HVWDULD QHVVDVLWXDR

1HRPD M RWLQKD RXYLGR GL]HU LVVR DQWHV ( DLQGD D IHULD PHVPR DGPLWLQGR TXH RSDL QXQFD IRUD PXLWR HVSHUWR HP UHODR DRVDVVXQWRVILQDQFHLURV (UD XP KRPHP GHERD QGROH PXLWR LQWHUHVVDGR HPVHXV FDYDORV H VHXV FDFKRUURV SDUDVH SUHRFXSDUFRP DVIOXWXDHV GR PXQGR GRV QHJ FLRV DLQGD TXH SHUFHEHVVH TXHVXD SHTXHQDIRUWXQD HVWDYD GHVDSDUHFHQGR

3HUHJULQHWRPRX DVPRVGHOD 3RU IDYRU DMXGH PH 9RF QXQFD PH IDOWRX 1R SRVVR DFUHGLWDU TXH LVVR

DFRQWHD DJRUD$ PDQHLUD FRPR IDORX H DVSOLFD HPVHXVROKRVIL]HUDP 1HRPD SHU FHEHU TXH Q

SRGHULD UHFXVDU 6HPSUH DGRUDUD R LUPR GHVGH TXH HUD JDURWLQKD 7LQKDP DSHQDVXPDQR GH GLIHUHQD HVHPSUH IRUDP PXLWR XQLGRV

&RPR HUD SUWLFD DR SDVVR TXH 3HUHJULQH HUDWHPHUULR H LPSUXGHQWH GHVGH DPRUWH GRVSDLVIRUD HOD TXHP R JXLDUD H DMXGDUD DSHVDU GH PDLVMRYHP

$JRUD HPERUD R SODQR GHOH IRVVH UHSUHHQVYHO H FKRFDQWH GHYLD DMX G OR RHQWR GHVFREULU XPDVROXR

9RF VDEH TXH GHVHMR DMXG OR TXHULGR $R PHVPR WHPSR HVVDVXD LG LD

PH G KRUURU $ PLP WDPE P 0D VR TXH PDLVSRVVR ID]HU" &KDUOHVHVW WR HQYHUJRQKDGRTXH QR FRQVHJXLULD Y OD

3R VVR HQWHQGHU R TXHVHQWH 7DOYH] QR IXWXUR EHED PHQRV %EDGR RXVEULR &KDUOHVTXDVHVHVXLFLGRX TXDQGRVRXEH TXH SRGHULDWHUVH

OHYDQWDGR GD PHVD FRP PDLVRX PHQRVRLWR PLO OLEUDVQDVPRV 1R DGLDQWD QDGD SHQVDU QLVVR UHVSRQGHX 1HRPD 2 TXHWHUHL TXH ID]HU" $SHQDVILQJLU TXH FRPR $YULO RX FRPR DVRXWUDVPXOK HUHVTXH HVWDUR O 6H $YULO XPD DWUL] FRPR SRVVR UHSUHVHQWDUWR EHP TXDQWR HOD" 3HUHJULQH

ILFRXVHP MHLWR 1R SUHFLVDVHU LJXDO D HODV ILQJLU TXH R PHVPR WLSR GH PXOKHU (X QR HQ WHQGR3HUHJULQH OHYDQWRXVH H GLULJLXVH MDQHOD 6HP ROKDU SDUD HOD GLVVH 2GHLR OKH SHGLU LVVR 0DVSUHFLVR 7HQKR D LQWXLR GH TXH FRQVH JXLU DFKDU R

PDOGLWR YDOH &DOPD TXHULGR (X LUHL 6 TXH SDUD ILQJLUVHU DOJX P SUHFLVR TXH PH

H[SOLTXH H[DWDPHQWH FRPR GHYR DJLU (X H &KDUOHVWHPRVTXDVH FHUWH]D GH TXH QLQJX P LU QRW OD 1R SRGHUVHU

DSUHVHQWDGD FRPR PLQKD LUP PDV XPD DPLJD 'L] &KDUOHV TXH DV IHVWDV GRPDUTXVVR QRWYHLV

1R WYHLVSRU TX"3HUHJULQH QR UHVSRQGHX 'HSRLVGH XP PRPHQWR 1HRPD LQVLVWLX FRQIXVD 1R SR VVR HQWHQGHU SRU TXH R PDUTXV TXLV TXH YRF OHYDVVH XPD GDPD

DPLJD 6HU TXH HOH QR FRQKHFH DOJXPDVVHQKRUDVTXH JRVWDULD GH UHFHSFLRQDU" 1R EHP HVVD HVS FLH GH IHVWD UHVSRQGHX 3HUHJULQH LUULWDGR 7HQ WH HQWHQGHU 1HRPD TXH DVFRQYLGDGDVVHUR DWUL]HV H PXOKHUHVGHVVHWLSR

1R KDYHU GDPDVGH FRPSDQKLD H OWRGR PXQGR HVWDU OLYUH $FKR TXH HQWHQGR 0DV WHQKR D LPSUHVVR GH TXH QR PHVHQWLUHL EHP FODUR TXH QR 0DVQLQJX P YDL SHUFHEHU LVVR H[FHWR QV 9RF GHYH DSHQDV

ILFDU SHUWR GH PLP H IDODU R PHQRVSRVVYHO 1LQJX P QRWDU PXLWR PHQRVR PDUTXV 3RU TXH YRF GL] LVVR" 3RUTXH R PDUTXV IDPRVR SRU FRUWHMDU DVPXOKHUHVPDLVFRWDGDVGH /RQGUHV


13/84

9RF TXHU GL]HU TXH HODVVR D VDWUL]HVPDLVIDPRVDV" 0DL VRX PHQRV L VVR 6HULD DJUDGYHO HQFRQWUDU 0DULD )RRWH RX .LWW\ 6 WHSKHQV 6HPSUH TXLV VDEHU

FRPRVHULDP IRUD GR SDOFR 'HX XPVXVSLUR $LQGD TXH QXQFDWHQKD HVWDGR QRWHDWUR HPERUD YRFWHQKD SURPHWLGR PH OHYDU

(X D OHYDUHLVH YROWDU GH 6\WK FRP R YDOH ( VVH R QRPH GD FDVD GR PDUTXV" FODUR 6\WK XPD GDVFDVDVGH FDPSR PDLVLPSRUWDQWHVGD ,QJODWHUUD (Q WR GHYHVHU PXLWR H[FLWDQWH FRQKHFHU 6\WK DSHVDU GH PHVHQWLU GHVORFDGD

HP DPELHQWHVWR OX[XRVRV'H UHSHQWH GHX XP JULWR 2 TXH IRL" SHUJXQWRX 3HUHJULQH YROWDQGRVH $FDEHL GH OHPEUDU &RPR SRVVR LU FRP YRF" 1RWHQKR URXSDVDSURSULDGDV 9RF H VW EHP DVVLP &RPR OKH GLVVH QLQJX P YDL SUHVWDU DWHQ R 0DVGHYH

FODURVH HPEHOH]DU XP SRXFR SDVVDU EDWRP1HRPD DUUHJDORX RVROKRV L VVR TXH DVDWUL]HVID]HP" 7RGR PXQGR QD DOWDVRFLHGDGH XVD FRVP WLFRV

1XQFD SHQVHL QLVVR (P FDVD QR SUHFLVR QXQFD SLQWDU R URVWR ( GHVGH TXHHVWRX HP /RQGUHV QRWHQKR YLVWR PDLVQLQJX P H[FHWR YRF H &KDUOHV &RPSUH DOJXPD FRLVD 6HU TXH PDPH Q RWHULD DOJR" (OD FRVWXPDYD XVDU S

GH DUUR] 7HQKR FHUWH]D3HQVDYD HQTXDQWR IDODYD TXH HUDWSLFR GH 1HRPD TXHWLQKD D FD EHD QDV

QXYHQV QRWHU QHQKXPD LG LD GR PXQGR GD PRGD RX PHVPR GD SUSULD DSDUQFLD (OH QR OHYDYD HP FRQWD TXH GHVGH TXH RV SDLVWLQKDP PRUULGR HP XP DFLGHQWH

GH FDUUXDJHP 1HRPD YLYHUDV QRVRODU 4XDQGR DWURX[H SDUD /RQGUHV QR KDYLDGLQKHLURVXILFLHQWH SDUD TXH DPERVDSDUHFHVVHP HP VRFLHGDGH (WDPE P QR KDYLDQLQJX P SDUD DFRPSDQKDU D LUP

3HUHJULQH SHQVDYD TXH XPD YH] HVWDEHOHFLGR LULD ID]HUWXGR TXH SXGHVVH SRU1HRPD 0DVHVWDYDP KWUV PHVHVQD FDVLQKD GH &KHOVHD H QR HQFRQWUDYDWHPSRSDUD SHQVDU HP PDLVQLQJX P DO P GHOH PHVPR 1R HUD R PRPHQWR GH DSUHVHQWDUXPD LUP PHVPR DOJX P WR DWUDHQWH FRPR 1HRPD

2OKDQGR SDUD HOD DJRUD FRPRVH D YLVVH SHOD SULPHLUD YH] SHUFHEHX FRDWUDHQWH PXLWR DWUDHQWH 'H IDWR OHPEUDYDVH GHWHU RXYLGR &KDUOHVGL]HU K DSHQDVXP PV

1HRPD ILFD PDLVERQLWD D FDGD GLD /RJR ORJRWHU XPD ILOD GH SUHWHQGHQWHVQD SRUWD

3HUHJULQH ULUD FRPVH D LG LD IRVVH DEVXUGD PDVDJRUD QR HVWDYDWR FHUWR GLVVR7LQKD YLVWR PXLWDVPXOKHUHVDWUDHQWHV GHVGH TXH FKHJDUD D /RQGUHV H SHUFHELD TXH DLUPVH DQGDVVH QD PRGD SRGHULD FRPSHWLU FRP HODV ( JDQKDU

6 SR VVR OKH GDU GRLVJXLQ XV 1HRPD WXGR TXHWHQKR (OD SHJRX R GLQKHLU )DUHL R PHOKRU TXH SXGHU 1R JRVWDULD GH HPEDUD OR &RPSUDUHL DVILWDVQRYDVSDUD UHIRUPDU PHX YHVWLGR H FODUR DOJR SDUD RVOELRV 7DOYH] HQFRQWUH

DOJXQVFRVP WLFRVHQWUH DVFRLVDVGH PDPH 0DVQRWURX[H PXLWR FRPLJR ,QIHOL]PHQWH QR SRGHPRVDOXJDU XPD FDUUXDJHP SDUD LU DWRVRODU SURFXUDU 1HRPDVXVSLURX 6H SXGVVHPRV 6HULDWR ERP YHU RVMDUGLQVIORULGRV (OH VDLQGD HVWDUR O TXDQGR YROWDUPRVSDUD FDVD $JRUD FRQFHQWUHVH QR TXH

WHPRVTXH ID]HU GHSRLVGH DPDQK ,UHPRVSDUD DVFRUULGDV"


14/84

( VVD D UD]R GD IHVWD 6\WK ILFD D DSHQDVGH] TXLOPHWURVGH /RQGUHVH FLQFRGH (SVRP 'RZQV

6HPSUH TXLVLU VFRUULGDV GLVVH 1HRPD YHUGDGH TXH R PDUTXVGHYHYHQF ODV"

6HX FDYDOR R 'LDPRQG R IDYRULWR H R PDUTXVWHP VRUWH HPWXGR TXHWRFD&RP FHUWH]D JDQKDU

1R JR VWR GHVVH WRP GH LQYHMD HPVXD YR] GLVVH 1HRPD ,VVR XPYHQHQRWHUUYHO TXHVH LQILOWUD QDVYHLDVH GRPLQD DTXHOHVTXH RVHQWHP

3HUHJULQH SDVVRX R EUDR HP YROWD GRVRPEURVGD LUP 7HP UD]R 0DVDGPLWR 1HRPD TXHVLQWR LQYHMD TXDQGR YHMR RXWURVKRPHQV

GD PLQKD LGDGH MRJDUHP GLQKHLUR IRUD 6HL TXH LVVR GXUR PDVYRFWHP VDGH IRUD H PXLWD LQWHOL JQFLD3HUHJULQH ULX H SX[RX D PDLVSDUD SHUWR 9RF VHPSUH PH FRQYHQFH GH TXH DVFRLVDVQRVRWR PVFRPR SDUHFHP

6 TXH GHVWD YH] HVWDPRVQXPD HQUDVFDGD GRVGLDERV (X VHL TXHULGR 7HQWDUHPRVVDLU GHOD DLQGD TXH QR PRPHQWR QRVDLED FRPR (OD SDURX (QWR GLVVH HP YR] EDL[D 9RX UH]DU YRX UH]DU PXLWR 3HUHJULQH SDUD TXH KDMD RXWUD DOWHU QDWLYD SDUD

YRF H &KDUOHV+RXYHVLOQFLR SRU XP PRPHQWR 1R K QLQJX P FRPR YRF 1HRPD (VWRX PXLWR JUDWR (X VHL TXHULGR H QR SRGHPRV QRV GHVHVSHUDU 0DV FRQIHVVR T XHWHQKR

PHGR GDTXLOR TXH GHYHPRVID]HU&RPR 3HUHJULQH GLVVHUD TXDOVHULD D RXWUD DOWHUQDWLYD" 3UHFLVDYD DMXG OR


15/84

Captulo II

&RPR HVWRX" 1HRPD SHUJXQWRX TXDQGR R LUPR DSDUHFHX SDUD OTXH D FDUUXDJHP MWLQKD FKHJDGR SDUD OHY ORVD 6\WK

7XGR EHP UHVSRQGHX PDVHOD SHUFHEHX TXH PDO D ROKRX- HVWDYD TXDVHVH DFRVWXPDQGR FRP DTXHOD LQGLIHUHQD GH 3HUHJULQHVWDYD

VHPSUH PXLWR PDLVSUHRFXSDGR FRP HOH PHVPR 0DV KRMH SRU TXHUHUVH DSUHVHQWDUH[DWDPHQWH FRPR HOH SUHFLVDYD JRV WDULD GH XP SRXFR PDLVGH DWHQR

7LQKD SHUFRUULGR DVORMDVSU[LPDV SURFXUD GH ILWDVEDUDWDV $FKRX GXDV XPDSUDWHDGD SDUD D QRLWH H D RXWUD GH XPWRP FRU GH URVD PXLWR ERQLWR TXH IDULD FRPTXHVHXWUDMH ILFDVVH PXLWR HOHJDQWH

6HULD PXLWR PDLV IFLO SHQVDYD GHVDQLPDGDVH D PRGD FRQWLQXDVVH FRPR QRFRPHR GRVFXOR TXDQGR DVPXOKHUHV YHVWLDP PXVVHOLQD EUDQFD (UD EHP YHUGTXH QR XVDYDP TXDVH QDGD SRU EDL[R PDVXP WUDMH DVVLPVHULD PDLVVLPSOHVH EDUDWR

'H VGH TXH D IRUWXQD GR SDLWLQKD DFDEDGR HOD PHVPD ID]LDVHXVYHVWLGRV HUD GH

IDWR XPD H[PLD FRVWXUHLUD 1LQJX P FRVWXUDWR EHP FRPR YRF TXHULGD GLVVHUD D PH PXLWDVYH]HV$ PHGLGD TXHVHWRUQDYD PDLVGLIFLO JDVWDU GLQKHLUR FRP RXWUD FRLVD TXH QR D

FRPLGD 1HRPDVHQWLDVH IHOL] HP SRGHU UHIRUPDU DVURXSDVGD PH H DSURYHLWD UWXGRTXH SXGHVVH HQFRQWUDU HP FDVD 'XUDQWH D JXHUUD DVUD 6WDQGLVK KDYLD FRPSUDGR XPDERD TXDQWLGDGH GH PHWURV GH XPD ERQLWD PXVVHOLQD GDTXHODVGH WLPD TXDOLGDGHDSURSULDGDVSDUDWUDMHVGH QRLWH

&RPR 1HRPD JRVWDYD GH ILFDU HOHJDQWH TXDQGR 3HUHJULQH HVWDYD HP FDVD WLQKDIHLWR GRLVERQLWRVYHVWLGRVH DJRUD HVSHUDYD HPERUD GXYL GDVVH TXHVHUYLVVHP SDUD DIHVWD HP 6\WK

7HYH PXLWRWUDEDOKR HP FRSLDU RVPRGHORVGR 7KH /DGLHV-RXUQDO TXH JHUDOPHQWH

SXEOLFDYD RVPDLVHODERUDGRVWUDMHVXVDGRVQRVEDLOHVGD &RUWH RX FULDHVGH 3DULV1R HQWDQWR FRPR HUD FULDWLYD FRQVHJXLX DGDSWDU DV OLQKDV EVLFDV H DFKDYD TXH RUHVXOWDGR HUDVDWLVIDWULR

7LQKD ILFDGR LQGHFLVD FRP R TXH XVDU QD FKHJDGD D 6\WK FRPR GL]LD R SDL DSULPHLUD LPSUHVVR GHYHVHU D PDLVIDYRUYHO 1HRPD QR TXHULD SUHMXGLFDUGHL[DQGR TXHVHXVDPLJRVSHQVDVVHP TXH D QLFD FRPSDQKLD TXH HOH FRQVHJXLUD HUDXPD JDURWD GR FDPSRVHP QHQKXPWRTXH GD HOHJQFLD ORQGULQD

&RPELQRX R PHOKRU YHVWLGR GH GLD TXH SRVVXD FRP DV ILWDV FRU GH URVDFRORFDQGR DVQR FKDS X TXH QR HVWDYD QD OWLPD PRGD PDVHUD R QLFR TXHWLQKD2OKRXVH QR HVSHOKR DQVLRVD 3RUVHU PXLWR PRGHVWD QR QRWRX TXH HVWDYD UHDOPHQWHEDVWDQWH DWUDHQWH

+HUGDUD GR SDL D SHOH PRUHQD H GD PH ORXUD RWRP GH FREUH TXDVHDYHUPHOKDGR QR FDEHOR FDVWDQKR $VUD 6WDQGLVKWLQKDWDPE P DTXHOHVHQRUPHVROKRVFODURV GH FKDPDU D DWHQR

1HRPDWLQKDVLGR XPD FULDQD OLQGD H HPERUD R LUPR QR QRWDVVH WRUQDUD VH GHXPD EHOH]D TXH D ID]LD GLIHUHQWH HP PXLWRVVHQWLGRV GDVJDURWDVGHVXD LGDGH 7LQKDWUDRV GHOLFDGRVH FOVVLFRVQXP URVWR RYDO PDV FRPR HUD FDOPD HWPLGD SDVVDYDIDFLOPHQWH GHVSHUFHELGD HQTXDQWR RXWUDV EHOH]DV PDLV YLVWRVDV DUUHEDWDYDP RVROKDUHV

$JRUD FRP XP OHYH UXERU QDV IDFHV SRUTXH HVWDYD QHUYRVD H FRP RV OELRVSLQWDGRV FRQIRUPH 3HUHJULQH PDQGDUD HVWDYD DGRUYHO


16/84

1R IRLVXUSUHVD SRUWDQWR TXDQGRVLU &KDUOHV :DGGHVGRQ YLQGR DR YHVWEXORSDUD YHU R TXH RVHVWDYD DWUDVDQGR H[FODPRX

0HX 'HX V 1HRPD 'LILFLOPHQWH UHFRQKHFHULD YRF DUUXPDGD GHVVH MHLWR 2EULJDGD &KDUOHV UHVSRQGHXVRUULQGR H GXDVFRYLQKDVOKH DSDUHFHUDP QDV

IDFHV 9RF GLVVH H[DWDPHQWH R TXH HX JRVWDULD GH RXYLU 3HUHJULQH OKH FRQWRX TXDOR QRPH TXH HVFROKL"

1R H VTXHFHX ( SRU IDYRU QR GHL[H TXH QLQJX P HVSHFLDO PHQWH RPDUTXV VDLED TXH LUP GH 3HUHJULQH (OH SRGHULDVHU FHQVXUDGR SRU OHY OD D XGDVSRXFR UHVSHLWYHLVIHVWDVGH 6\WK

3HUHJULQH M KDYLD GLWR TXH HX QR GHYLD LU O GLVVH 1HRPD HPEDUDDGDPDVQR KDYLD RXWUD PDQHLUD GH DMXG OR

6LP HX VHL H PXLWR ERQLWR GHVXD SDUWH ID]HU LVVR &KDUOHVKHVLWRX 6TXH DJRUD TXH D YLVLQWR TXH GHYDPRVPXGDU QRVVRVSODQRV

2K SHOR DPRU GH 'HXV &KDUOHV 3HUHJULQH LQWHUURPSHX LUULWDGR QRFRPHFH D DOWHUDU QRVVRVSODQRVQR OWLPR PRPHQWR 6DEH PXLWR EHP TXH QR FRQKHRQLQJX P FRPR $YULO SDUD OHYDU FRPLJR $O P GLVVR FRQFRUGDPRV FRP D DMXGD GH1HRPDHODWHP PDLVFKDQFH GH HQFRQWUDU R YDOH

6H R DVVXQWR QR IRVVH WR VULR 1HRPDWHULD ULGR GD PDQHLUD FRPR R L

IDORXSDUHFLD TXH HUDP QRYDPHQWH JDURWLQKRV EULQFDQGR GH FDD DRWHVRXUR 2OKRX SDUD HOH DQVLRVD 9RF UHDOPHQWH TXHU TXH HX Y" - GLVVH TXHWHP TXH LU $JRUD QR SRGHPRVDOWHUDU RVSODQRV )DORX ROKDQGR

SDUD &KDUOHV 2 DPLJR GLVVH UDSLGDPHQWH 1R FODUR TXH QR 'HVFXOSH R TXH HX GLVVH V TXH DFKR 1HRPD ERQLWD

GHPDLVSDUDVH PLVWXUDU FRP DTXHOHWLSR GH JHQWH TXH HVWDU HP 6\WK 1 V WRPDUHPRVFRQWD GHOD (VHU PHOKRU TXH IDOH R PHQRV SRVVYHO - OKH

GLVVH SDUD ILFDU IRUD GR DOFDQFH GR PDUTXV (OH HVWDU PXLWR RFXSDGR UHVSRQGHX &KDUOHV PD V'DGFKHWWWDPE P YDL

H YRFVDEH FRPR HOH 1HRPD HVW DYLVDGD SDUD ILFDU JUXGDGD D QVH HYLWDU TXDOTXHU RXWUR KRPHP

$SHVDU GLVVR TXHULGDVH &KDUOHV DFKD TXH YRF HVW PXLWR ERQLWD WUDWH GH QRDSDUHFHU PXLWR

7HQKR FHUWH]D GH TXH QLQJX P YDL PH QRWDU UHVSRQGHX DSUHVVDGD (Q WR YDPRV&KDUOHVQRVH PRYHX H GLVVH D 1HRPD 9RF LD PH GL]HU TXDO R QRPH TXH HVFROKHX 6LP FODUR $FKHL TXH GHYHULDVHU DOJR EHPVLPSOHV SDUD TXH QR QRV

HVTXHFVVHPRV 3HQVHL HP .LQJ SRUTXH PRUDPRVSHUWR GD .LQJV5RDG XPD ERD LG LD H[FODPRX &KDUOHV 1HRPD .LQJ 3DUHFH EDVWDQWH

YLVWRVR PDV WRPH FXLGDGR FRP R TXH GL] SHUWR GH $YULO SRUTXH HOD PX LWRPH[HULTXHLUD

$TXHOD REVHUYDR IH] FRP TXH 1HRPDVH VHQWLVVH DLQGD PDLV LQVH JXUD PDV3HUHJULQH M HVWDYD OHYDQGRVXD SHTXHQD PDOHWD SDUD IRUD RQGHVH HQFRQWUDYD DFDUUXDJHP

7LQKDP GLVFXWLGR PXLWR VREUH TXHWLSR GHWUDQVSRUWH GHYLDP DOXJDU SDUD LUW6\ WK H 3HUHJULQH FODUR HVFROKHUD XP FDUUR DEHUWR 0DVDTXHOHWLSR GH FDUURV SRGLDWUDQVSRUWDU FRQIRUWDYHOPHQWH GXDV SHVVRDV H DOXJDU GRLV VHULD XPD GHVSHVD PXLWRJUDQGH

3DUD SLRUDU $YULO GLVVHUD D &KDUOHV TXH QRWLQKD D PHQRU LQWHQR GHGHVHPEDUFDU FRP R FDEHOR GHVSHQWHDGR 2X PROKDGR FDVR FKRYHVVH 'HFLGLUDP


17/84

HQWR SRU XPD FDUUXDJHP GH YLDJHP IHFKDGD QD TXDO DVGXDVPRDVLULDPVHQWDGDVQR EDQFR GHWUV FRP RVFDYDOKHLURVGHIURQWH GHODV

6H K XPD FRLVD GH TXH UHDOPHQWH QR JRVWR VHUWUDQVSRUWDGR SRU XP YHFXORH QR FRQVHJXLU YHU SDUD RQGH HVWRX LQGR GLVVH 3HUHJULQH

0DV DTXHOH HUD R PHQRU GRV PDOHV 7XGR R TXH IRUD GLWR VREUH 6\WK GHL[DUD1HRPD PDLVQHUYRVD H GHVDMHLWDGD D UHVSHLWR GR SDSHO TXH GHYLD UHSUHVHQWDU

1R KDYLD GYLGD GH TXHVXD PH ILFDULD KRUURUL]DGDVH D YLVVH HP XPD IHVWDFRP PXOKHUHVTXHVDELD QRVHULDP UHFHSFLRQDGDVHP VXD FDVD

$ VUD 6WDQGLVKWLQKDVHPSUHVH UHIHULGR D DWUL]HVFRPR FULDWXUDVLQIHULRUHV FRPDVTXDLVHOD H FHUWDPHQWH QHQKXPD GHVXDVDP LJDV QXQFD LULDVH PLVWXUDU

$LQGD TXH 1HRPD QRWLYHVVH LG LD GR TXH 3HUHJULQH TXLVHUD GL]HU TXDQGRVHUHIHULUD TXHOD HVS FLH GH PXOKHUVHQWLD TXH HODVHUDP GLVFXWYHLVH ILFDYD FDGD YH]PDLVSUHRFXSDGD FRP RWLSR GH SDSHO TXH LULD UHSUHVHQWDU

(UD H[FLWDQWH LU D 6\WK H DVVLP HVFDSDU QHP TXH IRVVH SRU SRXFR GHVXDH[LVWQFLDVROLWULD QD FDVD GD 5R\DO $YHQXH PDV EHP TXH JRVWD ULD GH SRGHUVHUK VSHGH O HP FLUFXQVWQFLDVGLIHUHQWHV

3DVVDUD D QRLWH HP FODUR SHQVDQGR HP FRPRVHULD SRVVYHO HQFRQWUDU R YDOH FRPD DVVLQDWXUD GH 3HUHJULQH QDTXHOD FDVD HQRUPH PHVPR TXHWLYHVVHP XPD PQLPD

LG LD GH RQGH R PDUTXVJXDUGDYDVXDVFRLVDV0DV TXDQGR IDORX GHVXDV SUHRFXSDHV D 3HUHJULQH HOHVLPSOHVPHQWHUHVSRQGHX

1R VH SUHRFXSH 9HUHPRVR TXH G SDUD GHVFREULU TXDQGR HVWLYHUPRVO0XLWRVKRPHQVJXDUGDP HVVDVFRLVDVQXPD HVFULYDQLQKD RX QR TXDUWR

9RF QR HVW SHQVDQGR TXH YRX HQWUDU QR TXDUWR GR PDUTXV QR " 1R SUHFLVDU ID]HU LVVR &KDUOHVRX HX GDUHPRVXPD ROKDGD 7HPRV V TXH

XVDU D FDEHD H LPDJLQDU TXHVRPRVGHWHWLYHV FRPR DTXH OHVGD %RZ 6WUHHW1HRPD SHQVRX FRP XPVXVSLUR TXH HVWDYD FRPHDQGR XP GDTXHOHVMRJRVGH

PHQWLUD HWLQKD FHUWH]D GH TXH YROWDULDP GH 6\WK FRP DVPRVWR YD]LDVFRPRWLQKDPFKHJDGR 0DV QR DGLDQWDYD GL]HU LVVR IRVVH FRPR IRVVH GHYLD DMXGDU 3HUHJUSRUTXH HOH SUHFLVDYD

4XDQGR R LUPR FRORFRX D PDOHWD MXQWR DR FRFKHLUR H DEULX D SRUWD GD FDUUXDJHP1HRPDVXELX HQYHUJRQKDGDVDEHQGR TXH $YULO HVWDYD HVSHUDQGR O GHQWUR 6HQWLX VHH[DPLQDGD SRU ROKLQKRVTXH EULOKDYDPVRE XP FKDS XWRWDOPHQWH FREHUWR GH SHQDVGHDYHVWUX] YHUGH HVPHUDOGD HQTXDQWR XPD PRVH HVWHQGLD SDUD HOD H XPD YR] FDOVDH DPLJD PDVYXOJDU GL]LD

$O ( VWDYD FRPHDQGR D DFKDU TXH YRF QR YLULD 'H VFXOSHVH D GHL[HL HVSHUDQGR$YULO HUD PXLWR PDLVERQLWD H YLVWRVD GR TXH LPDJLQDUD 7LQKD FDEHOR HVFXUR ROKRV

WDPE P HVFXURV FRP ORQJRVFOLRV ( VWDYD PXLWR PDTXLODGD H XVDYD XP YHVWLGR GHVHGD YHUGH HVPHUDOGD TXH UHYHODYD FDGD FXUYD GHVHX FRUSR DO P GH GHL[DU PRVWUDXPD JDUJDQWLOKD GH GLDPDQWHV TXH FRPELQDYD FRP RVEULQFRV

$FKR TXH YDLVHU GLYHUWLGR GLVVH D 1HRPD 4XDVH QR DFUHGLWHL TXDQGR&KDUOHV FRQWRX TXHWQKDPRV VLGR FRQYLGDGRV SDUD 6\WK 1XQFD LPDJLQHL TXH R0DUTXV3UHVXQRVR IRVVH FRQYLGDU D SHTXHQD $YULO

0DUTXV3UHVXQRVR " UHSHWLX 3HUHJULQH XP ERP QRPH SDUD HOH D VVLP TXH DVJDURWDVGRWHDWUR R FKDPDP SRUTXH DQGDVHPSUH FRP DTXHOH

QDUL] SDUD FLPDVYH]HV HOH DSDUHFH SDUD YHU PDGDPH 9HVWXVH ROKD SDUD QVFRPRVH IVVHPRVVXMHLUDVREVHXVSV

&RPR HOH QRVWUDWDWDPE P ULX &KDUOHV


18/84


19/84

9RF WHP GLQKHLURVXILFLHQWH SDUD SDJDU HVWD FDUUXDJHP" SHUJXQWRX D&KDUOHV

'HL[H LVVR FRPLJR UHVSRQGHX R RXWUR &RQVHJXLVDFDU XP FKHTXH SUGDWDGR 6H QR SHUGHUPRVQDVDSRVWDV WHUHPRVR EDVWDQWH SDUDWRGD D YLVLWD

3HUGHU" UHSHWLX 1HRPD FRP XP JULWR 1HQKXP GH YRFVYDL DSRVWDU(QTXDQWR IDODYD FRPSUHHQGHX TXHWDO SURFHGLPHQWR HVWDYD IRUD GR SDSHO TXH

GHYLD UHSUHVHQWDU $YULO ROKRX DVXUSUHVD H GMVVH 9RF WRPD FRQWD GR GLQKHLUR GH 3HUHJULQH H GHL[D &KDUOHVFRPLJR 6HL TXH HOH

QRWHP PXLWR PDVR TXHWHP PHX H HX OKH GLUHL SRU TX TXDQGR HVWLYHUPRVDV V ( VSHUR TXH QR IDD QDGD GLVVR GLVVH &KDUOHV UDSLGDPHQWH 1HRPD QR

TXHU FRQKHFHU RVGHWDOKHVQWLPRVGHVXD YLGD 3RU TXH QR" 1R VHJUHGR TXH 9RVVD ([FHOQFLD QRVROWD GL QKHLUR

IDFLOPHQWH1DTXHOH PRPHQWR D FDUUXDJHP SDURX DR ODGR GRVGHJUDXVTXH FRQ GX]LDP SRUWD

GD IUHQWH H 1HRPDVH HVTXHFHX GR TXH $YULO HVWDYD GL] HQGR DR ROKDU SDUD PHLGH ODFDLRV HP UHVSODQGHFHQWHVOLEUHV SRVWDGRVDOL SDUD LUHP DEULQGR DVFDUUXDJHQV

+DYLD XPWDSHWH YHUPHOKR SRU RQGH SDVVDU )LFRXVDWLVIHLWD SRU $YULOVDLU SULPHLURFRPVHX YHVWLGR GHVHGD IDUIDOKDQWH DVSHQDVGR FKDS X DJLWDQGRVH

(UD EHP PDLVEDL[D GR TXH 1HRPD LPDJLQDUD 3HQVRX GLYHUWLGD TXH SDUHFLD QDYHUGDGH XP SHTXHQR SHULTXLWR FRORULGR H RUJXOKRVR GHVXD SOXPDJHP DSHVDU GH HVWDUQXP DPELHQWHWR LPSUHVVLRQDQWH

2 YHVWEXOR GRVRODU HUDWR LPSRQHQWH FRPR R H [WHULRU FRP GXDV LPHQVDVHVFDGDVH SDUHGHVFREHUWDVFRP SLQWXUDVILQDVH HVWUDQKDVHVW WXDVGH PUPRUH

0DVQR KRXYHWHPSR SDUD SUHVWDU DWHQR HP QDGD D QRVHUVHJXLU R PRUGRPRTXH RVFRQGX]LX DWUDYV GH XP LPHQVR FRUUHGRU RQGH H[LV WLDP PDLVHVWWXDV SLQWXUDVH PYHLV FRLVDVTXH HOD DGRUDULD SRGHU H[DPLQDU PHOKRU

7DQWR &KDUOHV TXDQWR 3HUHJULQH FDPLQKDYDP DWUV GHOD HPVLOQFLR $QGDUDPSHOR TXH SDUHFLDVHU XPD LPHQVD DYHQLGD DW XPD SRUWD DEHUWD (QWUDUDP HVHHQFRQWUDUDP QXPD HQRUPHVDOD PD LV LPSRQHQWH GR TXH R UHVWR GD FDVD TXH MFRQKHFLDPKDYLDVRIV H FDGHLUDV GH YHOXGR HPROGXUDGRV HP GRXUDGR XPDTXDQWLGDGH LPHQVD GH MDQHODV FXMDVFRUWLQDVWLQKDP EDQGRVWDPE P GRXUDGRV H XPDODUHLUD GH PUPRUH

(QWR RVROKRVDGPLUDGRVGH 1HRPDVH IL[DUDP QR KRPHP TXH FRQYHUVDYD FRPPXLWRV FDYDOKHLURV WR HOHJDQWHV FRPR 3HUHJULQH RX &KDU OHV H WUV PXOKHUHV WRFRORULGDVH HVSDOKDIDWRVDVFRPR $YULO

1R SUHFLVRX TXH QLQJX P OKH GLVVHVVH TXH DTXHOH HUD R PDUTXVGH 5RV\ WK MTXH HOH SDUHFLD GRPLQDU QR DSHQDVVHXVFRQYLGDGRV PDVWRGD DVDOD

1XQFD SHQVDUD TXH XP KRPHP SXGHVVHVHUWR GLVWLQWR (UD PXLWR DOWR H GLJQR (WLQKD XPD H[SUHVVR LPSUHVVLRQDQWH 3DUHFLD EYLR SRU TXH $YULO R FKDP0DUTXV3UHVXQRVR VHX FLQLVPR H GHVG P OKH GDYDP R DU GH GRQR GR PXQGRDLQGD MRYHP DSHVDU GDVOLQKDVGR URVWR H GRVROKRVGXURV

2 PRUGRPR SHUJXQWRX D 3HUHJULQH H &KDUOHV RV VHXV QRPHV H 1HRPD DFKRXHVWUDQKR TXH RV FDYDOKHLURV IRVVHP DQXQFLDGRV H HOD H $YULO SHUPDQHFHVVHPDQQLPDV

6LU &KDUOHV:DGGHVGRQ H RVHQKRU 3HUHJULQH 6WDQGLVK VHQKRU 2VGRLVQRPHVSHUGHUDPVH QD LPHQVD VDOD 1HRPDVHQWLXVH VXELWDPHQWH HQFROKHU DW TXDVH VHWRUQDU LQYLVYHO

2 PDUTXVHVWHQGHX D PR SDUD &KDUOHV ( VWRX IHOL] HP Y OR :DGGHVGRQ ( D YRF 6WDQGLVK


20/84

3R VVR DSUHVHQW OR VUWD $YULO /LVOH" SHUJXQWRX &KDUOHV (OD HVWWUDEDOKDQGR QD SHUD GRV0HQGLJRV

3UHFLVR LU DVVLVWLU 6H R VHQKRU QRVH OHPEUD GH PLP HX PH OHPEUR GRVHQKRU PXLWR EHP HOD

SURYRFRX 1R PH H VTXHFHUHL PDLV GLVVH R PDUTXV1HRPD QRWRX TXH HOH IDODUD QR FRPRVH IL]HVVH XP FXPSULPHQWR PDVFRPRVH

MRJDVVH XPD PRHGD D XP PHQGLJR LPSRUWXQR 2 VHQKRU M RXYLX D KLVWULD GR FDVDPHQWR GHVXD DPLJD PDGDPH 9HVWXV"

SHUJXQWRX $YULO GHWHUPLQDGD D PDQWHU D DWHQR GHOH 6XSRQKR TXHVLP PDVFRQWH PH 4XDQGR PDGDPH HVWDYD SDUDVH FDVDU GLVVH QRVTXH DQWHV FRQIHVVDULD DRVU

9HVWXVWRGRVRVVHXVDPRUHV$YULO ROKRX SURYRFDWLYDPHQWH SDUD R PDUTXV HQTXDQWRWHUPLQDYD $ D WUL] TXH DVXEVWLWXD H[FODPRX4XH PHPULD PDUDYLOKRVD 7RGRVRVTXH

HVWDYDP DR ODGR GR PDUTXV ULUDP UXLGRVDPHQWH PDV HOH YLURXVH GH $YULO SDUD1HRPD H 3HUHJULQH GLVVH DSUHVVDGR

6U WD .LQJVHQKRU

1HRPD IH] XPD UHYHUQFLD H SRU XP PRPHQWR VXD PRWRFRX D GHOH 2VGHGRVHUDP IULRV WR IULRV SHQVRX TXDQWR D PDQHLUD FRPRWUDWDYDVHXVFRQYLGDGRV 3RU TXHIL]HUD TXHVWR GH FRQYLG ORV"

$ VHQKRULWD HVW HP FHQD DWXDOPHQWH" 1R VHQKRU(OH GHVYLRX R ROKDU SDUD 3HUHJULQH H 1HRPDWHYH D LPSUHVVR GH TXH DOJR R

VXUSUHHQGHUD HPERUD QR SXGHVVHVDEHU R TX2 VGRLV KRPHQVIRUDP HQWR DSUHVHQWDGRV DRV RXWURV FRQYLGDGRV H XP FULDGR

DSDUHFHX FRP XPD EDQGHMD GH SUDWD FRPWDDV GH FKDPSDQKH 1HRPD SHJRX XPDWDD SRUTXHVDELD TXH HVSHUDYDP LVVR GHOD 0DV QD YHUGDGHV WLQKDWRPDGRFKDPSDQKH XPD YH] QR 1DWDO

%HEHX GHYDJDU FRP PHGR GR HIHLWR H ILFRXVXUSUHVD FRP DV RXWUDV PXOKHUHVTXH HVYD]LDYDPWDD DSVWDD

+DYLD DJRUD PDLVFRQYLGDGRV H FRPR 3HUHJULQH SDUHFLD GLVWUDGR FRQYHUVDQGRVREUH RV P ULWRV GRVFDYDORVTXH LULDP FRUUHU QR GLDVHJXLQWH 1HRPD DIDVWRXVH XPSRXFR GR JUXSR 4XHULD GDU XPD ROKDGD QDVSLQWXUDVGDVSDUHGHVH QRVPYHLV

*RVWDULDWDQWR TXH D PH SXGHVVH HVWDU DOL FRP HOD $VUD 6WDQGLVK QRV ILFDULDHPRFLRQDGD FRP DTXHOHVWHVRXURV PDVWDPE P VDEHULD D KLVWULD GHOHV 'HYLD H[LVWLUDOJX P QDTXHOD FDVD TXH SXGHVVH OKH GL]HU R TXH GHVHMDYDVDEHU SHQVRX

( VWDYDWR HQWUHWLGD TXH QR RXYLD QDGD GR TXH HUD GLWR SHORVRXWURVFRQYLGDGRVDWYHU $YULO H R PDUTXVHQWUDUHP QR YHVWEXOR

0LQKD JRYHUQDQWD YDL PRVWUDUVHXVTXDUWRV GLVVH R PDUTXVGLULJLQGRVH DHOD

6HJXLQGR D JRYHUQDQWD VXELX D HVFDGDULD REVHUYDQGR RV GRXUDGRVH R ERQLWRGHVHQKR HODERUDGR TXH HUD FHUWDPHQWH IUDQFV 2XWUD YH] FDPLQKDYDP SRU XPVHP ILP GH FRUUHGRUHV $ V RXWUDV FRQYLGDGDV

MXQWDUDPVH D HODVH SDUHFLD XPD YHUGDGHLUD SURFLVVR )LQDO PHQWH D JRYHUQDQWD SDURXH DEULX XP SRUWD

$ VHQKRULWD ILFD DTXL1HRPD HQWURX QXP GRVTXDUWRVPDLVERQLWRVTXH M YLUD FRP SDUH GHVFRU GH URVD

H VREUH D FDPD XP GRVVHO HQFLPDGR SRU XPD FRURD 4XH HQFDQWDGRU


21/84

FRQKHFLGR FRPR R 4XDUWR GD 5DLQKD GRV ( VFRFHVHV H[SOLFRX DJRYHUQDQWD SRUTXH 0DU\ 6WXDUW GRUPLX DTXL

,QWHUHVVDQWH (VSHURVRQKDU FRP HOD 2X VR GL]HU TXH WHU RXWUDVFRLVDVFRP TXHVRQKDUVHQKRULWD UHVSRQGHX D

YHOKD QXP WRP GHVDSURYDGRU $WUDYHVVRX R TXDUWR H DEULX XPD SRUWD SHUWR 2 FDYDOKHLUR TXH D DFRPSDQKD HVW DTXL DR ODGR (VWD D SRUWD GH FRPXQLFDR

1HRPD HVWDYD SUHVWHVD GL]HU FRPRVHVHQWLD IHOL] SRU WHU 3HUHJULQH SRUVOHPEURXVH GH TXH QLQJX P VDELD TXH HOH HUDVHX LUPR

'XDVMRYHQVFULDGDVGHVID]LDPV D PDOD H SHQGXUDYDPVHXVYHVWLGRV 3RGH PHGL]HU D TXH KRUDVR MDQWDUVHUVHUYLGR" SHUJXQWRX

2 V FRQYLGDGRV VR HVSHUDGRV QRVDOR IUDQFV GDTXL D TXDUHQWD H FLPLQXWRV VHQKRULWD UHVSRQGHX D JRYHUQDQWD H 6XD ([FHOQFLD QR JRVWD TXDQGRDOJX P VH DWUDVD

(X QR PH DWUDVDUHL GLVVH LPSXOVLYDPHQWH 1RVHULD HGXFDGR7HYH D LPSUHVVR GH YHU DVRPEUD GH XPVRUULVR QR URVWR GD JRYHU QDQWD 8PD GD VFULDGDVYLU DMXG OD DVH DUUXPDU HVHX EDQKR HVW SURQWR QR TXDU

GH YHVWLU D SU[LPD SRUWD 4XH OX[XRVR 1XQFD YL XPD FDVD WR PDJQILFD FRP WHVRXURVWR LQFUYHLV

2OKRX QHUYRVDPHQWH SDUD D JRYHUQDQWD H FRPSOHWRX 6H D VHQKRUD WLYHU XP PLQXWR GXUDQWH PLQKD HVWDGD DTXL TXHPVDEH SRGHULDPH FRQWDU DOJR D UHVSHLWR GD KLVWULD GH 6\WK"

$ PXOKHU SDUHFHXV USUHVD )LFR IHOL] DR Y OD LQWHUHVVDGDVHQKRULWD 2VU *UH\VWRQH R DGPLQLVWUDGRU

SRGHU LQIRUP ODVREUH WXGR TXH TXLVHU 6HU PDUDYLOKRVR ( FRPR SRVVR HQFRQWU OR" (OH WHP XP HVFULWULR QD DOD OHVWH 6H SHGLU XP GRVFULDGRVD OHYDU DW O 2EULJDGD 0XLWR REULJDGD SRU WHU PH GLWR LVVR2XWUD YH] LPDJLQRX TXH D JRYHUQDQWD ILFDUDV USUHVD FRP R WRP LP SDFLHQWH G

V D YR] (QWR FRP PHGR GHVH DWUDVDU FRPHRX D WLUDU R FKDS(QTXDQWRVH EDQKDYD HVH YHVWLD ILFRX SHQVDQGRVH FRQVHJXLULD HQ FRQWUD

FDPLQKR SDUD RVDOR IUDQFV 2XYLX XPD EDWLGD QD SRUWD GH FRPXQLFDR HDSDUHFHX

( VWDYD HVSHUDQGR TXH YRF YLHVVH GLVVH HOD 1R JRVWDULD GH GHVFHUVR]LQKD

FODUR TXH QR ,UHPRVMXQWRV 9RF M YLX TXH FDVD PDLV IDQWVWLFD" *RVWDULD TXH PDPH HVWL YHVVH DTXL

&RPR HOD LULDVH GHOLFLDU FRP DVSLQWXUDV ( G XPD ROKDGD QD PLQKD FDPD 7HQKD FXLGDGR FRP R TXH GL] DYLVRX ROKDQGR SRU FLPD GHVHXVRPEURV

1LQJX P SRGH RXYL OD FRQYHUVDQGR FRPLJRVREUH QRVVD PH 1R YHMR SRU TXH QR $O P GLVVR YRF SRGH WHU PH FRQKHFLGR M K

WHPSR HVH HQFRQWUDGR FRP PLQKD PH 3HOR DPRU GH 'HXV 1HRPD 1LQJX P SRGHVHTXHU LPDJLQDU TXH QV QRVFRQKHFHPRVPXLWR EHP1HRPD OHPEURXVH GH $YULO H GLVVH ( VWDYDV SURYRFDQGR TXHULGR $FKR PHVPR TXH PDPH ILFDULD FKRFDGD F

D DSDUQFLD GDVRXWUDVPXOKHUHVTXH HVWR DTXL FODUR TXH ILFDULD ( YRF QXQFD YLULD DTXLVH HX Q R SUHFLVDVVH WR

GHVHVSHUDGDPHQWH GDV D DMXGD $FKD TXH FRQVHJXLUHPRVHQFRQWUDU R TXH SURFXUDPRV QHVWD FDVD LPHQVD"

FRPR SURFXUDU XPD DJXOKD QXP SDOKHLUR


22/84


23/84

YHUPHOKR UXEL TXHVHJXQGR 1HRPDWLQKD XP GHFRWH SURIXQGR GHPDLV VHJXLD FRP&KDUOHVH FRQYHUVDYD FRP HOH HP XPWRP VXUSUHHQGHQWHPHQWH QWLPR

3HUHJULQH RIHUHFHX OKH R EUDR &RPR DFKDYD TXH DLQGD HUD RVHUYDGD SRU ORUG'DGFKHWWGLVVH DR LUPR EDL[LQKR

1R VH SUHRFXSH 3HUHJULQH $SHVDU GR TXH SRVVD YLU D DFRQWHFHU ILFDUHL IHOGHWHU HVWDGR DTXL H YLVWR HVWD PDJQILFD FDVD PXLWR PDLVH[FLWDQWH SDUD PLP GR TXHDVFRUULGDV

1R GHL[H QLQJX P PDLV RXYLU LVVR HOH ULX 2V KRPHQV QR IDODP GHRXWUD FRLVD D QRVHU GH FRUULGDV

9RF QR YDL DSRVWDU QR " 3RU TXH QR" SHUJXQWRX UVSLGR 3RU TXH QR SRVVRWHU XPD FDVD FRPR

HVWD H XP FDYDOR FRPR 'LDPRQG" 3HOD PHVPD UD]R SRU TXH HX QR SRVVRVHU D UDLQKD GH 6DE $TXHOD HUD XPD GDV UHVSRVWDV TXHVH GDYDP GHVGH TXH HUDP FULDQDV

VXELWDPHQWH FRPHDUDP D GDU ULVLQKRVDEDIDGRV $ SLDGD TXH QR HVW FHUWRWHUPRVYLQGR SULQFLSDOPHQWH YRF PDVQLQJX P

SRGHVHTXHUVXVSHLWDU GLVVR GLVVH 3HUHJULQH DRVHX RXYLGR ( VSHUR TXH QR

$OFDQDUDP D PHVD GH MDQWDU H XP FULDGR OKHVLQGLFRX RVOXJDUHV FDEHFHLUD GDPHVD R PDUTXVGH 5RV\ WK VHQWDGR HP XPD FDGHLUD GH HVSDOGDU DOWR SDUHFLD XP UHL 0DLVXPD YH]VHXVROKDUHV VH FUX]DUDP H HODWHYH DVHQVDR GHVD JUDGYHO GH

TXH HQTXDQWR WRGRVD DFHLWDYDP SHOR TXH DSDUHQWDYDVHU HOHWLQKD FHUWH]D GHVHXILQJLPHQWR 'LVVH DVL PHVPD TXH HUD XP DEVXUGR 3RU TXH FRPWDQWDVRXWUDVPXOKHUHVPXLWR PDLVDWUDHQWHVDOL SUHVHQWHV HOH ILFDULD LQWHUHVVDGR QHOD"

1HUYRVD IRURXVH D ROKDU FULWLFDPHQWH SDUD DV RXWUDV SHVVRDV $ DSDUQFLD GDPXOKHU TXHVH VHQWDYD VXD GLUHLWD H TXH IRUD FRQGX]LGD SRU HOH VDOD GH MDQWDUFRQYHQFHX D GH TXH QD YHUGDGH R PDUTXVOKH GHUD XPVLPSOHV ROKDU 1XQFDWLQKDYLVWR XPD GDPDWR DWUDHQWH WRVH GXWRUD

6H $YULO OKH SDUHFHX HVWDU EHP YHVWLGD DR HQFRQWU OD QD FDUUXDJHP SHUFHDJRUD TXH FRPSDUDGDVFRP D DFRPSDQKDQWH GR PDUTXV WRGDVDVRXWUDVHVWDYDP PDOYHVWLGDV

1XQFD LPDJLQRX TXH DV PXOKHUHV SXGHVVHP XVDU URXSDV WR GHFRWDGDV TXHSUDWLFDPHQWH DVGHL[DYDP QXDV 1HRPDVHQWLXVH UXERUL]DU 2EVHUYRX PHOKRU D EHOGDPD VHXV ROKRV PLVWHULRVRV VHXV OELRV SURYRFDGRUHV VHXV FDEHORV YHUPHOKRVIODPHMDQWHV 8 VDYD XPD JDUJDQWLOKD GH LPHQVDVHVPHUDOGDV 3HUJXQWRX D 3HUHJULQH

4XHP H VW VHQWDGD DR ODGR GR PDUTXV" 9LFN\ 9DOH FRQKHFLGD FRPR D &KDPD $ &KDPD " 3RU TX"+RXYHVLOQFLR H 3HUHJULQH REYLDPHQWH HVWDYD SURFXUDQGR XPD H[SOL FD

(QWR GLVVH $FKR TXH JDQKRX HVVH DSHOLGR GHSRLV TXHWUDEDOKRX HP DOJXPD SHD H

HVSHFLDO (OD DWUL]" 1R H[DWDPHQWH 4XHU GL]HU QR QHVVH PRPHQWR DGRUYHO 1XQFD YL QLQJX P FRPR HOD $FKR TXH QR K QLQJX P DTXL FRPR HOD HV PHVPR R PDUTXV WHULD

FRQGLHVGHVXVWHQWDU DOJX P DVVLP$ VSDODYUDVSDUHFHUDP OKH HVFDSDU H HOH FRPSOHWRX UDSLGDPHQWH 4XHUR GL]HU FODURVXVWHQWDU DV VXDV GLYHUVHV (OD JRVWD GH PXLWR

PRYLPHQWR FRPR YRF SRGH SHUFHEHU


24/84

6LP FODUR$FKRX TXH D H[SOLFDR GHOH QR HUD YHUGDGHLUD PDV VLPSOHVPHQWH DOJR GH

PRPHQWR 3RGLD HQWHQGHU TXH R PDUTXVJRVWDVVH GD FRPSDQKLD GH XPD FULDWXUDWRFDWLYDQWH PDVSRU TXH UHFHSFLRQDYDWDPE P WRGDVDVRXWUDVPXOKHUHV"

2 VFDYDOKHLURVHUDP REYLDPHQWHWRGRV EHP HGXFDGRV PDV DVPXOKHUHVQRVIDODYDP GD PHVPD IRUPD TXH $YULO FRPR HUDPWDPE P YXOJDUHV H HVSDOKDIDWRVDV7HQWRX RXYLU R TXH GL]LDP PDVQR IDODYDP QDGD LQWHOLJHQWH V IOHUWDYDP H EHELDPFKDPSDQKH GHVXDVWDDVH GDVGRVFRPSDQKHLURV

$ FRPLGD HVWDYD GHOLFLRVD H HOD DGPLURX RVSUDWRV GH RXUR FRP R EUDVR GRPDUTXV 1HRPD QXQFD FRPHUD DQWHVFRP WDOKHUHVGH RXUR H HVWDY D DFKDQGR GLIFQR GHL[DU TXHVHX JDUIR H IDFD UDQJHVVHP 9LD QR HQWDQWR TXH DV RXWUDV FRPLDPUXLGRVDPHQWH H DWGHUUDPDYDP SHGDRVGH FDUQH IRUD GR SUDWR H QRVYHVWLGRV ( VWDYDDFKDQGR DTXLOR PXLWR HVWUDQKR DW TXH PDLV RX PHQRV QD PHWDGH GD UHIHL RSHUFHEHX TXH YULDVPXOKHUHVHVWDYDP EEDGDV

0XLWRVKRPHQVWDPE P GHYLDP HVWDU PDVSDUHFLDPWHU PDLVFRQWUROH $SHQDVRVURVWRVYHUPHOKRVH DVJUDYDWDVGHVIHLWDVRVGHQXQFLDYDP

PHGLGD TXH RWHPSR SDVVDYD DVPXOKHUHVLDP ILFDQGR FDGD YH] PDLVY XOJDUHV( VWDYDP GHVSHQWHDGDVH SDUHFLDPWHU D PDLRU GLILFXOGDGH SDUD PDQWHU RVGHFRWHVQR

OXJDU 2 FRPSRUWDPHQWR GHWRGRV RVFRQYLGDGRV GHVWRDYD GD HOHJQFLD GR DPELHQWHFRPVHXVREMHWRVGH RXUR H OLQGDVRUTXGHDV0DLV XPD YH] SHUJXQWRXVH SRU TXH R PDUTXV UHFHSFLRQDYD DTXHODV SHVVRDV

+DYLD PXLWDV FRLVDV TXH JRVWDULD GH SHUJXQWDU D 3HUHJULQH PDV WLQKD DVHQVDRGHVDJUDGYHO GH TXH HOH EHEHUD PXLWR

&RPR UHFXVRX PDLV YLQKR HVXDWDD GH FULVWDO HVWDYD YD]LD XP GRV FULDGRVSHUJXQWRX

$ VHQKRULWD JRVWDULD GH OLPRQDGD" 6LP SRU IDYRU4XDQGR OKHWURX[HUDP R UHIUHVFR EHEHX R DQVLRVD 3HOD SULPHLUD YH] GXUDWH

WRGR R MDQWDU R KRPHP TXH HVWDYD DVHX ODGR YLURXVH H IDORX FRP HOD 2 VPHXVROKRVPH HQJDQDP RX OLPRQDGD TXH YRF HVW EH EHQGR" OLPRQDGD VRUULX 1HRPD 0HX 'HX V 1XQFD SHQVHL TXH IRVVH HQFRQWUDU XPD GDVFRQYLGDGDVGR PDUTXV

EHEHQGR OLPRQDGD 7HUHPRV TXH GDU JUDDV DR 6HQKRU H HQWRDUVDOPRV DQWHV GHWHUPLQDU R MDQWDU

+DYLD PXLWD DQWLSDWLD HPVXD YR] H 1HRPD GHX XPD ULVDGD Q HUYRVD 'H VFXOSHVH LVVR OKH GHVDJUDGD PDVK PXLWD JHQWH DTXL TXH GHYHULD SH

OLPRQDGD HP YH] GH EHEHU PDLVYLQKR2 FDYDOKHLUR YLURXVH QD FDGHLUD SDUD ROK OD 4XHP YRF" 3DUHFH XP GDTXHOHVPDOGLWRVUHIRUPDGRUHVTXH HVWRVHPSUH

PH VROLFLWDQGR QD &PDUD GRV&RPXQV)DODYD GH PDQHLUD DJUHVVLYD PDV1HRPD HVWDYD LQWHUHVVDGD H SHU JXQWRX 2 VHQKRU PHPEUR GR 3DUODPHQWR" 6RX 4XH LQWHUHVVDQWH 4XH GLVWULWR UHSUHVHQWD" 8P GD FR VWDVXO 0DVQR YLP DTXL SDUD IDODU GH SROWLFD HVLP SDUD PH GLYHUWLU $ SROWLFD QR R GLYHUWH" 2OKH DTXL (XVHL TXHP YRF XPD GHVPDQFKD SUD]HUHV 4XHUR PH GLYHUWLU

H EHEHU (VW FODUR"


25/84


26/84

Captulo III

1HRPD DFRUGRX H SHQVRX TXH D IHVWD GD QRLWH DQWHULRUWLQKDVLGR XP SHVDGHOR3UHFLVDYD HQFRQWUDU XP MHLWR GHVDLU GDOL FRP 3HUHJULQ H (PVXD LQRFQFLD QRLPDJLQDYD TXH DOJR SXGHVVHVHUWR GHJUDGDQWH FRPR DTXHOH MDQWDU

- WLQKD OLGRVREUH DVRUJLDVSDWURFLQDGDVSHORVQREUHVURPDQRVH DVEDFDQDLV HPKRQUD DR GHXV%DFR 0DVQR KDYLD GHWDOKHVGH FRPR DVFRLVDVUHDOPHQWH DFRQWHFLDPHWXGR DTXLOR SDUHFLD LUUHDO SDUD 1HRPD

1D OWLPD QRLWH QR HQWDQWR DVVLVWLUDVXUSUHVD H FKRFDGD D XPD IHVWD GDTXHODV7HQWDUD IDODU FRP 3HUHJULQH PDVHVWDYD EEDGR GHPDLVSDUD RXYLU

&RPR QRVXSRUWDYD YHU KRPHQV H PXOKHUHV VH GHJUDGDQGR GDTXHOD PDQHSDUDU GH ROKDU HP YROWD GD PHVD H IL[DUDVH QDVRUTXGHDV WHQWDQGR ILQJLU TXH HVWDYDV H TXH QDGD DFRQWHFLD (UD GLIFLO QR HQWDQWR QRWRPDU FRQKHFLPHQWR GDVULVDGDVHPEULDJDGDV GRVJUDFHMRVGDVPXOKHUHV GR UXGR GHWDDV

)RL HQWR TXH RXYLX XPD PXOKHUVHQWDGD SHUWR GR PHPEUR GR 3DUODPHQWR GL]HU

HP YR] DOWD 4XHUR LU DR EDQKHLUR3RU XP PRPHQWR 1HRPD DFKRX TXH QRWLQKD RXYLGR GLUHLWR 1R SRGLD LPDJLQDU

XPD GDPD IDODQGR DOJRWR LQGHFHQWH RX LQGHOLFDGR QD IUHQWH GH XP KRPHP 4XDQGRYLX XPD GDV PXOKHUHV VH OHYDQWDU H GLULJLVVH FDPEDOHDQWH SDUD D SRUWD DFKRX TXHHVVD HUD DVXD RSRUWXQLGDGH

( VWRX LQGR SDUD D FDPDVXVVXUURX SDUD 3HUHJULQHWHQGR QR HQWDQWR DFHUWH]D GH TXH HOH QR D RXYLD

$ WUDYHVVRX DVDOD $R FKHJDU DR FRUUHGRUVHP SHQVDU HP PDLVQDGD D QRVHU QRGHVHMR GH HVFDSDU FRUUHX SDUD R YHVWEXOR HVXELX D HVFDGD (QWURX QR TXDUWR EDWHX DSRUWD H HQFRVWRXVH QHOD FRPRVHWLYHVVH FRP PHGR GH HVWDUVHQGR SHUVHJXLGD

1R FKDPRX D FULDGD SDUD DMXG OD 1R JRVWDULD GH YHU QLQJX P IDODU FRPQLQJX P 4XHULD DSHQDVILFDUV HWHQWDU HVTXHFHUWXGR TXH KDYLD YLVWR H RXYLGR 7URFRXVH OHQWDPHQWH (QTXDQWR GL]LDVXDVSUHFHV FKDPRX SHOD PH SDUD TXH

DMXGDVVH H OKH PRVWUDVVH FRPRVDOYDU 3HOHJULQH (OH PXLWR MRYHP PDPHVXSOLFRX H HVW LPSUHVVLRQDGR SHOR PDUTXV

HVHXVDPLJRV $FKD TXH HVVH R PRGR FRPR RVFDYDOKHL URVVH FRPSRUWDP 0DVWHQKRFHUWH]D GH TXH SDSDL QXQFDVHULD DVVLP QXQFD QXQFD

$R GHLWDUVH SHQVRX D SULQFSLR TXHVHULD LPSRVVYHO GRUPLU TXHWHU LD YLVHVGHPXOKHUHV VHPLQXDV EEDGDV EHLMDGDVH DFDULFLDGDVSHORVKRPHQV 0DVHVWDYD PXLWRFDQVDGD H PHUJXOKRX QXPVRQR SURIXQGR HVHP VRQKRV

$JRUD 1HRPD YLD TXH HUD PXLWR FHGR 8PVRO SOLGR HQWUDYD SHODV FRUWLQDV/HYDQWRXVH H IRL DWXPD GDVMDQHODV (PERUDWRGRV RVKRUURUHVSXGHVVHP YLYHU HP6\ WK O IRUD HVWDYD LQFULYHOPHQWH ERQLWR R VROWUDQVIRUPDYD R ODJR QXP HVSHOKR GHRXUR RQGH FLVQHVPDMHVWRVRVQDGDYDP

2OKRX SDUD R UHOJLRHUDP DSHQDVFLQFR H TXLQ]H 6DELD TXH QRVDLULDP SDUD DV FRUULGDV DQWHV GR PHLR GLD H DFKDYD TXHV

FRQYLGDGRVHVWDULDPWR FDQVDGRVHWR PDO SRU FDXVD GRVH[FHV VRVGD QRLWH DQWHULRUTXH QR KDYHULD QLQJX P DFRUGDGR QDTXHOH PR PHQWR

3HQVRX HP FRPR HVWDULD 3HUHJULQH H RGLRX R PDUTXVSRUWHU HQFR UDMDGR R LUDVHWUDQVIRUPDU QXP SRUFR 3RU TXH DTXLOR OKH DJUDGDYDWDQWR" $O P GHOD R PDUTXVIRUD D QLFD SHVVRD PHVD TXH QR SHU GHUD R FRQWUROH


27/84

6XVSHLWDYD HPERUD QRWLYHVVH FHUWH]D GH TXH EHEHUD PXLWR SRXFR SDUDWHU RSUD]HUVGLFR GH REVHUYDU D GHFDGQFLD VXD YROWD FRPRVH IRVVH XPD SHDWHDWUDO

, VVR KRUUYHO H FUXHO GLVVH DVL PHVPD SHQVDQGR RXWUD YH] HP 3HUHJULQHFRP XP DSHUWR QR FRUDR

9HVWLXVH HVTXHFHQGRVH QDQVLD GH UHVSLUDU DU IUHVFR GH XVDU FRVP WLFRV$QWHVGHVDLU UHVROYHX YHUVH 3HUHJULQH HVWDYD EHP 0XLWR VXDYHPHQWH DEULX D

SRUWD GH FRPXQLFDR 2XYLX R UHVVRQDU DOWR R TXHV DFRQWHFLD TXDQGR EHELD PXLWR$ VFRUWLQDVHVWDYDP FHUUDGDVH 1HRPD GHPRURX XP SRXFR D DFRVWX PDU RVROKRV

FRP D HVFXULGR 3HUHJULQH KDYLD DWLUDGR R SDOHWDR FKR DUUDQFDGR RV VDSDWRVHVH MRJDGR QD FDPD GR MHLWR TXH HVWDYD 0HVPR QD SHQXPEUD SGH YHUVXD SDOLGH] H DVROKHLUDV

$ JUDYDWD HVWDYD HP UXQD HVXD FDPLVDVRFLDO TXH HODWDQWR ODYDUD H HQJRPDUDFRP FDULQKR PDQFKDGD GH YLQKR GR 3RUWR +DYLDWDPE P PDQFKDVQD FDOD 3DUHFLDWR MRYHP H YXOQHUYHO

$SDQKRX R SDOHWH FRORFRX R QR HQFRVWR GH XPD FDGHLUD GHSRLV VDLX GR TXDUWRIHFKDQGR DVSRUWDVGH FRPXQLFDR

&DPLQKRX UDSLGDPHQWH SHOR FRUUHGRU $R DOFDQDU RWRSR GD HVFDGD YLX TXH DVSRUWDVGR YHVWEXOR HVWDYDP DEHUWDV /HPEURXVH GH TXH D PH OKH GLVVHUD TXH QDV

JUDQGHV FDVDV RV FULDGRV OHYDQWDYDPVH PXLWR FHGR $VVLP QR ILFRXVXUSUHVDTXDQGR YLX ODFDLRVHP VHXVXQLIRUPHVFDVHLURV FDUUHJDQGR SLOKDVGHWDDV H FULDGDVOLPSDQGR RVWDSHWHVH ODYDQGR RVGHJUDXV

6DLX SDUD R DU IUHVFR VHQWLQGR FRPRVH WLYHVVH HVFDSDGR GH XPD DUPD GLOK3HQVRX D SULQFSLR HP SDVVHDU SHUWR GR ODJR 0DVRFRUUHX OKH TXH SRGHULDVHU YLVWDGDVMDQHODVH DOJX P WDOYH] R SUSULR PDUTXV HVWUDQKDULD TXHWLYHVVHVH OHYDQWDGRWR FHGR

2OKRX SDUD D DOD RHVWH GD FDVD DFKDQGR TXH RVHVWEXORVGHYLDP ILFDU DWUVGHOD&RVWXPDYDVHU DVVLP QDVJUDQGHVPDQVHVTXH YLVLWDUD FRP R SDL &RQWRUQRX R SU GLRH HQFRQWURX XP LPHQVD DUFDGD GH SHGUD $WUDYV GHOD SRGLD DYLVWDU JUDQGHVFRQVWUXHVGH DPERVRVODGRVGH XP SWLR SDYLPHQWDGR H XPD G]LD GH FRFKHLUDV

$GRUDYD FDYDORV 3UDWLFDPHQWH DSUHQGHUD D FDYDOJDU DQWHV PHVPR GH DQGDU HFRPSHWLUDVHPSUH FRP 3HUHJULQH SDUD YHU TXHP FDYDOJDYD PH OKRU 7LVQRYHDQRV TXDQGRVDLX SHOD SULPHLUD YH] SDUD FDDU FRP R SDL $SHVDU GRVSURWHVWRVGDPH R SDL D HQFRUDMDYD GL]HQGR TXH HOD PRQWDYDWR EHP FRPR HOH H QR SRGLD KDYPDLRU HORJLR GR TXH DTXHOH

4XDQGR DVLWXDR ILQDQFHLUD GD IDPOLD FRPHRX D ILFDU GLIFL OVVRX DFXLGDU SHVVRDOPHQWH GRVSRXFRVFDYDORVTXH UHVWDUDP 6LJQLILFDYDP PDLVSDUD HOD GRTXHWHU PXLWRVDPLJRV H HUD HVVH DPRU TXH ID]LD FRP TXH R DQLPDO PDLVDUUHGLRVHWRUQDVVH GFLOVHPSUH TXH PRQWDYD

9DJDURVDPHQWH SHUFRUUHX DV SRUWDV DEHUWDV H IRL DIDJDQGR RV SHVFRRV GRVFDYDORV IDODQGR FRP HOHVH SHQVDQGR TXH QXQFD YLUD XPD FROH RWR EHPWUDWDGD 6HRV FDYDORV GR PDUTXV HUDP DVVLP WR ERQV Q RVHULDVXUSUHVD TXH JDQKDVVH DVFRUULGDV- WLQKD TXDVH DFDEDGR GH SHUFRUUHU XP GRV ODGRVGR HVWEXOR TXDQGR RXYLYR]HVTXH YLQKDP GD RXWUD FRFKHLUD

2OKRX DWUDYV GD SRUWD HQWUHDEHUWD H YLX XP YHOKR FDYDODULR FRP XP FDWDSODVPDQDVPRV

( VW TXDVH SURQWR GL]LD SDUD XP MRYHP TXHVHJXUDYD R FDYDOR SHODVU GHDV )RL PDLVIFLO IDODU GR TXH ID]HU SRUTXH R FDYDOR FRP PHGR GDVHOD RX SRU SXUD

UHEHOGLD FRPHRX D GDU FRLFHVH D UHOLQFKDU


28/84


29/84

7DOYH] HX GHYHVVH SHGLU SHUPLVVR SDUD YLVLWDU RV HVWEXORVPDV TXHULDWRPDU XP SRXFR GH DU IUHVFR HWLQKD FHUWH]D GH TXH RVHQK RUWHULD FDYDORV FRPRHVVHV

6LQWR PH JUDWLILFDGR GH TXHWHQKD JRVWDGR GHOHV &RQVLGHUDQ GR FRPR YRF RVWUDWD HVWR VXD GLVSRVLR D TXDOTXHU K RUD

2 V ROKRV GH 1HRPD EULOKDUDP SRU XP PRPHQWR HQWR DFKRX T XH DTXLOR HDSHQDV XPD PDQHLUD SROLGD GH IDODU QRVLJQLILFDYD QDG D $WUDYHVVRX R SWLR DWDRXWUD FRFKHLUD

3R VVR ROKDU HVWHVFDYDORV" 1D WXUDOPHQWH 0DVHX QD YHUGDGH LD FDYDOJDU 3 RU TXH QR P DFRP1HRPD ILFRXVXUSUHVD FRP R FRQYLWH 1R SHQVRX HP PDLV QDGD QRVHU HP

PRQWDU XP GDTXHOHVPDJQILFRVDQLPDLV'H VGH D PRUWH GRVSDLV V SXGHUD PDQWHU GRLVFDYDORVQRVRODU LVVR SRUTXH HUDP

PXLWR YHOKRVSDUDVHUHP YHQGLGRV+DYLD XPD OX] HPVHX ROKDU TXDQGR GLVVH DR PDUTXV 3R VVR PH VPR"$QWHVTXH HOH UHVSRQGHVVH FRPSOHWRX XP SRXFR KHVLWDQWH 1R WURX[H WUDMHV 3R VVR FDYDOJDU DVVLP"

1R YDL DWUDSDOKDU" 2X HVWUDJDUVHX YHVWLGR"$FKRX TXH HOH QR HQWHQGHULDVH OKH FRQWDVVH TXH SRU QR KDYHU FDUUXDJHVQRVRODU HODVH DFRVWXPDUD D FDYDOJDU GR MHLWR TXH HVWLYHVVH ( SRXFRVH LPSRUWDYD DJRUDVH HVWUDJDVVH R YHVWLGR GHVGH TXH SXGHVVH PRQWDU XP GDTXHOHVPDJQILFRVDQLPDLV

3RU IDYRU HX JRVWDULD PXLWR VXSOLFRX SHQVDQGR TXHWHPSR HVWDYDFRUUHQGR H TXHULD DSURYHLWDU FDGD PLQXWR GDTXHOD PDUD YLOKRVD RSRUWXQLGDGH

2 PDUTXVGHX RUGHP D +HZVRQ H YULRVFDYDODULRVFRUUHUDPVHODU XP GRVPDLVHOHJDQWHV SXURV VDQJXHV /RJR GHSRLV HOD M HVWDYDVREUH DVHOD &RP R PDUTXVFDYDOJDQGR XP JDUDQKR QHJUR DVHX ODGR DWUDYHVVDUDP R SWLR H GLULJLUDP VH DRSDUTXH

1HRPD HVTXHFHXVH GHWXGR H[FHWR D DOHJULD GH HVWDU HP XPDVREHUED PRQWDULDFDYDOJDQGR SHOR SUDGR

'HSRLVGH PDLVRX PHQRV XP TXLOPHWUR SHUFHEHX TXH R PDUTXVGLPLQXD DPDUFKD )H] R PHVPR

0XL WR REULJDGD PXLWR REULJDGD GLVVH DJLWDGD )RL D FRLVD PDLVPDUDYLOKRVD TXH SRGHULDWHU DFRQWHFLGR FRPLJR

9RF FDYDOJDVREHUEDPHQWH H QR SUHFLVR OKH GL]HU 4XHP OKH HQVLQRX"6WDQGLVK"

3HUHJULQH XP WLPR FDYDOHLUR UHVSRQGHX 1HRPD HVTXHFHQGRVH SRU XPPRPHQWR GH TXH HOH QR SRGLDVDEHU TXHVH FRQKHFLDPWR EHP

, VVR QR PHVXUSUHHQGH GLVVH R PDUTXV PD VYRF IHQRPHQDO1HRPDVRUULX PDVQR UHVSRQGHX 2 PDUTXVLQVLVWLX 4XHP YRF" (VWRX LQWHUHVVDGR 6HULD PXLWR PDDQWH FRQYHUVDUVREUH PLP TXDQGR KWDQWDVSHUJXQWDVTXHGHVHMR ID]HU D 9RVVD ([FHOQFLD 3HUJXQWDV" 6REUHVXD FDVD HVXDV REUDVGH DUWH 'HYH PH DFKDU PXLWR LJQR UDQWH PDV

QXQFDWLQKD RXYLGR IDODU GH 6\WK DWGRLVGLDV DWUV ,PDJLQR TXH IRL TXDQGR 6WDQGLVK SHGLX TXH R DFRPSDQKDVVH 1HRPD IH] TXH

VLP FRP D FDEHD ( VWRX HQFDQWDGR TXHVHMD PLQKD KVSHGH PDVWLYH D LPSUHVVR RQWHP GH TXH

QRVH GLYHUWLD


30/84

6XDV SDODYUDV WURX[HUDP GH YROWD WRGR R KRUURU H GHVJRVWR TXH 1HRPD KDYLDVHQWLGR

&RP HVIRUR LPSHGLXVH GH GL]HU D HOH D YHUGDGH SHOR PHQRV ILFDULD TXLHWD DWTXHWLYHVVH DFKDGR R YDOH &RPR QRVDELDVREUH R TXH IDODU PHWHX RVDOWR QR ORPERGR FDYDOR TXHVHJXLXWURWDQGR 2 PDUTXVQRWHYH RXWUD DOWHUQDWLYDVHQR LU DWUVGHOD

&DYDOJDUDP SRU DOJXPWHPSR H 1HRPD GHOL EHUDGDPHQWH QR GLPLQXD DYHORFLGDGH )LQDOPHQWH RVFDYDORVVH FDQVDUDP

7HQKR D LPSUHVVR VUWD .LQJ GH TXH QRWHP YRQWDGH GH UHVSRQGHU PLQKDSHUJXQWD

1R VHQKRU 3R VVRVDEHU SRU TXH QR" 3RGHPRV FRQYHUVDUVREUH RXWUD FRLVD" 4XDO R DVVXQWR TXH SUHIHUH" - OKH GLVVH TXHWHQKR PXLWR LQWHUHVVH HP RXYLUVREUHVXD FDVD 7HQKR XP DGPLQLVWUDGRU TXH SRGHU H[SOLFDU OKHWXGR R TXH TXLVHU 6HL GLVVR 6XD JRYHUQDQWD GLVVH PH TXH HOHVH FKDPD *UH\VWRQH (Q WR YRF HVW UHDOPHQWH LQWHUHVVDGD

1D WXUDOPHQWH 3RU TXH RVHQKRU GXYLGD" 3RUTXH D PDLRULD GDV PXOKHUHV V HVW LQWHUHVVDGD QHODV SUSULDVHP VXDVURXSDV VXDVMLDVH FODURVHXVDPDQWHV

1HRPDVHQWLX FRPRVH HOHWLYHVVH GLWR DTXHOD SDODYUD GH SURSVLWR 3DUD FKRF ODH FRURX

1R ROKRX SDUD R PDUTXV 6DELD TXH HOH D HVWDYD HVSLDQGR HVHQWLX TXH KDYHULDQHOH D PHVPD H[SUHVVR FRP TXH REVHUYDUDVHXVFRQYLGDGRV PHVD GR MDQWDU

$QWHVTXH SXGHVVHVH FRQWHU 1HRPD GLVVH D SULPHLUD FRLVD TXH OKH RFRUUHX 3RU TXH RVHQKRUWHQWDWRUQ ORVGHSUDYDGRV" 2 TXH TXHU GL]HU" 4XHU GL]HU GDQGR IHVWDVFRPR D GH RQ WHP(OH HVWDYD DWQLWR GHPDLVSDUD UHVSRQGHU H HOD FRQWLQXRX DUURMDGD 1XQFD WLQKD YLVWR XPD FDVD FRPR DVXD FRPWDQWDVFRLVDVIDEXORVDV ( HVWD

PDQK TXDQGR ROKHL SHOD MDQHOD H YL RVRO EDWHQGR QR ODJR H RVFHUYRVQR SDUTXH SDUHFLD XP SHGDR GR SDUDVR

8P SDUDVR RQGH D QLFD FRLVD HUUDGD R GRQR (X QR GL VVH LVVR 0D VSHQVRX 3RU TXH RVHQKRU D VVLP"1HRPD YLURXVH SDUD R PDUTXV H FRPRVHXV FDYDORV WURWDYDP ODGR D ODGR

HVWDYDP PXLWR SU[LPRVXP GR RXWUR 9LX HPVHXVROKRVXPD H[SUHVVR TXH QR SRGLDH[SOLFDU

3RU XP PRPHQWR HOHV ROKRX SDUD 1HRPD H HOD SHUFHEHX TXHVHX FRUDR EDWLDPDLVUSLGR GR TXH QXQFD PXL WR IUDQFDVUWD .LQJ H SHQVR TXH GHYHPRVYROWDU (QTXDQWR IDODYD YLURXR FDYDOR H HOD RVHJXLX

&DYDOJDUDP HPVLOQFLR 2OKDQGR SDUD D FDVD VXD IUHQWH 1HRPD SHQVRX TXHSDUHFLD PHVPR XP SDUDVR (UD LPSRVVYHO LPDJLQDU XPD FDVD GH FDPSR PDLVHOHJDQWHH FRP XPD DUTXLWHWXUD PDLVSHUIHLWD GR TXH DTXHOD

(QWR D FHQD GR MDQWDU GD QRLWH DQWH ULRU YROWRX H D GHL[RXVREUHVVDOWDGD$LQGDVHP QDGD IDODU HOHV IRUDP DW D IUHQWH GD FDVD RQGH FDYDODULRV

HVSHUDYDP SDUD DMXG ORVD GHVPRQWDU 0DVIRL R PDUTXVTXH D DORX GDVHOD


31/84

(QTXDQWR ID]LD LVVR HOD LPDJLQRX TXH HVWLYHVVH IXULRVR 3HQVDQGR HP 3HUHJULQHGLVVH HP YR] EDL[D

'H VFXOSH PHVH IXL LQGHOLFDGD (VSHUR TXH PH SHUGRH ( VWRX DSHQDVVXUSUHVR VUWD .LQJ UHVSRQGHX R PDUTXV HVXELUDP D HVFDGD

SDUD R YHVWEXOR ODGR D ODGR1HRPD SUHFLSLWRXVH SDUD R TXDUWR (QFRQWURX O QRV D FULDGD PDV WDPE P D

JRYHUQDQWD ( VWYDPRVLPDJLQDQGR RQGH DVHQKRULWDWHULD LGR GLVVH D JRYHUQDQWD D W

TXH D YLPRV SHOD MDQHOD YROWDQGR FRP 6XD ([FHOQFLD /HYDQWHL PH PXLWR FHGR H IXL DRV HVWEXORV 6XD ([FHOQFLD FRQYLGRX PH

FDYDOJDU FRP HOH $ VVLP VHP XP WUDMH DSURSULDGR GLVVH D JRYHUQDQWD %HP D VHQKRULWD

SUHFLVDVHWURFDU &XLGDUHL GHVVH YHVWLGR PXL WD JHQWLOH]DVXD 'HVFXOSH RWUDEDOKR 1R WUDEDOKR PDV IRL TXDVH TXH XP FKRTXH Y OD OHYDQWDUVH WR FHGR

1LQJX P VH OHYDQWD D HVVD KRUD DTXL QD FDVD H[FHWR 6XD ([FHOQFLD 7DOYH] HX GHYHVVH WHU SHUJXQWDGR D TXH KRUDV VHULDVHUYLGR R GHV MHMXP

1HRPD GLVVH HQTXDQWR D FULDGD GHVDERWRDYDVHX YHVWLGR

$ PDLRULD GRV KVSHGHV WRPD R FDI GD PDQK QR SUSULR TXDUWR 0DVKRMHWHPRVLQVWUXHVSDUD FKDPDUWRGRV SRU FDXVD GDVFRUULGDV 6XD ([FHOQFLD QR TXHUILFDU HVSHUDQGR

1D WXUDOPHQWH FRQFRUGRX 1HRPD 2 TXH VXJLURVHQKRULWD TXHVH GLULMD DR UHIHLWULR DSV WHUVH WURFDGR

'XYLGR TXHWHQKD PXLWR FRPSDQKLD PDV D VHQKRULWD GHYH HVWDU FRP ERP DSHWLWHGHSRLVGHWDQWR H[HUFFLR

$JRUD TXH IDORX QLVVR SHUFHER TXH UHDOPHQWHWHQKR IRPH VRUULX 1HRPD7DOYH] DLQGD PHVREUHWHPSR SDUD YHU RVU *UH\VWRQH H DGPLUDU DOJXPDVVDODV DQWHVGH SDUWLUPRV

XPD ERD LG LDVHQKRULWD DSURYRX D JRYHUQDQWD (OLVH YDL DMXG OD DVHDUUXPDU 2 TXH HVW SHQVDQGR HP YHVWLU"

7HP TXH VHU R PHVPR YHVWLGR TXH XVHL RQWHP 1R WHQKR PXLWR H HVVH RPHOKRU

( D VHQKRULWD ILFD PXLWR EHP QHOH GLVVH D JRYHUQDQWD XPD SHQD 3DURXVXELWDPHQWH H 1HRPD DFKRX TXH HOD LD GL]HU DOJR GHSUHFLDWLYRVREUH D

DSDUQFLD GDV RXWUDV GDPDV GD IHVWD PDV SHUFHEHX DWHPSR TXHVHULD XPDLPSHUWLQQFLD H ILFRX FDODGD

&RPWDWR PXGRX GH DVVXQWR 7HQKR FHUWH]D GH TXHWRGR PXQGR HVW GHVHMDQGR ERDVRUWH D 6X D ([FHOQFLD

( VSHUR TXH 'LDPRQG YHQD 1 VWDPE P 6HU PXLWR H[FLWDQWH LU VFRUULGDV GLVVH 1HRPD H PXLWR REULJDGD SRU PH

DMXGDUHP D PHWURFDU 6RUULX VGXDVHPSUHJDGDVHVDLX4XHULDVDEHUVH 3HUHJULQH KDYLD DFRUGDGR PDVSHQVRX TXH D JRYHU QDQWD LD DFKDUPXLWR LPSUSULR HOD HQWUDU QR TXDUWR GH XP KRPHP

3DUDVXD DOHJULD QR HQWDQWR HQFRQWURX 3HUHJULQH QR UHIHLWULR(OH SDUHFLDVRQROHQWR FRP RV FRWRYHORVDSRLDGRVQD PHVD H D FDEHD HQWUH DV

PRV 3HUHJULQH 9RF HVW EHP" 6LQWR PH SVVLPR 3RU TXH GLDERVIXL EHEHUWDQWR"


32/84


33/84

$FUHGLWR TXH QDVH[WD IHLUD UHVSRQGHX &KDUOHV 0XL WRVGRVKRPHQVYRTXHUHU LU QRYDPHQWH VFRUULGDV DPDQK

1HRPD SHUFHEHX FRP XP DSHUWR QR FRUDR TXH LVVRVLJQLILFDYD SDV VDU DOL PDLVGXDVQRLWHV

7DOYH] D JHQWH SRVVD SDUWLU QRLWH DSVR ILP GDVFRUULGDV VXJHULX 4XH TXHU GL]HU FRP LVVR" SHUJXQWRX R LUPR $O P GR PDLV PDQGHL TXH

D FDUUXDJHP HVWLYHVVH DTXL QDVH[WD IHLUD GH PDQK1HRPD LD H[SOLFDU TXH HUD PXLWR WHPSR SDUD ILFDU TXDQGR RXWURV KVSHGHV

FKHJDUDP &RPR M KDYLDWHUPLQDGR OHYDQWRXVH SDUD SURFXUDU RVU *UH\VWRQH(QFRQWURX R QXPVXQWXRVR HVFULWULR UHSOHWR GH PDSDVH FHUFDGR GH DUTXLYRVH

FRIUHV WRGRVFRP R EUDVR GR PDUTXV8P SRXFRWLPLGDPHQWH DSUHVHQWRXVH H R KRPHP LPHGLDWDPHQWH D HQFRUDMRX 3R VVR HQWHQGHUVHX LQWHUHVVH VUWD .LQJ PDV OHYDULD PXLWR WHPSR SDUD TXH

SXGVVHPRV YLVLWDUWRGD D FDVD TXH VHP GYLGD XPD GDV PDLV HOHJDQWHV GD,QJODWHUUD

(OH IDODYD FRP RUJXOKR &RPR D VHQKRULWD GLVVH TXHWHP DSHQDVDOJXPDVKRUDV DQWHVGHVDLU SDUD DV

FRUULGDV VXJLUR TXH YLVLWHPRV DV VDODV SU [LPDVD HVWD 'H SRLV TXDQGRWLYHU PDLVWHPSR SRGHUHPRVSHUFRUUHU RVDOR QREUH H QDWXUDOPHQWH D FDSHOD + XPD FDSHOD"

6LP ,QFOXVLYH IRL FRQVWUXGD DQWHVPHVPR TXH D FDVD RULJLQDO IRVVH GHPROLGDSDUD GDU OXJDU D HVWD

$ FDSHOD ILFD SHUWR GDTXL" 0DL VRX PHQRV (Q WR SRGHUDPRVY OD SULPHLUR"1HRPDVHQWLD TXH D SUR[LPLGDGH GH XPD FDSHOD SRGHULD DPHQL]DU

DWHUURUL]DUD QD OWLPD QRLWH (OD HVW HP XVR" SHUJXQWRX HQTXDQWR FDPLQKDYD FRP RVU *UH\VWRQH SHOR

FRUUHGRU 6LP 2 FDSHOR SDUWLFXODU GR PDUTXVRILFLDWRGR GRPLQJR 1HRPD ROKRX SDU

HOH DWQLWD DQWHVGH GL]HU 2 PDUTXVWHP XP FDSHOR SDUWLFXODU" 6LP FRPXP TXDQGR H[LVWH XPD FDSHOD DJUHJDGD D XPD FDVD GHVWH

WDPDQKR ( FODUR ILFD PXLWR PDLVIFLO SDUD RVHPSUHJDGRVIUHTHQWDUHP R RIFLRDTXL GR TXH FDPLQKDU TXDVH GRLVTXLOPHWURVDWD LJUHMD GD FLGDGH

(Q WHQGR$OFDQDUDP D FDSHOD H HOD D ROKRX FRP SUD]HU (UD FRPR GLVVHUD RVU *UH\VWRQH

PXLWR YHOKD 2 YLWUDOVREUH R DOWDU GH DODEDVWUR GDWDYD GH 2 VEDQFRVHUDP GDPHVPD SRFD 2 OXJDU TXH R PDUTXVRFXSDYD HUDWRVXQWXRVR TXH SDUHFLD IHLWR SDUDXP UHL

(P WRGDVDVSDUHGHVKDYLD SLQWXUDVGH /DJXHUUH H 5LFDUG UHSUHVHQWDQGR D YLGD GH&ULVWR0DV 1HRPDV FRQVHJXLD SHQVDU TXH DTXHOH HUD XP OXJDU GHVDQWL GDGH XPDSHTXHQD FDVD GH 'HXVHQFUDYDGD QXPD FDVD RQGH KDYLDPVH HVTXHFLGR GHOH

$MRHOKRXVH QXPD DOPRIDGD GH YHOXGR YHUPHOKR H QR YLX R ROKDVSDQWR GRVU *UH\VWRQH 5H]RX SRU DOJXQV PLQXWRV SHGLQGR D DMXGD GH 'HXV H TXHVXD PHSURWHJHVVH 3HUHJULQH LPSHGLQGR R GH MRJDU TXDQGR QRWLYHVVH GLQKHLUR

$MXGH QRV 'HXV DMXGH QRV PDPH


34/84

/HYDQWRXVH H RVU *UH\VWRQH QRWRX TXH KDYLD XPD H[SUHVVR PXLWR GRFH HPVHXURVWR (UD XPD YHUJRQKD TXH XPD PRDWR PHLJDWR UHOLJLRVD SXGHVVH MWHU FDGRQDTXHOD YLGD TXHV D OHYDULD DR GHVHVSHUR

(OH QR GLVVH QDGD DSHQDVDFRPSDQKRX 1HRPD PRVWUDQGR OKH XPDVDOD GH HVWDUPXLWR DWUDHQWH DQWHVTXH IRVVH KRUD GH HOD LUVH YHVWLU SDUD DVFRUU LGDV

4XDQGR QRYDPHQWH GHVFHX D HVFDGD R PXUPULR GDVYR]HVSDUHFHX OKH GHVWRDUFRPSOHWDPHQWH GD EHOH]D GR YHVWEXOR H RV YHVWLGRV GDV GDPDV IDUIDOKDYDPHVSDOKDIDWRVDPHQWH

1HRPD YLX 3HUHJULQH HQWUH D PXOWLGR H FDPLQKRX UDSLGDPHQWH SDUD RVHX ODGRSDUD FRQVWDWDU FRP FRQVWHUQDR TXH M HVWDYD FRP XPDWDD GH FKDPSDQKH QD PRFRPRWRGR PXQGR

1R EHED PDLV SHGLX HP YR] EDL[D(OHVRUULX ( VWRX EHP - HVWRX PHVHQWLQGR EHP PHOKRU(UD EYLR TXH R FKDPSDQKH KDYLD UHVVXVFLWDGRWRGR PXQGR HWRGRV FDPLQKDYDP

DWUDYV GD JUDQGH SRUWD SULQFLSDO SDUD RQGH XP LPHQVR FRFKH RVHVSHUDYD 3DUDVXUSUHVD GH 1HRPD R PDUTXV PDQGDUD SUHSDUDU DOJXQV GRV PDJQILFRV

FDYDORVSDUD SX[DU R FDUUR

2 V FRQYLGDGRV VXELUDP H RXYLUDPVH JULWRV H U LVDGDV TXDQGR R FRFKHVDLX1HRPD VHQWDGD MXQWR GH 3HUHJULQH GHVIUXWRX GH XPD H[FHOHQWH YLVWD GR MDUGLP H GRODJR

(QWR SHUFHEHX TXH DOJX P WURFDYD GH OXJDU FRP R KRPHP TXH YLDMDVHXODGR &RP XP DSHUWR QR FRUDR YLX TXH HUD ORUGH 'DGFKHWW

&KHJRXVH R PDLVTXH SGH SDUD SHUWR GH 3HUHJULQH ( VW HQFDQWDGRUD HVWD PDQKVUWD .LQJ GLVVH ORUGH 'DGFKHWW ( VSHUD

ID]HU IRUWXQD QDVFRUULGDV" 1R WHQKR FRQGLHVGH MRJDUVHQKRU 1R FODUR TXH QR 0DV SRGH PH GL]HU HP TXH FDYDOR DFUHGLWD H WDOYH]

MXQWRV SRVVDPRVID]HU XPD JUDQGH IRUWXQD PXL WD JHQWLOH]D GH 9RVVD ([FHOQFLD PDVD UHVSRVWD QR (X QR DSURYR R

MRJR FHU WDPHQWH XPD DILUPDR RULJLQDO YLQGD GH DOJX P FRPR YRF 1HRPD

YLURXVH SDUD FRQYHUVDU FRP 3HUHJULQH PDV LQIHOL]PHQWH HOH HVWDYD GLVFXWLQGR RVP ULWRVGRVYULRVFDYDORVFRP XP UDSD] DRVHX ODGR

/RUGH 'DGFKHWWLQVLVWLX 6H QR HVW LQWHUHVVDGD HP FRUULGDV WDOYH] TXHLUD RXYLU D KLVWULD GH (SVRP H

FRPR RVIDPRVRVVDLVGH (SVRP IRUDP GHVFREHUWRV7DOYH] D KLVWULD GH (SVRP IRVVH DWLQWHUHVVDQWH SHQVRX 1HRPDVH FRQWDGD SRU

RXWUD SHVVRD (QWUHWDQWR SDUHFLD PDLVLQRIHQVLYR GR TXH ILFDU UHVSRQGHQGR D SHUJXQWDVLQGLVFUHWDV $UPRXVH GH SDFLQFLD SDUD RXYL OR H[SOLFDU FRPR HPXP KRPHPFKDPDGR +HQU\ :KLFNHWSHOD SULPHLUD YH] O HYRXVHX JDGR SDUD EHEHU HP XPD IRQWHTXH HQFRQWUDUD QR FDPSR GH (SVRP 2 VDQLPDLVUHFXVDUDPVH D EHEHU GLVVH ORUGH 'DGFKHWW4XDQGR :KLFNHUSURYRX D JXD DFKRX D GLIHUHQWH H GHVDJUDGYHO

6HX URVWR SDUHFLD FKHJDUVH DPHDDGRUDPHQWH SDUD PDLVSHUWR PHGLGD TXHFRQWLQXDYD

1R HQWDQWR HP YLQWH DQRV RVJOXWHVGD FRUWH 6WXDUWGH /RQGUHVFRPHDUDP DYLDMDU SDUD (SVRP SDUD TXH DV JXDV OLPSDVVHP VHXV IJD GRV 3HQVR TXH LUFRQFRUGDUVUWD .LQJ TXH LVVR R TXH D PDLRULD GH QRVVRVDPLJRVK VSH GHVGHYLDWHUIHLWR HVWD PDQK


35/84


36/84

0JLFRVGHPRQVWUDQGR LQWHUPLQYHLVWUXTXHVH YHQWUORTXRVGLVFXWLQ GR FRPVHXVERQHFRVDWUDDP PXOWLGHVGH QREUHV FDPSRQHVHVH FULDQ DVHVIDUUDSDGDV

&XLGDGR FRP RV EDWHGRUHVGH FDUWHLUD DYLVRX &KDUOHV TXDQGR 3HUHJULQHGLVVH TXH JRVWDULD GHVDLU GR FRFKH

(OH VQR OHYDUR QDGD GH PLP UHVSRQGHX 3HUHJULQH H SHUJXQWRX D 1HRPD 9RF YHP"

6LP FODUR UHVSRQGHX GHSUHVVD VDEHQGR TXH ORUGH 'DGFKHWWILFDULD DVHXODGRVH SHUPDQHFHVVH O

+DYLD QR HQWDQWR XPDWDO PXOWLGR TXH 3HUHJULQH ORJR UHVROYHX YROWDU SDUD RFRFKH 'XUDQWHVXD DXVQFLD R DOPRR KDYLDVLGRVHUYLGR

2 V FULDGRV WLQKDP SURYLGHQFLDGR PHVDV H FDGHLUDV H KDYLD DSHULWLYRV GHWRGDHVS FLH LQFOXLQGR REYLDPHQWH FKDPSDQKH FROR FDGR QXPD PHVD D SDUWH ORQJH GRVRO

(UD FRQIRUPH YLD 1HRPD XP EDQTXHWH IDQWVWLFR FRPWRGDV DV GHOL FLRVDVLJXDULDVTXHVH SRGHULD LPDJLQDUVDOPR IULR SHUX PVFXOR OQJXD GH ERL FDEHDSRUFR H QDWXUDOPHQH XPD SURIXVR GH SXGLQVGRFHV TXHVH GHVPDQFKDYDP DRVRO

$SHVDU GHWHUHPWRPDGR R GHV MHMXPWDUGH RV K VSHGHV SDUHFLDP HVIRPHDGRV( VWLPXODGRVSHOR YLQKR FRPHDUDP D FRPHU EDVWDQWH H RVFDYDOKHLURVMRJDYDP FR[DVGH JDOLQKD SHGDRVGH OQJXD H SUHVXQWR SDUD DVFULDQDV TXH ROKDYDP HVIRPHDGDV

2 DOPRR GHPRURXWDQWR TXH YLUDP DVGXDVSULPHLUDVFRUULGDVFRPWDDVQD PR(QWR IRL D YH] GRV SUPLRV 'HUE\ H 3HUHJULQH GLVVH TXH HOHV GHYHULDP LU SDUDSDGGRFN ROKDU RVFDYDORV

1HRPD TXHULD PXLWR LVVR 2EVHUYDUDP RVDQLPDLVVHUHP JXLDGRVHP FUFXOR SHORVFDYDODULRV HQTXDQWR RVMTXHLVILFDYDP QR FHQWUR FRQ YHUVDQGR FRP RVSURSULHWULRV

+DYLDWDPE P YULDV PXOKHUHV HOHJDQWHPHQWH YHVWLGDV DFRPSDQKD GDV SRUFDYDOKHLURV UHVSODQGHFHQWHV 1HQKXP GHOHV SHQVRX 1HRPDVH GHVWDFDYD FRPR RPDUTXV 'XUDQWH R DOPRR HOD R YLUD SDVVHDQGR FRP 9LFN\ 9DOH

(OD SDUHFLD IDQWVWLFD XVDQGR R TXH 1HRPD DFKRX XP YXOJDU DSDUDWR GH MLDVLQFRQYHQLHQWH SDUD XPD FRUULGD GH FDYDORV $ VSHQDVDPDUHODVGHVHX FKDS X H R [DOHGHVHGD DPDUHOD GUDSHDGR HP YROWD GRVRPEURV ID]LDP QDVREUHVVDLUVH QR PHLR GDPXOWLGR H 1HRPD ILFRX LPDJLQDQGR TXH R TXH R PDUTXVGHVHMDYD PHVPR HUD H[LEL ODGLDQWH GRVDPLJRV

1DTXHOH PRPHQWR QR HQWDQWR HOD HVWDYD FRQFHQWUDGD XQLFDPHQWH QRVFDYDORV ( VVH 'LDPRQG GLVVH 3HUHJULQH TXDQGR XP DQLPDO PDJQILFR SDVVRX&KDUOHVFRPSOHWRX 9DPR VDSRVWDUWXGR R TXHWHPRV QHOH 7HPRV V DOJXQV PLVHUYHLVQTXHLV

PDVSRGHPRVJDQKDU XP SRXTXLQKR 1R GL VVH 1HRPD PHGURVD 1R GHYHPRVID]HU LVVR 3RU TXH QR" SHUJXQWRX R LUPR(OD ROKRX SDUD 'LDPRQG TXH HVWDYD D SRXFD GLVWQFLD (OH QR YDL JDQKDU 2 TXH HVW GL]HQGR" SHUJXQWRX &KDUOHV 'LDPRQG HVW SURQWR SDUD

JDQKDU 1LQJX P WHP FKDQFH FRQWUD HOH1HRPD QR UHVSRQGHX SRU XP PRPHQWR (QWR GLVVH HP YR] EDL[D ( VWRX DEVROXWDPHQWH FHUWD GH TXH R YHQFHGRUVHU RXWUR$SRQWRX HQTXDQWR IDODYD H RVKRPHQVROKDUDP DWQLWRV LPSR VVYHO H[FODPRX &KDUOHV &RQVXOWRXVHX FDUWR GH DSRVWDV 'HL[H PH YHU6DLORU SURSULHGDGH GH 7 7KRUQKLOO (VT H R MTXHL 6 &KLIQH\

6H TXHUVDEHU QRWHP QHQKXPD FKDQFH FRQWUD 'LDPRQG 0H VPR DVVLP 'LDPRQG QR YHQFHU LQVLVWLX 1HRPD


37/84

$FKR XP FRPSRUWDPHQWR PXLWR H[WUDRUGLQULR SDUD XP GRVPHXVFRQYLGDGRV GLVVH XPD YR]

1HRPD OHYRX XPVXVWR H[D WDPHQWH R TXH HVWRX GL]HQGRVHQKRU IDORX 3HUHJULQH 1R K RXWUR

FDYDOR FRPR HOH QDVFRUULGDV R TXH JRVWDULD GH SHQVDU UHVSRQGHX R PDUTXV 1R HQ WDQWR TXHULD

VDEHU SRU TXH DVUWD .LQJ QRWHP FRQILDQD HP 'LDPRQG 1HRPD OHYDQWRX RVROKRVSDUD HOH H DFKRX GLILFXOGDGH HP UHVSRQGHU 'H VFXOSH H FODUR SRVVR HVWDU HUUDGD PDV VLQWR TXH 6DLORUVHU R

YHQFHGRU , VVR ULGFXOR H YRFVDEH 3HUHJULQH LQWHUURPSHX (QTXDQWR IDODYD

SHUFHEHX TXHVHXWRP HUD UXGH GHPDLVSDUDVHU XVDGR FRP XPD DPLJD ( FRQWLQXRX 0D V QDWXUDOPHQWH VRPRVWRGRVGRQRVGH QRVVDVSUSULDVRSLQLHV GLVVH SRXFRFRQYLQFHQWH

2 VROKRVGR PDUTXVDLQGD HVWDYDP HP 1HRPD 3RU TXHVHQWH LVVR VUWD .LQJ" DOJR TXH QR FRQVLJR H[SOLFDU D PHVPD VHQVDR TXHWLYH KRMH GH

PDQK TXDQGR YL TXH SRGLD FRQWURODU 9LFWRULRXV 1R HQ WDQWR SRVVR HVWDU HUUDGD

'XYLGR GLVVH R PDUTXV LQHVSHUDGDPHQWH ( DYLVR RV VHQKRUHV TXHGHYHP HVFXWDU DVUWD .LQJ (ODWHP PXLWD H[SHULQFLD FRP FDYDORV SDUD FRPHWHU XPHUUR

6DLX GHL[DQGR 3HUHJULQH H &KDUOHVERTXLDEHUWRV 9RF RXYLX R TXH HOH GLVVH &KDUOHV" 2XYL ( WDOYH]VHMD PHOKRU ID]HUPRVR TXHVXJHULX 0D V 6DLORU" 4XHP M RXYLX IDODU GHVVH FDYDOR" 3RU IDYRU SRU IDYRU QR DSRVWHP SHGLX 1HRPD 1R SRGHPRVDUFDU

FRP LVVR VH YRF SHUGHUWRGR RVHX GLQKHLUR &KDUOHV 7HPRVTXH JUDWLILFDU RVFULDGRVTXDQGR SDUWLUPRV

&KDUOHVEDODQRX RVRPEURV 9RF PH GLVVH SDUD DSRVWDU HP 6DLORU H R PDUTXV WDPE P 4XHP VRX HX

SDUD GLVFXWLU" &RPR 1HRPD SRGHULDVDEHU DOJR D UHVSHLWR GH FRUULGDV" LQWHUURPSHX

3HUHJULQH 2EYLDPHQWH R PDUTXVHVWDYDV VHQGR SROLGR 3ROLGR" UHSHWLX &KDUOHV 2 PDUTXV" 9RF M RWLQKD RXYLGR IDODU GHVVD

PDQHLUD DQWHV" (X QXQFD R RXYLUD GL]HU QDGD DWDTXHOD QRLWH QR :KLWH %HP PD VFRQKHFHVXD UHSXWDR 6LP PD V &KDUOHVGHFLGLXVH 2 GLQKHLUR PHX H YRX ID]HU FRPR PH GLVVHUDP 1R QR WXGR QRWXGR SHGLX 1HRPD 0XL WR EHPPHWDGH 6H SHUGHUPRV D RXWUD PHWDGH QRVOHYDU DWHP FDVD UD]RYHO FRQFRUGRX 1HRPD&KDUOHV VDLX HVH SHUGHX QR PHLR GD PXOWLGR 3HUHJULQH YROWRXVH SDUD D LUP

FRP UDLYD $FKR TXH YRF HVW ILFDQGR ORXFD 1V DR PHQRV WQKDPRVXPD FKDQFH GH

DXPHQWDU QRVVR GLQKHLUR FRP 'LDPRQG 2 PDUTXVYDL ULU TXDQGR HOH JDQKDU 1HRPD QR UHVSRQGHX 3RGLD HQWHQGHU R TXH 3HUHJULQH HVWDYDVHQWLQGR PDV

DFKDYD TXHWLQKD UD]R 'H UHSHQWH RXYLUDP R JULWR (OH VSDUWLUDP


38/84

3HUHJULQH SX[RX 1HRPD H SURFXUDUDP XP OXJDU QD DUTXLEDQFDWR GD OLQKDGH FKHJDGD 0DVWLQKDVLGR XP DODUPH IDOVR H RVFDYDORVIRUDP FKDPDGRVGH YROWD

1R VH H[FLWH DYLVRX R LUPR 7HQKR FHUWH]D GH TXH KDYHU SHOR PHQVXQVYLQWH DYLVRVIDOVRV DQWHVTXH SDUWDP UHDOPHQWH

$FKR TXH QR SRGHUHL DJHQWDU LVVR UHVSRQGHX 1HRPD $QLPH VH 'HSRLVTXH HOHVSDUWLUHP D FRLVDWRGD HVWDU DFDEDGD HP PHQRVGH

WUVPLQXWRV $OJX P GLVVH QD QRLWH SDVVDGD TXH R 'HUE\VLJQLILFD D LPRUWDOLGDGHSDUD XP FDYDOR HP GRLVPLQXWRVH TXDUHQWD H FLQFRVHJXQGRV

3DUHFHX SDVVDU XPVFXOR DQWHV TXH XP JULWR WULXQIDQWH VDVVH GD PXOWLGR H1HRPD YLVVH TXH D EDQGHLUD IRUD DEDL[DGDRVFDYDORVODUJD UDP 2XYLX R HVWU SLWR GHVXDVSDWDV XP SRXFR DQWHVGH Y ORV URGHDQGR R 7DWWHQKDP &RUQHU ( HQWR SUHQGHXD UHVSLUDR HVHVXUSUHHQGHX UH]DQGR SDUD TXHVHX SDOSLWH HVWLYHVVH FHUWR


39/84

Captulo IV

&RPR YRFVDELD" &RPR DGLYLQKRX"3HUHJULQH FRQWLQXDYD ID]HQGR DVPHVPDVSHUJXQWDVH &KDUOHV DR YROWDU FRP XP

VRUULVR GH SUD]HU IH] R PHVPR7XGR R TXH 1HRPD SRGLD UHVSRQGHU HUD TXH QRWLQKD XPD H[SOLFDR FRQFUHWD D

UHVSHLWR GHVXD LQWXLRVREUH 'LDPRQG H 6DLORU %RP DR PHQRVSRGHPRVYROWDU SDUD FDVD FRP DOJXPDVPRHGDVWLOLQWDQGR HP

QRVVRVEROVRV GLVVH &KDUOHV DOHJUHPHQWH ( VSHUR YROWDU FRP PDLVGR TXH LVVR UHVSRQGHX 3HUHJULQH7DQWR &KDUOHV TXDQWR 1HRPDVHQWLUDPVH FRP D FRQVFLQFLD SHVDGD SRU XP

PRPHQWR WLQKDP HVTXHFLGR R YDOH GH GXDVPLO OLEUDV TXH RV DPHDDYD FRPR XPDHVSDGDVREUHVXDVFDEHDV

(QTXDQWR YROWDYDP HP GLUHR DR FRFKH 1HRPD GLVVH VXSOLFDQWH 3RU IDYRU QR FRQWHP D QLQJX P R TXH DFRQWHFHX

1R 'HYHPR VILFDU TXLHWRV FRQFRUGRX 3HUHJULQH 1LQJX P GHYHUVDEHUTXH JDQKDPRV TXDQGRWRGRVHOHV VHP GYLGD QHQKXPD DSRVWDUD PWXGR HP 'LDPRQG 2 PDUTXVVDEH OHPEURX &KDUOHV 'LILFLOPHQWH SRGHPRVSHGLU D HOH TXH JXDUGHVLOQFLR UHVSRQGHX 3HUHJULQH

PD VWDOYH]WHQKD R ERPVHQVR GH QR GL]HU QDGD 'H IDWR KDYLD XPD DWPRVIHUD GHWULVWH]D TXDQGR DOFDQDUDP R FRFKH TX

HVWDYD SURQWR SDUD SDUWLU2 PDUTXV GLVVHUD QR FDPLQKR SDUD DVFROLQDV TXH SUHWHQGLDVDLU ORJR DSV R

'HUE\ SHODVLPSOHV UD]R GH TXHVH HVSHUDVVHP XP SRXFR PDLV D HVWUDGD HVWDULDFRQJHVWLRQDGD D SRQWR GH JDVWDUHP KRUDVSDUD DOFDQDU 6\WK

$LQGD DVVLP HUD GLIFLO SDUD TXDOTXHU XP PHVPR SDUD XP KRPHPWR H[SHULHQWH

FRPR R PDUTXV GLULJLU DWUDYV GRWUIHJR LQWHQVR7RGD KRVSHGDULD SRU TXH SDVVDYDP HVWDYD ORWDGD SRU SHVVRDV TXH SUHFLVDYDPGHVFDQVDU XP SRXFR DQWHV GH UHLQLFLDUHP D ORQJD MRUQDGD SDUD /RQGV 3RU LVVRPHQGLJRV H FULDQDV HVIDUUDSDGRV YDJDYDP SRU DOL PDJURV H IUJHLV HVPRODQGR HUHFROKHQGR UHVWRV GH FRPLGD 1HRPDWHYH YRQWDGH GH OKHV GDU DV VREUDV GR ODXWRDOPRR 0DVRVRXWURVQR SDUHFLDP SHUFHEHU D PLVULD VXD YROWD

2XYLX GRLV FDYDOKHLURV FRQYHUVDQGRVREUH R FRQIRUWR H DV IDFLOLGDGHV GR QRYRVWDQG

$QGHL SRUWRGR HOH H SRVVR JDUDQWLU TXH IL]HUDP XP H[FHOHQWH QH JFLRSULQFLSDOPHQWH FRP UHODR DR 6DOR GH 'HVFDQVR + GHWXGR O SDUDWHQWDU R DSHWLWH)LOHLUDV GH HVSHWRV GH FDUQH ILFDUDP JLUDQGR QRV EUDVHLURV 'L VVHUDP PH TXH RVIRUQHFHGRUHV HQWUHJDUDP FHQWR HWULQWD SHUQDVGH FDUQHLURVHVVHQWD H FLQFR ORPERVFHP ORPELQKRV DO P GH TXDWURFHQWDVODJRVWDV

1HRPD SHQVRX HP SHUJXQWDU R TXHVHULD IHLWR FRP RV UHVWRV GH FRPL GD HVHKDYHULD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH G ORV VFULDQDVH PHQGLJRV PDVWHYH YHUJRQKD

7DPE P VHQWLX PHGR GH FKDPDU D DWHQR FRP HVVH FRPSRUWDPHQWR GLIHUHQWH HPHGR GR PDUTXV GL]HU DWRGR PXQGR TXH HUD D QLFD SHVVRD TXH QR HVWDYDFRQYHQFLGD GH TXH 'LDPRQG OHYDULD R SUPLR GR 'HUE\ SDUD FDVD

4XDQGR RXYLX 9LFN\ 9DOH H DV RXWUDVPXOKHUHVODPHQWDQGR DVRUWH GR DQILWULRSUHQGHX D UHVSLUDR 3DUDVHX DOYLR HOH HVWDYD FRQFHQWUDGR QD GLUHR H SDUHFHXRXYLU


40/84

(QWUH RVKRPHQV QR FKRFKH RXYLDPVH PXUPULRVLQFRQVROYHLVH UHVPXQJRVGHLQVDWLVIDR H GHVDSRQWDPHQWR

( VVH IRL R SLRU 'HUE\ TXH YL ORUGH 'DGFKHWWGL]LD &XVWRX PH XPDIRUWXQD

&XVWRX PH PDLVGR TXH SRVVD LPDJLQDU GHFODURX R PHPEUR GR 3DUODPHWR1D YHUGDGH HUD XPD EQR R IDWR GH O RUGH 'DGFKHWWHVWDUWRWUDQVWRUQDGR SHOR

GHVHPSHQKR GR FDYDOR GHVHX DQILWULR DVVLP QRWHQWDYD JDQKDUVXD DWHQR FRPRIL]HUD SHOD PDQK

$R FRQWUULR RV KRPHQV DJRUD HVWDYDPVHQWDGRV MXQWRV GLVFXWLQGRVHXVSUHMX]RV HQTXDQWRWRGDVDVPXOKHUHV RFXSDYDP RVOXJDUHV DWUVGH 1HRPDVHP TXHKRXYHVVH XP FDYDOKHLUR HQWUH HODV

7LYH TXH GL]HU DGHXV JDUJDQWLOKD TXH LD JDQKDU GH +HQU\ RXYLX XPVGL]HU

)LFDUHL IHOL]VH FRQVHJXLU TXH SDJXHP PHX DOXJXHO UHVSRQGHX RXWUD( VWD IRL D PDLRU GH XPDVULH GH SHUGDVGH 6XD ([FHOQFLD

(X OKH GLVVH /RWW\ SDUD SURFXUDU PDLVDOJX P /R WW\ ERFHMRX ( WLQKD UD]R 0DVHVWRX DFRVWXPDGD FRP R YHOKR H HOH EDVWDQWH JHQHURVR

TXDQGRWHP GLQKHLUR

2XYLQGR D FRQYHUVD 1HRPD QR HQWHQGLD SRU TXH HODV HVSHUDYDP TXH RVKRPHQVTXH DVKDYLDPWUD]LGR D 6\WK OKHVGHVVHP WDQWR(QWR OHPEURXVH GH FRPR $YULO OKH KDYLD GLWR TXH LULDWRPDU FRQWD GR GLQKHLUR GH

&KDUOHV ( GH TXH 3HUHJULQH OKH H[SOLFDUD TXH PHVPR TXH FRQKHFHVVH XPD PXOKHUSDUD FRQYLGDU QRWHULD FRQGLHVGH SDJDU

$ 1HRPD SDUHFLD HVSDQWRVR TXH HVVDV PXOKHUHV TXH HVWDYDP VHQGRUHFHSFLRQDGDV GH PDQHLUD PDJQILFD DLQGD HVSHUDVVHP UHFHEHU JDUJDQWLOKDV HGLQKHLUR $FKRX TXHWDOYH] LVVR DFRQWHFHVVH SRUTXH TXDVH WRGDV HUDP DWUL]HV HHVWDQGR IRUD GH /RQGUHV GHL[DYDP GH UHFHEHUVHXVVDOULRV

$TXHOD SDUHFHX XPD H[SOLFDR FRQYLQFHQWH 0DVGHYLDP HQWR WHU SDS LVPXLWRLPSRUWDQWHV SDUD TXH JDQKDVVHP R HTXLYDOHQWH HP JDU JDQWLOKDV GH GLDPDQWHV RXDOXJX LVGH FDVD (UD QR HQWDQWR PXLWR LJQRUDQWH QHVVHVDVVXQWRV $ QLFD FRLVD TXHVDELD HUD TXH DWUL]HVSRGLDP JDQKDU FHQWHQDVGH OLEUDVSRUVHPDQD

/HPEURXVH GHWHU OLGR QRVMRUQDLVTXH FHOHEULGDGHV FRPR DVUD 6LGGRQV KDYLDPJDQKR EHQHIFLRV RVTXDLV FRQIRUPH OKH GLVVHUD R SDLVLJQLILFDYDP TXHWRGRV RVUHQGLPHQWRV SURYHQLHQWHV GDTXHOH GHVHPSHQKR HP HVSHFLDO FDELDP LQWHLUDPHQWH DRDWRU RX DWUL]

6H DTXHODV PXOKHUHV TXH FRQYHUVDYDP DWUVGHOD HUDP DWUL]HV LPSRUWDQWHV LULDWHQWDU DSUHQGHUVHXV QRPHV DVVLP PHVPR TXH 3HUHJULQH QR D TXLVHVVH OHYDU DRWHDWUR SRGHULD DFRPSDQKDUVXDVFDUUHLUDVDWUDYV GDVFROXQDVWHDWUDLV

4XDQGR YROWDVVHP SDUD FDVD FRQYHUVDULD FRP 3HUHJULQH D UHVSHLWR GD IHVWD HSHGLULD TXH OKH H[SOLFDVVH PXLWDVGHVVDVFRLVDVTXH HVWDYD DFKDQGR FRQIXVDV

2 PDLVFRQIXVR GHWRGRVHUD R PDUTXV 'HYLD HVWDU IXULRVR FRP HOD SRUWHUVLGRWRVLQFHUD DR OKH SHUJXQWDU SRU TXH SURFHGLD GDTXHOD IRU PD 1RWLQKDVLGR DSHQDVXPD SHUJXQWD LQGLVFUHWD H LPSHUWLQHQWH PDV DOJR TXH SRGHULD UHSHUFWLUGHVIDYRUDYHOPHQWH FRP UHODR D 3HUHJULQH 3HQVRX TXH SUHFLVDYDVHU SROLGD HKXPLOGH SDUDVH UHFRQFLOLDU FRP HOH

( VWDYD LPDJLQDQGRVHWHULD RXWUD RSRUWXQLGDGH GH FDYDOJDUHP MXQWRV H FKHJRX FRQFOXVR GH TXH FHUWDPHQWH HOH QR D TXHUHULD PDLVYHU GHSRLVGR TXH FKDPDUD GHVXD IUDQTXH]D &RPR SGHVHUWR HVWSLGD"

0DV DILQDO QR HUDWRWHUUYHO DVVLP 0DLVXP GLD HVHULD D OWLPD YH] TXH YHULDR PDUTXV $ PHQRVTXH


41/84

5HVROYHX SDUDU GH SHQVDU QR DVVXQWR SRLVFRPHDYD DVHQWLU PHGR ( VH HOHV QR FRQVHJXLVVHP HQFRQWUDU R YDOH" (VH 3HUHJULQHWLYHVVH TXHVH

KXPLOKDU RIHUHFHQGR RVRODU DR PDUTXV SRUTXH HUD TXDVH LP SRVVYHO SDUD HOHOHYDQWDU DVRPD TXH GHYLD"

1HVVH FDVR HODWHULD TXH FDLU GH MRHOKRVGLDQWH GDTXHOH KRPHP LP SORUDQGROKH GHL[DVVH DR PHQRVDOJXQVREMHWRVSHVVRDLVGHVXD PH TXH QRVXSRUWDULD SHUGHU3RU TXH SRU TXH HVWDYDP QDTXHODVLWXDRWHUUYHO"

6DELD D UHVSRVWD VHX LUPR HUD PXLWR LUUHVSRQVYHO HP TXHVWHVGH GLQKHLUR HFRPHDYD DWHU JRVWRVPXLWR FDURV 6XVSLURX &KDUOHV VHQWDGR DVHX ODGR GLVVH

9RF SDUHFHWULVWH$QWHVTXH SXGHVVH UHVSRQGHU $YULO TXH HVWDYD SHUWR GHOH IDORX LUULWDGD (OD HVW WULVWH FRPR HX 3RU TXH R HVWSLGR FDYDOR GR PDUTXVQR JDQKRX

FRPRWRGR PXQGR GL]LD TXH LD DFRQWHFHU" $ YR] GHOD HUD DOWD H HVWULGHQWH &KDUOHVROKRX SDUD RVODGRV DVVXVWDGR 7RPH FXLGDGR $FKR TXH QRVVR DQILWULRWDPE P QR HVW PXLWR FRQWHQWH HP

VHU XP SHUGHGRU 2 TXH DFRQWHFHX FRP R FDYDOR" SHUJXQWRX $YULO 1R HUD EDVWDQWH USLGR H 6DLORU R EDWHX

%HP QHVVH FDVR XPD SHQD QR FRQKHF HU R GRQR GH 6DLORU1HRPD DFKRX TXH HOD HVWDYDVHQGR GHVDJUDGYHO FRP &KDUOHV GH SURSVLWR $OFDQDUDP 6\WK 0DLVXPD YH] LPDJLQRX FRPR R PDUTXVSRGLDVHU R GRQR GH

XPD FDVD DVVLP H HQFK OD GH JHQWH TXH QRV QR PHUHFLD DTXHOH DPELHQWH FRPRQR HUD FDSD] GH DSUHFL OR

'H VGH TXHWLQKDP FKHJDGR 1HRPD QR YLUD QHQKXP GRV K VSHGHVDGPLUDU RVPYHLV

$R SHQVDU QLVVR FRQFOXLX FRP SUD]HU TXHWHULD EDVWDQWHWHPSR DQWHVGR MDQWDUSDUD YHU PHOKRU D FDVD )LFRXWR H[FLWDGD FRP D LG LD TXH FRUUHX DR T XDUWR SDUDGHL[DU R FKDS X H DVOXYDV (P VHJXLGD SURFXURX RVU *UH\VWRQH QR HVFULWULR

(OH HVWDYD HPVXD PHVD HVFUHYHQGR PDV OHYDQWRX RV ROKRV FRP XP VRUULVRTXDQGR HOD HQWURX

( VWDPRVGH YROWD VU *UH\VWRQH 7HPWHPSR SDUD PH PRVWUDU PDLVXP SRXFRGD FDVD"

$ DQVLHGDGH HPVHXVROKRVIH] FRP TXH HOHVH GHFLGLVVH 2 VQHJFLRVGH 6XD ([FHOQFLDWHUR TXH HVSHUDUVUWD .LQJ &RPHDUHPRV

QRVVR SDVVHLR DJRUD PHVPR GH RQGH SDUDPRV 2K PXL WR REULJDGD 0XLWR REULJDGD2 VU *UH\VWRQH QRV DPDYD DTXHOD FDVD FRPRWUDEDOKDYD O K FHUFD GHWH

DQRVH FRQKHFLDWRGRVRVGHWDOKHVVREUH HOD 0RVWURX OKH D PDJQILFDVDOD SLQWDGD SRU-DPHV7KRUQKLOO HPOHYRX D DRVDOR GH PVLFD H DR GRUPLWULR QREUH TXHWLQKDVLGR XVDGR XP DQR DQWHVSHOR UHJHQWH

2 PDUTXVVHQWLXVH IHOL] HPW OR FRPR KVSHGH" SHUJXQWRX 1HRPD+RXYH XP PRPHQWR GH KHVLWDR DQWHVTXH HOH UHVSRQGHVVH 6XD ([FHOQFLD QR FRQYLGRX 6XD $OWH]D )RL HOH TXHP LQVLVWLX HP YLU D 6\WK

SHODWHUFHLUD YH] 2XYL GL]HU TXH ILFRX YHUGH GH LQYHMD FRP RVWHVRXURVGDTXL $FKR TXH YHUGDGH HWHQKR D LPSUHVVR GH TXH PXLWDVYH]HV HOHWHPWHQWDGR

QRVYHQFHU UHGHFRUDQGRVXDVUHVLGQFLDV , VVR H[WUHPDPHQWH GLIFLOVRUULX 1HRPD


42/84

2OKDYD SDUD D HQRUPH FDPD GH EDOGDTXLP FRPVHX IDQWVWLFRWHWR HQWDOKDGRUHSUHVHQWDQGR D &DDGRUD GD $XURUD DWUDYV GD 1RLWH H FHQDVGH SDLVDJHQVSLQWDGDVQDVFRUWLQDVH HVWWXDVQRVFDQWRV

XPD H[SHULQFLD LQDFUHGLWYHO ROKDU SDUD HVVHWHWR 6LQWR LVVR HP UHODR D PXLWDVFRLVDVGH 6\WK FRQFRUGRX RVU *UH\VWRQH 1R WHQKR SDODYUDVSDUD GHVFUHYHUWXGR TXH YHMR GLVVH 1HRPD8PD YR] TXH QR HUD D GR DGPLQLVWUDGRU UHVSRQGHX (Q WR GHL[H PHVXJHULU DOJXPDV/RUGH 'DGFKHWWHQWUDUD QR TXDUWR H GLVVH DRVU *UH\VWRQH 6LQWR LQWHUURPSHU R TXH LPDJLQRVHU XPD EHOD H[FXUVR SHOD FDVD PDV6XD

([FHOQFLD R FKDPD LPHGLDWDPHQWH ELEOLRWHFD 2 KRPHP SDUHFHX KHVLWDU H ORUGH 'DGFKHWWUHSHWLX (X GLVVH LPHGLDWDPHQWH&RPRVH DFHLWDVVH R LQHYLWYHO RVU *UH\VWRQH FXUYRXVH SDUD 1HRPD 4XHLUD PH GHVFXOSDUVUWD .LQJ (VSHUR QR GHPRUDU PXLWR 3RU IDYRU YROWH 2X WDOYH] HX SRVVD LU FRP RVHQKRU"&DPLQKRX HP GLUHR SRUWD PDVORUGH 'DGFKHWWEDUURX D SDVVDJHP 1R K QHFHVVLGDGH GH LQWHUURPSHUVXD H[FXUVR 2IHUHR PH SDUDVHUVHX

JXLD FRQKHR 6\WK PXLWR EHP H SRVVR OKH FRQWDUWXGR R TXH GHVHMDVDEHU PXL WD JHQWLOH]D GHVXD SDUWH PDVR VU *UH\VWRQHWHP VLGRWR SUHVWDWLYR HPPH JXLDU TXH QR GHVHMR SHUG OR

*UH\ VWRQH SUHFLVD REHGHFHU DR SDWUR(QTXDQWR HOH IDODYD R DGPLQLVWUDGRU GHL[RX R TXDUWR /RUG 'DGFKHWWROKRX SDUD

HOD FRP XPVRUULVR PDOLFLRVR QRVOELRVJURVVRV 7HQKR D LPSUHVVR GH TXH YRF HVW WHQWDQGR PH HYLWDU ( LVVR XPD FRLVD

TXH QR SUHWHQGR SHUPLWLU ( VW ILFDQGRWDUGH SUHFLVR SURFXUDU RVU 6WDQGLVK 6HX DPLJR HVW EHP IHOL]VHP YRF 1D YHUGDGH GHL[HL R EHEHQV

DPDUJXUDVGHVXD SHUGD FRPRWRGR R UHVWR GRVFRQYLGDGRV 1HRPD HVSHUDYD TXH 3HUHJULQH QR EHEHVVH PXLWR PDV IRL FRP DOYLR TXH

SHUFHEHX TXH QLQJX P VDELD TXH HOH H &KDUOHVQR KDYLD P SHUGLGR QR 'HUE\ 3RU LVVR R FDPLQKR HVW OLYUH GLVVH ORUGH 'DGFKHWWSDUD TXH HX H YRF

WHQKDPRVDTXHOD FRQYHUVD TXH PH IRL SURPHWLGD 1R SURPHWL QDGD GLVVR %HP HX SURPHWL D PLP PHVPR R TXHVLJQLILFD D PHVPD FRLVD 4XHUR IDODU

FRP YRF H TXHUR RXWUDVFRLVDVWDPE P+DYLD XPD H[SUHVVR HP VHXV ROKRV TXH DODUPRX 1HRPD $IDVWRXVH GHOH

WHQWDQGR PDQWHU D FDOPD 1R GHVHMR FRQYHUVDU 'HVHMR YHU D FDVD H SDUWLFXODUPHQWH DV SLQWXUDVGR

YHVWEXOR3HQVRX TXH DTXHOD HUD XPD DWLWXGH LQWHOLJHQWH GHVXD SDUWH SRUTXH QR YHVWEXOR

KDYLD PXLWRV FULDGRV H VHULD LPSRVVYHO D ORUGH 'DGFKHWWWHQWDU TXDOTXHU LQWLPLGDGHFRPWDQWD JHQWH SRU SHUWR(OH REYLDPHQWH SHUFHEHXVXD LQWHQR H ULX 9RF M YLX R YHVWEXOR (VWRX GHOLFLDGR HP SRGHU OKH PRVWUDU HVWH TXDUWR H

SDUWLFXODUPHQWH HVWD FDPD&RORFRX RVEUDRVHP YROWD GHOD 1HRPD IXJLX GR DEUDR PDVHOH D VHJXURX SHOR

SXOVR 9RF M EULQFRX PXLWR FRPLJR 9DPRVQRVGDU XPDWU JXD SRU TXHWHQKR DOJR

PXLWR LPSRUWDQWH D OKH GL]HU


43/84

'HL[H PH LU HOD JULWRX 1R TXHUR ILFDU DTXL 4XHUR TXH ILTXH 4XHURWDPE P TXH PH HVFXWH H DFKR TXHVHU PHOKRU SDUD

YRF ID]HU LVVR 0HOKRU" 6 WDQGLVK PXLWR MRYHP H REYLDPHQWH QRWR ULFR SDUD OKH GDUWXGR TXH

PHUHFH 7HQKR XPD SURSRVWD PXLWR PDLVDWUDHQWH VREWRGRVRVSRQWRVGH YLVWD3RU XP PRPHQWR 1HRPD ROKRX SDUD HOH QR HQWHQGHQGR EHP R TXH HVWDYD

VXJHULQGR (QWR HOH SX[RX D DEUDDQGR D FRP IRUD 9RF PXLWR DWUDHQWH 1D YHUGDGH PH H[FLWD FRPR K PXLWR QR PH

DFRQWHFLD 'HL[H PH LU/RUGH 'DGFKHWWWHQWRX EHLM OD 9LURX R URVWR SDUD R RXWUR ODGR 1R HQWDQWR HOH D

SUHQGLD FRP ILUPH]DPDO SRGLDVH PH[HU 6HQWLX SQLFR PDV PHVPR DVVLP WHQWRXOXWDU (OH ULX

$LQGD OXWDQGR FRPLJR" %HP GH TXDOTXHU IRUPD XPD QRYL GDGH 6HQWLUHL PDLVSUD]HU DLQGD TXDQGR YRF DILQDO FDSLWXODU

6ROWH PH(PSXUURX R FRPWRGD D IRUD PDVIRL LQWLO &RQWLQXDYD SUHVD

)DODUHPRVVREUH LVVR GHSRLVTXH PH GHU XP EHLMR2XWUD YH]VHXVOELRV VH DSUR[LPDUDP H 1HRPD YLURX R URVWR /RUGH 'DGFKHWWVLPSOHVPHQWH DXPHQWRX D SUHVVR GHVHXVEUDRV H D SX[RX PDLVSDUD SHUWR 1HRPDSHUFHEHX DWHUURUL]DGD TXH QR FRQVHJXLULD HYLW OR

$ LG LD GDTXHOH EHLMR HUDWR UHYROWDQWH TXH FRPHRX D JULWDU 0DVHUD FRPRVHVHX GHVHVSHUR SDUD HVFDSDUV DXPHQWDVVH D GHWHUPLQDR GHOH

6HQWLX DTXHOHVOELRVHP VHX URVWR 6DELD TXH HUD DSHQDVXPD TXHVWR GHWHPSRDWTXH HOH DOFDQDVVHVXD ERFD (QWR RXYLX XPD YR] VSHUD

&RPR VHPSUH LQRSRUWXQR QR *HRUJH"&RP XP GLVSDUR QR FRUDR 1HRPD SHUFHEHX TXH R PDUTXVHVWDYD D OL H DWLQKD

VDOYR TXDQGR SHQVDYD M HVWDUWRWDOPHQWH SHUGLGD 2 VEUDRVGH ORUGH 'DGFKHWWUHOD[DUDP &RP XP OWLPR GHVHVSHUDGR HVIRUR HOD

OLYURXVH GHOH $WUDYHVVRX R TXDUWR FRUUHQGR H ODQRXVH FRQWUD R PDUTXV SURFXUDQGRUHIJLR (OH SDVVRX R EUDR YROWD GHOD HVHQWLX TXHWUHPLD HQTXDQWR 1HRPDHQFRVWDYD R URVWR HPVHXVRPEURV

/RUGH 'DGFKHWWYROWRXVH IXULRVR 4XH GLDERVYRF GHVHMD" 1XQFD GHL[R GH YLU HPVRFRUUR GH XP GH PHXVFRQYLGDGRV VH R HVFXWR JULWDU (X QR LQWHUILUR HPVHXVQHJFLRV GLVVH ORUGH 'DGFKHWWH H VSHUR TXH QR

LQWHUILUD QRVPHXV 6HX VRX GH 6WDQGLVK"6 HQWR 1HRPD GHXVH FRQWD GH TXH HVWDYD DEUDDGD DR PDUTXV &RP XP

HVIRURVROWRXVH GL]HQGR 3RU IDYRU SUHFLVR LU PXLWR REULJDGD6HP HVSHUDU UHVSRVWD VDLX GR TXDUWR $VVLP TXH DOFDQRX R FRUUHGRU SV VH D

FRUUHU SDUDVHXVDSRVHQWRV2 PDUTXVQRVH PRYHX GH RQGH HVWDYD 6LPSOHVPHQWH GLVVH D ORUGH 'DGFKHWW 0HX DGPLQLVWUDGRU FRQWRX PH TXH YRF GLVVH TXH HX R SURFXUDYD R TXH

HUD YHUGDGH 0HX 'HX V 5RV\ WK R TXH YRFWHP D YHU FRP R IDWR GH HXWHU PH LQWHUHVVDGR

SRU XPD SHTXHQD TXH DSDUHFHX SRU D TXLWUD]LGD SRU RXWUD SHVVRD" ( VWD JDURWD PXLWR MRYHP H QR TXHUWURFDU D SURWHR GH 6WDQGLVK SHODVXD


44/84

/RJR HOD YDL DSUHQGHU R TXH P

À Luz do Luar

Documents

Transcript of À Luz do Luar