A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export...

90
The Institute, its contributors, employees and Board shall not be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any person relying on this report, whatever the cause of such loss or damage. A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage Updating the Porter Study's analysis of exports Working Paper 2002/04 By John Ballingall and Phil Briggs Funding for this research was provided by the Treasury. The views expressed in the report are not necessarily those of the Treasury. August 2002 NZ INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH (INC.) 8 Halswell St. Thorndon P O BOX 3479 WELLINGTON Tel: (04) 472 1880 Fax: (04) 472 1211

Transcript of A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export...

Page 1: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

The Institute, its contributors, employees and Board shall not be liable for any loss or damagesustained by any person relying on this report, whatever the cause of such loss or damage.

A look at New Zealand'scomparative advantage

Updating the Porter Study's analysis of exports

Working Paper 2002/04

By John Ballingall and Phil Briggs

Funding for this research was provided by the Treasury.

The views expressed in the report are not necessarily those of the Treasury.

August 2002

NZ INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH (INC.)

8 Halswell St. Thorndon

P O BOX 3479 WELLINGTON

Tel: (04) 472 1880

Fax: (04) 472 1211

Page 2: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage ii

Preface

The New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER),based in Wellington, was founded in 1958 as a non-profitmaking trust to provide economic research and consultancyservices. Best known for its long-established Quarterly Survey ofBusiness Opinion and forecasting publication QuarterlyPredictions, the Institute also undertakes a wide range ofconsultancy activities for government and privateorganisations. It obtains most of its income from researchcontracts obtained in a competitive market and trades on itsreputation for delivering quality analysis in the right form, andat the right time, for its clients. Quality assurance is providedon the Institute’s work:• by the interaction of team members on individual projects;• by exposure of the team’s work to the critical review of a

broader range of Institute staff members at internalseminars;

• by providing for peer review at various stages through aproject by a senior staff member otherwise disinterested inthe project;

• and sometimes by external peer reviewers at the request of aclient, although this usually entails additional cost.

Authorship

This report has been prepared at NZIER by John Ballingall andPhil Briggs. The financial assistance of the New ZealandTreasury is gratefully acknowledged. The helpful comments ofDoug Steel and John Yeabsley (both NZIER) are alsoacknowledged.

Page 3: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage iii

CONTENTS

1. Introduction.............................................................................................. 1

2. Methodology............................................................................................. 22.1 Data ..................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 The annual snapshots.......................................................................................... 2

2.3 Changes between 1985 and 1999....................................................................... 3

3. Summary of key results .......................................................................... 53.1 1999 snapshot of export structure ....................................................................... 5

3.2 Changes in export structure between 1985 and 1999 ......................................... 8

3.2.1 Changes in comparative advantage............................................................. 8

3.2.2 Gains in market share ................................................................................ 11

3.2.3 Identifying future avenues of growth .......................................................... 12

3.3 Shift share analysis............................................................................................ 20

4. Conclusions and further work .............................................................. 21

5. References.............................................................................................. 22

APPENDICES

Appendix A: 1985 export structure............................................................ 23

Appendix B: 1999 export structure............................................................ 43

Appendix C: change in export structure between 1985 and 1999 .......... 63

Appendix D: List of sectors by area from Figure 4 .................................. 83

Page 4: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage iv

FIGURES

Figure 1 Comparative advantage and export levels 1999 .............................................. 5

Figure 2 Changes in NZ's comparative advantage....................................................... 10

Figure 3 NZ export growth versus world export growth ................................................ 14

Figure 4 NZ's star performers....................................................................................... 15

Figure 5 Proportions of New Zealand’s total exports in each area ............................... 15

Figure 6 Comparison of shift share analyses ............................................................... 20

TABLES

Table 1 Top fifty commodities in which New Zealand has a comparative advantage .... 5

Table 2 Comparative advantage by 1-digit sector .......................................................... 7

Table 3 Sectors losing or gaining a comparative advantage .......................................... 8

Table 4 Sectors with the fifty largest gains in market share ......................................... 11

Table 5 Top fifty sectors where New Zealand export growth has been stronger thanworld export growth.................................................................................... 13

Table 6 New Zealand’s star performers........................................................................ 17

Table 7 List of sectors by area from Figure 4 ............................................................... 83

Page 5: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 1

1. INTRODUCTION

NZIER and Treasury are both interested in explaining the long term growthperformance of the New Zealand economy, and the prospects for ‘economictransformation’. Previous work undertaken by NZIER (Briggs, Bishop and Fan, 2001;Ballingall and Briggs, 2001) has shown that:1

1. Much of New Zealand's relatively weak economic growth can be attributed to lowexport growth.

2. New Zealand's low merchandise export growth is mainly due to the composition ofexports – New Zealand's exports tend to be in sectors where growth in worldimports has been relatively slow.

In our earlier analyses we compared New Zealand's growth in export values withgrowth in world imports. In doing this we used a relatively high level of aggregation;we basically worked at the SITC 1-digit level. Feedback obtained from Treasurysuggested that because of this, it is possible that we may have overlooked fast growingsub-sectors. Such sub-sectors could boost export growth substantially in the future, yetin our earlier analysis their effects on growth were going unnoticed.

With this in mind, we have conducted a detailed examination of New Zealand's exportstructure – using data to the 4-digit level of aggregation. We focused on the periodbetween 1985 and 1999, looking at ‘snapshots’ of NZ’s export structure in each year,and at how the structure has changed over the 15-year period. In effect, this work is anupdate of the work done in the 1991 Porter study, which looked at New Zealand’sexport sectors at a low level of aggregation. The study also identified sectors such asboatbuilding and electric fence manufacturing as fast growing export industries.

The aims of this study are:• To show in which areas New Zealand’s share of world trade is high, thereby

identifying areas of revealed comparative advantage in each year.• To examine how New Zealand’s comparative advantage patterns have changed

over time. For example, have the primary processing sectors gained incompetitiveness since 1985?

• To identify fast growing sub-sectors that may contribute strongly to New Zealand’sexport – and thus GDP – growth in the future.

• To check the results of our earlier shift share analysis, and to see if any aggregationbias occurred due to looking at only very broad categories of exports.

1 Both papers are available on the NZIER website http://www.nzier.org.nz

Page 6: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 2

2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 DataWe obtained from the United Nations’ COMTRADE database the following data for1985 and 1999 at the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) 4-digit level ofaggregation:2

• New Zealand’s exports to the world.• New Zealand’s imports from the world.• All reporting countries’ exports to the world.3 The data was summed over these

reporting countries to create a ‘world’ exporter category.4

All data was delivered in nominal $US.

As seen in Appendices A, B, and C, we used the data to produce three key sets ofresults: 5

• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure.• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure.• An overview of the changes that occurred between 1985 and 1999.

2.2 The annual snapshotsThe snapshots aim to show the sectors in which New Zealand had a comparativeadvantage. Broadly following the methodology in Porter (1990) and Crocombe et al(1991), we use the following criteria to determine whether a sector has a comparativeadvantage:• If New Zealand's share of world exports in that sector exceeds a threshold

percentage (this threshold is New Zealand's total exports as a percent of total worldexports), a sector is deemed to have a comparative advantage.

2 Note that all data collected was from the Revision 1 classification of the SITC codes. This enabled us to

get the widest coverage of sectors and reporting countries. There are 706 sectors at this level ofaggregation.

3 Note that in 1985, there were 113 reporting countries. In 1999 there were 126. It could be argued thatbecause the number of countries reporting increased over the period, that we may have overstatedworld growth. However, by identifying which countries were present in 1999, but not in 1985, it wasfound that there was only one major exporter missing in 1985: China. Data from the IMF’s InternationalFinancial Statistics publication (2001) shows that in 1985, China’s exports to the world were $US27.33billion, approximately the same as Switzerland’s exports in that year. This compares to total worldexports in 1985 of $US1,623 billion. In 1999, China’s exports had grown to $US195.15 billion. We did notadjust the world total in 1999 to remove China’s exports, as their rapid export growth suggests that theyhave taken some market share from other countries. Of the other countries missing in 1985, the majorityare small African nations, and former Soviet republics. None of these countries had exports largeenough to skew our results significantly.

4 We decided in this study to use world exports rather than world imports. This was because data onexports tends to be more accurate regarding product descriptions and current values than import data.

5 In the results section, there are a large number of cells that do not contain a number. This is because of acouple of reasons. First, in 1985, there were more commodity categories reported than in 1999. Wherethese categories no longer existed in 1999, the 1985 data has been put into a ‘residual’ category. Theseresiduals ensure that the sum of the reported 4-digit data is the same as that reported for the 3-digitdata. Second, New Zealand does not export in every category that the world does. For example, NewZealand doesn’t export anything in SITC commodity code 0421 (RICE IN HUSK OR HUSKED FORM).

Page 7: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 3

• If imports exceed exports in a sector, that sector will be regarded as having nocomparative advantage, unless its share of world exports is more than twice thethreshold percentage.6

In addition, to estimate the extent of a sector’s comparative advantage, we calculate therevealed comparative advantage (RCA) index for each sector. This technique stemsfrom Balassa (1965), and the index is estimated using the following formula:

=

w

ikw

ki

ik XX

XX

RCA *100 Equation (1)

where X = exports

k = commodity

i = country (always New Zealand in our study)

w = world

This ratio is greater than 100 when a country’s share of world exports for a particularcommodity is greater than the country’s share of total world exports. A value over 100indicates that the country has specialised in this commodity – it has a comparativeadvantage.

2.3 Changes between 1985 and 1999This part of the analysis looks at export growth and aims to show how comparativeadvantage in each sector has changed between 1985 and 1999.

As a quick indication of how well New Zealand has fared in each sector, we calculatedthe compound annual growth rate for both New Zealand and world exports.

We also look at how each sector’s RCA has changed during the period. Changes inRCA between periods 0 and 1 can be measured as follows:

0

0

0

00

w

i

wk

iki X

XXXRCA = Equation (2)

1

1

1

11

w

i

wk

iki X

XXXRCA = Equation (3)

−=∆ 1*100 0

1

ik

ikik RCA

RCARCA Equation (4)

Through these formulae we can calculate:• The relative share of country i’s exports of commodity k in the first time period

(equation 2)• The relative share of country i’s exports of commodity k in the second time period

(equation 3)

6 There are very few sectors that do not qualify for the first part of the comparative advantage definition,

but do qualify via the second part. This can be seen in the appendices. For the remainder of the paper,our definition of comparative advantage is taken as being the first bullet point.

Page 8: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 4

• The ratio of the share of country i’s exports of commodity k in the second period tothat in the first period (Petersen and Gounder, 2002). A positive number suggeststhat a sector has increased its comparative advantage between the two years.

We also conducted a shift share analysis on the 4-digit SITC data. As explained inBallingall and Briggs (2001), the shift share technique assumes that a New Zealand’sexport growth is due to three factors:

1. Growth in world trade – This shows how New Zealand’s exports would have grown ifthey had increased at the same rate as total world exports.

2. Commodity composition – This looks at how New Zealand’s exports would havegrown if export growth in each sector had increased at the same rate as world exportgrowth in that sector. The difference between total exports calculated this way and theexport growth due to growth in world trade is the commodity composition effect.

3. Change in competitiveness – This shows the difference between the actual change inNew Zealand’s exports and the change that would have occurred if each sector hadgrown at the same rate as world export growth in that sector. That is, it shows whether,after accounting for the composition of New Zealand’s exports, we have performedbetter or worse than would be expected.

Page 9: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 5

3. SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS

The full set of results for all 706 commodities is contained in Appendices A, B and C.The following is a summary of the key results and more interesting changes. It shouldbe noted again that the analysis carried out in this report is for commodity exportsonly. We did not have the necessary data to examine how well New Zealand’s exportsof services such as tourism and education have performed.

3.1 1999 snapshot of export structureAs Figure 1 shows (not surprisingly), New Zealand tends to export more in thosesectors in which it has a comparative advantage.

Figure 1 Comparative advantage and export levels1999Revealed comparative advantage index (x-axis). Exports in $US000s (y-axis)

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

0 0 0 1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000RCA index (logarithmic scale)

NZ

expo

rts

leve

l, $U

S000

s

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Table 1 shows the top fifty goods in which New Zealand has a comparative advantage,ordered by magnitude of the RCA index.

Table 1 Top fifty commodities in which New Zealand has acomparative advantage

Commodity code Commodity name NZ exports to theworld (US$000s) in

1999

RCA index in 1999: >100shows a revealed

comparative advantage

0112 MUTTON ETC FRSH,CHLD,FRN 819,529 16,347

2117 SHEEP SKIN WITHOUT WOOL 89,328 15,972

2622 WOOL DEGREASED 271,975 14,093

0230 BUTTER 514,457 7,147

2512 MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 42,294 6,364

2911 BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 45,567 6,293

0222 MILK AND CREAM DRY 868,958 6,160

Page 10: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 6

0118 MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 78,594 4,877

0514 APPLES FRESH 273,574 4,457

2621 WOOL GREASY,FLEECE-WSHED 109,654 3,537

2422 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 288,880 3,212

5995 STARCH,INULIN,GLUTEN,ETC 452,392 2,328

0015 HORSES, ASSES, MULES 70,714 2,223

0240 CHEESE AND CURD 509,752 2,024

0111 BOVINE MEAT FRESH,FROZEN 631,579 1,846

2112 CALF AND KIP SKINS 15,127 1,819

0519 FRESH FRUIT NES 292,861 1,687

2919 ANIMAL MATERIALS NES 104,288 1,582

4113 ANIMAL OIL ETC,EXCL LARD 42,251 1,581

6416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 110,616 1,522

0116 EDIBLE OFFAL FRESH,CH,FR 47,040 1,247

6130 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 21,247 1,098

6512 YARN OF WOOL,ANIMAL HAIR 50,603 1,005

0311 FISH FRESH,CHILLED,FROZN 461,991 994

6611 LIME 4,776 986

6841 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS,UNWRGHT 406,410 918

2432 LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 377,144 896

0619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 20,882 891

2119 HIDES AND SKINS NES 3,571 806

4312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 33,032 792

0133 MEAT EXTRACTS AND JUICES 1,787 744

6119 LEATHER NES 40,538 734

0223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 74,370 690

2925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 35,506 624

7123 DAIRY-FARM EQUIPMENT 11,173 595

2116 SHEEP SKIN COMMON W WOOL 2,625 566

2114 GOAT AND KID SKINS 218 565

6318 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED NES 22,424 554

2517 SULPHATE WOOD PULP 157,130 549

0313 SHELL FISH FRESH,FROZEN 173,533 530

0221 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 25,571 527

0616 NATURAL HONEY 5,392 524

2627 WOOL OR HAIR COMBED 6,328 512

2766 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 3,228 509

0545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 113,330 508

8615 CINEMA CAMERAS,PROJ,ETC 5,171 457

8420 FUR ETC CLOTHES,PROD 10,473 455

6114 LEATHR BOVINE NES,EQUINE 89,743 448

5214 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 36,391 439

Page 11: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 7

0533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 8,519 437

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Of these fifty sectors, the majority are based on primary production:• Nine are concerned with animal hides, fur, and leather.• Seven are directly based on sheep (mainly wool, plus mutton).• Five are sectors producing dairy products. Dairy farm equipment is also present.• Six are related to wood, pulp and paper products.• Five are based on horticulture (mainly fruit and seeds).• Four are general agricultural sub-sectors (honey, meat extracts, offal, other animal

products).• Two are fishing/seafood based.• Two are focused on fats and oils.• One is starch, inulin, gluten, etc.• One is sugars and syrups not elsewhere specified.

The five sectors that are not based on agricultural, horticultural, or forestry industriesare:• Lime (US$4.8 million of New Zealand exports in 1999).• Aluminium, alloys, unwrought ($US406.4 million).• Slag, scalings, dross, etc (US$3.2 million).• Cinema cameras, projectors, etc (US$5.2 million).• Coal, petrol distillates not elsewhere specified ($36.4 million).

With 706 sectors to analyse, it is easier to look at the broad results by aggregating up tothe 1-digit level. Table 2 clearly shows how New Zealand’s comparative advantageremains firmly in the production of food and live animals.

Table 2 Comparative advantage by 1-digit sector

Commoditygroup

Commodity name Number of 4 digitsectors

Sectors withcomparativeadvantage

Comparativeadvantage as % of

total in thatcommodity group

0 Food & live animals 101 37 36.6

1 Beverages and tobacco 11 2 18.2

2 Crude materials excl fuels 120 25 20.8

3 Mineral fuels 17 1 5.9

4 Animal, vege oil, fats 22 4 18.2

5 Chemicals 74 11 14.9

6 Basic manufactures 199 37 18.6

7 Machines, transport eqpmt 91 8 8.8

8 Other manufactured goods 66 8 12.1

9 Other 5 1 20.0

Page 12: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 8

TOTAL 706 134 19.0

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

3.2 Changes in export structure between 1985 and 1999There are a number of ways at looking at the changes in sectoral growth andcomparative advantage that have occurred between 1985 and 1999.

3.2.1 Changes in comparative advantageTable 3 shows which sectors had a comparative advantage in 1985, but not in 1999, andthose which did not have a comparative advantage in 1985, but which did in 1999.

Table 3 Sectors losing or gaining a comparative advantage

Sectors that have lost their comparativeadvantage since 1985

1999 exports in$US000s

Sectors that have gained a comparativeadvantage since 1985

1999 exports in$US000s

BOVINE CATTLE 3,279 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 1,383

BARLEY UNMILLED 12 FISH SALTED,DRIED,SMOKED 6,579

MALT INCLUDING FLOUR 1,868 EDIBLE VEG NES FRSH,DRY 3,033

FRUIT NUTS NES PRESERVED 8,417 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 104,455

SUGAR PREPS NON-CHOCLATE 5,978 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 77,334

FOOD WASTE AND FEED NES 17,102 GOAT AND KID SKINS 218

MARGARINE,EDIBLE FAT NES 2,309 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 896

BEER,ALE,STOUT,PORTER 8,259 WASTE PAPER 9,119

FUR SKINS UNDRESSED 81 FINE HAIR UNCOMBED 698

COARSE HAIR UNCOMBED 0 WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 935

WOOL SHODDY 5 ANIMAL,VEG FERTLZR,CRUDE 335

IRON ORE,ETC,EXCL PYRTES 16,226 SALT 3,158

PEAT AND BRIQUETTES 365 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 3,228

PERFUME,COSMETICS,ETC 28,840 VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 2,310

BOXES,CASES,CRATES 2,028 COAL,EXCL BRIQUETTES 38,593

BUILDERS WOODWRK,PREFABS 18,791 OILS OF FISH,WHALES ETC 2,063

WOOD MFRS,DOMESTIC ETC 1,273 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 33,032

PAPER ETC IN BULK NES 13,524 INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 3,742

PAPER ETC CONTAINERS 10,745 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 36,391

CEMENT 5,701 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 37,565

DRAWN,BLOWN GLASS UNWRKD 6 PREPARED EXPLOSIVES 989

BOTTLES ETC OF GLASS 1,758 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 797

STL,COPPER NAILS ETC 620 PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 61,649

BASE METAL SAFES ETC 162 NEWSPRINT PAPER 86,960

OTH BASE MTL MANUFACTURS 30,406 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 65,845

Page 13: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 9

PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 0 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 29,774

INVALID CARRIAGES MOTRZD 215 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 734

RUBBER CLTHG INCL GLOVES 628 LIME 4,776

PRINTED MATTER NES 20,650 SAFETY GLASS 12,879

ARTICLES OF PLASTIC NES 111,548 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 40,674

REAL JEWELRY,GOLD,SILVER 19,109 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 51,103

BROOMS,PLAITED PROD,ETC 2,316 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 6,614

SPECIAL TRANSACTIONS 243,150 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 51,733

ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 55,231

LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 5,134

LEAD,ALLOYS WORKED 1,263

MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 5,643

MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 27,567

IRON,STEEL FENCING WIRE 231

SPRINGS AND LEAVES 6,519

HARVESTING ETC MACHINES 21,644

AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 5,379

NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 56,440

LOCOS NOT STEAM,NOT ELEC 4,388

WARSHIPS 20,245

HEADGEAR 4,997

CINEMA CAMERAS,PROJ,ETC 5,171

MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 54,715

DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 2,432

BABY CARRIAGES ETC 1,844

ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 1,685

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Table 3 shows that since 1985, New Zealand has lost its comparative advantage in anumber of agricultural goods, forestry and wood products, glass manufactures andbasic metal manufactures. It is likely that New Zealand’s competitors in some of thesemarkets are able to produce these goods on a much larger scale, thus gainingeconomies of scale, being more efficient and having a much lower per unit cost thanNew Zealand.

New Zealand has gained a comparative advantage in a wide range of sub-sectors since1985. It is important to consider the level of New Zealand’s exports in each of thesesub-sectors, in order to determine how likely that sector is boost New Zealand’s exportgrowth in the future. The sub-sectors in which New Zealand has gained a comparativeadvantage and are of significant size are:7

7 Note that the warships category is not included in this list, as this sub-sector is likely to have been

influenced by the sale of one such ship in 1999, and is not going to be a key export sector going forward.

Page 14: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 10

• Food preparations not elsewhere specified. This sub-sector includes tea and coffee,mustards, sauces and seasonings, soups and broths, yeast and vinegar ($US104.5million of New Zealand exports in 1999).

• Wine ($US77.3 million of New Zealand exports in 1999).• Newsprint paper (US$87 million).• Coal, excluding briquettes ($US38.6 million).• Hydrogenated oils and fats ($US33.0 million).• Coal and petrol distillates not elsewhere specified ($US36.4 million).• Washing preparations ($37.6 million)• Pesticides and disinfectants ($US61.6 million).• Other bulk paper, not elsewhere specified, which includes greaseproof paper,

corrugated paper, rolled paper, coated paper, and wallpaper ($US65.8 million)• Paper articles not elsewhere specified, which includes cigarette papers and copying

paper ($US29.8 million)• Various types of iron and steel, alloys, and fencing wire.• Agricultural and harvesting machines.• Metal transport boxes ($US27.6 million)• Medical instruments not elsewhere specified ($US54.7 million).

The rest of the sub-sectors in which New Zealand has gained a comparative advantagesince 1985 are relatively unimportant in terms of their contribution to overall exports.

Figure 2 shows the proportion of sub-sectors in the 1-digit aggregations that have acomparative advantage, for 1985 and 1999 – that is, it portrays the change in NewZealand’s comparative advantage over time: aka “economic transformation”. Itsuggests that while some sub-sectors are starting to gain comparative advantage inindustries other than food and live animals, our focus remains on primary products.

Figure 2 Changes in NZ's comparative advantagePercent of 4-digit sectors that have comparative advantage in each 1-digitaggregation

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

Food

& li

ve a

nim

als

Beve

rage

s an

d to

bacc

o

Cru

de m

ater

ials

exc

l fue

ls

Min

eral

fuel

s

Ani

mal

, veg

e oi

l, fa

ts

Che

mic

als

Basi

c m

anuf

actu

res

Mac

hine

s, t

rans

port

eqp

mt

Oth

er m

anuf

actu

red

good

s

Oth

er

1985 1999

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Page 15: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 11

3.2.2 Gains in market shareTable 4 shows the sub-sectors which have experienced the largest gains since 1985 inabsolute terms, relative to world growth in that sector. Wood products sourced fromconifers top the list, followed closely by dried milk and cream. It may be that tradeliberalisation has helped these sectors, by opening up new, previously protectedmarkets to New Zealand exporters.

Table 4 Sectors with the fifty largest gains in market share

Commodity name NZ's gain inmarket share

$US000s

Commodity name NZ's gain in marketshare $US000s

SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 238,085 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 32,989

LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 220,878 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 31,528

MILK AND CREAM DRY 214,687 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 30,679

AIRCRFT HEAVIER THAN AIR 158,253 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS,ETC 30,349

CHEESE AND CURD 153,373 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 30,267

APPLES FRESH 116,552 ELECTRIC POWER MACHINERY 28,942

CRUDE PETROLEUM,ETC 72,204 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 27,638

WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 71,312 RUBBER TYRES,TUBES 26,224

NEWSPRINT PAPER 59,872 HEATING,COOLING,EQUIPMNT 22,711

FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 56,900 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 21,988

PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 54,701 WARSHIPS 20,245

MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 53,722 TELECOMM EQUIPMENT NES 17,893

SULPHATE WOOD PULP 52,279 SWITCHGEAR ETC 17,271

IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 50,398 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 16,761

OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 50,370 TEXTILE MACHINERY 16,687

FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 49,841 STATISTICAL MACHINES 15,858

BUTTER 47,076 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 15,517

OFFICE MACHINES NES 46,910 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS NES 14,075

PLYWOOD 42,581 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 14,035

NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 40,951 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 13,483

IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 40,668 PASS MOTOR VEH EXC BUSES 13,136

BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 36,246 TRANSISTORS,VALVES,ETC 12,906

COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 36,231 AIRCRAFT ENGINES INC JET 12,136

OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 35,934 CONST,MINING MACHNRY NES 12,111

MEASURNG,CONTROLNG INSTR 33,681 GAS NATURAL 12,023

Note: Gain in market share refers to New Zealand’s actual change in exports in that sector lessthe change that would have occurred if the sector had grown at the same rate as world exportgrowth in that sector.

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Page 16: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 12

3.2.3 Identifying future avenues of growthSo how can we take all of this information and make it meaningful? Can we spot the‘star performers’ of the future? We are particularly interested in is those sectors inwhich:

1. New Zealand export growth is higher than world export growth.

2. World growth is above average world export growth.

3. New Zealand has a comparative advantage. From Figure 1 we know that a sectorthat has a comparative advantage is likely to be of reasonable size.

We start by looking at New Zealand export growth and world export growth by sector.Table 5 (overleaf) shows fifty sectors where New Zealand’s export growth has beenlarger than world export growth. Note that these are compound annual growth rates.

Page 17: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 13

Table 5 Top fifty sectors where New Zealand export growthhas been stronger than world export growth

Commodity name NewZealand

growth lessworld

growth

NewZealand

exports in1985,

$US000s

Commodity name NewZealand

growth lessworld

growth

NewZealand

exports in1985,

$US000s

IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 96 2 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 31 62

AIRCRFT HEAVIER THAN AIR 78 16 RADIO BROADCAST RECEIVRS 31 13

VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 69 1 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS ETC 30 2

HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 66 14 ACCTING MACHS,COMPUTERS 30 7

STEAM ENGINES,TURBINES 62 3 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 30 23

LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 52 9 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 29 50

WHITE SPIRIT,KEROSENE 51 3 GAS NATURAL 29 240

COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 50 80 ZINC,ALLOYS WORKED 29 8

CAMERAS STILL,FLASH APP 47 5 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 27 18

HORMONES 44 3 PASS MOTOR VEH EXC BUSES 27 181

WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 44 7 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS NON-CON 27 6

LINSEED OIL 41 1 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIP NES 27 51

IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 39 212 ANTIBIOTICS 25 10

IRN,STL MEDIUM PLATE ETC 38 7 IRON CASTINGS ROUGH 25 29

WATCHES,MOVEMENTS,CASES 36 15 TRANSISTORS,VALVES,ETC 24 101

DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 36 19 TRACTORS FOR TR-TRAILERS 23 2

FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 35 5 SILK FABRICS WOVEN 22 2

DISTILLATE FUELS 35 26 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 22 1,658

AIRCRAFT ENGINES INC JET 33 64 MINERAL TAR 22 1

LIME 32 56 SND RECRDRS,PHONOGR,PRTS 22 50

LORRY,TRUCK,BUS CHASSIS 32 6 AMUSEMENTS ETC FOR FAIRS 21 25

LORRIES,TRUCKS 32 40 ORANGES,TANGERINES ETC 20 163

INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 31 49 FATTY ACIDS ETC 20 51

CALF LEATHER 31 8 CAST IRON TUBES,PIPES 20 14

FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 31 6 METALLIC OXIDE FOR PAINT 20 3

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

In the vast majority of the fifty sectors, there has been rapid New Zealand exportgrowth from a very low base in 1985. Hence these sectors do not account for a largeproportion of New Zealand’s overall exports.

In addition, we want to know if the sectors in which New Zealand is growing fasterthan the world, are growing faster than average world growth. That is, are these the

Page 18: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 14

sort of sectors that we really want to be in? Figure 3 shows New Zealand growth bysector against world growth by sector. There are two key things to note:• Any point to the right of the vertical dashed average world growth line means that

that world exports in that sector are growing faster than average world exportgrowth.

• Any point above the “New Zealand growth = world growth” 45° line means thatNew Zealand’s exports in that sector are growing faster than world exports in thatsector (i.e. they are gaining market share).

Figure 3 NZ export growth versus world exportgrowthCompound annual growth, 1985 to 1999

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

-15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0World growth

NZ

grow

th

Average world growth

Area 1

Area 2Area 3

Area 4

New Zealand growth = world growth

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Therefore any point in Area 1 indicates a sector in which:• New Zealand export growth is greater than world growth; and• World growth is above average world growth.

However, we also need to know how important these sectors are to total New Zealandexports. As shown in Figure 1, the degree of comparative advantage is a reasonableproxy for the size of the sector.

Therefore, we now recreate Figure 3, but plot only those sectors in which New Zealandhas a comparative advantage. The combined export value of the sectors in which NewZealand has a comparative advantage in 1999 is $US9.6 billion, or around 78% of totalNew Zealand exports. A full list of the sectors in each of the four areas in Figure 4 canbe found in Appendix D, along with some summary data.

Page 19: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 15

Figure 4 NZ's star performersWorld growth (x-axis), New Zealand growth (y-axis), compound annualgrowth rates

-60.0

-40.0

-20.0

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

-15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

World growth

NZgrowth

New Zealand growth = world growth

Average world growth

Area 1

Area 2Area 3

Area 4

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

The star performers are those which are to the right of the dashed average worldgrowth line, and above the 45° line on which New Zealand growth equals worldgrowth. In each of these 37 sectors, New Zealand exporters have been able to use theirstrong comparative advantage to latch onto sectors that are performing well in worldmarkets. In addition, they have been able to grow more quickly than the world sector –they have gained in market share.

It is interesting to determine what proportion of New Zealand’s total exports are ineach area in Figure 4. These proportions are shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Proportions of New Zealand’s total exportsin each areaWorld growth (x-axis), New Zealand growth (y-axis), compound annualgrowth rates

Area 1

Area 2Area 3

Area 4

12.8%

15.9%21.2%

27.9% New Zealand growth = world growth

Average world growth

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Page 20: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 16

This suggests that nearly half of New Zealand’s total exports in 1999 were in worldsectors in which exports are growing slower than average world export growth. It isuseful to now look at the sectors in each area in more detail.

In total, there are only 37 sectors in Area 1. Table 6 (overleaf) provides some summarydata on these sectors.

Page 21: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 17

Table 6 New Zealand’s star performersCommodity

codeName RCA index New Zealand

export level in1999, $US000s

World export levelin 1999, $US000s

NewZealandgrowth

Worldgrowth

0223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 690 74,370 4,443,745 17.5 12.9

0320 FISH ETC TINNED,PREPARED 226 48,231 8,794,339 8.9 8.7

0488 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 339 32,732 3,985,208 21.7 17.0

0514 APPLES FRESH 4457 273,574 2,531,700 12.3 7.9

0533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 437 8,519 804,011 17.4 9.1

0541 POTATOES FRSH EXCL SWEET 222 9,737 1,806,003 10.1 8.9

0545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 508 113,330 9,192,553 13.6 10.5

0551 VEG DRIED EXCL LEGUMES 218 5,208 983,139 11.6 8.3

0619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 891 20,882 966,962 11.5 7.7

0990 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 294 104,455 14,668,011 17.4 11.0

1121 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 218 77,334 14,658,966 31.6 9.7

2411 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 110 896 336,184 43.0 12.0

2925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 624 35,506 2,347,120 11.0 8.0

2927 CUT FLOWERS,FOLIAGE 284 31,308 4,553,549 12.3 9.7

4312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 792 33,032 1,720,336 74.1 8.3

5542 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 165 37,565 9,398,344 25.4 11.1

5712 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 107 797 306,285 43.7 9.0

5996 CHEMICLS FROM WOOD,RESIN 255 6,403 1,035,881 11.6 8.4

6312 PLYWOOD 404 66,685 6,801,951 17.0 8.8

6314 IMPROVED,RECONSTIT WOOD 193 23,159 4,943,924 13.2 12.1

6416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 1522 110,616 2,998,080 22.9 17.8

6419 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 156 65,845 17,447,115 21.6 9.7

6429 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 100 29,774 12,272,921 14.8 10.0

6647 SAFETY GLASS 134 12,879 3,963,001 18.4 13.6

6727 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 140 40,674 11,988,367 103.1 7.6

6748 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 142 51,103 14,888,180 48.0 9.0

6793 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 169 6,614 1,610,109 41.8 12.8

6822 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 154 51,733 13,813,499 15.2 8.2

6842 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 103 55,231 22,113,186 9.3 9.1

6921 MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 164 5,643 1,417,995 18.1 8.2

6922 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 266 27,567 4,280,208 22.5 9.3

6986 SPRINGS AND LEAVES 103 6,519 2,618,274 25.4 12.9

7129 AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 121 5,379 1,829,784 9.8 9.5

7196 NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 110 56,440 21,175,337 20.0 9.4

8617 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 101 54,715 22,385,021 20.7 14.7

8941 BABY CARRIAGES ETC 158 1,844 482,189 25.8 14.7

9410 ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 202 1,685 343,642 17.0 9.6

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

Page 22: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 18

The combined export value of these 37 sectors is $US1.6 billion, relative to NewZealand’s total exports of $US12.4 billion. This represents around 13% of NewZealand’s total exports. The world export value of these sectors (that is, the potentialmarket for these products) is $249.9 billion.

The 37 sectors can be broadly grouped into the following categories:• Horticultural products – including cereal preparations, fresh apples, jams and

jellies, potatoes, dried vegetables, seeds and cut flowers.• Wine• Other food products – including fresh milk and cream, tinned fish, sugars and

syrups.• Wood and paper products – including plywood, reconstituted wood, fibreboard,

chemicals from wood, resin, and other paper articles.• Metal products – including coated, thin iron and steel, iron and steel coils and

rough forgings, worked copper and aluminium alloys, and metal storage andtransport boxes.

• Miscellaneous – including hydrogenated oils and fats, washing preparations, fuses,primers and detonators, safety glass, agricultural and other non-electrical machines,medical instruments, baby carriages, and zoo animals and pets.

The New Zealand sectors in Area 2 have a comparative advantage, are in faster thanaverage world growth markets, but are not yet growing as fast as world growth. It isthese sectors that may be of most interest to policymakers, because if they can behelped to lift their export growth, they may become star performers. The 28 sectors inArea 2 account for 15.9% of New Zealand’s total exports, or $US2.0 billion. They can bebroadly categorised into the following groups:8

• Fish – including fresh, chilled and frozen fish and shellfish.• Fruit and vegetables – including fruit temporarily preserved, vegetables simply

preserved, and other fresh fruit.• Other food and beverages– including natural honey, bread, biscuits and cakes,

chocolate, and cider.• Animal and vegetable products – including fertiliser, soaps, starches, and bovine

leather.• Paper and wood products – including cork manufactures, paperboard,

correspondence stationery, and exercise books.• Textiles/materials – including made-up canvas goods, blankets, and unknotted

carpets. Note that all three of these sectors are negative growth sectors for NewZealand exports.

• Miscellaneous – including domestic stoves and ovens, domestic electricalequipment, headgear, and picture postcards.

The New Zealand sectors in Area 3 have a comparative advantage, but are in slowworld growth markets, and are also growing slower than world growth. An analysis ofthese sectors, and those discussed below in Area 4, confirms our beliefs that NewZealand’s slow export growth is due to it having a composition of exports that isskewed towards slow world growth sectors. The combined exports of the 22 sectors in

8 See Appendix D for more detailed information

Page 23: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 19

Area 3 account for $US2.6 billion, or nearly 22% of New Zealand’s total exports in 1999.They can be broadly grouped into the following categories:9

• Meat – including fresh and frozen beef and mutton, offal, and other dried, smokedand salted meat.

• Other food – including eggs, leguminous vegetables, meat or fish meal fodder.• Animal products – including bovine and equine hides, sheepskins, and wool.• Wood products – including mechanical wood pulp and simply worked wood.• Oils and fats – including animal oil, and animal and vegetable waxes.• Miscellaneous – including yarn of wool, animal hair, unwrought aluminium alloys,

cultivating machinery, dairy farm equipment, and fur clothes and products.

The New Zealand sectors in Area 4 have a comparative advantage, and are growingfaster than the world exports, but are in slow growing world markets. In other words,New Zealand is very good at using its comparative advantage to grow rapidly in thesesectors, but world trade in these commodities isn’t expanding rapidly. It is interestingto note that many of New Zealand’s traditional export groups (dairy, meat, wood andpulp, etc) are in this Area. The 44 sectors in Area 4 account for 28% of New Zealand’stotal exports, and can be grouped as follows:10

• Meat – including horse meat, meat extracts and juices, and ‘other’ fresh, chilled,frozen, prepared and preserved meats.

• Dairy – including butter, cheese and curd, dried milk and cream, and evaporatedand condensed milk and cream.

• Other food – including salted, dried and smoked fish, and ‘other’ fresh, dryvegetables.

• Coal (excluding briquettes)• Hides – including calf and kip skins, tanned and dressed fur and skins, goat and kid

skins, and ‘other’ leather, hides and skins.• Wood, paper and pulp products – including conifer logs and lumber, waster paper,

newsprint paper, and sulphate wood pulp.• Animal products – including fine, uncombed hair, combed hair and wool, oils of

fish and whales, waste of wool and hair, bones, ivory and horns.• Chemicals – including salt, alcohols and phenols, prepared explosives, pesticides

and disinfectants, and other inorganic chemical products.• Fibres – including cordage and manufactures, and ‘other’ yarn.• Basic metals – including unwrought and worked lead alloys, and iron and steel

fencing wire.• Miscellaneous – including coal, harvesting machines, developed cinema film, lime,

and plumbing fixtures.

9 See Appendix D for more detailed information

10 See Appendix D for more detailed information

Page 24: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 20

3.3 Shift share analysisOne of the aims of this research was to confirm the results from our earlier shift shareanalysis of New Zealand exports at the 1-digit SITC level (Ballingall and Briggs, 2001).In order to make comparisons between this and our previous study valid, we deflatedthe 4-digit level export data using the US GDP deflator. We then conducted two shiftshare analyses:• Using the 4-digit level data without aggregating.• Aggregating the 4-digit level data into 1-digit categories.

The results are shown in Figure 6 (overleaf). The chart confirms the results from ourearlier study that New Zealand’s low merchandise export growth is mainly due to thecomposition of exports being skewed towards the slower-growing sectors. Thedifferences in magnitude of the three effects11 can be attributed to three key issues:• Our definition of the world is broader in this study. In the earlier report, the world

was an aggregation of 80 of New Zealand’s trading partners. Here, the world isdefined as all reporting countries (113 in 1985, 126 in 1999).12

• We used world exports to represent the world market, rather than world imports asemployed in our previous work (see footnote 3).

• The grouping of commodities from the 4-digit level to the 1-digit level is likely toresult in some aggregation bias.

Figure 6 Comparison of shift share analyses$US millions, real.

-4,000

-2,000

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

Changes in NZexports

Change in worldtrade

Commoditycomposition

Change incompetitiveness

New - 4 digit

New - 1 digit

Old - 1 digit

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER

11 See section 2.3 for the definitions of these three effects.

12 See section 2.1 for more details.

Page 25: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 21

4. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK

In Porter’s 1991 study of New Zealand’s exports, one conclusion drawn was that “NewZealand does have some areas… [which] provide leading edge demand for products,services, supplies and machinery. New Zealand firms can build on this world-classdemand to succeed in new industries. Examples where this has already occurredinclude yachts, electric fencing and certain other agricultural inputs, and sporting equipment”(Crocombe et al, 1991, p. 159, emphasis added). Our study suggests that pinninggrowth hopes on such tiny industries is probably futile. There are no ‘silver bullets’.New Zealand’s comparative advantage remains largely with agricultural, horticulturaland forestry-based products.

This study confirmed our earlier research that suggested that New Zealand’s slowexport growth (and therefore economic growth) has been due to it having acomposition of exports that is skewed towards slow growing world sectors. Nearlyhalf of New Zealand’s total exports in 1999 were in world sectors that were growingslower than average.

In order to improve New Zealand’s economic growth, our study suggests that moreemphasis should be placed on improving efficiency and encouraging innovation in theindustries in which we already have a comparative advantage, rather than searching forsolutions in industries in which New Zealand will not be competitive. The search forhigh value-added and technologically advanced processes is a valid policy direction,but it must be applied to the appropriate sectors. Or, as the Porter study suggests: “Thegoal should not be to fund blue-sky ‘high-technology’ or ‘key technology’ research forits own sake, but to focus on research that can improve the competitive position ofNew Zealand industry” (Crocombe et al, 1991, p. 174). In addition, New Zealand mustcontinue pursuing trade liberalisation, particularly for primary products. This is oneway in which Government can aid New Zealand to exploit its comparative advantage.

Of particular interest to policy makers will be those sectors that are in Area 2 in Figure4, where New Zealand has a comparative advantage, and the world sector is growingabove average, but New Zealand is not yet growing as fast as the world sector. An aimof policy must be to help move sectors from Area 2 to Area 1 in Figure 4 – that is, tohelp New Zealand exporters who have a comparative advantage in a fast-growingworld sector to grow as quickly as world exports in that sector.

One way of doing this may be to focus on spatial aspects of trade. This would involveidentifying, for each sector, countries that have particularly strong import growth inthat sector. The aim would be to lift the sector’s exports to that country via tradepromotion policies (Trade New Zealand activity, trade delegations, etc.) The use ofbilateral studies of New Zealand’s revealed comparative advantage may be helpful inthis respect. For example, which New Zealand sectors have gained market share inAustralia, compared to New Zealand’s overall share of Australian imports?

Page 26: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 22

5. REFERENCES

Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalization and 'Revealed' Comparative Advantage. ManchesterSchool 33, pp. 99-123.

Briggs, P, P. Bishop and E. Fan. (2001). New Zealand's economic growth: why has it beenlow? NZIER Working Paper 2001/2.

Ballingall, J, and P. Briggs. (2001). A comparison of Australia's and New Zealand's exportperformance using shift share analysis. NZIER Working Paper 2001/5.

Crocombe, G, M Enright, and M Porter. (1991). Upgrading New Zealand's competitiveadvantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

International Monetary Fund. (2001). International financial statistics yearbook.

Petersen, L, and R. Gounder. (2002). Closer economic relations between Australia and NewZealand: specialisation, competitiveness, complementarity. Department of Applied andInternational Economics, Massey University.

Porter, M. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. New York: Free Press.

Page 27: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 23

APPENDIX A: 1985 EXPORT STRUCTURESummary of 1985 data

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Commoditycode

Commodity name NZ exports tothe world(US$000s)

NZ importsfrom the world

(US$000s)

'World'exports

(US$000s)

Share ofNZ's totalexports,percent

NZ exports bycommodityas a % of

'world'exports in

thatcommodity

NZ's totalexports asa % of total

'world'exports

Comparative advantage

1: 6>7

NZ's tradebalance bycommodity(US$000s)

Comparativeadvantage 2:6>7 and 9>0OR 9<0 but

6>2*7

RCA index:>100 shows a

revealedcomparativeadvantage

0011 BOVINE CATTLE 7,462 214 1,959,420 0.13 0.38 0.34 CA1 7248 CA2 1110012 SHEEP, LAMBS, GOATS 678 4,483 529,459 0.01 0.13 0.34 - -3805 - 370013 SWINE 133 - 637,654 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 133 - 60014 LIVE POULTRY 201 - 278,246 0.00 0.07 0.34 - 201 - 210015 HORSES, ASSES, MULES 36,856 32,587 822,830 0.66 4.48 0.34 CA1 4269 CA2 13050019 LIVE ANIMALS FR FOOD NES 67 1 19,553 0.00 0.34 0.34 - 66 - 1000110 MEAT RESIDUAL - - 21 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00111 BOVINE MEAT FRESH,FROZEN 460,862 398 6,361,133 8.27 7.24 0.34 CA1 460464 CA2 21110112 MUTTON ETC FRSH,CHLD,FRN 577,506 21 1,093,830 10.37 52.80 0.34 CA1 577485 CA2 153830113 PIG MEAT FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 492 2,045 2,868,498 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -1553 - 50114 POULTRY FRESH CHLD,FRZN 992 - 1,415,259 0.02 0.07 0.34 - 992 - 200115 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 23 - 187,074 0.00 0.01 0.34 - 23 - 40116 EDIBLE OFFAL FRESH,CH,FR 44,339 46 673,945 0.80 6.58 0.34 CA1 44293 CA2 19170118 MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 10,161 29 271,523 0.18 3.74 0.34 CA1 10132 CA2 10900121 PIG MEAT DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 175 - 825,044 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 175 - 60129 MEAT NES DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 501 161 110,355 0.01 0.45 0.34 CA1 340 CA2 1320130 MEAT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 240 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00133 MEAT EXTRACTS AND JUICES 418 9 55,280 0.01 0.76 0.34 CA1 409 CA2 2200134 SAUSAGES INCL TINNED 681 38 317,406 0.01 0.21 0.34 - 643 - 630138 MEAT PREPD,PRESVD NES 7,965 547 1,704,729 0.14 0.47 0.34 CA1 7418 CA2 1360220 MILK AND CREAM RESIDUAL - - 221,970 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00221 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 4,682 279 932,779 0.08 0.50 0.34 CA1 4403 CA2 1460222 MILK AND CREAM DRY 272,087 9 2,419,386 4.89 11.25 0.34 CA1 272078 CA2 32770223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 7,793 - 808,318 0.14 0.96 0.34 CA1 7793 CA2 281

Page 28: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 24

0230 BUTTER 331,352 15 2,104,838 5.95 15.74 0.34 CA1 331337 CA2 45870240 CHEESE AND CURD 131,735 1,757 3,839,124 2.37 3.43 0.34 CA1 129978 CA2 10000250 EGGS 4,096 151 730,171 0.07 0.56 0.34 CA1 3945 CA2 1630310 FISH RESIDUAL - - 19,161 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00311 FISH FRESH,CHILLED,FROZN 151,706 307 5,296,662 2.72 2.86 0.34 CA1 151399 CA2 8340312 FISH SALTED,DRIED,SMOKED 1,210 91 913,903 0.02 0.13 0.34 - 1119 - 390313 SHELL FISH FRESH,FROZEN 99,883 1,761 4,275,890 1.79 2.34 0.34 CA1 98122 CA2 6810320 FISH ETC TINNED,PREPARED 14,703 15,958 2,752,264 0.26 0.53 0.34 CA1 -1255 - 1560410 WHEAT ETC UNMILLED 75 14,390 12,818,225 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -14315 - 00420 RICE RESIDUAL - - 25 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00421 RICE IN HUSK OR HUSKED - 69 268,730 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -69 - 00422 RICE GLAZED OR POLISHED - 3,778 2,492,022 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3778 - 00430 BARLEY UNMILLED 18,476 - 2,519,838 0.33 0.73 0.34 CA1 18476 CA2 2140440 MAIZE UNMILLED 4,259 54 7,780,543 0.08 0.05 0.34 - 4205 - 160451 RYE UNMILLED 5 - 104,740 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 5 - 10452 OATS UNMILLED 30 1 163,924 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 29 - 50459 OTHER CEREALS UNMILLED 8 340 1,331,762 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -332 - 00460 WHEAT ETC MEAL OR FLOUR 95 204 1,233,693 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -109 - 20470 MEAL AND FLOUR NON-WHEAT 13,311 78 249,200 0.24 5.34 0.34 CA1 13233 CA2 15560481 PREPD BREAKFAST FOOD ETC 330 186 404,157 0.01 0.08 0.34 - 144 - 240482 MALT INCLUDING FLOUR 3,557 65 560,834 0.06 0.63 0.34 CA1 3492 CA2 1850483 MACARONI,SPAGHETTI ETC 604 889 333,719 0.01 0.18 0.34 - -285 - 530484 BREAD,BISCUIT,CAKE,ETC 9,258 1,807 1,632,928 0.17 0.57 0.34 CA1 7451 CA2 1650488 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 2,082 745 443,762 0.04 0.47 0.34 CA1 1337 CA2 1370510 FRUIT RESIDUAL - - 1,889 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00511 ORANGES,TANGERINES ETC 163 8,151 1,378,141 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -7988 - 30512 LEMONS,GRAPEFRUIT ETC 1,302 827 613,284 0.02 0.21 0.34 - 475 - 620513 BANANAS,PLANTAINS FRESH - 19,052 1,368,016 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -19052 - 00514 APPLES FRESH 53,992 1,537 870,527 0.97 6.20 0.34 CA1 52455 CA2 18070515 GRAPES FRESH 378 1,077 678,097 0.01 0.06 0.34 - -699 - 160517 NUTS EDIBLE FRESH OR DRY 43 6,072 1,705,478 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -6029 - 10519 FRESH FRUIT NES 131,618 2,779 1,831,274 2.36 7.19 0.34 CA1 128839 CA2 20940520 DRIED FRUIT 639 12,725 719,126 0.01 0.09 0.34 - -12086 - 260530 FRUIT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 8 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00532 FRUIT PRESERVED BY SUGAR 228 329 68,558 0.00 0.33 0.34 - -101 - 970533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 901 399 237,749 0.02 0.38 0.34 CA1 502 CA2 1100535 FRUIT OR VEGETABLE JUICE 7,241 10,898 2,150,883 0.13 0.34 0.34 - -3657 - 980536 FRUIT TEMPORARILY PRESVD 8,764 756 326,184 0.16 2.69 0.34 CA1 8008 CA2 783

Page 29: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 25

0539 FRUIT NUTS NES PRESERVED 8,499 11,977 1,337,772 0.15 0.64 0.34 CA1 -3478 - 1850540 RAW VEGETABLES RESIDUAL - - 93 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00541 POTATOES FRSH EXCL SWEET 2,535 - 549,611 0.05 0.46 0.34 CA1 2535 CA2 1340542 LEGUMINOUS VEGTBLES DRY 18,089 2,070 1,200,467 0.32 1.51 0.34 CA1 16019 CA2 4390544 TOMATOES FRESH 113 20 898,275 0.00 0.01 0.34 - 93 - 40545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 19,086 1,144 2,266,906 0.34 0.84 0.34 CA1 17942 CA2 2450546 VEGETABLES SIMPLY PRESVD 20,790 878 750,501 0.37 2.77 0.34 CA1 19912 CA2 8070548 EDIBLE VEG NES FRSH,DRY 504 3,543 913,820 0.01 0.06 0.34 - -3039 - 160551 VEG DRIED EXCL LEGUMES 1,125 1,097 322,857 0.02 0.35 0.34 CA1 28 CA2 1020554 FLOUR ETC OF FRUIT,VEG 107 217 134,889 0.00 0.08 0.34 - -110 - 230555 VEGTBLES PRSVD,PREPD NES 6,874 1,659 2,041,021 0.12 0.34 0.34 - 5215 - 980610 SUGAR RESIDUAL - - 123,175 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00611 RAW BEET AND CANE SUGAR - 36,326 1,652,944 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -36326 - 00612 REFINED SUGAR ETC 1,523 105 1,671,481 0.03 0.09 0.34 - 1418 - 270615 MOLASSES 13 847 236,222 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -834 - 20616 NATURAL HONEY 3,095 9 142,662 0.06 2.17 0.34 CA1 3086 CA2 6320619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 4,561 774 342,913 0.08 1.33 0.34 CA1 3787 CA2 3880620 SUGAR PREPS NON-CHOCLATE 3,250 2,305 863,613 0.06 0.38 0.34 CA1 945 CA2 1100711 COFFEE GREEN,ROASTED,ETC 37 18,304 9,524,102 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -18267 - 00713 COFFEE ESSENCES,EXTRACTS 275 509 1,045,937 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -234 - 80720 COCOA RESIDUAL - - 419 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00721 COCOA BEANS RAW ROASTED - 13,929 1,947,681 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -13929 - 00722 COCOA POWDER

UNSWEETENED 99 401 220,573 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -302 - 13

0723 COCOA BUTTER AND PASTE - 8,042 1,666,373 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -8042 - 00730 CHOCOLATE AND PRODUCTS 16,092 1,833 1,873,725 0.29 0.86 0.34 CA1 14259 CA2 2500740 TEA RESIDUAL - - 13,463 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00741 TEA - 14,730 1,849,576 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -14730 - 00742 MATE - - 21,204 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00750 SPICES RESIDUAL - - 933 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 00751 PEPPER AND PIMIENTO - 956 567,812 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -956 - 00752 SPICES,EXCL PEPPER,ETC 170 982 483,431 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -812 - 100811 HAY FODDER GREEN,DRY 90 12 475,385 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 78 - 60812 BRAN,POLLARD,SHARPS,ETC 130 66 310,513 0.00 0.04 0.34 - 64 - 120813 VEGETABLE OIL RESIDUES - 1,327 3,968,572 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1327 - 00814 MEAT OR FISH MEAL FODDER 20,221 - 1,037,699 0.36 1.95 0.34 CA1 20221 CA2 5680819 FOOD WASTE AND FEED NES 35,985 1,645 2,662,570 0.65 1.35 0.34 CA1 34340 CA2 3940913 PIG,POULTRY FAT RENDERED 10 - 195,823 0.00 0.01 0.34 - 10 - 10914 MARGARINE,EDIBLE FAT NES 15,514 318 413,969 0.28 3.75 0.34 CA1 15196 CA2 1092

Page 30: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 26

0990 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 11,080 7,408 3,417,536 0.20 0.32 0.34 - 3672 - 941110 NON-ALC BEVERAGES NES 620 666 722,454 0.01 0.09 0.34 - -46 - 251120 ALCOHOL RESIDUAL - - 8 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 01121 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 1,658 9,820 4,035,887 0.03 0.04 0.34 - -8162 - 121122 CIDER ETC 599 91 39,303 0.01 1.52 0.34 CA1 508 CA2 4441123 BEER,ALE,STOUT,PORTER 4,263 4,228 1,174,257 0.08 0.36 0.34 CA1 35 CA2 1061124 DISTILLED ALCOHOLIC BEVS 5,014 16,741 3,333,135 0.09 0.15 0.34 - -11727 - 441210 TOBACCO UNMFD - 15,198 3,717,221 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -15198 - 01220 TOBACCO PRODUCTS

RESIDUAL - - 27 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

1221 CIGARS,CHEROOTS 24 298 234,154 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -274 - 31222 CIGARETTES 1,092 285 3,153,415 0.02 0.03 0.34 - 807 - 101223 OTHER MFD TOBACCO 1,070 237 448,671 0.02 0.24 0.34 - 833 - 692111 BOVINE,EQUINE HIDES 26,073 122 2,189,639 0.47 1.19 0.34 CA1 25951 CA2 3472112 CALF AND KIP SKINS 7,503 - 287,441 0.13 2.61 0.34 CA1 7503 CA2 7612114 GOAT AND KID SKINS 173 10 65,115 0.00 0.27 0.34 - 163 - 772116 SHEEP SKIN COMMON W WOOL 4,408 4,832 285,763 0.08 1.54 0.34 CA1 -424 CA2 4492117 SHEEP SKIN WITHOUT WOOL 152,514 141 270,822 2.74 56.32 0.34 CA1 152373 CA2 164082118 WASTE AND USED LEATHER 5 1 9,500 0.00 0.05 0.34 - 4 - 152119 HIDES AND SKINS NES 571 6 107,911 0.01 0.53 0.34 CA1 565 CA2 1542120 FUR SKINS UNDRESSED 5,858 194 1,239,692 0.11 0.47 0.34 CA1 5664 CA2 1382210 NUTS RESIDUAL - - 17,871 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02211 GROUNDNUTS GREEN 11 5,964 341,340 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5953 - 12212 COPRA EXCL FLOUR,MEAL - 1 85,481 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1 - 02213 PALM NUTS,KERNELS - 182 29,008 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -182 - 02214 SOYA BEANS,EXCL FLOUR - 21 5,255,799 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -21 - 02215 LINSEED,EXCL FLOUR,MEAL 31 - 182,633 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 31 - 52216 COTTON SEED,EXCL FLOUR - - 23,259 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02217 CASTOR OIL SEED - - 12,933 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02218 OIL SEEDS,NUTS,ETC NES 191 1,006 1,897,450 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -815 - 32219 OIL SEED FLOUR AND MEAL 7 238 14,371 0.00 0.05 0.34 - -231 - 142311 NATURAL RUBBER,GUMS - 6,747 3,287,515 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -6747 - 02312 SYNTHETIC RUBBER ETC 538 16,534 3,068,946 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -15996 - 52313 RECLAIMED RUBBER 3 232 18,933 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -229 - 52314 SCRAP UNHARDENED RUBBER 5 35 32,402 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -30 - 42411 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 6 2 68,747 0.00 0.01 0.34 - 4 - 32412 WOOD CHARCOAL - 11 60,211 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -11 - 02421 PULPWOOD - - 239,413 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02422 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 21,277 13 1,553,539 0.38 1.37 0.34 CA1 21264 CA2 399

Page 31: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 27

2423 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS NON-CON 6 233 1,688,998 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -227 - 02429 POLES,PILING,POSTS,ETC 249 710 142,192 0.00 0.18 0.34 - -461 - 512431 RAILWAY SLEEPERS,TIES - - 73,920 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02432 LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 59,075 6,277 6,563,541 1.06 0.90 0.34 CA1 52798 CA2 2622433 LUMBER SHAPED NON-CONIFR 732 6,568 2,054,154 0.01 0.04 0.34 - -5836 - 102440 CORK RAW AND WASTE - 80 42,638 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -80 - 02510 PULP AND PAPER RESIDUAL - - 2 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02511 WASTE PAPER 803 3 756,687 0.01 0.11 0.34 - 800 - 312512 MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 53,357 923 334,826 0.96 15.94 0.34 CA1 52434 CA2 46432515 PULP NOT OF WOOD - 7 116,154 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7 - 02516 CHEM WOOD PULP DISSOLVNG 176 17 568,450 0.00 0.03 0.34 - 159 - 92517 SULPHATE WOOD PULP 49,048 6,899 5,522,943 0.88 0.89 0.34 CA1 42149 CA2 2592518 SULPHITE WOOD PULP - 907 659,208 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -907 - 02519 SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP - - 39,171 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02610 SILK RESIDUAL - - 416 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02611 SILK WORM COCOONS - - 180 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02612 COCOON WASTE ETC - 15 20,035 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -15 - 02613 RAW SILK NOT THROWN - 5 2,572 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5 - 02620 WOOL RESIDUAL - - 1,587 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02621 WOOL GREASY,FLEECE-

WSHED 279,377 48 2,198,122 5.02 12.71 0.34 CA1 279329 CA2 3703

2622 WOOL DEGREASED 417,137 1,386 1,028,449 7.49 40.56 0.34 CA1 415751 CA2 118172623 FINE HAIR UNCOMBED 559 2,016 195,730 0.01 0.29 0.34 - -1457 - 832625 COARSE HAIR UNCOMBED 115 21 28,128 0.00 0.41 0.34 CA1 94 CA2 1192626 WOOL SHODDY 559 50 27,568 0.01 2.03 0.34 CA1 509 CA2 5912627 WOOL OR HAIR COMBED 1,611 1,195 209,868 0.03 0.77 0.34 CA1 416 CA2 2242628 WOOL TOPS 764 2,179 661,106 0.01 0.12 0.34 - -1415 - 342629 WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 7 436 127,486 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -429 - 22630 COTTON RESIDUAL - - 559 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02631 RAW COTTON,EXCL LINTERS - 32 4,034,729 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -32 - 02632 COTTON LINTERS - 11 96,282 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -11 - 02633 COTTON WASTE UNCOMBED 1 360 151,885 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -359 - 02634 COTTON CARDED COMBED - 787 7,765 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -787 - 02640 JUTE - 7 137,395 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7 - 02650 FIBRES RESIDUAL - - 5 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02651 FLAX AND TOW AND WASTE 4 39 175,043 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -35 - 12652 TRUE HEMP,TOW,WASTE - - 2,465 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02653 RAMIE AND NOILS AND WSTE - - 26,378 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02654 AGAVE FIBRES AND WASTE - 1,726 49,136 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1726 - 0

Page 32: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 28

2655 MANILA FIBRE,TOW,WASTE - 52 25,298 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -52 - 02658 VEG TEXT FIBRE,WASTE,NES - 198 37,093 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -198 - 02660 SYNTHETICS RESIDUAL - - 73,530 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02662 SYNTHETIC FIBRE TO SPIN 8 7,352 2,759,046 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7344 - 02663 REGENERATD FIBRE TO SPIN 2 2,391 774,231 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2389 - 02664 WASTE OF SYN,RGNRTD FBRE 24 10 130,439 0.00 0.02 0.34 - 14 - 52670 WASTE OF TEXTILE FABRICS 1,208 264 443,440 0.02 0.27 0.34 - 944 - 792710 NATURAL CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 1,619 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

2711 ANIMAL,VEG FERTLZR,CRUDE 69 - 20,353 0.00 0.34 0.34 - 69 - 992712 NATURAL SODIUM NITRATE - 22 35,509 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -22 - 02713 NATURAL PHOSPHATES NES - 43,423 1,016,804 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -43423 - 02714 NTRL POTASSIC SALTS,CRDE - - 80,373 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02731 BLDG,DIMENSION STONE 14 1,779 381,940 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1765 - 12732 CALCAREOUS STONE 57 4,172 213,892 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -4115 - 82733 SAND,EXCL METAL-BEARING 44 135 159,548 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -91 - 82734 GRAVEL,CRUSHED STONE 128 39 230,981 0.00 0.06 0.34 - 89 - 162740 SULPHUR AND PYRITES

RESIDUAL - - 535 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

2741 SULPHUR - 37,638 1,850,554 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -37638 - 02742 IRON PYRITES UNROASTED - 2 15,046 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2 - 02751 INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS - 303 167,555 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -303 - 02752 NATURAL ABRASIVES NES 10 1,059 280,605 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1049 - 12761 NATURAL ASPHALT,BITUMEN 1 1 149,497 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02762 REFRACTORY MINERALS NES 3,815 4,905 1,254,658 0.07 0.30 0.34 - -1090 - 892763 SALT 347 2,344 398,210 0.01 0.09 0.34 - -1997 - 252764 ASBESTOS CRDE,SMPLY WRKD - 1,232 440,005 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1232 - 02765 QUARTZ,MICA,FELSPAR,ETC 3 600 244,578 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -597 - 02766 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 62 60 204,280 0.00 0.03 0.34 - 2 - 92769 MINERALS CRUDE NES 113 3,267 655,174 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -3154 - 52810 IRON RESIDUAL - - 240,557 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02813 IRON ORE,ETC,EXCL PYRTES 19,415 177 4,994,293 0.35 0.39 0.34 CA1 19238 CA2 1132814 ROASTED IRON PYRITES - 4 39,369 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -4 - 02820 IRON AND STEEL SCRAP 1,378 314 2,852,002 0.02 0.05 0.34 - 1064 - 142830 METAL ORES RESIDUAL - - 455 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02831 COPPER

ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 1,869,662 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

2832 NICKEL ORES,CONCENTRATES - 30 830,876 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -30 - 02833 BAUXITE,ETC - 3 296,070 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3 - 0

Page 33: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 29

2834 LEAD ORES,CONCENTRATES - 6 368,858 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -6 - 02835 ZINC ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 880,845 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02836 TIN ORES, CONCENTRATES - - 236,697 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02837 MANGANESE

ORE,CONCENTRTE - 42 100,806 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -42 - 0

2839 NONFER ORE,CONCNTRTE NES - 661 1,240,405 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -661 - 02840 NON-FERROUS METAL SCRAP 3,800 96 2,912,525 0.07 0.13 0.34 - 3704 - 382850 SILVER AND PLATINUM ORES 509 38 804,719 0.01 0.06 0.34 - 471 - 182860 URANIUM,THORIUM ORE,CONC - - 399,144 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02910 ANIMAL MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - 3 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02911 BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 4,372 93 140,077 0.08 3.12 0.34 CA1 4279 CA2 9092919 ANIMAL MATERIALS NES 49,839 6,155 879,577 0.89 5.67 0.34 CA1 43684 CA2 16512920 PLANT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 26 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02921 PLANTS FR DYEING,TANNING - - 731 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 02922 NAT GUMS,RESINS,LACS,ETC 8 547 256,864 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -539 - 12923 VEG PLAITING MATERIALS 1 1,392 133,533 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1391 - 02924 VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 1 416 480,844 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -415 - 02925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 8,270 3,589 797,342 0.15 1.04 0.34 CA1 4681 CA2 3022926 LIVE PLANTS,BULBS,ETC 3,429 776 1,283,800 0.06 0.27 0.34 - 2653 - 782927 CUT FLOWERS,FOLIAGE 6,173 410 1,250,902 0.11 0.49 0.34 CA1 5763 CA2 1442929 OTH CRUDE VEG MATERIALS 945 3,422 557,798 0.02 0.17 0.34 - -2477 - 493214 COAL,EXCL BRIQUETTES 21,183 237 12,283,137 0.38 0.17 0.34 - 20946 - 503215 BRIQUETTES OF COAL - - 103,657 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 03216 LIGNITE AND BRIQUETTES - - 84,388 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 03217 PEAT AND BRIQUETTES 527 - 142,670 0.01 0.37 0.34 CA1 527 CA2 1083218 COKE OF COAL,ETC - 351 1,433,853 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -351 - 03310 CRUDE PETROLEUM,ETC 62,609 193,237 117,552,877 1.12 0.05 0.34 - -130628 - 163320 FUELS RESIDUAL - - 681,075 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 03321 MOTOR SPIRIT,GASOLINE 13 212,015 20,522,492 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -212002 - 03322 WHITE SPIRIT,KEROSENE 3 95,042 8,581,083 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -95039 - 03323 DISTILLATE FUELS 26 164,290 14,493,891 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -164264 - 03324 RESIDUAL FUEL OILS 5,993 31,902 17,587,659 0.11 0.03 0.34 - -25909 - 103325 LUBRICATING OILS,GREASES 1,092 32,067 3,721,835 0.02 0.03 0.34 - -30975 - 93326 MINERAL JELLY,WAX 25 2,928 313,518 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -2903 - 23329 NONCHEM COAL,PETR WASTES 295 27,625 2,705,129 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -27330 - 33411 GAS NATURAL 240 76 27,544,736 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 164 - 03412 GAS MANUFACTURED - - 8,036 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 03510 ELECTRIC ENERGY - - 2,610,475 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 04110 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - 4 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

Page 34: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 30

4111 OILS OF FISH,WHALES ETC 904 86 286,926 0.02 0.32 0.34 - 818 - 924113 ANIMAL OIL ETC,EXCL LARD 57,384 1,002 1,143,503 1.03 5.02 0.34 CA1 56382 CA2 14624210 PLANT OILS RESIDUAL - - 8,304 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 04212 SOYA BEAN OIL 210 12,893 2,233,460 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -12683 - 34213 COTTON SEED OIL - - 236,350 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 04214 GROUNDNUT,PEANUT OIL - 343 164,642 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -343 - 04215 OLIVE OIL - 390 583,088 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -390 - 04216 SUNFLOWER SEED OIL 4 4,278 942,359 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -4274 - 04217 RAPE,COLZA,MUSTARD OILS - 2,237 786,276 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2237 - 04220 SEED OIL RESIDUAL - - 5,012 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 04221 LINSEED OIL 1 991 138,130 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -990 - 04222 PALM OIL - 4,399 2,477,498 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -4399 - 04223 COCONUT (COPRA) OIL - 3,521 696,708 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3521 - 04224 PALM KERNEL OIL - 1 327,197 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1 - 04225 CASTOR OIL - 206 83,341 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -206 - 04229 FIXED VEGETABLE OIL NES 771 1,723 495,183 0.01 0.16 0.34 - -952 - 454310 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - 39,104 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 04311 PROCESD ANML,VEG OIL NES 31 605 63,867 0.00 0.05 0.34 - -574 - 144312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 14 1,491 561,190 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1477 - 14313 FATTY ACIDS ETC 51 1,255 707,215 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1204 - 24314 ANIMAL,VEGETABLE WAXES 271 50 36,695 0.00 0.74 0.34 CA1 221 CA2 2155120 ORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 148,690 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

5121 HYDROCARBONS ETC 34 12,631 9,873,082 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -12597 - 05122 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS,ETC 25,431 10,603 4,284,566 0.46 0.59 0.34 CA1 14828 CA2 1735123 ETHERS,EPOXIDES,ACETALS 18 2,542 1,503,441 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2524 - 05124 ALDEHYDE ETC FNCT CMPNDS 19 3,835 1,134,624 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3816 - 05125 ORGANIC ACIDS,ETC 1,670 27,847 5,241,977 0.03 0.03 0.34 - -26177 - 95126 INORGANIC ESTERS,ETC 1 1,643 506,734 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1642 - 05127 NITROGEN-FNCTN

COMPOUNDS 40 22,839 6,913,796 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -22799 - 0

5128 ORG-INORG COMPOUNDS ETC 40 31,682 6,167,029 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -31642 - 05129 OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2,243 2,954 756,786 0.04 0.30 0.34 - -711 - 865130 INORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 6,326 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

5131 GASES,EXCL HALOGENS 32 1,170 126,803 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -1138 - 75132 CHEMICAL ELEMENTS NES 18 6,408 1,889,681 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -6390 - 05133 INORGANIC ACIDS ETC 333 8,830 1,404,161 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -8497 - 75134 HALGN,SULPHR CMPD NONMET 1 227 28,861 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -226 - 1

Page 35: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 31

5135 METALLIC OXIDE FOR PAINT 3 5,151 583,160 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5148 - 05136 INORGANIC BASES ETC NES 220 109,688 3,899,569 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -109468 - 25140 INORGANIC CHEM PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 239,414 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

5141 METAL CMPD OF INORG ACID 37 8,751 555,637 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -8714 - 25142 CONTINUATION OF 514.1 906 22,628 1,716,216 0.02 0.05 0.34 - -21722 - 155143 CONCLUSION OF 514.1 488 10,020 1,351,471 0.01 0.04 0.34 - -9532 - 115149 INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 49 2,635 656,782 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -2586 - 25150 RADIOACTIVE PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 432,903 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

5151 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS ETC 2 1,869 2,277,488 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1867 - 05152 STABLE ISOTOPES ETC - 5 25,620 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5 - 05153 OTH CHEMS ASSOC RADIOACT - 15 995,765 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -15 - 05210 PETROLEUM PRODS RESIDUAL - - 11 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05211 MINERAL TAR 1 1 119,660 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05214 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 80 2,189 1,710,189 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2109 - 15310 SYNT DYE,NAT INDGO,LAKES 92 13,061 2,955,186 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -12969 - 15320 DYES AND TANNING RESIDUAL - - 1,061 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05321 DYEING EXTRACTS 6 105 59,371 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -99 - 35323 SYNTHETIC TANNING PRODS 21 2,033 125,966 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -2012 - 55324 VEG TANNING EXTRACTS 30 832 104,648 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -802 - 85325 TANNIC ACID AND DERIVS - - 6 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05330 PAINT AND INK RESIDUAL - - 46,836 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05331 COLOURING MATERIAL NES 30 11,767 1,149,365 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -11737 - 15332 PRINTING INKS 753 2,071 362,896 0.01 0.21 0.34 - -1318 - 605333 PREPARD PAINT,DRIERS ETC 4,638 9,028 3,067,295 0.08 0.15 0.34 - -4390 - 445410 PHARMACEUTICALS RESIDUAL - - 937,221 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05411 VITAMINS,PROVITAMINS 418 3,495 852,062 0.01 0.05 0.34 - -3077 - 145413 ANTIBIOTICS 10 3,626 1,524,537 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3616 - 05414 VEG ALKALOIDS AND DERIVS - 734 464,843 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -734 - 05415 HORMONES 3 1,618 613,582 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1615 - 05416 GLYCOSIDES,GLANDS,SERA 10,758 6,233 1,110,994 0.19 0.97 0.34 CA1 4525 CA2 2825417 MEDICAMENTS 9,687 86,999 9,350,026 0.17 0.10 0.34 - -77312 - 305419 PHARMACEUTICAL GOODS 2,756 8,211 1,009,954 0.05 0.27 0.34 - -5455 - 805511 ESSENTIAL OILS,RESINOIDS 52 1,433 514,874 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1381 - 35512 SYNTH PERFUME FLAVOR PRD 437 7,346 1,113,004 0.01 0.04 0.34 - -6909 - 115530 PERFUME,COSMETICS,ETC 18,915 7,233 2,985,609 0.34 0.63 0.34 CA1 11682 CA2 1855540 HOUSEHOLD CLEANING

RESIDUAL - - 33,162 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

Page 36: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 32

5541 SOAPS 3,784 523 421,887 0.07 0.90 0.34 CA1 3261 CA2 2615542 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 1,581 12,894 2,157,706 0.03 0.07 0.34 - -11313 - 215543 POLISHES ETC 229 339 254,119 0.00 0.09 0.34 - -110 - 265610 FERTILIZER RESIDUAL - - 1,349,222 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05611 CHEM NITROGENOUS FERTLZR 4,937 8,592 2,280,367 0.09 0.22 0.34 - -3655 - 635612 CHEM PHOSPHATIC FERTILZR 52 6,868 611,734 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -6816 - 25613 CHEM POTASSIC FERTILIZER 22 17,647 1,161,320 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -17625 - 15619 FERTILIZERS NES 385 11,304 2,532,437 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -10919 - 45711 PREPARED EXPLOSIVES 339 1,337 301,939 0.01 0.11 0.34 - -998 - 335712 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 5 606 92,067 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -601 - 25713 PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS 11 597 267,520 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -586 - 15714 HUNTIN,SPORTIN AMMUNITN 78 1,402 316,807 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -1324 - 75810 PLASTIC MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - 480,762 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 05811 PROD OF CONDENSATION ETC 3,820 40,406 8,148,996 0.07 0.05 0.34 - -36586 - 145812 PROD OF POLYMERIZING ETC 12,696 167,004 18,140,213 0.23 0.07 0.34 - -154308 - 205813 CELLULOSE DERIVATIVS ETC 125 12,257 1,401,005 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -12132 - 35819 PLASTIC MATERIALS NES 219 4,766 739,354 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -4547 - 95990 CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS

RESIDUAL - - 24,182 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

5992 PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 2,884 16,209 4,582,040 0.05 0.06 0.34 - -13325 - 185995 STARCH,INULIN,GLUTEN,ETC 143,294 6,141 1,778,375 2.57 8.06 0.34 CA1 137153 CA2 23485996 CHEMICLS FROM WOOD,RESIN 1,375 1,111 334,223 0.02 0.41 0.34 CA1 264 CA2 1205997 ORGANIC CHEM PRODS NES 904 20,768 2,749,524 0.02 0.03 0.34 - -19864 - 105999 CHEM PRODS,PREPS NES 1,874 28,195 6,973,470 0.03 0.03 0.34 - -26321 - 86112 LEATHER ARTIFIC,RECONST 1 330 41,210 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -329 - 16113 CALF LEATHER 8 423 390,425 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -415 - 16114 LEATHR BOVINE NES,EQUINE 41,353 1,518 2,306,845 0.74 1.79 0.34 CA1 39835 CA2 5226119 LEATHER NES 19,342 3,125 1,351,233 0.35 1.43 0.34 CA1 16217 CA2 4176121 LEATHER BELTING ETC 12 131 33,157 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -119 - 116122 HARNESS-MAKERS GOODS 506 539 68,106 0.01 0.74 0.34 CA1 -33 CA2 2166123 PREPD PARTS OF FOOTWEAR 679 1,975 964,394 0.01 0.07 0.34 - -1296 - 216129 LEATHER MANUFACTURES NES 206 77 146,886 0.00 0.14 0.34 - 129 - 416130 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 5,564 2,187 989,957 0.10 0.56 0.34 CA1 3377 CA2 1646210 MATERIALS OF RUBBER 1,581 15,231 1,724,478 0.03 0.09 0.34 - -13650 - 276290 RUBBER RESIDUAL - - 521,682 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06291 RUBBER TYRES,TUBES 2,228 28,033 6,875,962 0.04 0.03 0.34 - -25805 - 96293 HYGIENIC UNHRDND RUBBER 207 675 204,457 0.00 0.10 0.34 - -468 - 296294 RUBBER BELTING 79 3,134 532,616 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -3055 - 46299 OTH RUBBER ARTICLES NES 2,081 10,534 1,456,249 0.04 0.14 0.34 - -8453 - 42

Page 37: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 33

6311 VENEER SHEETS 1,161 2,727 668,596 0.02 0.17 0.34 - -1566 - 516312 PLYWOOD 7,381 1,672 2,082,899 0.13 0.35 0.34 CA1 5709 CA2 1036314 IMPROVED,RECONSTIT WOOD 4,083 48 997,268 0.07 0.41 0.34 CA1 4035 CA2 1196318 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED NES 33,796 287 738,315 0.61 4.58 0.34 CA1 33509 CA2 13346321 BOXES,CASES,CRATES 930 3 166,010 0.02 0.56 0.34 CA1 927 CA2 1636322 COOPERAGE PRODUCTS 29 321 32,439 0.00 0.09 0.34 - -292 - 266324 BUILDERS

WOODWRK,PREFABS 6,835 231 1,149,922 0.12 0.59 0.34 CA1 6604 CA2 173

6327 WOOD MFRS,DOMESTIC ETC 1,220 630 353,195 0.02 0.35 0.34 CA1 590 CA2 1016328 OTHER WOOD MANUFACTURES 1,465 2,023 854,353 0.03 0.17 0.34 - -558 - 506330 CORK MANUFACTURES 2,748 2,709 263,134 0.05 1.04 0.34 CA1 39 CA2 3046410 PAPER PRODS RESIDUAL - - 5,898 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06411 NEWSPRINT PAPER 17,683 14,715 5,772,423 0.32 0.31 0.34 - 2968 - 896412 OTHER PRINTING PAPER NES 3,244 65,121 6,413,456 0.06 0.05 0.34 - -61877 - 156413 KRAFT PAPER,PAPERBOARD 24,561 2,378 2,511,898 0.44 0.98 0.34 CA1 22183 CA2 2856414 CIGARETTE PAPER IN BULK - - 31 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06415 PAPER ETC IN BULK NES 10,530 3,356 2,178,403 0.19 0.48 0.34 CA1 7174 CA2 1416416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 6,140 1 302,892 0.11 2.03 0.34 CA1 6139 CA2 5916417 HAND-MADE PAPERS - - 673 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06419 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 4,242 19,968 4,782,527 0.08 0.09 0.34 - -15726 - 266421 PAPER ETC CONTAINERS 8,087 1,291 1,836,185 0.15 0.44 0.34 CA1 6796 CA2 1286422 CORRESPONDENCE

STATIONRY 1,468 218 151,175 0.03 0.97 0.34 CA1 1250 CA2 283

6423 EXERCISE BOOKS ETC 3,433 941 514,448 0.06 0.67 0.34 CA1 2492 CA2 1946429 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 4,308 7,392 3,245,373 0.08 0.13 0.34 - -3084 - 396510 YARN RESIDUAL - - 53,974 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06511 SILK YARN AND THREAD 18 73 132,206 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -55 - 46512 YARN OF WOOL,ANIMAL HAIR 45,906 4,337 1,413,082 0.82 3.25 0.34 CA1 41569 CA2 9476513 GREY COTTON YARN IN BULK - 11,916 2,299,752 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -11916 - 06514 COTTON YARN,BLCHD,DYED - 1,295 194,026 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1295 - 06515 FLAX,RAMIE,TRU HEMP YARN - 603 190,310 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -603 - 06516 YARN OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES 836 45,474 5,950,165 0.02 0.01 0.34 - -44638 - 46517 REGENERATED FIBRE YARN 183 1,280 1,158,011 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -1097 - 56518 YARN OF GLASS FIBRE 64 2,925 346,665 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -2861 - 56519 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 18 1,471 166,909 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1453 - 36520 COTTON FABRICS RESIDUAL - - 165,433 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06521 GREY WOVEN COTTON FABRIC 140 1,419 1,382,264 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1279 - 36522 WOVEN COTTON BLCHD,ETC 120 65,551 5,002,617 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -65431 - 16530 OTHER FABRICS RESIDUAL - - 71,836 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

Page 38: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 34

6531 SILK FABRICS WOVEN 2 1,642 612,721 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1640 - 06532 WOVEN WOOL FABRICS 2,989 4,024 1,811,126 0.05 0.17 0.34 - -1035 - 486533 LINEN,RAMIE,TR HEMP FABS 12 1,104 223,831 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1092 - 26534 JUTE FABRICS,WOVEN - 7,762 321,771 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7762 - 06535 WOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRICS 1,845 71,786 7,558,053 0.03 0.02 0.34 - -69941 - 76536 WOVEN REGENERATED FABS 78 6,892 1,480,586 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -6814 - 26537 KNIT ETC FABRIC NONELAST 1,457 20,915 1,761,284 0.03 0.08 0.34 - -19458 - 246538 GLASS FIBRE WOVEN FABRIC 114 3,466 232,285 0.00 0.05 0.34 - -3352 - 146539 WOVEN FABRICS NES 28 491 84,336 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -463 - 106540 LACE,RIBBONS,TULLE,ETC 1,731 3,813 1,012,030 0.03 0.17 0.34 - -2082 - 506551 FELT AND ARTICLES NES 308 1,039 438,143 0.01 0.07 0.34 - -731 - 206554 COATED ETC TEXTILES NES 799 31,748 2,349,288 0.01 0.03 0.34 - -30949 - 106555 ELASTIC FAB ETC NOT KNIT 174 479 93,770 0.00 0.19 0.34 - -305 - 546556 CORDAGE AND

MANUFACTURES 1,961 2,310 551,472 0.04 0.36 0.34 CA1 -349 - 104

6557 HAT BODIES - 419 10,137 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -419 - 06558 TEXTILES FOR MACHINERY 171 10,189 856,922 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -10018 - 66559 SPECL TEXTILE PRODS NES 36 1,295 98,740 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -1259 - 116560 TEXTILE PRODS RESIDUAL - - 4,340 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06561 BAGS,SACKS OF TEXTILES 77 8,108 577,058 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -8031 - 46562 MADE-UP CANVAS GOODS 3,914 148 331,548 0.07 1.18 0.34 CA1 3766 CA2 3446566 BLANKETS,COVERLETS ETC 7,015 78 250,063 0.13 2.81 0.34 CA1 6937 CA2 8176569 OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS 6,808 13,005 1,991,136 0.12 0.34 0.34 - -6197 - 1006570 FLOOR COVERINGS RES - - 35,509 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06574 LINOLEUM ETC 18 113 148,970 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -95 - 46575 CARPETS ETC KNOTTED 1,090 1,295 631,784 0.02 0.17 0.34 - -205 - 506576 CARPETS ETC UNKNOTTED 52,583 7,291 2,334,613 0.94 2.25 0.34 CA1 45292 CA2 6566577 TAPESTRIES 4 35 117,991 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -31 - 16578 MATS,SCREENS,ETC PLAITED 9 579 65,045 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -570 - 46610 BUILDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - 22,881 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06611 LIME 56 10 100,604 0.00 0.06 0.34 - 46 - 166612 CEMENT 7,780 1,112 1,814,941 0.14 0.43 0.34 CA1 6668 CA2 1256613 BUILDING STONE ETC WORKD 62 1,056 1,122,534 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -994 - 26618 MNRL BLDG PRD UNFIRD NES 1,088 904 451,997 0.02 0.24 0.34 - 184 - 706623 REFRACTORY BUILDING PROD 174 6,814 1,224,050 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -6640 - 46624 BRICK ETC NONREFRACTORY 321 2,378 1,933,548 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -2057 - 56630 MINERAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 79,179 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06631 GRINDING STONES ETC 69 2,528 473,969 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -2459 - 46632 ABRASIVE CLOTHS ETC 312 2,198 411,096 0.01 0.08 0.34 - -1886 - 22

Page 39: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 35

6634 WORKED MICA ETC - 243 48,423 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -243 - 06635 MINRL INSULATNG PROD NES 174 3,535 411,666 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -3361 - 126636 MINRL MFS NES NONCERAMIC 2,829 572 1,119,495 0.05 0.25 0.34 - 2257 - 746637 REFRACTORY WARE NONBLDG 42 1,616 326,981 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1574 - 46638 ASBESTOS,FRICTION PRODS 40 3,346 577,734 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -3306 - 26639 CERAMIC ARTICLES NES 42 570 361,420 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -528 - 36641 GLASS NONOPTICAL,PLAIN - 589 243,557 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -589 - 06642 OPTICAL GLASS UNWRKD ETC - 115 169,316 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -115 - 06643 DRAWN,BLOWN GLASS

UNWRKD 3,207 59 141,970 0.06 2.26 0.34 CA1 3148 CA2 658

6644 GLASS SURFACE-GROUND ETC 94 13,021 741,166 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -12927 - 46645 CAST,ROLLED GLASS UNWRKD 117 2,428 74,397 0.00 0.16 0.34 - -2311 - 466646 GLASS CONSTRUCTION PRODS 40 85 42,008 0.00 0.10 0.34 - -45 - 286647 SAFETY GLASS 1,205 5,997 667,565 0.02 0.18 0.34 - -4792 - 536648 SHEET GLASS METAL-COATED 336 1,556 340,097 0.01 0.10 0.34 - -1220 - 296649 GLASS NES 1,199 7,020 1,274,987 0.02 0.09 0.34 - -5821 - 276651 BOTTLES ETC OF GLASS 4,972 1,945 885,563 0.09 0.56 0.34 CA1 3027 CA2 1646652 HOUSEHLD,HOTEL ETC GLASS 2,011 10,493 1,419,484 0.04 0.14 0.34 - -8482 - 416658 GLASS ARTICLES NES 135 2,221 570,609 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -2086 - 76660 ORNAMENTS RESIDUAL - - 28,780 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06664 PORCELN,CHINA HOUSE WARE 35 4,590 679,104 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -4555 - 26665 COARSE CERAMIC

HOUSEWARE 1,882 1,533 582,052 0.03 0.32 0.34 - 349 - 94

6666 CERAMIC ORNAMENTS ETC 44 2,654 560,741 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -2610 - 26671 PEARLS UNSET,UNSTRUNG - 307 140,910 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -307 - 06672 DIAMONDS NONINDUST,UNSET - 3,045 9,171,085 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3045 - 06673 PREC-,SEMI-PR STONES NES 87 1,840 807,200 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1753 - 36674 SYNTH PREC-,SEMI-P STONE - 201 135,084 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -201 - 06710 FERRO-ALLOYS RESIDUAL - - 101,703 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06711 SPIEGELEISEN - - 34 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06712 PIG IRON,INCL CAST IRON - 212 706,812 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -212 - 06713 IRON,STL POWDER,SHOT,ETC - 434 274,996 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -434 - 06714 FERRO-MANGANESE - 260 275,289 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -260 - 06715 OTHER FERRO-ALLOYS - 1,992 1,981,483 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1992 - 06720 IRONS AND STEEL PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 11,326 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

6721 IRN,STL BLOCKS,LUMPS,ETC - - 2,167 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06723 INGOTS OF IRON OR STEEL - 4 152,805 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -4 - 06725 IRN,STL BLOOMS,SLABS,ETC 5,542 480 2,926,325 0.10 0.19 0.34 - 5062 - 55

Page 40: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 36

6727 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 2 - 4,288,244 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 2 - 06731 IRON,STEEL WIRE ROD 5,287 6,617 2,761,848 0.09 0.19 0.34 - -1330 - 566732 IRON,STEEL BARS ETC 3,509 19,977 6,585,973 0.06 0.05 0.34 - -16468 - 166734 IRN,STL BIG SECTIONS ETC 479 17,604 3,038,616 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -17125 - 56735 IRN,STL SMALL SECTNS ETC 4 150 105,848 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -146 - 16740 IRON AND STEEL PLATES

RESIDUAL - - 269,939 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

6741 IRN,STL HEAVY PLATE ETC 175 17,749 3,354,539 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -17574 - 26742 IRN,STL MEDIUM PLATE ETC 7 10,301 921,213 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -10294 - 06743 IRN,STL THIN UNCOATED 25,837 83,909 7,724,192 0.46 0.33 0.34 - -58072 - 976747 TINNED PLATES,SHEETS - 26,491 1,627,710 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -26491 - 06748 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 212 19,315 4,477,560 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -19103 - 16750 IRON,STEEL HOOP,STRIP 87 14,612 2,428,287 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -14525 - 16761 RAILWAY RAILS IRN,STL - 1,814 444,815 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1814 - 06762 RY TRACK EQU NES IRN,STL - 2,138 178,121 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2138 - 06770 IRN,STL WIRE EXCL W ROD 4,815 15,574 1,603,310 0.09 0.30 0.34 - -10759 - 876780 METAL PIPES RESIDUAL - - 14,694 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06781 CAST IRON TUBES,PIPES 14 91 392,525 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -77 - 16782 IRN,STL TUBE SEAMLES NES 404 11,016 6,008,095 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -10612 - 26783 IRON,STL TUBE,PIPE NES 2,138 14,544 4,617,841 0.04 0.05 0.34 - -12406 - 136784 STL HIGHPRESSURE CONDUIT 4 2 887,965 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 2 - 06785 IRON,STEEL TUBE FITTINGS 3,246 10,719 1,723,880 0.06 0.19 0.34 - -7473 - 556790 CASTINGS RESIDUAL - - 35,959 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06791 IRON CASTINGS ROUGH 29 9 331,668 0.00 0.01 0.34 - 20 - 36792 STEEL CASTINGS ROUGH 238 85 137,253 0.00 0.17 0.34 - 153 - 516793 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 50 105 296,673 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -55 - 56811 SILVER UNWKD,PARTLY WRKD 748 1,758 1,819,409 0.01 0.04 0.34 - -1010 - 126812 METALS OF PLATINUM GROUP - 715 1,154,787 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -715 - 06821 COPPER,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 44 3,834 3,814,362 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3790 - 06822 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 7,148 37,588 4,599,766 0.13 0.16 0.34 - -30440 - 456831 NICKEL,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 576 1,059,166 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -576 - 06832 NICKEL,ALLOYS WORKED - 1,250 564,859 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1250 - 06841 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS,UNWRGHT 243,605 1,622 6,777,945 4.37 3.59 0.34 CA1 241983 CA2 10476842 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 15,957 15,439 6,494,143 0.29 0.25 0.34 - 518 - 726851 LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 9 2,617 641,779 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2608 - 06852 LEAD,ALLOYS WORKED 107 175 70,145 0.00 0.15 0.34 - -68 - 446861 ZINC,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 20,198 1,730,446 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -20198 - 06862 ZINC,ALLOYS WORKED 8 918 198,447 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -910 - 16871 TIN,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 1,816 1,850,343 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1816 - 0

Page 41: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 37

6872 TIN,ALLOYS WORKED 209 414 216,467 0.00 0.10 0.34 - -205 - 286880 URANIUM,THORIUM,ALLOYS - - 1,020 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06890 BASE METALS RESIDUAL - - 31,519 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06893 MAGNESIUM,BERYLLIUM - 822 377,191 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -822 - 06894 TUNGSTEN,MOLYBD,TANTALUM - 598 299,056 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -598 - 06895 BASE METALS NES - 516 933,910 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -516 - 06910 STRUCTURES RESIDUAL - - 8 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06911 STRUCTURES,PARTS IRN,STL 6,081 3,617 4,914,163 0.11 0.12 0.34 - 2464 - 366912 STRUCTURES,PARTS ALUMNM 5,730 459 969,657 0.10 0.59 0.34 CA1 5271 CA2 1726921 MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 552 85 471,508 0.01 0.12 0.34 - 467 - 346922 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 1,616 4,091 1,239,808 0.03 0.13 0.34 - -2475 - 386923 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS 62 7,659 359,004 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -7597 - 56931 WIRE ROPES ETC 967 4,596 1,235,124 0.02 0.08 0.34 - -3629 - 236932 IRON,STEEL FENCING WIRE 58 8 74,063 0.00 0.08 0.34 - 50 - 236933 WIRE FENCING,GAUZE,ETC 1,341 2,672 642,386 0.02 0.21 0.34 - -1331 - 616934 EXPANDED METAL - - 152 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06940 FASTENERS RESIDUAL - - 208,477 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06941 STL,COPPER NAILS ETC 2,167 2,211 372,476 0.04 0.58 0.34 CA1 -44 - 1706942 STL,COPPR NUTS,BOLTS,ETC 1,967 10,747 2,070,907 0.04 0.09 0.34 - -8780 - 286950 TOOLS RESIDUAL - - 3,620 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06951 HAND TOOLS,AGRIC FOREST 276 1,753 153,329 0.00 0.18 0.34 - -1477 - 526952 TOOLS NES 10,527 32,935 5,420,777 0.19 0.19 0.34 - -22408 - 576960 CUTLERY 1,968 8,511 1,234,117 0.04 0.16 0.34 - -6543 - 466971 DOMESTC STOVES,OVENS,ETC 22,135 3,273 744,058 0.40 2.97 0.34 CA1 18862 CA2 8676972 BASE MTL DOMESTC UTENSLS 3,212 2,411 1,170,542 0.06 0.27 0.34 - 801 - 806979 BASE MTL HOUSE EQUIP NES 81 783 267,700 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -702 - 96980 BASE METAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 3 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 06981 LOCKSMITHS WARES 5,418 13,253 2,373,712 0.10 0.23 0.34 - -7835 - 676982 BASE METAL SAFES ETC 423 266 110,807 0.01 0.38 0.34 CA1 157 CA2 1116983 IRON,STL CHAIN AND PARTS 204 6,532 608,591 0.00 0.03 0.34 - -6328 - 106984 IRON,STEEL ANCHORS,PARTS 11 57 27,004 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -46 - 126985 PINS,ETC HOOKS,EYES,ETC 795 3,629 354,167 0.01 0.22 0.34 - -2834 - 656986 SPRINGS AND LEAVES 275 1,808 480,661 0.00 0.06 0.34 - -1533 - 176988 MISC BASE METAL PRODUCTS 820 3,165 1,033,260 0.01 0.08 0.34 - -2345 - 236989 OTH BASE MTL MANUFACTURS 22,494 17,440 4,425,117 0.40 0.51 0.34 CA1 5054 CA2 1487110 ENGINES RESIDUAL - - 124,067 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07111 STEAM BOILERS 305 77 966,864 0.01 0.03 0.34 - 228 - 97112 BOILER HOUSE PLANT NES 15 390 287,079 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -375 - 2

Page 42: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 38

7113 STEAM ENGINES,TURBINES 3 2,503 1,269,404 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -2500 - 07114 AIRCRAFT ENGINES INC JET 64 5,401 6,218,774 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5337 - 07115 PISTON ENGINES NON-AIR 922 43,889 17,382,933 0.02 0.01 0.34 - -42967 - 27116 GAS TURBINES NON-AIRCRFT 441 18,947 3,443,256 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -18506 - 47117 NUCLEAR REACTORS - 1 1,242,755 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1 - 07118 ENGINES NES 1,452 4,965 795,075 0.03 0.18 0.34 - -3513 - 537120 AG MACHINERY RESIDUAL - - 141,039 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07121 CULTIVATING MACHINERY 3,666 2,615 944,077 0.07 0.39 0.34 CA1 1051 CA2 1137122 HARVESTING ETC MACHINES 8,270 13,559 2,657,623 0.15 0.31 0.34 - -5289 - 917123 DAIRY-FARM EQUIPMENT 6,235 2,109 303,394 0.11 2.06 0.34 CA1 4126 CA2 5997125 TRACTORS NON-ROAD 295 49,506 4,085,274 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -49211 - 27129 AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 1,452 2,536 515,508 0.03 0.28 0.34 - -1084 - 827140 OFFICE MACHINES RESIDUAL - - 1,361,590 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07141 TYPEWRITERS,CHEQUE-

WRTRS - 8,595 1,427,406 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -8595 - 0

7142 ACCTING MACHS,COMPUTERS 7 8,035 1,470,661 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -8028 - 07143 STATISTICAL MACHINES 584 172,580 24,138,551 0.01 0.00 0.34 - -171996 - 17149 OFFICE MACHINES NES 1,131 40,251 19,311,004 0.02 0.01 0.34 - -39120 - 27150 METALWORKING MACH

RESIDUAL - - 28 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

7151 MACHINE TOOLS FOR METAL 4,496 21,503 7,712,062 0.08 0.06 0.34 - -17007 - 177152 METALWORKING MACHNRY

NES 239 54,859 1,558,768 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -54620 - 4

7171 TEXTILE MACHINERY 2,657 27,516 6,757,612 0.05 0.04 0.34 - -24859 - 117172 SKIN,LEATHER WORKNG MACH 67 2,145 367,328 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -2078 - 57173 SEWING MACHINES 90 12,064 1,408,796 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -11974 - 27181 PAPER ETC MILL MACHINERY 473 18,918 2,482,516 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -18445 - 67182 PRINTING,BINDING MACHNRY 490 33,746 3,840,993 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -33256 - 47183 FOOD MACHRY NON-DOMESTIC 2,269 10,671 1,936,446 0.04 0.12 0.34 - -8402 - 347184 CONST,MINING MACHNRY NES 1,820 49,240 12,378,374 0.03 0.01 0.34 - -47420 - 47185 CRUSHING ETC,GLASS MACH 4,222 5,795 2,186,388 0.08 0.19 0.34 - -1573 - 567190 MACHINE PARTS RES - - 201,088 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07191 HEATING,COOLING,EQUIPMNT 11,738 23,548 9,244,215 0.21 0.13 0.34 - -11810 - 377192 PUMPS,CENTRIFUGES 9,624 70,429 12,720,037 0.17 0.08 0.34 - -60805 - 227193 MECHANICAL HANDLING EQU 13,721 42,829 8,942,023 0.25 0.15 0.34 - -29108 - 457194 DOMESTIC APPLI NONELECTR 133 1,814 277,700 0.00 0.05 0.34 - -1681 - 147195 POWERED-TOOLS NES 2,075 25,991 5,083,685 0.04 0.04 0.34 - -23916 - 127196 NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 4,385 29,850 5,994,933 0.08 0.07 0.34 - -25465 - 217197 BALL,ROLLER,ETC BEARINGS 78 14,663 3,175,971 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -14585 - 1

Page 43: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 39

7198 OTH MACHINES NONELECTRIC 8,661 54,932 11,733,864 0.16 0.07 0.34 - -46271 - 227199 MACHINE PARTS,ACCESR NES 13,254 78,458 11,563,502 0.24 0.11 0.34 - -65204 - 337220 ELECTRIC MACHY RESIDUAL - - 477,844 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07221 ELECTRIC POWER MACHINERY 2,353 44,214 9,150,033 0.04 0.03 0.34 - -41861 - 77222 SWITCHGEAR ETC 13,318 57,048 14,479,523 0.24 0.09 0.34 - -43730 - 277231 INSULATED WIRE,CABLE 3,278 12,598 4,979,375 0.06 0.07 0.34 - -9320 - 197232 ELECTRC INSULATING EQUIP 2,097 2,356 647,180 0.04 0.32 0.34 - -259 - 947240 TELECOMMS EQUIP RESIDUAL - - 149,256 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07241 TELEVISION RECEIVERS 819 2,421 5,822,681 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -1602 - 47242 RADIO BROADCAST RECEIVRS 13 7,859 5,487,884 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7846 - 07249 TELECOMM EQUIPMENT NES 13,992 144,919 22,060,387 0.25 0.06 0.34 - -130927 - 187250 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC EQUIP 31,216 38,551 8,455,769 0.56 0.37 0.34 CA1 -7335 - 1087261 ELECTRO-MEDICAL EQUIPMNT 905 5,763 1,810,207 0.02 0.05 0.34 - -4858 - 157262 X-RAY APPARATUS 47 3,883 2,016,945 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -3836 - 17290 ELECTRICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 586,983 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07291 BATTERIES,ACCUMULATORS 1,741 7,757 2,387,786 0.03 0.07 0.34 - -6016 - 217292 ELECTRIC LAMPS,BULBS 763 7,241 1,558,200 0.01 0.05 0.34 - -6478 - 147293 TRANSISTORS,VALVES,ETC 101 29,756 20,513,305 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -29655 - 07294 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTR EQUIP 1,144 13,296 2,921,444 0.02 0.04 0.34 - -12152 - 117295 ELEC MEASURNG,CONTRL EQU 5,339 47,211 11,869,256 0.10 0.04 0.34 - -41872 - 137296 ELECTRO-MECH HAND TOOLS 857 10,007 1,286,136 0.02 0.07 0.34 - -9150 - 197297 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 295 68 53,251 0.01 0.55 0.34 CA1 227 CA2 1617299 OTH ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 8,716 39,294 9,541,403 0.16 0.09 0.34 - -30578 - 277310 LOCOMOTIVES RESIDUAL - - 258,097 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07311 STEAM LOCOMOTIVES,ETC - - 20 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07312 ELEC LOCOS NON-SELF-GEN - - 18,449 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07313 LOCOS NOT STEAM,NOT ELEC - - 200,481 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07314 MECHAN-PROPELLED RY CARS - 6 269,639 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -6 - 07315 PASSENGER CARS NOT

POWRD - - 187,430 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

7316 FREIGHT CARS NOT POWERED 1,996 119 1,048,682 0.04 0.19 0.34 - 1877 - 557317 RY LOCOMTV,CAR PARTS NES 71 3,506 880,561 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -3435 - 27320 MOTORIZED TRANSPORT

RESIDUAL - - 1,374 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

7321 PASS MOTOR VEH EXC BUSES 181 344,492 82,542,843 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -344311 - 07322 BUSES 75 1,104 1,510,670 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1029 - 17323 LORRIES,TRUCKS 40 129,782 20,948,137 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -129742 - 07324 SPECIAL MOTOR VEHCLS NES 925 2,831 1,626,012 0.02 0.06 0.34 - -1906 - 177325 TRACTORS FOR TR-TRAILERS 2 620 1,144,710 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -618 - 0

Page 44: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 40

7327 LORRY,TRUCK,BUS CHASSIS 6 4,712 946,247 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -4706 - 07328 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS NES 12,473 79,714 40,633,990 0.22 0.03 0.34 - -67241 - 97329 MOTORCYCLES ETC,PARTS 149 14,940 2,505,772 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -14791 - 27330 NON-MOTORIZED TRANS

RESIDUAL - - 22,264 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

7331 BICYCLES NON-MOTOR,PARTS 352 8,048 1,771,066 0.01 0.02 0.34 - -7696 - 67333 VEH NES NONMOTR,TRAILERS 2,080 3,336 1,600,801 0.04 0.13 0.34 - -1256 - 387334 INVALID CARRIAGES MOTRZD 401 212 57,996 0.01 0.69 0.34 CA1 189 CA2 2017340 AIRCRAFT RESIDUAL - - 8,580,411 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07341 AIRCRFT HEAVIER THAN AIR 16 75,534 9,528,015 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -75518 - 07349 AIRCRAFT PARTS,ETC 999 13,042 9,924,514 0.02 0.01 0.34 - -12043 - 37350 SHIPS AND BOATS RESIDUAL - - 260,092 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07351 WARSHIPS - - 49,807 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07353 SHIPS AND BOATS NON-WAR 13,131 20,872 16,440,760 0.24 0.08 0.34 - -7741 - 237358 VESSELS FOR BREAKING UP - - 178,380 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 07359 SHIPS AND BOATS NES 150 3,188 1,971,394 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -3038 - 28121 CENTRAL HEATING EQUIPMNT 125 247 764,636 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -122 - 58122 CERAMIC PLUMBNG FIXTURES 44 384 402,438 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -340 - 38123 IRON,STL PLUMBNG FIXTRS 1,405 320 302,663 0.03 0.46 0.34 CA1 1085 CA2 1358124 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 1,494 4,609 1,852,867 0.03 0.08 0.34 - -3115 - 238210 FURNITURE 30,830 11,678 10,296,790 0.55 0.30 0.34 - 19152 - 878310 TRAVEL GOODS,HANDBAGS 1,541 2,210 2,167,801 0.03 0.07 0.34 - -669 - 218410 CLOTHING RESIDUAL - - 46,851 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 08411 TEXTILE CLOTHES NOT KNIT 10,855 9,564 19,352,697 0.19 0.06 0.34 - 1291 - 168412 TXTL CLTHG ACSRY NONKNIT 968 1,250 1,421,193 0.02 0.07 0.34 - -282 - 208413 LEATHER CLOTHES,ACCESRYS 3,814 753 2,002,809 0.07 0.19 0.34 - 3061 - 558414 CLOTHING,ACCESSORYS KNIT 11,128 17,354 12,895,695 0.20 0.09 0.34 - -6226 - 258415 HEADGEAR 1,117 1,311 397,336 0.02 0.28 0.34 - -194 - 828416 RUBBER CLTHG INCL GLOVES 1,100 688 252,688 0.02 0.44 0.34 CA1 412 CA2 1278420 FUR ETC CLOTHES,PROD 12,182 257 1,096,761 0.22 1.11 0.34 CA1 11925 CA2 3248510 FOOTWEAR 5,343 11,512 10,937,361 0.10 0.05 0.34 - -6169 - 148610 OPTICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 4,054 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 08611 OPTICAL ELEMENTS 78 6,274 1,297,035 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -6196 - 28612 SPECTACLES AND FRAMES 1,128 4,705 887,236 0.02 0.13 0.34 - -3577 - 378613 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 67 3,380 1,333,707 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -3313 - 18614 CAMERAS STILL,FLASH APP 5 8,745 2,312,614 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -8740 - 08615 CINEMA CAMERAS,PROJ,ETC - 506 119,656 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -506 - 08616 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIP NES 51 25,343 5,391,000 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -25292 - 08617 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 3,946 17,462 3,262,254 0.07 0.12 0.34 - -13516 - 35

Page 45: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 41

8618 METERS,COUNTERSNONELECT

351 7,536 324,319 0.01 0.11 0.34 - -7185 - 32

8619 MEASURNG,CONTROLNGINSTR

4,250 43,321 5,385,230 0.08 0.08 0.34 - -39071 - 23

8620 PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODSRESIDUAL

- - 583 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

8623 CHEM PHOTO GOODS,RETAIL 50 5,603 830,880 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -5553 - 28624 PHOTO FILM EXC DEV CINMA 624 32,940 5,722,815 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -32316 - 38630 DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 19 1,765 197,174 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1746 - 38640 WATCHES AND CLOCKS

RESIDUAL - - 5,072 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

8641 WATCHES,MOVEMENTS,CASES 15 5,641 4,593,424 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5626 - 08642 CLOCKS,CLOCK PARTS 47 7,060 1,499,937 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -7013 - 18910 RECORDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - 7,275 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 08911 SND

RECRDRS,PHONOGR,PRTS 50 35,888 12,609,937 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -35838 - 0

8912 SOUND RECRDNG TAPE,DISCS 2,739 18,469 5,294,977 0.05 0.05 0.34 - -15730 - 158914 STRINGED MUSICAL INSTR 9 1,613 301,956 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -1604 - 18918 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 28 5,407 804,249 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -5379 - 18919 MUSICAL INSTR PARTS NES 7 979 212,794 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -972 - 18920 BOOKS AND PERIODICALS

RESIDUAL - - 1,494 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

8921 PRINTED BOOKS,GLOBES,ETC 6,606 64,174 3,457,480 0.12 0.19 0.34 - -57568 - 568922 NEWSPAPERS,PERIODICALS 2,197 26,598 1,709,776 0.04 0.13 0.34 - -24401 - 378923 PRINTED,MANUSCRIPT MUSIC 46 535 17,917 0.00 0.26 0.34 - -489 - 758924 PICTURE POSTCARDS ETC 3,024 817 293,729 0.05 1.03 0.34 CA1 2207 CA2 3008929 PRINTED MATTER NES 18,802 10,195 2,511,766 0.34 0.75 0.34 CA1 8607 CA2 2188930 ARTICLES OF PLASTIC NES 33,179 28,431 8,092,492 0.60 0.41 0.34 CA1 4748 CA2 1198940 TOYS RESIDUAL - - 1,369 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 08941 BABY CARRIAGES ETC 74 503 70,914 0.00 0.10 0.34 - -429 - 308942 TOYS,INDOOR GAMES 5,947 13,674 4,637,770 0.11 0.13 0.34 - -7727 - 378943 NON-MILITARY ARMS 29 1,832 256,489 0.00 0.01 0.34 - -1803 - 38944 OUTDOOR SPORT GOODS NES 3,006 11,015 1,918,939 0.05 0.16 0.34 - -8009 - 468945 AMUSEMENTS ETC FOR FAIRS 25 547 150,369 0.00 0.02 0.34 - -522 - 58951 BASE MTL OFFICE SUPPLIES 213 1,132 163,682 0.00 0.13 0.34 - -919 - 388952 PENS,PENCILS,FOUNTN PENS 818 4,796 999,134 0.01 0.08 0.34 - -3978 - 248959 OTHER OFFICE SUPPLIES 463 4,589 600,886 0.01 0.08 0.34 - -4126 - 228960 WORKS OF ART ETC 1,449 21,269 2,777,224 0.03 0.05 0.34 - -19820 - 158970 JEWELLRY RESIDUAL - - 35,573 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 08971 REAL JEWELRY,GOLD,SILVER 31,806 3,774 5,524,568 0.57 0.58 0.34 CA1 28032 CA2 168

Page 46: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 42

8972 IMITATION JEWELLERY 1,682 2,080 715,855 0.03 0.23 0.34 - -398 - 688990 OTHER MANUF PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 3,604 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 0

8991 CARVED,MOULDED GOODS 118 818 179,734 0.00 0.07 0.34 - -700 - 198992 BROOMS,PLAITED PROD,ETC 2,426 2,798 581,728 0.04 0.42 0.34 CA1 -372 - 1228993 CANDLES,MATCHES,ETC 1,473 1,504 636,966 0.03 0.23 0.34 - -31 - 678994 UMBRELLAS,CANES ETC 56 685 147,282 0.00 0.04 0.34 - -629 - 118995 TOILET GOODS,SMALL WARES 826 2,564 722,285 0.01 0.11 0.34 - -1738 - 338996 HEARING,ORTHOPAEDIC AIDS 577 5,761 939,225 0.01 0.06 0.34 - -5184 - 188999 OTHER MANUF GOODS NES 885 5,403 701,211 0.02 0.13 0.34 - -4518 - 379110 MAIL NOT CLASSED BY KIND - - 1,411,060 0.00 0.00 0.34 - 0 - 09310 SPECIAL TRANSACTIONS 119,808 - 21,380,000 2.15 0.56 0.34 CA1 119808 CA2 1639410 ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 187 840 95,212 0.00 0.20 0.34 - -653 - 579510 WAR FIREARMS,AMMUNITION 387 75,204 4,470,449 0.01 0.01 0.34 - -74817 - 39610 COIN NONGOLD,NONCURRENT - 313 149,737 0.00 0.00 0.34 - -313 - 0Total TOTAL 5,569,698 5,981,731 1,622,752,251 100.00 0.34 0.34 - -412033 - 100

Page 47: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 43

APPENDIX B: 1999 EXPORT STRUCTURESummary of 1999 data

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Commoditycode

Commodity name NZ exports tothe world(US$000s)

NZ importsfrom the

world(US$000s)

'World'exports

(US$000s)

Share ofNZ's totalexports,percent

NZ exports bycommodity asa % of 'world'exports in that

commodity

NZ's totalexports asa % of total

'world'exports

Comparativeadvantage 1:

6>7

NZ's tradebalance bycommodity(US$000s)

Comparativeadvantage 2:6>7 and 9>0OR 9<0 but

6>2*7

RCA index:>100

shows arevealed

comparative

advantage

0011 BOVINE CATTLE 3,279 82 4,079,111 0.03 0.08 0.24 - 3,197 - 330012 SHEEP, LAMBS, GOATS 831 31 461,662 0.01 0.18 0.24 - 800 - 740013 SWINE 33 - 1,301,148 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 33 - 10014 LIVE POULTRY 513 - 894,621 0.00 0.06 0.24 - 513 - 240015 HORSES, ASSES, MULES 70,714 28,350 1,311,914 0.57 5.39 0.24 CA1 42,364 CA2 22230019 LIVE ANIMALS FR FOOD NES - - 6 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 00110 MEAT RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0111 BOVINE MEAT FRESH,FROZEN 631,579 4,376 14,110,259 5.10 4.48 0.24 CA1 627,203 CA2 18460112 MUTTON ETC FRSH,CHLD,FRN 819,529 3,679 2,067,639 6.61 39.64 0.24 CA1 815,850 CA2 163470113 PIG MEAT FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 232 22,329 8,965,394 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -22,097 - 10114 POULTRY FRESH CHLD,FRZN 249 4 7,601,740 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 245 - 10115 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 1,383 - 339,053 0.01 0.41 0.24 CA1 1,383 CA2 1680116 EDIBLE OFFAL FRESH,CH,FR 47,040 197 1,555,263 0.38 3.02 0.24 CA1 46,843 CA2 12470118 MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 78,594 57 664,620 0.63 11.83 0.24 CA1 78,537 CA2 48770121 PIG MEAT DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 24 54 1,499,176 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -30 - 10129 MEAT NES DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 181 23 50,278 0.00 0.36 0.24 CA1 158 CA2 1480130 MEAT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0133 MEAT EXTRACTS AND JUICES 1,787 793 99,028 0.01 1.80 0.24 CA1 994 CA2 7440134 SAUSAGES INCL TINNED 205 820 1,244,886 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -615 - 70138 MEAT PREPD,PRESVD NES 25,256 11,861 4,154,974 0.20 0.61 0.24 CA1 13,395 CA2 2510220 MILK AND CREAM RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0221 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 25,571 2,943 2,003,005 0.21 1.28 0.24 CA1 22,628 CA2 5270222 MILK AND CREAM DRY 868,958 2,716 5,817,753 7.01 14.94 0.24 CA1 866,242 CA2 61600223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 74,370 1,004 4,443,745 0.60 1.67 0.24 CA1 73,366 CA2 690

Page 48: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 44

0230 BUTTER 514,457 999 2,968,934 4.15 17.33 0.24 CA1 513,458 CA2 71470240 CHEESE AND CURD 509,752 6,576 10,385,868 4.11 4.91 0.24 CA1 503,176 CA2 20240250 EGGS 3,351 650 1,356,987 0.03 0.25 0.24 CA1 2,701 CA2 1020310 FISH RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0311 FISH FRESH,CHILLED,FROZN 461,991 5,826 19,162,879 3.73 2.41 0.24 CA1 456,165 CA2 9940312 FISH SALTED,DRIED,SMOKED 6,579 417 2,451,947 0.05 0.27 0.24 CA1 6,162 CA2 1110313 SHELL FISH FRESH,FROZEN 173,533 15,374 13,499,148 1.40 1.29 0.24 CA1 158,159 CA2 5300320 FISH ETC TINNED,PREPARED 48,231 22,701 8,794,339 0.39 0.55 0.24 CA1 25,530 CA2 2260410 WHEAT ETC UNMILLED 4 35,732 13,904,901 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -35,728 - 00420 RICE RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0421 RICE IN HUSK OR HUSKED - 164 862,404 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -164 - 00422 RICE GLAZED OR POLISHED 46 14,345 5,773,319 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -14,299 - 00430 BARLEY UNMILLED 12 8,842 2,283,572 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -8,830 - 00440 MAIZE UNMILLED 685 2,742 8,699,324 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -2,057 - 30451 RYE UNMILLED - 100 184,244 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -100 - 00452 OATS UNMILLED 47 120 246,795 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -73 - 80459 OTHER CEREALS UNMILLED 52 729 873,222 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -677 - 20460 WHEAT ETC MEAL OR FLOUR 198 2,340 1,771,308 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,142 - 50470 MEAL AND FLOUR NON-WHEAT 2,550 1,598 432,311 0.02 0.59 0.24 CA1 952 CA2 2430481 PREPD BREAKFAST FOOD ETC 3,586 19,377 1,983,444 0.03 0.18 0.24 - -15,791 - 750482 MALT INCLUDING FLOUR 1,868 1,303 1,265,368 0.02 0.15 0.24 - 565 - 610483 MACARONI,SPAGHETTI ETC 4,574 16,667 2,475,862 0.04 0.18 0.24 - -12,093 - 760484 BREAD,BISCUIT,CAKE,ETC 21,530 51,463 8,073,440 0.17 0.27 0.24 CA1 -29,933 - 1100488 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 32,732 11,525 3,985,208 0.26 0.82 0.24 CA1 21,207 CA2 3390510 FRUIT RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0511 ORANGES,TANGERINES ETC 4,425 9,143 3,261,277 0.04 0.14 0.24 - -4,718 - 560512 LEMONS,GRAPEFRUIT ETC 1,268 1,122 1,316,801 0.01 0.10 0.24 - 146 - 400513 BANANAS,PLANTAINS FRESH - 32,340 4,662,808 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -32,340 - 00514 APPLES FRESH 273,574 89 2,531,700 2.21 10.81 0.24 CA1 273,485 CA2 44570515 GRAPES FRESH 165 11,291 2,160,100 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -11,126 - 30517 NUTS EDIBLE FRESH OR DRY 393 11,647 4,317,186 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -11,254 - 40519 FRESH FRUIT NES 292,861 11,625 7,161,290 2.36 4.09 0.24 CA1 281,236 CA2 16870520 DRIED FRUIT 514 20,400 1,623,782 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -19,886 - 130530 FRUIT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0532 FRUIT PRESERVED BY SUGAR 61 597 200,972 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -536 - 130533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 8,519 2,343 804,011 0.07 1.06 0.24 CA1 6,176 CA2 4370535 FRUIT OR VEGETABLE JUICE 15,305 20,090 6,438,366 0.12 0.24 0.24 - -4,785 - 980536 FRUIT TEMPORARILY PRESVD 6,725 1,711 1,350,118 0.05 0.50 0.24 CA1 5,014 CA2 205

Page 49: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 45

0539 FRUIT NUTS NES PRESERVED 8,417 29,516 3,854,836 0.07 0.22 0.24 - -21,099 - 900540 RAW VEGETABLES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0541 POTATOES FRSH EXCL SWEET 9,737 - 1,806,003 0.08 0.54 0.24 CA1 9,737 CA2 2220542 LEGUMINOUS VEGTBLES DRY 15,109 3,829 2,380,636 0.12 0.63 0.24 CA1 11,280 CA2 2620544 TOMATOES FRESH 708 3,076 2,862,955 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -2,368 - 100545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 113,330 8,700 9,192,553 0.91 1.23 0.24 CA1 104,630 CA2 5080546 VEGETABLES SIMPLY PRESVD 51,557 15,735 6,482,830 0.42 0.80 0.24 CA1 35,822 CA2 3280548 EDIBLE VEG NES FRSH,DRY 3,033 6,734 967,155 0.02 0.31 0.24 CA1 -3,701 - 1290551 VEG DRIED EXCL LEGUMES 5,208 4,213 983,139 0.04 0.53 0.24 CA1 995 CA2 2180554 FLOUR ETC OF FRUIT,VEG 25 1,596 404,832 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,571 - 30555 VEGTBLES PRSVD,PREPD NES 10,077 14,435 4,734,290 0.08 0.21 0.24 - -4,358 - 880610 SUGAR RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0611 RAW BEET AND CANE SUGAR 10 36,367 2,866,033 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -36,357 - 00612 REFINED SUGAR ETC 6,194 8,782 4,832,383 0.05 0.13 0.24 - -2,588 - 530615 MOLASSES 67 2,566 256,239 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,499 - 110616 NATURAL HONEY 5,392 16 424,709 0.04 1.27 0.24 CA1 5,376 CA2 5240619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 20,882 6,455 966,962 0.17 2.16 0.24 CA1 14,427 CA2 8910620 SUGAR PREPS NON-CHOCLATE 5,978 21,629 3,768,030 0.05 0.16 0.24 - -15,651 - 650711 COFFEE GREEN,ROASTED,ETC 106 17,821 10,146,353 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -17,715 - 00713 COFFEE ESSENCES,EXTRACTS 331 11,875 1,791,698 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -11,544 - 80720 COCOA RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0721 COCOA BEANS RAW ROASTED - 340 2,508,740 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -340 - 00722 COCOA POWDER

UNSWEETENED 161 4,795 419,451 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -4,634 - 16

0723 COCOA BUTTER AND PASTE - 14,416 2,063,735 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -14,416 - 00730 CHOCOLATE AND PRODUCTS 36,337 30,558 6,984,728 0.29 0.52 0.24 CA1 5,779 CA2 2150740 TEA RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0741 TEA 450 12,949 2,576,530 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -12,499 - 70742 MATE - - 58,281 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 00750 SPICES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -0751 PEPPER AND PIMIENTO 49 2,083 1,286,792 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2,034 - 20752 SPICES,EXCL PEPPER,ETC 132 2,438 1,028,219 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,306 - 50811 HAY FODDER GREEN,DRY 429 39 1,116,618 0.00 0.04 0.24 - 390 - 160812 BRAN,POLLARD,SHARPS,ETC 209 202 313,763 0.00 0.07 0.24 - 7 - 270813 VEGETABLE OIL RESIDUES 50 13,363 6,877,115 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -13,313 - 00814 MEAT OR FISH MEAL FODDER 19,478 6,583 1,941,549 0.16 1.00 0.24 CA1 12,895 CA2 4140819 FOOD WASTE AND FEED NES 17,102 38,336 8,416,957 0.14 0.20 0.24 - -21,234 - 840913 PIG,POULTRY FAT RENDERED - 100 191,144 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -100 - 00914 MARGARINE,EDIBLE FAT NES 2,309 14,760 1,572,654 0.02 0.15 0.24 - -12,451 - 61

Page 50: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 46

0990 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 104,455 129,163 14,668,011 0.84 0.71 0.24 CA1 -24,708 CA2 2941110 NON-ALC BEVERAGES NES 12,055 14,185 5,025,843 0.10 0.24 0.24 - -2,130 - 991120 ALCOHOL RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -1121 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 77,334 69,434 14,658,966 0.62 0.53 0.24 CA1 7,900 CA2 2181122 CIDER ETC 1,209 436 285,440 0.01 0.42 0.24 CA1 773 CA2 1751123 BEER,ALE,STOUT,PORTER 8,259 12,767 4,797,721 0.07 0.17 0.24 - -4,508 - 711124 DISTILLED ALCOHOLIC BEVS 16,608 44,754 9,686,816 0.13 0.17 0.24 - -28,146 - 711210 TOBACCO UNMFD 19 14,926 5,863,211 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -14,907 - 01220 TOBACCO PRODUCTS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

1221 CIGARS,CHEROOTS 277 2,285 579,349 0.00 0.05 0.24 - -2,008 - 201222 CIGARETTES 2,699 3,050 12,134,174 0.02 0.02 0.24 - -351 - 91223 OTHER MFD TOBACCO 1,325 726 1,942,681 0.01 0.07 0.24 - 599 - 282111 BOVINE,EQUINE HIDES 20,972 1,425 2,524,189 0.17 0.83 0.24 CA1 19,547 CA2 3432112 CALF AND KIP SKINS 15,127 8 342,990 0.12 4.41 0.24 CA1 15,119 CA2 18192114 GOAT AND KID SKINS 218 - 15,901 0.00 1.37 0.24 CA1 218 CA2 5652116 SHEEP SKIN COMMON W WOOL 2,625 7,927 191,142 0.02 1.37 0.24 CA1 -5,302 CA2 5662117 SHEEP SKIN WITHOUT WOOL 89,328 1,244 230,666 0.72 38.73 0.24 CA1 88,084 CA2 159722118 WASTE AND USED LEATHER 1 - 147,379 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 1 - 02119 HIDES AND SKINS NES 3,571 59 182,713 0.03 1.95 0.24 CA1 3,512 CA2 8062120 FUR SKINS UNDRESSED 81 - 898,927 0.00 0.01 0.24 - 81 - 42210 NUTS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2211 GROUNDNUTS GREEN 72 4,534 733,094 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -4,462 - 42212 COPRA EXCL FLOUR,MEAL - 16 26,649 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -16 - 02213 PALM NUTS,KERNELS - 10 16,673 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -10 - 02214 SOYA BEANS,EXCL FLOUR - 230 7,539,187 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -230 - 02215 LINSEED,EXCL FLOUR,MEAL 34 - 216,805 0.00 0.02 0.24 - 34 - 62216 COTTON SEED,EXCL FLOUR - 387 155,801 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -387 - 02217 CASTOR OIL SEED - - 5,816 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02218 OIL SEEDS,NUTS,ETC NES 2,467 1,958 3,902,203 0.02 0.06 0.24 - 509 - 262219 OIL SEED FLOUR AND MEAL 75 2,984 198,857 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -2,909 - 162311 NATURAL RUBBER,GUMS 26 4,598 3,191,903 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -4,572 - 02312 SYNTHETIC RUBBER ETC 46 13,794 4,889,013 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -13,748 - 02313 RECLAIMED RUBBER - 52 40,992 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -52 - 02314 SCRAP UNHARDENED RUBBER 9 50 81,764 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -41 - 52411 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 896 55 336,184 0.01 0.27 0.24 CA1 841 CA2 1102412 WOOD CHARCOAL 1 259 174,754 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -258 - 02421 PULPWOOD - - 1 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02422 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 288,880 478 3,708,786 2.33 7.79 0.24 CA1 288,402 CA2 3212

Page 51: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 47

2423 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS NON-CON 227 506 2,568,094 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -279 - 42429 POLES,PILING,POSTS,ETC - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2431 RAILWAY SLEEPERS,TIES 1 292 120,672 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -291 - 02432 LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 377,144 12,145 17,361,997 3.04 2.17 0.24 CA1 364,999 CA2 8962433 LUMBER SHAPED NON-CONIFR 803 15,298 6,913,351 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -14,495 - 52440 CORK RAW AND WASTE - 64 176,622 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -64 - 02510 PULP AND PAPER RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2511 WASTE PAPER 9,119 4 1,833,880 0.07 0.50 0.24 CA1 9,115 CA2 2052512 MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 42,294 24 274,097 0.34 15.43 0.24 CA1 42,270 CA2 63642515 PULP NOT OF WOOD - 186 349,277 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -186 - 02516 CHEM WOOD PULP DISSOLVNG - - 1,019,199 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02517 SULPHATE WOOD PULP 157,130 3,206 11,806,519 1.27 1.33 0.24 CA1 153,924 CA2 5492518 SULPHITE WOOD PULP 24 4,597 711,865 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -4,573 - 12519 SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP - - 713,007 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02610 SILK RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2611 SILK WORM COCOONS - - 10,023 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02612 COCOON WASTE ETC - 2 64,875 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2 - 02613 RAW SILK NOT THROWN - 2 267,114 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2 - 02620 WOOL RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2621 WOOL GREASY,FLEECE-

WSHED 109,654 390 1,278,674 0.89 8.58 0.24 CA1 109,264 CA2 3537

2622 WOOL DEGREASED 271,975 2,935 795,951 2.20 34.17 0.24 CA1 269,040 CA2 140932623 FINE HAIR UNCOMBED 698 429 136,464 0.01 0.51 0.24 CA1 269 CA2 2112625 COARSE HAIR UNCOMBED - 28 31,787 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -28 - 02626 WOOL SHODDY 5 - 3,325 0.00 0.15 0.24 - 5 - 622627 WOOL OR HAIR COMBED 6,328 120 509,969 0.05 1.24 0.24 CA1 6,208 CA2 5122628 WOOL TOPS 199 590 1,061,997 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -391 - 82629 WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 935 152 92,474 0.01 1.01 0.24 CA1 783 CA2 4172630 COTTON RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2631 RAW COTTON,EXCL LINTERS - 50 4,148,194 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -50 - 02632 COTTON LINTERS - 6 60,811 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -6 - 02633 COTTON WASTE UNCOMBED - 1 262,988 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1 - 02634 COTTON CARDED COMBED - 56 173,724 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -56 - 02640 JUTE - 13 9,541 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -13 - 02650 FIBRES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2651 FLAX AND TOW AND WASTE - - 369,609 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02652 TRUE HEMP,TOW,WASTE - 5 5,680 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -5 - 02653 RAMIE AND NOILS AND WSTE - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2654 AGAVE FIBRES AND WASTE 24 456 35,693 0.00 0.07 0.24 - -432 - 28

Page 52: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 48

2655 MANILA FIBRE,TOW,WASTE - 48 30,554 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -48 - 02658 VEG TEXT FIBRE,WASTE,NES - 233 49,470 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -233 - 02660 SYNTHETICS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2662 SYNTHETIC FIBRE TO SPIN 93 9,346 3,479,401 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -9,253 - 12663 REGENERATD FIBRE TO SPIN 5 1,783 1,831,031 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,778 - 02664 WASTE OF SYN,RGNRTD FBRE - 11 166,553 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -11 - 02670 WASTE OF TEXTILE FABRICS 1,133 154 1,403,516 0.01 0.08 0.24 - 979 - 332710 NATURAL CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

2711 ANIMAL,VEG FERTLZR,CRUDE 335 1,289 124,761 0.00 0.27 0.24 CA1 -954 - 1112712 NATURAL SODIUM NITRATE 4 32 76,997 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -28 - 22713 NATURAL PHOSPHATES NES - 55,046 1,146,258 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -55,046 - 02714 NTRL POTASSIC SALTS,CRDE - - 182,620 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02731 BLDG,DIMENSION STONE 30 134 1,297,973 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -104 - 12732 CALCAREOUS STONE 263 5,910 590,872 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -5,647 - 182733 SAND,EXCL METAL-BEARING 104 2,023 630,936 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -1,919 - 72734 GRAVEL,CRUSHED STONE 1,318 104 982,453 0.01 0.13 0.24 - 1,214 - 552740. SULPHUR AND PYRITES

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

2741 SULPHUR 232 8,501 443,886 0.00 0.05 0.24 - -8,269 - 222742 IRON PYRITES UNROASTED - 26 25,663 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -26 - 02751 INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS - 86 396,702 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -86 - 02752 NATURAL ABRASIVES NES 68 1,636 545,812 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,568 - 52761 NATURAL ASPHALT,BITUMEN 3 46 94,489 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -43 - 12762 REFRACTORY MINERALS NES 5,795 10,816 2,994,154 0.05 0.19 0.24 - -5,021 - 802763 SALT 3,158 2,864 875,842 0.03 0.36 0.24 CA1 294 CA2 1492764 ASBESTOS CRDE,SMPLY WRKD - - 311,440 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02765 QUARTZ,MICA,FELSPAR,ETC 9 410 526,375 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -401 - 12766 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 3,228 76 261,377 0.03 1.23 0.24 CA1 3,152 CA2 5092769 MINERALS CRUDE NES 380 3,284 1,436,238 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,904 - 112810 IRON RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2813 IRON ORE,ETC,EXCL PYRTES 16,226 14 7,552,842 0.13 0.21 0.24 - 16,212 - 892814 ROASTED IRON PYRITES - - 5,188 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02820 IRON AND STEEL SCRAP 9,352 447 5,509,498 0.08 0.17 0.24 - 8,905 - 702830 METAL ORES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2831 COPPER

ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 4,715,419 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 0

2832 NICKEL ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 1,161,994 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02833 BAUXITE,ETC - 283 266,447 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -283 - 0

Page 53: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 49

2834 LEAD ORES,CONCENTRATES 1 - 535,134 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 1 - 02835 ZINC ORES,CONCENTRATES 31 3 2,298,057 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 28 - 12836 TIN ORES, CONCENTRATES - - 126,310 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02837 MANGANESE

ORE,CONCENTRTE - 26 240,603 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -26 - 0

2839 NONFER ORE,CONCNTRTE NES 30 853 1,663,422 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -823 - 12840 NON-FERROUS METAL SCRAP 13,835 10,966 6,908,405 0.11 0.20 0.24 - 2,869 - 832850 SILVER AND PLATINUM ORES 410 189 1,836,993 0.00 0.02 0.24 - 221 - 92860 URANIUM,THORIUM ORE,CONC - - 229,377 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 02910 ANIMAL MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2911 BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 45,567 2,143 298,644 0.37 15.26 0.24 CA1 43,424 CA2 62932919 ANIMAL MATERIALS NES 104,288 10,639 2,718,422 0.84 3.84 0.24 CA1 93,649 CA2 15822920 PLANT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2921 PLANTS FR DYEING,TANNING - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -2922 NAT GUMS,RESINS,LACS,ETC 62 454 306,064 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -392 - 82923 VEG PLAITING MATERIALS - 138 106,828 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -138 - 02924 VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 2,310 2,254 903,689 0.02 0.26 0.24 CA1 56 CA2 1052925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 35,506 10,333 2,347,120 0.29 1.51 0.24 CA1 25,173 CA2 6242926 LIVE PLANTS,BULBS,ETC 8,766 3,905 4,165,215 0.07 0.21 0.24 - 4,861 - 872927 CUT FLOWERS,FOLIAGE 31,308 589 4,553,549 0.25 0.69 0.24 CA1 30,719 CA2 2842929 OTH CRUDE VEG MATERIALS 468 7,842 2,181,902 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -7,374 - 93214 COAL,EXCL BRIQUETTES 38,593 9 15,725,573 0.31 0.25 0.24 CA1 38,584 CA2 1013215 BRIQUETTES OF COAL 3 174 26,424 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -171 - 53216 LIGNITE AND BRIQUETTES 2 - 114,501 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 2 - 13217 PEAT AND BRIQUETTES 365 23 547,963 0.00 0.07 0.24 - 342 - 273218 COKE OF COAL,ETC - 1,743 1,708,230 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,743 - 03310 CRUDE PETROLEUM,ETC 169,046 555,264 181,827,141 1.36 0.09 0.24 - -386,218 - 383320 FUELS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -3321 MOTOR SPIRIT,GASOLINE 34 165,923 21,599,182 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -165,889 - 03322 WHITE SPIRIT,KEROSENE 1,026 22,979 8,964,073 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -21,953 - 53323 DISTILLATE FUELS 1,897 39,599 17,201,143 0.02 0.01 0.24 - -37,702 - 53324 RESIDUAL FUEL OILS 3,221 24,164 17,472,362 0.03 0.02 0.24 - -20,943 - 83325 LUBRICATING OILS,GREASES 7,275 41,408 14,110,583 0.06 0.05 0.24 - -34,133 - 213326 MINERAL JELLY,WAX 200 4,794 1,031,723 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -4,594 - 83329 NONCHEM COAL,PETR WASTES 823 31,070 2,711,142 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -30,247 - 133411 GAS NATURAL 12,441 357 47,950,831 0.10 0.03 0.24 - 12,084 - 113412 GAS MANUFACTURED - 5 8,840 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -5 - 03510 ELECTRIC ENERGY - - 7,972,826 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 04110 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

Page 54: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 50

4111 OILS OF FISH,WHALES ETC 2,063 1,326 305,503 0.02 0.68 0.24 CA1 737 CA2 2794113 ANIMAL OIL ETC,EXCL LARD 42,251 2,281 1,102,328 0.34 3.83 0.24 CA1 39,970 CA2 15814210 PLANT OILS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -4212 SOYA BEAN OIL 40 11,334 3,608,035 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -11,294 - 04213 COTTON SEED OIL 10 2,025 76,232 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,015 - 54214 GROUNDNUT,PEANUT OIL 5 161 174,518 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -156 - 14215 OLIVE OIL 38 8,769 2,551,392 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -8,731 - 14216 SUNFLOWER SEED OIL 12 3,635 2,029,332 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -3,623 - 04217 RAPE,COLZA,MUSTARD OILS 1 7,749 1,591,325 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -7,748 - 04220 SEED OIL RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -4221 LINSEED OIL 122 255 133,088 0.00 0.09 0.24 - -133 - 384222 PALM OIL 12 7,308 5,385,140 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -7,296 - 04223 COCONUT (COPRA) OIL 7 3,117 761,264 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -3,110 - 04224 PALM KERNEL OIL - 15 727,094 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -15 - 04225 CASTOR OIL 6 127 252,375 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -121 - 14229 FIXED VEGETABLE OIL NES 203 2,529 996,777 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -2,326 - 84310 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -4311 PROCESD ANML,VEG OIL NES 41 919 309,032 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -878 - 54312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 33,032 3,895 1,720,336 0.27 1.92 0.24 CA1 29,137 CA2 7924313 FATTY ACIDS ETC 1,119 871 1,301,528 0.01 0.09 0.24 - 248 - 354314 ANIMAL,VEGETABLE WAXES 280 76 97,311 0.00 0.29 0.24 CA1 204 CA2 1195120 ORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

5121 HYDROCARBONS ETC 148 10,333 16,386,017 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -10,185 - 05122 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS,ETC 97,518 11,122 11,316,529 0.79 0.86 0.24 CA1 86,396 CA2 3555123 ETHERS,EPOXIDES,ACETALS 22 2,528 4,593,102 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2,506 - 05124 ALDEHYDE ETC FNCT CMPNDS 97 4,753 3,393,053 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -4,656 - 15125 ORGANIC ACIDS,ETC 5,658 27,578 13,873,665 0.05 0.04 0.24 - -21,920 - 175126 INORGANIC ESTERS,ETC 3 476 963,055 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -473 - 05127 NITROGEN-FNCTN

COMPOUNDS 621 35,850 31,184,016 0.01 0.00 0.24 - -35,229 - 1

5128 ORG-INORG COMPOUNDS ETC 384 51,087 29,005,727 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -50,703 - 15129 OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2,865 7,117 3,022,365 0.02 0.09 0.24 - -4,252 - 395130 INORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

5131 GASES,EXCL HALOGENS 79 1,464 534,227 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,385 - 65132 CHEMICAL ELEMENTS NES 176 11,898 3,484,804 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -11,722 - 25133 INORGANIC ACIDS ETC 352 6,627 3,691,246 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -6,275 - 45134 HALGN,SULPHR CMPD NONMET - 656 247,104 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -656 - 0

Page 55: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 51

5135 METALLIC OXIDE FOR PAINT 102 10,375 1,946,769 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -10,273 - 25136 INORGANIC BASES ETC NES 127 145,047 8,534,829 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -144,920 - 15140 INORGANIC CHEM PRODS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

5141 METAL CMPD OF INORG ACID 960 9,363 1,710,499 0.01 0.06 0.24 - -8,403 - 235142 CONTINUATION OF 514.1 1,487 40,322 4,369,972 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -38,835 - 145143 CONCLUSION OF 514.1 160 8,513 3,123,914 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -8,353 - 25149 INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 3,742 1,693 1,298,597 0.03 0.29 0.24 CA1 2,049 CA2 1195150 RADIOACTIVE PRODS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

5151 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS ETC 121 987 3,740,075 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -866 - 15152 STABLE ISOTOPES ETC - 65 163,194 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -65 - 05153 OTH CHEMS ASSOC RADIOACT 3 11 326,692 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -8 - 05210 PETROLEUM PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5211 MINERAL TAR 14 18 103,384 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -4 - 65214 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 36,391 1,333 3,420,984 0.29 1.06 0.24 CA1 35,058 CA2 4395310 SYNT DYE,NAT INDGO,LAKES 732 25,346 8,659,826 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -24,614 - 35320 DYES AND TANNING RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5321 DYEING EXTRACTS 22 1,791 295,750 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,769 - 35323 SYNTHETIC TANNING PRODS 423 2,820 393,527 0.00 0.11 0.24 - -2,397 - 445324 VEG TANNING EXTRACTS 17 557 154,176 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -540 - 55325 TANNIC ACID AND DERIVS - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5330 PAINT AND INK RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5331 COLOURING MATERIAL NES 349 17,091 4,834,101 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -16,742 - 35332 PRINTING INKS 7,851 37,701 3,425,318 0.06 0.23 0.24 - -29,850 - 955333 PREPARD PAINT,DRIERS ETC 6,679 48,667 13,324,652 0.05 0.05 0.24 - -41,988 - 215410 PHARMACEUTICALS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5411 VITAMINS,PROVITAMINS 3,857 11,069 3,381,667 0.03 0.11 0.24 - -7,212 - 475413 ANTIBIOTICS 831 4,456 7,152,940 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -3,625 - 55414 VEG ALKALOIDS AND DERIVS - 604 995,529 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -604 - 05415 HORMONES 1,649 1,801 3,231,088 0.01 0.05 0.24 - -152 - 215416 GLYCOSIDES,GLANDS,SERA 27,349 19,477 10,061,511 0.22 0.27 0.24 CA1 7,872 CA2 1125417 MEDICAMENTS 33,151 324,673 72,966,582 0.27 0.05 0.24 - -291,522 - 195419 PHARMACEUTICAL GOODS 1,293 27,993 5,829,916 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -26,700 - 95511 ESSENTIAL OILS,RESINOIDS 593 3,375 1,251,353 0.00 0.05 0.24 - -2,782 - 205512 SYNTH PERFUME FLAVOR PRD 3,485 19,509 6,612,509 0.03 0.05 0.24 - -16,024 - 225530 PERFUME,COSMETICS,ETC 28,840 128,100 21,625,820 0.23 0.13 0.24 - -99,260 - 555540 HOUSEHOLD CLEANING

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

Page 56: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 52

5541 SOAPS 13,658 12,391 2,514,128 0.11 0.54 0.24 CA1 1,267 CA2 2245542 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 37,565 41,931 9,398,344 0.30 0.40 0.24 CA1 -4,366 - 1655543 POLISHES ETC 768 2,496 767,928 0.01 0.10 0.24 - -1,728 - 415610 FERTILIZER RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5611 CHEM NITROGENOUS FERTLZR 4,719 35,393 3,486,173 0.04 0.14 0.24 - -30,674 - 565612 CHEM PHOSPHATIC FERTILZR 258 3,682 496,630 0.00 0.05 0.24 - -3,424 - 215613 CHEM POTASSIC FERTILIZER 654 31,269 3,337,488 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -30,615 - 85619 FERTILIZERS NES 1,735 37,458 6,725,784 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -35,723 - 115711 PREPARED EXPLOSIVES 989 702 326,807 0.01 0.30 0.24 CA1 287 CA2 1255712 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 797 1,567 306,285 0.01 0.26 0.24 CA1 -770 - 1075713 PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS 62 2,641 476,051 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,579 - 55714 HUNTIN,SPORTIN AMMUNITN 101 3,730 637,375 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -3,629 - 75810 PLASTIC MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -5811 PROD OF CONDENSATION ETC 9,785 76,381 26,008,201 0.08 0.04 0.24 - -66,596 - 165812 PROD OF POLYMERIZING ETC 52,437 292,639 72,858,706 0.42 0.07 0.24 - -240,202 - 305813 CELLULOSE DERIVATIVS ETC 284 5,852 2,210,416 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -5,568 - 55819 PLASTIC MATERIALS NES 11 1,143 582,691 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,132 - 15990 CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

5992 PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 61,649 71,183 11,039,526 0.50 0.56 0.24 CA1 -9,534 CA2 2305995 STARCH,INULIN,GLUTEN,ETC 452,392 34,264 8,014,407 3.65 5.64 0.24 CA1 418,128 CA2 23285996 CHEMICLS FROM WOOD,RESIN 6,403 3,339 1,035,881 0.05 0.62 0.24 CA1 3,064 CA2 2555997 ORGANIC CHEM PRODS NES 1,111 25,320 7,721,673 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -24,209 - 65999 CHEM PRODS,PREPS NES 5,607 101,541 29,941,675 0.05 0.02 0.24 - -95,934 - 86112 LEATHER ARTIFIC,RECONST 6 119 170,123 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -113 - 16113 CALF LEATHER 569 200 732,204 0.00 0.08 0.24 - 369 - 326114 LEATHR BOVINE NES,EQUINE 89,743 5,329 8,256,761 0.72 1.09 0.24 CA1 84,414 CA2 4486119 LEATHER NES 40,538 3,552 2,279,295 0.33 1.78 0.24 CA1 36,986 CA2 7346121 LEATHER BELTING ETC 11 51 103,600 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -40 - 46122 HARNESS-MAKERS GOODS 1,101 2,096 382,482 0.01 0.29 0.24 CA1 -995 - 1196123 PREPD PARTS OF FOOTWEAR 3,462 9,742 4,207,317 0.03 0.08 0.24 - -6,280 - 346129 LEATHER MANUFACTURES NES 165 494 892,803 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -329 - 86130 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 21,247 3,234 798,133 0.17 2.66 0.24 CA1 18,013 CA2 10986210 MATERIALS OF RUBBER 3,375 21,847 7,091,988 0.03 0.05 0.24 - -18,472 - 206290 RUBBER RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6291 RUBBER TYRES,TUBES 34,261 74,511 24,804,517 0.28 0.14 0.24 - -40,250 - 576293 HYGIENIC UNHRDND RUBBER 116 3,075 519,409 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -2,959 - 96294 RUBBER BELTING 866 11,102 1,930,717 0.01 0.04 0.24 - -10,236 - 186299 OTH RUBBER ARTICLES NES 10,604 29,253 7,801,601 0.09 0.14 0.24 - -18,649 - 56

Page 57: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 53

6311 VENEER SHEETS 3,529 1,705 2,276,923 0.03 0.15 0.24 - 1,824 - 646312 PLYWOOD 66,685 6,717 6,801,951 0.54 0.98 0.24 CA1 59,968 CA2 4046314 IMPROVED,RECONSTIT WOOD 23,159 2,207 4,943,924 0.19 0.47 0.24 CA1 20,952 CA2 1936318 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED NES 22,424 392 1,668,034 0.18 1.34 0.24 CA1 22,032 CA2 5546321 BOXES,CASES,CRATES 2,028 1,008 1,552,158 0.02 0.13 0.24 - 1,020 - 546322 COOPERAGE PRODUCTS 236 7,394 336,432 0.00 0.07 0.24 - -7,158 - 296324 BUILDERS

WOODWRK,PREFABS 18,791 11,338 9,659,223 0.15 0.19 0.24 - 7,453 - 80

6327 WOOD MFRS,DOMESTIC ETC 1,273 4,749 1,782,332 0.01 0.07 0.24 - -3,476 - 296328 OTHER WOOD MANUFACTURES 2,170 4,546 2,715,365 0.02 0.08 0.24 - -2,376 - 336330 CORK MANUFACTURES 2,956 9,634 1,193,014 0.02 0.25 0.24 CA1 -6,678 - 1026410 PAPER PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6411 NEWSPRINT PAPER 86,960 292 8,842,600 0.70 0.98 0.24 CA1 86,668 CA2 4066412 OTHER PRINTING PAPER NES 2,736 93,049 18,933,322 0.02 0.01 0.24 - -90,313 - 66413 KRAFT PAPER,PAPERBOARD 42,222 50,089 6,964,630 0.34 0.61 0.24 CA1 -7,867 CA2 2506414 CIGARETTE PAPER IN BULK - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6415 PAPER ETC IN BULK NES 13,524 83,172 15,584,685 0.11 0.09 0.24 - -69,648 - 366416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 110,616 3,435 2,998,080 0.89 3.69 0.24 CA1 107,181 CA2 15226417 HAND-MADE PAPERS - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6419 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 65,845 71,925 17,447,115 0.53 0.38 0.24 CA1 -6,080 - 1566421 PAPER ETC CONTAINERS 10,745 19,635 8,168,845 0.09 0.13 0.24 - -8,890 - 546422 CORRESPONDENCE

STATIONRY 3,662 1,955 698,836 0.03 0.52 0.24 CA1 1,707 CA2 216

6423 EXERCISE BOOKS ETC 6,077 11,132 1,976,913 0.05 0.31 0.24 CA1 -5,055 - 1276429 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 29,774 75,199 12,272,921 0.24 0.24 0.24 CA1 -45,425 - 1006510 YARN RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6511 SILK YARN AND THREAD - 34 305,830 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -34 - 06512 YARN OF WOOL,ANIMAL HAIR 50,603 6,648 2,075,716 0.41 2.44 0.24 CA1 43,955 CA2 10056513 GREY COTTON YARN IN BULK 168 8,797 6,513,363 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -8,629 - 16514 COTTON YARN,BLCHD,DYED - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6515 FLAX,RAMIE,TRU HEMP YARN - 583 305,242 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -583 - 06516 YARN OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES 616 27,566 14,014,177 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -26,950 - 26517 REGENERATED FIBRE YARN 456 3,129 1,549,833 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,673 - 126518 YARN OF GLASS FIBRE 64 3,253 1,536,611 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -3,189 - 26519 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 734 562 249,071 0.01 0.29 0.24 CA1 172 CA2 1226520 COTTON FABRICS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6521 GREY WOVEN COTTON FABRIC 59 938 3,457,159 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -879 - 16522 WOVEN COTTON BLCHD,ETC 3,585 40,215 14,588,498 0.03 0.02 0.24 - -36,630 - 106530 OTHER FABRICS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

Page 58: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 54

6531 SILK FABRICS WOVEN 59 1,940 1,272,689 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,881 - 26532 WOVEN WOOL FABRICS 4,837 9,931 4,459,356 0.04 0.11 0.24 - -5,094 - 456533 LINEN,RAMIE,TR HEMP FABS 183 2,287 1,065,595 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -2,104 - 76534 JUTE FABRICS,WOVEN 3 3,100 75,363 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -3,097 - 26535 WOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRICS 4,381 61,818 19,357,424 0.04 0.02 0.24 - -57,437 - 96536 WOVEN REGENERATED FABS 773 15,198 5,144,755 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -14,425 - 66537 KNIT ETC FABRIC NONELAST 12,077 22,646 9,845,847 0.10 0.12 0.24 - -10,569 - 516538 GLASS FIBRE WOVEN FABRIC 179 3,014 1,085,034 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -2,835 - 76539 WOVEN FABRICS NES 77 517 241,127 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -440 - 136540 LACE,RIBBONS,TULLE,ETC 4,020 7,784 4,309,970 0.03 0.09 0.24 - -3,764 - 386551 FELT AND ARTICLES NES 2,773 2,144 1,302,980 0.02 0.21 0.24 - 629 - 886554 COATED ETC TEXTILES NES 1,044 34,838 11,700,581 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -33,794 - 46555 ELASTIC FAB ETC NOT KNIT - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6556 CORDAGE AND

MANUFACTURES 5,848 11,067 1,286,397 0.05 0.45 0.24 CA1 -5,219 - 187

6557 HAT BODIES - 158 43,946 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -158 - 06558 TEXTILES FOR MACHINERY 994 17,093 3,100,923 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -16,099 - 136559 SPECL TEXTILE PRODS NES 96 2,024 268,456 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -1,928 - 156560 TEXTILE PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6561 BAGS,SACKS OF TEXTILES 260 8,035 1,181,069 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -7,775 - 96562 MADE-UP CANVAS GOODS 3,460 3,950 1,054,076 0.03 0.33 0.24 CA1 -490 - 1356566 BLANKETS,COVERLETS ETC 4,222 3,347 956,467 0.03 0.44 0.24 CA1 875 CA2 1826569 OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS 5,983 56,232 9,495,855 0.05 0.06 0.24 - -50,249 - 266570 FLOOR COVERINGS RES - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6574 LINOLEUM ETC 134 407 137,144 0.00 0.10 0.24 - -273 - 406575 CARPETS ETC KNOTTED 475 3,797 1,930,051 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -3,322 - 106576 CARPETS ETC UNKNOTTED 48,861 30,920 6,349,796 0.39 0.77 0.24 CA1 17,941 CA2 3176577 TAPESTRIES 2 111 37,262 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -109 - 26578 MATS,SCREENS,ETC PLAITED 14 350 228,802 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -336 - 36610 BUILDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6611 LIME 4,776 366 199,783 0.04 2.39 0.24 CA1 4,410 CA2 9866612 CEMENT 5,701 1,784 4,087,685 0.05 0.14 0.24 - 3,917 - 586613 BUILDING STONE ETC WORKD 479 8,362 4,776,563 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -7,883 - 46618 MNRL BLDG PRD UNFIRD NES 653 6,116 1,347,789 0.01 0.05 0.24 - -5,463 - 206623 REFRACTORY BUILDING PROD 99 10,495 2,415,806 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -10,396 - 26624 BRICK ETC NONREFRACTORY 394 25,017 7,785,545 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -24,623 - 26630 MINERAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6631 GRINDING STONES ETC 267 4,471 1,574,137 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -4,204 - 76632 ABRASIVE CLOTHS ETC 3,019 9,788 1,754,871 0.02 0.17 0.24 - -6,769 - 71

Page 59: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 55

6634 WORKED MICA ETC - 423 117,929 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -423 - 06635 MINRL INSULATNG PROD NES 205 5,708 1,358,108 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -5,503 - 66636 MINRL MFS NES NONCERAMIC 2,009 9,634 4,365,734 0.02 0.05 0.24 - -7,625 - 196637 REFRACTORY WARE NONBLDG 76 2,630 941,098 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,554 - 36638 ASBESTOS,FRICTION PRODS 106 2,479 931,713 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,373 - 56639 CERAMIC ARTICLES NES 554 4,392 2,135,004 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -3,838 - 116641 GLASS NONOPTICAL,PLAIN 162 260 929,284 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -98 - 76642 OPTICAL GLASS UNWRKD ETC 107 2,205 2,432,686 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2,098 - 26643 DRAWN,BLOWN GLASS

UNWRKD 6 1,109 153,067 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,103 - 2

6644 GLASS SURFACE-GROUND ETC 580 20,042 2,393,370 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -19,462 - 106645 CAST,ROLLED GLASS UNWRKD 29 327 314,371 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -298 - 46646 GLASS CONSTRUCTION PRODS - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6647 SAFETY GLASS 12,879 15,367 3,963,001 0.10 0.32 0.24 CA1 -2,488 - 1346648 SHEET GLASS METAL-COATED 360 2,752 1,423,470 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,392 - 106649 GLASS NES 1,303 11,204 5,605,430 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -9,901 - 106651 BOTTLES ETC OF GLASS 1,758 16,708 2,890,078 0.01 0.06 0.24 - -14,950 - 256652 HOUSEHLD,HOTEL ETC GLASS 410 14,546 4,468,252 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -14,136 - 46658 GLASS ARTICLES NES 205 3,983 2,034,387 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -3,778 - 46660 ORNAMENTS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6664 PORCELN,CHINA HOUSE WARE 147 4,940 2,240,724 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -4,793 - 36665 COARSE CERAMIC

HOUSEWARE 314 9,732 1,127,343 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -9,418 - 11

6666 CERAMIC ORNAMENTS ETC 392 7,398 1,546,397 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -7,006 - 106671 PEARLS UNSET,UNSTRUNG 507 2,095 1,217,343 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -1,588 - 176672 DIAMONDS NONINDUST,UNSET 577 12,917 36,215,746 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -12,340 - 16673 PREC-,SEMI-PR STONES NES 1,182 4,262 1,502,576 0.01 0.08 0.24 - -3,080 - 326674 SYNTH PREC-,SEMI-P STONE - 78 467,086 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -78 - 06710 FERRO-ALLOYS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6711 SPIEGELEISEN - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6712 PIG IRON,INCL CAST IRON - 207 1,127,547 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -207 - 06713 IRON,STL POWDER,SHOT,ETC 5 617 857,615 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -612 - 06714 FERRO-MANGANESE - 905 582,054 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -905 - 06715 OTHER FERRO-ALLOYS 6 3,234 4,573,732 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -3,228 - 06720 IRONS AND STEEL PRODS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

6721 IRN,STL BLOCKS,LUMPS,ETC - 2 148,874 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2 - 06723 INGOTS OF IRON OR STEEL 536 137 289,036 0.00 0.19 0.24 - 399 - 766725 IRN,STL BLOOMS,SLABS,ETC 2,557 2,777 7,950,357 0.02 0.03 0.24 - -220 - 13

Page 60: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 56

6727 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 40,674 2,076 11,988,367 0.33 0.34 0.24 CA1 38,598 CA2 1406731 IRON,STEEL WIRE ROD 1,419 3,119 5,136,214 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -1,700 - 116732 IRON,STEEL BARS ETC 2,885 31,437 8,961,860 0.02 0.03 0.24 - -28,552 - 136734 IRN,STL BIG SECTIONS ETC 607 23,942 5,256,545 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -23,335 - 56735 IRN,STL SMALL SECTNS ETC 131 2,201 514,981 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,070 - 106740 IRON AND STEEL PLATES

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

6741 IRN,STL HEAVY PLATE ETC 2,865 14,489 6,329,716 0.02 0.05 0.24 - -11,624 - 196742 IRN,STL MEDIUM PLATE ETC 1,801 12,341 3,779,583 0.01 0.05 0.24 - -10,540 - 206743 IRN,STL THIN UNCOATED 21,756 29,984 14,346,297 0.18 0.15 0.24 - -8,228 - 636747 TINNED PLATES,SHEETS 148 39,791 3,025,687 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -39,643 - 26748 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 51,103 43,396 14,888,180 0.41 0.34 0.24 CA1 7,707 CA2 1426750 IRON,STEEL HOOP,STRIP - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6761 RAILWAY RAILS IRN,STL - 1,363 805,488 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,363 - 06762 RY TRACK EQU NES IRN,STL 61 710 365,402 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -649 - 76770 IRN,STL WIRE EXCL W ROD 4,476 21,060 3,393,673 0.04 0.13 0.24 - -16,584 - 546780 METAL PIPES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6781 CAST IRON TUBES,PIPES 236 1,003 529,222 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -767 - 186782 IRN,STL TUBE SEAMLES NES 2,337 8,616 6,137,183 0.02 0.04 0.24 - -6,279 - 166783 IRON,STL TUBE,PIPE NES 5,972 25,000 8,751,473 0.05 0.07 0.24 - -19,028 - 286784 STL HIGHPRESSURE CONDUIT - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6785 IRON,STEEL TUBE FITTINGS 6,213 11,394 5,007,844 0.05 0.12 0.24 - -5,181 - 516790 CASTINGS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6791 IRON CASTINGS ROUGH 3,827 1,775 2,754,552 0.03 0.14 0.24 - 2,052 - 576792 STEEL CASTINGS ROUGH - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6793 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 6,614 16,257 1,610,109 0.05 0.41 0.24 CA1 -9,643 - 1696811 SILVER UNWKD,PARTLY WRKD 478 1,511 3,276,514 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,033 - 66812 METALS OF PLATINUM GROUP 26 238 6,780,207 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -212 - 06821 COPPER,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 178 12,747 11,803,634 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -12,569 - 16822 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 51,733 39,254 13,813,499 0.42 0.37 0.24 CA1 12,479 CA2 1546831 NICKEL,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 17 3,719,053 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -17 - 06832 NICKEL,ALLOYS WORKED 14 1,223 1,439,468 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,209 - 06841 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS,UNWRGHT 406,410 19,492 18,250,644 3.28 2.23 0.24 CA1 386,918 CA2 9186842 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 55,231 78,678 22,113,186 0.45 0.25 0.24 CA1 -23,447 - 1036851 LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 5,134 1,161 1,326,044 0.04 0.39 0.24 CA1 3,973 CA2 1606852 LEAD,ALLOYS WORKED 1,263 1,468 155,688 0.01 0.81 0.24 CA1 -205 CA2 3356861 ZINC,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 1 20,268 4,151,531 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -20,267 - 06862 ZINC,ALLOYS WORKED 592 1,171 546,925 0.00 0.11 0.24 - -579 - 456871 TIN,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 630 1,266,579 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -630 - 0

Page 61: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 57

6872 TIN,ALLOYS WORKED 57 1,097 211,787 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -1,040 - 116880 URANIUM,THORIUM,ALLOYS - - 12,012 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 06890 BASE METALS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6893 MAGNESIUM,BERYLLIUM 10 1,524 863,936 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,514 - 06894 TUNGSTEN,MOLYBD,TANTALUM 6 501 1,090,002 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -495 - 06895 BASE METALS NES 105 1,503 3,307,373 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -1,398 - 16910 STRUCTURES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6911 STRUCTURES,PARTS IRN,STL 7,320 12,572 10,330,488 0.06 0.07 0.24 - -5,252 - 296912 STRUCTURES,PARTS ALUMNM 15,211 11,635 3,224,415 0.12 0.47 0.24 CA1 3,576 CA2 1956921 MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 5,643 754 1,417,995 0.05 0.40 0.24 CA1 4,889 CA2 1646922 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 27,567 12,396 4,280,208 0.22 0.64 0.24 CA1 15,171 CA2 2666923 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS 1,344 6,073 1,043,471 0.01 0.13 0.24 - -4,729 - 536931 WIRE ROPES ETC 1,772 9,111 2,925,814 0.01 0.06 0.24 - -7,339 - 256932 IRON,STEEL FENCING WIRE 231 90 83,843 0.00 0.28 0.24 CA1 141 CA2 1146933 WIRE FENCING,GAUZE,ETC 1,043 2,707 1,688,282 0.01 0.06 0.24 - -1,664 - 256934 EXPANDED METAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6940 FASTENERS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6941 STL,COPPER NAILS ETC 620 6,537 915,517 0.01 0.07 0.24 - -5,917 - 286942 STL,COPPR NUTS,BOLTS,ETC 1,580 25,170 8,732,816 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -23,590 - 76950 TOOLS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6951 HAND TOOLS,AGRIC FOREST 512 3,743 502,404 0.00 0.10 0.24 - -3,231 - 426952 TOOLS NES 38,219 56,083 17,316,589 0.31 0.22 0.24 - -17,864 - 916960 CUTLERY 1,519 21,774 4,343,650 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -20,255 - 146971 DOMESTC STOVES,OVENS,ETC 8,144 15,298 2,629,250 0.07 0.31 0.24 CA1 -7,154 - 1286972 BASE MTL DOMESTC UTENSLS 4,902 19,122 4,920,099 0.04 0.10 0.24 - -14,220 - 416979 BASE MTL HOUSE EQUIP NES 96 2,533 687,635 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,437 - 66980 BASE METAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -6981 LOCKSMITHS WARES 17,092 41,253 12,761,587 0.14 0.13 0.24 - -24,161 - 556982 BASE METAL SAFES ETC 162 841 413,734 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -679 - 166983 IRON,STL CHAIN AND PARTS 207 7,646 1,567,886 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -7,439 - 56984 IRON,STEEL ANCHORS,PARTS 62 163 89,929 0.00 0.07 0.24 - -101 - 286985 PINS,ETC HOOKS,EYES,ETC 417 3,695 1,159,872 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -3,278 - 156986 SPRINGS AND LEAVES 6,519 3,711 2,618,274 0.05 0.25 0.24 CA1 2,808 CA2 1036988 MISC BASE METAL PRODUCTS 3,326 9,782 3,916,097 0.03 0.08 0.24 - -6,456 - 356989 OTH BASE MTL MANUFACTURS 30,406 41,404 17,998,550 0.25 0.17 0.24 - -10,998 - 707110 ENGINES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7111 STEAM BOILERS 2,018 9,966 1,921,580 0.02 0.11 0.24 - -7,948 - 437112 BOILER HOUSE PLANT NES 98 15,983 759,777 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -15,885 - 5

Page 62: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 58

7113 STEAM ENGINES,TURBINES 3,680 3,656 2,357,209 0.03 0.16 0.24 - 24 - 647114 AIRCRAFT ENGINES INC JET 12,483 87,207 33,706,765 0.10 0.04 0.24 - -74,724 - 157115 PISTON ENGINES NON-AIR 8,052 73,982 63,827,769 0.06 0.01 0.24 - -65,930 - 57116 GAS TURBINES NON-AIRCRFT 4,985 21,870 11,879,277 0.04 0.04 0.24 - -16,885 - 177117 NUCLEAR REACTORS - - 2,061,329 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 07118 ENGINES NES 1,877 13,667 3,044,490 0.02 0.06 0.24 - -11,790 - 257120 AG MACHINERY RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7121 CULTIVATING MACHINERY 6,839 7,623 1,924,578 0.06 0.36 0.24 CA1 -784 - 1477122 HARVESTING ETC MACHINES 21,644 32,234 6,346,228 0.17 0.34 0.24 CA1 -10,590 - 1417123 DAIRY-FARM EQUIPMENT 11,173 4,093 775,116 0.09 1.44 0.24 CA1 7,080 CA2 5957125 TRACTORS NON-ROAD 1,914 48,603 8,061,149 0.02 0.02 0.24 - -46,689 - 107129 AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 5,379 12,255 1,829,784 0.04 0.29 0.24 CA1 -6,876 - 1217140 OFFICE MACHINES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7141 TYPEWRITERS,CHEQUE-

WRTRS 7 311 222,316 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -304 - 1

7142 ACCTING MACHS,COMPUTERS 421 9,909 2,541,532 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -9,488 - 77143 STATISTICAL MACHINES 19,690 457,323 158,394,528 0.16 0.01 0.24 - -437,633 - 57149 OFFICE MACHINES NES 53,387 209,218 110,590,321 0.43 0.05 0.24 - -155,831 - 207150 METALWORKING MACH

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

7151 MACHINE TOOLS FOR METAL 16,068 19,075 20,049,763 0.13 0.08 0.24 - -3,007 - 337152 METALWORKING MACHNRY

NES 964 3,794 3,651,460 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -2,830 - 11

7171 TEXTILE MACHINERY 22,012 16,736 13,544,020 0.18 0.16 0.24 - 5,276 - 677172 SKIN,LEATHER WORKNG MACH 132 1,506 634,582 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -1,374 - 97173 SEWING MACHINES 682 4,680 2,950,581 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -3,998 - 107181 PAPER ETC MILL MACHINERY 5,716 26,087 6,369,986 0.05 0.09 0.24 - -20,371 - 377182 PRINTING,BINDING MACHNRY 6,813 40,427 13,780,008 0.05 0.05 0.24 - -33,614 - 207183 FOOD MACHRY NON-DOMESTIC 12,685 23,065 5,482,817 0.10 0.23 0.24 - -10,380 - 957184 CONST,MINING MACHNRY NES 15,512 89,708 23,133,299 0.13 0.07 0.24 - -74,196 - 287185 CRUSHING ETC,GLASS MACH 11,114 15,785 6,257,456 0.09 0.18 0.24 - -4,671 - 737190 MACHINE PARTS RES - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7191 HEATING,COOLING,EQUIPMNT 68,067 98,145 35,720,192 0.55 0.19 0.24 - -30,078 - 797192 PUMPS,CENTRIFUGES 38,170 147,055 54,161,287 0.31 0.07 0.24 - -108,885 - 297193 MECHANICAL HANDLING EQU 26,561 102,602 34,309,864 0.21 0.08 0.24 - -76,041 - 327194 DOMESTIC APPLI NONELECTR 20 1,370 137,135 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,350 - 67195 POWERED-TOOLS NES 7,909 47,240 16,863,166 0.06 0.05 0.24 - -39,331 - 197196 NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 56,440 79,092 21,175,337 0.46 0.27 0.24 CA1 -22,652 - 1107197 BALL,ROLLER,ETC BEARINGS 537 19,061 11,163,135 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -18,524 - 2

Page 63: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 59

7198 OTH MACHINES NONELECTRIC 26,465 78,715 47,997,061 0.21 0.06 0.24 - -52,250 - 237199 MACHINE PARTS,ACCESR NES 23,337 105,274 49,143,915 0.19 0.05 0.24 - -81,937 - 207220 ELECTRIC MACHY RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7221 ELECTRIC POWER MACHINERY 42,331 108,528 52,063,529 0.34 0.08 0.24 - -66,197 - 347222 SWITCHGEAR ETC 85,614 119,305 74,303,277 0.69 0.12 0.24 - -33,691 - 487231 INSULATED WIRE,CABLE 29,635 39,111 29,774,182 0.24 0.10 0.24 - -9,476 - 417232 ELECTRC INSULATING EQUIP 4,611 3,173 3,031,814 0.04 0.15 0.24 - 1,438 - 637240 TELECOMMS EQUIP RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7241 TELEVISION RECEIVERS 540 67,371 21,669,644 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -66,831 - 17242 RADIO BROADCAST RECEIVRS 1,150 48,498 14,049,089 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -47,348 - 37249 TELECOMM EQUIPMENT NES 111,586 542,993 147,720,122 0.90 0.08 0.24 - -431,407 - 317250 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC EQUIP 85,923 124,826 30,557,866 0.69 0.28 0.24 CA1 -38,903 - 1167261 ELECTRO-MEDICAL EQUIPMNT 3,175 19,669 7,021,762 0.03 0.05 0.24 - -16,494 - 197262 X-RAY APPARATUS 1,071 13,139 6,633,720 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -12,068 - 77290 ELECTRICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7291 BATTERIES,ACCUMULATORS 6,179 38,903 14,173,905 0.05 0.04 0.24 - -32,724 - 187292 ELECTRIC LAMPS,BULBS 2,658 18,952 6,976,955 0.02 0.04 0.24 - -16,294 - 167293 TRANSISTORS,VALVES,ETC 13,935 61,374 209,084,269 0.11 0.01 0.24 - -47,439 - 37294 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTR EQUIP 4,971 21,313 13,726,622 0.04 0.04 0.24 - -16,342 - 157295 ELEC MEASURNG,CONTRL EQU 17,876 38,962 17,185,231 0.14 0.10 0.24 - -21,086 - 437296 ELECTRO-MECH HAND TOOLS 1,544 22,134 5,467,559 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -20,590 - 127297 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS - 735 478,390 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -735 - 07299 OTH ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 52,229 79,546 47,010,975 0.42 0.11 0.24 - -27,317 - 467310 LOCOMOTIVES RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7311 STEAM LOCOMOTIVES,ETC - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7312 ELEC LOCOS NON-SELF-GEN - - 170,657 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 07313 LOCOS NOT STEAM,NOT ELEC 4,388 - 1,175,704 0.04 0.37 0.24 CA1 4,388 CA2 1547314 MECHAN-PROPELLED RY CARS - 197 958,962 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -197 - 07315 PASSENGER CARS NOT

POWRD - - 319,677 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 0

7316 FREIGHT CARS NOT POWERED 1,170 1,314 4,239,329 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -144 - 117317 RY LOCOMTV,CAR PARTS NES 138 3,075 4,288,182 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -2,937 - 17320 MOTORIZED TRANSPORT

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

7321 PASS MOTOR VEH EXC BUSES 13,772 1,289,145 290,263,251 0.11 0.00 0.24 - -1,275,373 - 27322 BUSES 1,963 8,190 5,715,311 0.02 0.03 0.24 - -6,227 - 147323 LORRIES,TRUCKS 3,656 252,515 49,883,873 0.03 0.01 0.24 - -248,859 - 37324 SPECIAL MOTOR VEHCLS NES 6,455 7,136 3,789,269 0.05 0.17 0.24 - -681 - 707325 TRACTORS FOR TR-TRAILERS 248 5,408 11,928,046 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -5,160 - 1

Page 64: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 60

7327 LORRY,TRUCK,BUS CHASSIS 559 2,928 2,242,146 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -2,369 - 107328 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS NES 53,667 94,905 128,980,878 0.43 0.04 0.24 - -41,238 - 177329 MOTORCYCLES ETC,PARTS 3,572 26,326 8,566,825 0.03 0.04 0.24 - -22,754 - 177330 NON-MOTORIZED TRANS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

7331 BICYCLES NON-MOTOR,PARTS 2,952 21,973 6,862,361 0.02 0.04 0.24 - -19,021 - 187333 VEH NES NONMOTR,TRAILERS 11,814 14,147 7,452,338 0.10 0.16 0.24 - -2,333 - 657334 INVALID CARRIAGES MOTRZD 215 2,084 355,220 0.00 0.06 0.24 - -1,869 - 257340 AIRCRAFT RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7341 AIRCRFT HEAVIER THAN AIR 158,372 502,939 71,051,538 1.28 0.22 0.24 - -344,567 - 927349 AIRCRAFT PARTS,ETC 7,303 57,743 36,597,991 0.06 0.02 0.24 - -50,440 - 87350 SHIPS AND BOATS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -7351 WARSHIPS 20,245 333,448 1,942,438 0.16 1.04 0.24 CA1 -313,203 CA2 4307353 SHIPS AND BOATS NON-WAR 32,393 184,609 32,227,967 0.26 0.10 0.24 - -152,216 - 417358 VESSELS FOR BREAKING UP - - 33,771 0.00 0.00 0.24 - 0 - 07359 SHIPS AND BOATS NES 3,045 1,460 5,103,680 0.02 0.06 0.24 - 1,585 - 258121 CENTRAL HEATING EQUIPMNT 436 2,976 4,275,931 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,540 - 48122 CERAMIC PLUMBNG FIXTURES 134 9,357 1,710,086 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -9,223 - 38123 IRON,STL PLUMBNG FIXTRS 4,695 5,137 806,823 0.04 0.58 0.24 CA1 -442 CA2 2408124 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 7,639 42,404 9,640,571 0.06 0.08 0.24 - -34,765 - 338210 FURNITURE 50,527 120,154 56,018,737 0.41 0.09 0.24 - -69,627 - 378310 TRAVEL GOODS,HANDBAGS 5,817 37,760 10,312,642 0.05 0.06 0.24 - -31,943 - 238410 CLOTHING RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -8411 TEXTILE CLOTHES NOT KNIT 47,599 174,882 80,036,734 0.38 0.06 0.24 - -127,283 - 258412 TXTL CLTHG ACSRY NONKNIT 10,626 21,504 8,098,687 0.09 0.13 0.24 - -10,878 - 548413 LEATHER CLOTHES,ACCESRYS 1,103 5,242 4,604,145 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -4,139 - 108414 CLOTHING,ACCESSORYS KNIT 40,162 183,521 68,259,041 0.32 0.06 0.24 - -143,359 - 248415 HEADGEAR 4,997 10,401 1,996,510 0.04 0.25 0.24 CA1 -5,404 - 1038416 RUBBER CLTHG INCL GLOVES 628 7,851 2,041,655 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -7,223 - 138420 FUR ETC CLOTHES,PROD 10,473 922 948,569 0.08 1.10 0.24 CA1 9,551 CA2 4558510 FOOTWEAR 25,034 98,544 32,517,404 0.20 0.08 0.24 - -73,510 - 328610 OPTICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -8611 OPTICAL ELEMENTS 849 9,246 4,178,260 0.01 0.02 0.24 - -8,397 - 88612 SPECTACLES AND FRAMES 1,388 19,416 3,783,717 0.01 0.04 0.24 - -18,028 - 158613 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 1,436 21,344 16,203,414 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -19,908 - 48614 CAMERAS STILL,FLASH APP 2,031 21,061 5,843,559 0.02 0.03 0.24 - -19,030 - 148615 CINEMA CAMERAS,PROJ,ETC 5,171 4,137 466,834 0.04 1.11 0.24 CA1 1,034 CA2 4578616 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIP NES 3,807 70,946 19,352,813 0.03 0.02 0.24 - -67,139 - 88617 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 54,715 80,387 22,385,021 0.44 0.24 0.24 CA1 -25,672 - 101

Page 65: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 61

8618 METERS,COUNTERSNONELECT

699 8,603 2,622,210 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -7,904 - 11

8619 MEASURNG,CONTROLNGINSTR

69,282 84,062 45,109,865 0.56 0.15 0.24 - -14,780 - 63

8620 PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODSRESIDUAL

- - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

8623 CHEM PHOTO GOODS,RETAIL 1,007 27,625 4,002,281 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -26,618 - 108624 PHOTO FILM EXC DEV CINMA 1,817 53,865 12,307,698 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -52,048 - 68630 DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 2,432 105 427,272 0.02 0.57 0.24 CA1 2,327 CA2 2358640 WATCHES AND CLOCKS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

8641 WATCHES,MOVEMENTS,CASES 2,146 19,522 10,881,054 0.02 0.02 0.24 - -17,376 - 88642 CLOCKS,CLOCK PARTS 287 7,224 2,852,220 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -6,937 - 48910 RECORDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -8911 SND

RECRDRS,PHONOGR,PRTS 1,513 58,820 28,327,942 0.01 0.01 0.24 - -57,307 - 2

8912 SOUND RECRDNG TAPE,DISCS 7,339 133,713 28,599,011 0.06 0.03 0.24 - -126,374 - 118914 STRINGED MUSICAL INSTR 82 2,282 872,333 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -2,200 - 48918 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 372 5,432 1,662,735 0.00 0.02 0.24 - -5,060 - 98919 MUSICAL INSTR PARTS NES 99 1,520 676,622 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -1,421 - 68920 BOOKS AND PERIODICALS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

8921 PRINTED BOOKS,GLOBES,ETC 12,093 99,585 10,641,504 0.10 0.11 0.24 - -87,492 - 478922 NEWSPAPERS,PERIODICALS 1,361 64,339 4,362,825 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -62,978 - 138923 PRINTED,MANUSCRIPT MUSIC 26 801 76,684 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -775 - 148924 PICTURE POSTCARDS ETC 2,772 8,284 1,003,711 0.02 0.28 0.24 CA1 -5,512 - 1148929 PRINTED MATTER NES 20,650 43,129 9,457,984 0.17 0.22 0.24 - -22,479 - 908930 ARTICLES OF PLASTIC NES 111,548 203,228 54,273,254 0.90 0.21 0.24 - -91,680 - 858940 TOYS RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -8941 BABY CARRIAGES ETC 1,844 1,476 482,189 0.01 0.38 0.24 CA1 368 CA2 1588942 TOYS,INDOOR GAMES 12,578 114,263 22,882,985 0.10 0.05 0.24 - -101,685 - 238943 NON-MILITARY ARMS 190 2,218 538,340 0.00 0.04 0.24 - -2,028 - 158944 OUTDOOR SPORT GOODS NES 5,963 41,364 7,159,886 0.05 0.08 0.24 - -35,401 - 348945 AMUSEMENTS ETC FOR FAIRS 1,165 1,045 631,705 0.01 0.18 0.24 - 120 - 768951 BASE MTL OFFICE SUPPLIES 167 2,814 581,705 0.00 0.03 0.24 - -2,647 - 128952 PENS,PENCILS,FOUNTN PENS 1,647 11,266 3,657,449 0.01 0.05 0.24 - -9,619 - 198959 OTHER OFFICE SUPPLIES 959 9,269 2,841,653 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -8,310 - 148960 WORKS OF ART ETC 8,817 8,855 6,312,459 0.07 0.14 0.24 - -38 - 588970 JEWELLRY RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -8971 REAL JEWELRY,GOLD,SILVER 19,109 23,788 18,057,227 0.15 0.11 0.24 - -4,679 - 44

Page 66: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 62

8972 IMITATION JEWELLERY 1,072 6,164 1,466,604 0.01 0.07 0.24 - -5,092 - 308990 OTHER MANUF PRODS

RESIDUAL - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -

8991 CARVED,MOULDED GOODS 333 2,208 535,147 0.00 0.06 0.24 - -1,875 - 268992 BROOMS,PLAITED PROD,ETC 2,316 13,556 2,615,126 0.02 0.09 0.24 - -11,240 - 378993 CANDLES,MATCHES,ETC 153 7,139 2,333,130 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -6,986 - 38994 UMBRELLAS,CANES ETC 73 3,840 896,922 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -3,767 - 38995 TOILET GOODS,SMALL WARES 978 5,487 2,855,422 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -4,509 - 148996 HEARING,ORTHOPAEDIC AIDS 3,425 38,680 7,815,649 0.03 0.04 0.24 - -35,255 - 188999 OTHER MANUF GOODS NES 736 4,427 2,713,552 0.01 0.03 0.24 - -3,691 - 119110 MAIL NOT CLASSED BY KIND - - - 0.00 - 0.24 - 0 - -9310 SPECIAL TRANSACTIONS 243,150 19,822 142,094,256 1.96 0.17 0.24 - 223,328 - 719410 ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 1,685 430 343,642 0.01 0.49 0.24 CA1 1,255 CA2 2029510 WAR FIREARMS,AMMUNITION 410 5,402 5,031,041 0.00 0.01 0.24 - -4,992 - 39610 COIN NONGOLD,NONCURRENT - 148 64,893 0.00 0.00 0.24 - -148 - 0Total TOTAL 12,390,154 14,309,976 5,110,131,406 100.00 0.24 0.24 - -1,919,822 - 100

Page 67: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 63

APPENDIX C: CHANGE IN EXPORT STRUCTURE BETWEEN 1985 AND 1999Summary of export growth between 1985 and 1999Source: COMTRADE, NZIERAll data in nominal $US000s

Commoditycode

Commodity name NZ exports in1985

$US000's

NZ exportsin 1999

$US000's

'World' exportsin 1985 $US000's

'World' exportsin 1999 $US000's

NZ exportgrowth by

commodity,compound

annual growthrate, %

'World'export

growth bycommodity

NZgrowth

less'world'growth

NZ's gainin market

share$US000s

% change inRCA Index

0011 BOVINE CATTLE 7,462 3,279 1,959,420 4,079,111 -5.7 5.4 -11.1 -12,255 -700012 SHEEP, LAMBS, GOATS 678 831 529,459 461,662 1.5 -1.0 2.4 240 990013 SWINE 133 33 637,654 1,301,148 -9.5 5.2 -14.7 -238 -830014 LIVE POULTRY 201 513 278,246 894,621 6.9 8.7 -1.8 -133 120015 HORSES, ASSES, MULES 36,856 70,714 822,830 1,311,914 4.8 3.4 1.4 11,951 700019 LIVE ANIMALS FR FOOD NES 67 - 19,553 6 -100.0 -43.9 -56.1 0 -1000110 MEAT RESIDUAL - - 21 - - - - 0 -0111 BOVINE MEAT FRESH,FROZEN 460,862 631,579 6,361,133 14,110,259 2.3 5.9 -3.6 -390,705 -130112 MUTTON ETC FRSH,CHLD,FRN 577,506 819,529 1,093,830 2,067,639 2.5 4.7 -2.1 -272,116 60113 PIG MEAT FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 492 232 2,868,498 8,965,394 -5.2 8.5 -13.7 -1,306 -790114 POULTRY FRESH CHLD,FRZN 992 249 1,415,259 7,601,740 -9.4 12.8 -22.2 -5,079 -930115 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 23 1,383 187,074 339,053 34.0 4.3 29.7 1,341 45970116 EDIBLE OFFAL FRESH,CH,FR 44,339 47,040 673,945 1,555,263 0.4 6.2 -5.7 -55,281 -350118 MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 10,161 78,594 271,523 664,620 15.7 6.6 9.1 53,722 3470121 PIG MEAT DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 175 24 825,044 1,499,176 -13.2 4.4 -17.6 -294 -890129 MEAT NES DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 501 181 110,355 50,278 -7.0 -5.5 -1.6 -47 120130 MEAT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 240 - - - - 0 -0133 MEAT EXTRACTS AND JUICES 418 1,787 55,280 99,028 10.9 4.3 6.7 1,038 2380134 SAUSAGES INCL TINNED 681 205 317,406 1,244,886 -8.2 10.3 -18.5 -2,466 -890138 MEAT PREPD,PRESVD NES 7,965 25,256 1,704,729 4,154,974 8.6 6.6 2.0 5,843 840220 MILK AND CREAM RESIDUAL - - 221,970 - - - - 0 -0221 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 4,682 25,571 932,779 2,003,005 12.9 5.6 7.3 15,517 2600222 MILK AND CREAM DRY 272,087 868,958 2,419,386 5,817,753 8.6 6.5 2.2 214,687 880223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 7,793 74,370 808,318 4,443,745 17.5 12.9 4.5 31,528 146

Page 68: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 64

0230 BUTTER 331,352 514,457 2,104,838 2,968,934 3.2 2.5 0.7 47,076 560240 CHEESE AND CURD 131,735 509,752 3,839,124 10,385,868 10.1 7.4 2.8 153,373 1020250 EGGS 4,096 3,351 730,171 1,356,987 -1.4 4.5 -5.9 -4,261 -380310 FISH RESIDUAL - - 19,161 - - - - 0 -0311 FISH FRESH,CHILLED,FROZN 151,706 461,991 5,296,662 19,162,879 8.3 9.6 -1.3 -86,869 190312 FISH SALTED,DRIED,SMOKED 1,210 6,579 913,903 2,451,947 12.9 7.3 5.6 3,333 1870313 SHELL FISH FRESH,FROZEN 99,883 173,533 4,275,890 13,499,148 4.0 8.6 -4.5 -141,801 -220320 FISH ETC TINNED,PREPARED 14,703 48,231 2,752,264 8,794,339 8.9 8.7 0.2 1,250 450410 WHEAT ETC UNMILLED 75 4 12,818,225 13,904,901 -18.9 0.6 -19.5 -77 -930420 RICE RESIDUAL - - 25 - - - - 0 -0421 RICE IN HUSK OR HUSKED - - 268,730 862,404 - 8.7 - 0 -0422 RICE GLAZED OR POLISHED - 46 2,492,022 5,773,319 - 6.2 - 46 -0430 BARLEY UNMILLED 18,476 12 2,519,838 2,283,572 -40.8 -0.7 -40.1 -16,732 -1000440 MAIZE UNMILLED 4,259 685 7,780,543 8,699,324 -12.2 0.8 -13.0 -4,077 -800451 RYE UNMILLED 5 - 104,740 184,244 -100.0 4.1 -104.1 -9 -1000452 OATS UNMILLED 30 47 163,924 246,795 3.3 3.0 0.3 2 470459 OTHER CEREALS UNMILLED 8 52 1,331,762 873,222 14.3 -3.0 17.3 47 13030460 WHEAT ETC MEAL OR FLOUR 95 198 1,233,693 1,771,308 5.4 2.6 2.8 62 1050470 MEAL AND FLOUR NON-WHEAT 13,311 2,550 249,200 432,311 -11.1 4.0 -15.1 -20,542 -840481 PREPD BREAKFAST FOOD ETC 330 3,586 404,157 1,983,444 18.6 12.0 6.5 1,966 2130482 MALT INCLUDING FLOUR 3,557 1,868 560,834 1,265,368 -4.5 6.0 -10.5 -6,157 -670483 MACARONI,SPAGHETTI ETC 604 4,574 333,719 2,475,862 15.6 15.4 0.2 93 440484 BREAD,BISCUIT,CAKE,ETC 9,258 21,530 1,632,928 8,073,440 6.2 12.1 -5.9 -24,243 -330488 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 2,082 32,732 443,762 3,985,208 21.7 17.0 4.8 14,035 1480510 FRUIT RESIDUAL - - 1,889 - - - - 0 -0511 ORANGES,TANGERINES ETC 163 4,425 1,378,141 3,261,277 26.6 6.3 20.2 4,039 15240512 LEMONS,GRAPEFRUIT ETC 1,302 1,268 613,284 1,316,801 -0.2 5.6 -5.8 -1,528 -360513 BANANAS,PLANTAINS FRESH - - 1,368,016 4,662,808 - 9.2 - 0 -0514 APPLES FRESH 53,992 273,574 870,527 2,531,700 12.3 7.9 4.4 116,552 1470515 GRAPES FRESH 378 165 678,097 2,160,100 -5.7 8.6 -14.4 -1,039 -810517 NUTS EDIBLE FRESH OR DRY 43 393 1,705,478 4,317,186 17.1 6.9 10.3 284 4110519 FRESH FRUIT NES 131,618 292,861 1,831,274 7,161,290 5.9 10.2 -4.4 -221,838 -190520 DRIED FRUIT 639 514 719,126 1,623,782 -1.5 6.0 -7.5 -929 -500530 FRUIT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 8 - - - - 0 -0532 FRUIT PRESERVED BY SUGAR 228 61 68,558 200,972 -9.0 8.0 -17.0 -607 -870533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 901 8,519 237,749 804,011 17.4 9.1 8.3 5,472 2960535 FRUIT OR VEGETABLE JUICE 7,241 15,305 2,150,883 6,438,366 5.5 8.1 -2.7 -6,370 00536 FRUIT TEMPORARILY PRESVD 8,764 6,725 326,184 1,350,118 -1.9 10.7 -12.6 -29,550 -74

Page 69: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 65

0539 FRUIT NUTS NES PRESERVED 8,499 8,417 1,337,772 3,854,836 -0.1 7.9 -7.9 -16,073 -510540 RAW VEGETABLES RESIDUAL - - 93 - - - - 0 -0541 POTATOES FRSH EXCL SWEET 2,535 9,737 549,611 1,806,003 10.1 8.9 1.2 1,407 650542 LEGUMINOUS VEGTBLES DRY 18,089 15,109 1,200,467 2,380,636 -1.3 5.0 -6.3 -20,763 -400544 TOMATOES FRESH 113 708 898,275 2,862,955 14.0 8.6 5.4 348 1780545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 19,086 113,330 2,266,906 9,192,553 13.6 10.5 3.1 35,934 1070546 VEGETABLES SIMPLY PRESVD 20,790 51,557 750,501 6,482,830 6.7 16.7 -9.9 -128,027 -590548 EDIBLE VEG NES FRSH,DRY 504 3,033 913,820 967,155 13.7 0.4 13.3 2,500 7050551 VEG DRIED EXCL LEGUMES 1,125 5,208 322,857 983,139 11.6 8.3 3.3 1,782 1150554 FLOUR ETC OF FRUIT,VEG 107 25 134,889 404,832 -9.9 8.2 -18.0 -296 -890555 VEGTBLES PRSVD,PREPD NES 6,874 10,077 2,041,021 4,734,290 2.8 6.2 -3.4 -5,868 -110610 SUGAR RESIDUAL - - 123,175 - - - - 0 -0611 RAW BEET AND CANE SUGAR - 10 1,652,944 2,866,033 - 4.0 - 10 -0612 REFINED SUGAR ETC 1,523 6,194 1,671,481 4,832,383 10.5 7.9 2.7 1,791 990615 MOLASSES 13 67 236,222 256,239 12.4 0.6 11.8 53 5730616 NATURAL HONEY 3,095 5,392 142,662 424,709 4.0 8.1 -4.1 -3,822 -170619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 4,561 20,882 342,913 966,962 11.5 7.7 3.8 8,021 1300620 SUGAR PREPS NON-CHOCLATE 3,250 5,978 863,613 3,768,030 4.4 11.1 -6.6 -8,202 -400711 COFFEE GREEN,ROASTED,ETC 37 106 9,524,102 10,146,353 7.8 0.5 7.4 67 2810713 COFFEE ESSENCES,EXTRACTS 275 331 1,045,937 1,791,698 1.3 3.9 -2.6 -140 -10720 COCOA RESIDUAL - - 419 - - - - 0 -0721 COCOA BEANS RAW ROASTED - - 1,947,681 2,508,740 - 1.8 - 0 -0722 COCOA POWDER

UNSWEETENED 99 161 220,573 419,451 3.5 4.7 -1.2 -27 21

0723 COCOA BUTTER AND PASTE - - 1,666,373 2,063,735 - 1.5 - 0 -0730 CHOCOLATE AND PRODUCTS 16,092 36,337 1,873,725 6,984,728 6.0 9.9 -3.9 -23,650 -140740 TEA RESIDUAL - - 13,463 - - - - 0 -0741 TEA - 450 1,849,576 2,576,530 - 2.4 - 450 -0742 MATE - - 21,204 58,281 - 7.5 - 0 -0750 SPICES RESIDUAL - - 933 - - - - 0 -0751 PEPPER AND PIMIENTO - 49 567,812 1,286,792 - 6.0 - 49 -0752 SPICES,EXCL PEPPER,ETC 170 132 483,431 1,028,219 -1.8 5.5 -7.3 -230 -480811 HAY FODDER GREEN,DRY 90 429 475,385 1,116,618 11.8 6.3 5.5 218 1870812 BRAN,POLLARD,SHARPS,ETC 130 209 310,513 313,763 3.4 0.1 3.4 78 1250813 VEGETABLE OIL RESIDUES - 50 3,968,572 6,877,115 - 4.0 - 50 -0814 MEAT OR FISH MEAL FODDER 20,221 19,478 1,037,699 1,941,549 -0.3 4.6 -4.8 -18,356 -270819 FOOD WASTE AND FEED NES 35,985 17,102 2,662,570 8,416,957 -5.2 8.6 -13.7 -96,654 -790913 PIG,POULTRY FAT RENDERED 10 - 195,823 191,144 -100.0 -0.2 -99.8 -10 -1000914 MARGARINE,EDIBLE FAT NES 15,514 2,309 413,969 1,572,654 -12.7 10.0 -22.7 -56,628 -94

Page 70: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 66

0990 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 11,080 104,455 3,417,536 14,668,011 17.4 11.0 6.4 56,900 2111110 NON-ALC BEVERAGES NES 620 12,055 722,454 5,025,843 23.6 14.9 8.7 7,742 2961120 ALCOHOL RESIDUAL - - 8 - - - - 0 -1121 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 1,658 77,334 4,035,887 14,658,966 31.6 9.7 21.9 71,312 17181122 CIDER ETC 599 1,209 39,303 285,440 5.1 15.2 -10.1 -3,141 -611123 BEER,ALE,STOUT,PORTER 4,263 8,259 1,174,257 4,797,721 4.8 10.6 -5.7 -9,159 -331124 DISTILLED ALCOHOLIC BEVS 5,014 16,608 3,333,135 9,686,816 8.9 7.9 1.0 2,036 611210 TOBACCO UNMFD - 19 3,717,221 5,863,211 - 3.3 - 19 -1220 TOBACCO PRODUCTS

RESIDUAL - - 27 - - - - 0 -

1221 CIGARS,CHEROOTS 24 277 234,154 579,349 19.1 6.7 12.4 218 5601222 CIGARETTES 1,092 2,699 3,153,415 12,134,174 6.7 10.1 -3.4 -1,503 -91223 OTHER MFD TOBACCO 1,070 1,325 448,671 1,942,681 1.5 11.0 -9.5 -3,308 -602111 BOVINE,EQUINE HIDES 26,073 20,972 2,189,639 2,524,189 -1.5 1.0 -2.6 -9,085 -12112 CALF AND KIP SKINS 7,503 15,127 287,441 342,990 5.1 1.3 3.9 6,174 1392114 GOAT AND KID SKINS 173 218 65,115 15,901 1.7 -9.6 11.2 176 6302116 SHEEP SKIN COMMON W WOOL 4,408 2,625 285,763 191,142 -3.6 -2.8 -0.8 -323 262117 SHEEP SKIN WITHOUT WOOL 152,514 89,328 270,822 230,666 -3.7 -1.1 -2.6 -40,572 -32118 WASTE AND USED LEATHER 5 1 9,500 147,379 -10.9 21.6 -32.5 -77 -982119 HIDES AND SKINS NES 571 3,571 107,911 182,713 14.0 3.8 10.2 2,604 4232120 FUR SKINS UNDRESSED 5,858 81 1,239,692 898,927 -26.3 -2.3 -24.1 -4,167 -972210 NUTS RESIDUAL - - 17,871 - - - - 0 -2211 GROUNDNUTS GREEN 11 72 341,340 733,094 14.4 5.6 8.8 48 3312212 COPRA EXCL FLOUR,MEAL - - 85,481 26,649 - -8.0 - 0 -2213 PALM NUTS,KERNELS - - 29,008 16,673 - -3.9 - 0 -2214 SOYA BEANS,EXCL FLOUR - - 5,255,799 7,539,187 - 2.6 - 0 -2215 LINSEED,EXCL FLOUR,MEAL 31 34 182,633 216,805 0.7 1.2 -0.6 -3 312216 COTTON SEED,EXCL FLOUR - - 23,259 155,801 - 14.6 - 0 -2217 CASTOR OIL SEED - - 12,933 5,816 - -5.5 - 0 -2218 OIL SEEDS,NUTS,ETC NES 191 2,467 1,897,450 3,902,203 20.1 5.3 14.8 2,074 7892219 OIL SEED FLOUR AND MEAL 7 75 14,371 198,857 18.5 20.6 -2.2 -22 102311 NATURAL RUBBER,GUMS - 26 3,287,515 3,191,903 - -0.2 - 26 -2312 SYNTHETIC RUBBER ETC 538 46 3,068,946 4,889,013 -16.1 3.4 -19.5 -811 -922313 RECLAIMED RUBBER 3 - 18,933 40,992 -100.0 5.7 -105.7 -6 -1002314 SCRAP UNHARDENED RUBBER 5 9 32,402 81,764 4.3 6.8 -2.5 -4 12411 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 6 896 68,747 336,184 43.0 12.0 31.0 867 42232412 WOOD CHARCOAL - 1 60,211 174,754 - 7.9 - 1 -2421 PULPWOOD - - 239,413 1 - -58.7 - 0 -2422 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 21,277 288,880 1,553,539 3,708,786 20.5 6.4 14.1 238,085 705

Page 71: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 67

2423 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS NON-CON 6 227 1,688,998 2,568,094 29.6 3.0 26.6 218 34222429 POLES,PILING,POSTS,ETC 249 - 142,192 - -100.0 - - 0 -2431 RAILWAY SLEEPERS,TIES - 1 73,920 120,672 - 3.6 - 1 -2432 LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 59,075 377,144 6,563,541 17,361,997 14.2 7.2 7.0 220,878 2422433 LUMBER SHAPED NON-CONIFR 732 803 2,054,154 6,913,351 0.7 9.1 -8.4 -1,661 -542440 CORK RAW AND WASTE - - 42,638 176,622 - 10.7 - 0 -2510 PULP AND PAPER RESIDUAL - - 2 - - - - 0 -2511 WASTE PAPER 803 9,119 756,687 1,833,880 19.0 6.5 12.4 7,173 5632512 MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 53,357 42,294 334,826 274,097 -1.6 -1.4 -0.2 -1,385 372515 PULP NOT OF WOOD - - 116,154 349,277 - 8.2 - 0 -2516 CHEM WOOD PULP DISSOLVNG 176 - 568,450 1,019,199 -100.0 4.3 -104.3 -316 -1002517 SULPHATE WOOD PULP 49,048 157,130 5,522,943 11,806,519 8.7 5.6 3.1 52,279 1122518 SULPHITE WOOD PULP - 24 659,208 711,865 - 0.6 - 24 -2519 SEMI-CHEMICAL WOOD PULP - - 39,171 713,007 - 23.0 - 0 -2610 SILK RESIDUAL - - 416 - - - - 0 -2611 SILK WORM COCOONS - - 180 10,023 - 33.3 - 0 -2612 COCOON WASTE ETC - - 20,035 64,875 - 8.8 - 0 -2613 RAW SILK NOT THROWN - - 2,572 267,114 - 39.3 - 0 -2620 WOOL RESIDUAL - - 1,587 - - - - 0 -2621 WOOL GREASY,FLEECE-

WSHED 279,377 109,654 2,198,122 1,278,674 -6.5 -3.8 -2.7 -52,863 -4

2622 WOOL DEGREASED 417,137 271,975 1,028,449 795,951 -3.0 -1.8 -1.2 -50,861 192623 FINE HAIR UNCOMBED 559 698 195,730 136,464 1.6 -2.5 4.1 308 1542625 COARSE HAIR UNCOMBED 115 - 28,128 31,787 -100.0 0.9 -100.9 -130 -1002626 WOOL SHODDY 559 5 27,568 3,325 -28.6 -14.0 -14.6 -62 -902627 WOOL OR HAIR COMBED 1,611 6,328 209,868 509,969 10.3 6.5 3.7 2,413 1292628 WOOL TOPS 764 199 661,106 1,061,997 -9.2 3.4 -12.6 -1,028 -772629 WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 7 935 127,486 92,474 41.9 -2.3 44.1 930 259672630 COTTON RESIDUAL - - 559 - - - - 0 -2631 RAW COTTON,EXCL LINTERS - - 4,034,729 4,148,194 - 0.2 - 0 -2632 COTTON LINTERS - - 96,282 60,811 - -3.2 - 0 -2633 COTTON WASTE UNCOMBED 1 - 151,885 262,988 -100.0 4.0 -104.0 -2 -1002634 COTTON CARDED COMBED - - 7,765 173,724 - 24.9 - 0 -2640 JUTE - - 137,395 9,541 - -17.3 - 0 -2650 FIBRES RESIDUAL - - 5 - - - - 0 -2651 FLAX AND TOW AND WASTE 4 - 175,043 369,609 -100.0 5.5 -105.5 -8 -1002652 TRUE HEMP,TOW,WASTE - - 2,465 5,680 - 6.1 - 0 -2653 RAMIE AND NOILS AND WSTE - - 26,378 - - - - 0 -2654 AGAVE FIBRES AND WASTE - 24 49,136 35,693 - -2.3 - 24 -

Page 72: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 68

2655 MANILA FIBRE,TOW,WASTE - - 25,298 30,554 - 1.4 - 0 -2658 VEG TEXT FIBRE,WASTE,NES - - 37,093 49,470 - 2.1 - 0 -2660 SYNTHETICS RESIDUAL - - 73,530 - - - - 0 -2662 SYNTHETIC FIBRE TO SPIN 8 93 2,759,046 3,479,401 19.2 1.7 17.5 83 12052663 REGENERATD FIBRE TO SPIN 2 5 774,231 1,831,031 6.8 6.3 0.4 0 502664 WASTE OF SYN,RGNRTD FBRE 24 - 130,439 166,553 -100.0 1.8 -101.8 -31 -1002670 WASTE OF TEXTILE FABRICS 1,208 1,133 443,440 1,403,516 -0.5 8.6 -9.0 -2,690 -582710 NATURAL CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 1,619 - - - - 0 -

2711 ANIMAL,VEG FERTLZR,CRUDE 69 335 20,353 124,761 11.9 13.8 -1.9 -88 122712 NATURAL SODIUM NITRATE - 4 35,509 76,997 - 5.7 - 4 -2713 NATURAL PHOSPHATES NES - - 1,016,804 1,146,258 - 0.9 - 0 -2714 NTRL POTASSIC SALTS,CRDE - - 80,373 182,620 - 6.0 - 0 -2731 BLDG,DIMENSION STONE 14 30 381,940 1,297,973 5.6 9.1 -3.5 -18 -112732 CALCAREOUS STONE 57 263 213,892 590,872 11.5 7.5 4.0 106 1362733 SAND,EXCL METAL-BEARING 44 104 159,548 630,936 6.3 10.3 -4.0 -70 -152734 GRAVEL,CRUSHED STONE 128 1,318 230,981 982,453 18.1 10.9 7.2 774 2432740 SULPHUR AND PYRITES

RESIDUAL - - 535 - - - - 0 -

2741 SULPHUR - 232 1,850,554 443,886 - -9.7 - 232 -2742 IRON PYRITES UNROASTED - - 15,046 25,663 - 3.9 - 0 -2751 INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS - - 167,555 396,702 - 6.3 - 0 -2752 NATURAL ABRASIVES NES 10 68 280,605 545,812 14.7 4.9 9.8 49 3952761 NATURAL ASPHALT,BITUMEN 1 3 149,497 94,489 8.2 -3.2 11.4 2 5722762 REFRACTORY MINERALS NES 3,815 5,795 1,254,658 2,994,154 3.0 6.4 -3.4 -3,309 -102763 SALT 347 3,158 398,210 875,842 17.1 5.8 11.3 2,395 4862764 ASBESTOS CRDE,SMPLY WRKD - - 440,005 311,440 - -2.4 - 0 -2765 QUARTZ,MICA,FELSPAR,ETC 3 9 244,578 526,375 8.2 5.6 2.5 3 972766 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 62 3,228 204,280 261,377 32.6 1.8 30.8 3,149 56602769 MINERALS CRUDE NES 113 380 655,174 1,436,238 9.0 5.8 3.3 132 1172810 IRON RESIDUAL - - 240,557 - - - - 0 -2813 IRON ORE,ETC,EXCL PYRTES 19,415 16,226 4,994,293 7,552,842 -1.3 3.0 -4.3 -13,135 -222814 ROASTED IRON PYRITES - - 39,369 5,188 - -13.5 - 0 -2820 IRON AND STEEL SCRAP 1,378 9,352 2,852,002 5,509,498 14.7 4.8 9.8 6,690 3972830 METAL ORES RESIDUAL - - 455 - - - - 0 -2831 COPPER

ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 1,869,662 4,715,419 - 6.8 - 0 -

2832 NICKEL ORES,CONCENTRATES - - 830,876 1,161,994 - 2.4 - 0 -2833 BAUXITE,ETC - - 296,070 266,447 - -0.8 - 0 -

Page 73: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 69

2834 LEAD ORES,CONCENTRATES - 1 368,858 535,134 - 2.7 - 1 -2835 ZINC ORES,CONCENTRATES - 31 880,845 2,298,057 - 7.1 - 31 -2836 TIN ORES, CONCENTRATES - - 236,697 126,310 - -4.4 - 0 -2837 MANGANESE

ORE,CONCENTRTE - - 100,806 240,603 - 6.4 - 0 -

2839 NONFER ORE,CONCNTRTE NES - 30 1,240,405 1,663,422 - 2.1 - 30 -2840 NON-FERROUS METAL SCRAP 3,800 13,835 2,912,525 6,908,405 9.7 6.4 3.3 4,822 1172850 SILVER AND PLATINUM ORES 509 410 804,719 1,836,993 -1.5 6.1 -7.6 -752 -502860 URANIUM,THORIUM ORE,CONC - - 399,144 229,377 - -3.9 - 0 -2910 ANIMAL MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - 3 - - - - 0 -2911 BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 4,372 45,567 140,077 298,644 18.2 5.6 12.7 36,246 5922919 ANIMAL MATERIALS NES 49,839 104,288 879,577 2,718,422 5.4 8.4 -3.0 -49,744 -42920 PLANT PRODUCTS RESIDUAL - - 26 - - - - 0 -2921 PLANTS FR DYEING,TANNING - - 731 - - - - 0 -2922 NAT GUMS,RESINS,LACS,ETC 8 62 256,864 306,064 15.8 1.3 14.5 52 8212923 VEG PLAITING MATERIALS 1 - 133,533 106,828 -100.0 -1.6 -98.4 -1 -1002924 VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 1 2,310 480,844 903,689 73.9 4.6 69.3 2,308 1738932925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 8,270 35,506 797,342 2,347,120 11.0 8.0 3.0 11,162 1062926 LIVE PLANTS,BULBS,ETC 3,429 8,766 1,283,800 4,165,215 6.9 8.8 -1.8 -2,359 122927 CUT FLOWERS,FOLIAGE 6,173 31,308 1,250,902 4,553,549 12.3 9.7 2.6 8,837 972929 OTH CRUDE VEG MATERIALS 945 468 557,798 2,181,902 -4.9 10.2 -15.1 -3,228 -823214 COAL,EXCL BRIQUETTES 21,183 38,593 12,283,137 15,725,573 4.4 1.8 2.6 11,473 1013215 BRIQUETTES OF COAL - 3 103,657 26,424 - -9.3 - 3 -3216 LIGNITE AND BRIQUETTES - 2 84,388 114,501 - 2.2 - 2 -3217 PEAT AND BRIQUETTES 527 365 142,670 547,963 -2.6 10.1 -12.7 -1,659 -743218 COKE OF COAL,ETC - - 1,433,853 1,708,230 - 1.3 - 0 -3310 CRUDE PETROLEUM,ETC 62,609 169,046 117,552,877 181,827,141 7.4 3.2 4.2 72,204 1473320 FUELS RESIDUAL - - 681,075 - - - - 0 -3321 MOTOR SPIRIT,GASOLINE 13 34 20,522,492 21,599,182 7.1 0.4 6.7 20 2523322 WHITE SPIRIT,KEROSENE 3 1,026 8,581,083 8,964,073 51.7 0.3 51.4 1,023 462443323 DISTILLATE FUELS 26 1,897 14,493,891 17,201,143 35.9 1.2 34.6 1,866 86033324 RESIDUAL FUEL OILS 5,993 3,221 17,587,659 17,472,362 -4.3 0.0 -4.3 -2,733 -233325 LUBRICATING OILS,GREASES 1,092 7,275 3,721,835 14,110,583 14.5 10.0 4.5 3,135 1493326 MINERAL JELLY,WAX 25 200 313,518 1,031,723 16.0 8.9 7.1 118 2443329 NONCHEM COAL,PETR WASTES 295 823 2,705,129 2,711,142 7.6 0.0 7.6 527 2943411 GAS NATURAL 240 12,441 27,544,736 47,950,831 32.6 4.0 28.5 12,023 41153412 GAS MANUFACTURED - - 8,036 8,840 - 0.7 - 0 -3510 ELECTRIC ENERGY - - 2,610,475 7,972,826 - 8.3 - 0 -4110 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - 4 - - - - 0 -

Page 74: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 70

4111 OILS OF FISH,WHALES ETC 904 2,063 286,926 305,503 6.1 0.4 5.6 1,100 2034113 ANIMAL OIL ETC,EXCL LARD 57,384 42,251 1,143,503 1,102,328 -2.2 -0.3 -1.9 -13,067 84210 PLANT OILS RESIDUAL - - 8,304 - - - - 0 -4212 SOYA BEAN OIL 210 40 2,233,460 3,608,035 -11.2 3.5 -14.7 -299 -834213 COTTON SEED OIL - 10 236,350 76,232 - -7.8 - 10 -4214 GROUNDNUT,PEANUT OIL - 5 164,642 174,518 - 0.4 - 5 -4215 OLIVE OIL - 38 583,088 2,551,392 - 11.1 - 38 -4216 SUNFLOWER SEED OIL 4 12 942,359 2,029,332 8.2 5.6 2.5 3 974217 RAPE,COLZA,MUSTARD OILS - 1 786,276 1,591,325 - 5.2 - 1 -4220 SEED OIL RESIDUAL - - 5,012 - - - - 0 -4221 LINSEED OIL 1 122 138,130 133,088 40.9 -0.3 41.2 121 178244222 PALM OIL - 12 2,477,498 5,385,140 - 5.7 - 12 -4223 COCONUT (COPRA) OIL - 7 696,708 761,264 - 0.6 - 7 -4224 PALM KERNEL OIL - - 327,197 727,094 - 5.9 - 0 -4225 CASTOR OIL - 6 83,341 252,375 - 8.2 - 6 -4229 FIXED VEGETABLE OIL NES 771 203 495,183 996,777 -9.1 5.1 -14.2 -1,349 -814310 ANIMAL OILS RESIDUAL - - 39,104 - - - - 0 -4311 PROCESD ANML,VEG OIL NES 31 41 63,867 309,032 2.0 11.9 -9.9 -109 -614312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 14 33,032 561,190 1,720,336 74.1 8.3 65.8 32,989 1088534313 FATTY ACIDS ETC 51 1,119 707,215 1,301,528 24.7 4.5 20.2 1,025 15884314 ANIMAL,VEGETABLE WAXES 271 280 36,695 97,311 0.2 7.2 -7.0 -439 -455120 ORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 148,690 - - - - 0 -

5121 HYDROCARBONS ETC 34 148 9,873,082 16,386,017 11.1 3.7 7.4 92 2715122 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS,ETC 25,431 97,518 4,284,566 11,316,529 10.1 7.2 2.9 30,349 1065123 ETHERS,EPOXIDES,ACETALS 18 22 1,503,441 4,593,102 1.4 8.3 -6.9 -33 -435124 ALDEHYDE ETC FNCT CMPNDS 19 97 1,134,624 3,393,053 12.3 8.1 4.2 40 1425125 ORGANIC ACIDS,ETC 1,670 5,658 5,241,977 13,873,665 9.1 7.2 1.9 1,238 815126 INORGANIC ESTERS,ETC 1 3 506,734 963,055 8.2 4.7 3.5 1 1235127 NITROGEN-FNCTN

COMPOUNDS 40 621 6,913,796 31,184,016 21.6 11.4 10.3 441 387

5128 ORG-INORG COMPOUNDS ETC 40 384 6,167,029 29,005,727 17.5 11.7 5.8 196 1895129 OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2,243 2,865 756,786 3,022,365 1.8 10.4 -8.6 -6,093 -555130 INORGANIC CHEMICALS

RESIDUAL - - 6,326 - - - - 0 -

5131 GASES,EXCL HALOGENS 32 79 126,803 534,227 6.7 10.8 -4.2 -56 -175132 CHEMICAL ELEMENTS NES 18 176 1,889,681 3,484,804 17.7 4.5 13.2 143 6515133 INORGANIC ACIDS ETC 333 352 1,404,161 3,691,246 0.4 7.1 -6.8 -523 -435134 HALGN,SULPHR CMPD NONMET 1 - 28,861 247,104 -100.0 16.6 -116.6 -9 -100

Page 75: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 71

5135 METALLIC OXIDE FOR PAINT 3 102 583,160 1,946,769 28.6 9.0 19.7 92 13425136 INORGANIC BASES ETC NES 220 127 3,899,569 8,534,829 -3.8 5.8 -9.6 -355 -635140 INORGANIC CHEM PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 239,414 - - - - 0 -

5141 METAL CMPD OF INORG ACID 37 960 555,637 1,710,499 26.2 8.4 17.8 846 10935142 CONTINUATION OF 514.1 906 1,487 1,716,216 4,369,972 3.6 6.9 -3.3 -820 -95143 CONCLUSION OF 514.1 488 160 1,351,471 3,123,914 -7.7 6.2 -13.8 -968 -805149 INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 49 3,742 656,782 1,298,597 36.3 5.0 31.3 3,645 53685150 RADIOACTIVE PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 432,903 - - - - 0 -

5151 RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS ETC 2 121 2,277,488 3,740,075 34.1 3.6 30.4 118 51155152 STABLE ISOTOPES ETC - - 25,620 163,194 - 14.1 - 0 -5153 OTH CHEMS ASSOC RADIOACT - 3 995,765 326,692 - -7.7 - 3 -5210 PETROLEUM PRODS RESIDUAL - - 11 - - - - 0 -5211 MINERAL TAR 1 14 119,660 103,384 20.7 -1.0 21.8 13 21945214 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 80 36,391 1,710,189 3,420,984 54.8 5.1 49.8 36,231 320915310 SYNT DYE,NAT INDGO,LAKES 92 732 2,955,186 8,659,826 16.0 8.0 8.0 462 2845320 DYES AND TANNING RESIDUAL - - 1,061 - - - - 0 -5321 DYEING EXTRACTS 6 22 59,371 295,750 9.7 12.2 -2.4 -8 45323 SYNTHETIC TANNING PRODS 21 423 125,966 393,527 23.9 8.5 15.4 357 8135324 VEG TANNING EXTRACTS 30 17 104,648 154,176 -4.0 2.8 -6.8 -27 -465325 TANNIC ACID AND DERIVS - - 6 - - - - 0 -5330 PAINT AND INK RESIDUAL - - 46,836 - - - - 0 -5331 COLOURING MATERIAL NES 30 349 1,149,365 4,834,101 19.2 10.8 8.4 223 2925332 PRINTING INKS 753 7,851 362,896 3,425,318 18.2 17.4 0.8 744 565333 PREPARD PAINT,DRIERS ETC 4,638 6,679 3,067,295 13,324,652 2.6 11.1 -8.4 -13,469 -535410 PHARMACEUTICALS RESIDUAL - - 937,221 - - - - 0 -5411 VITAMINS,PROVITAMINS 418 3,857 852,062 3,381,667 17.2 10.3 6.9 2,198 2295413 ANTIBIOTICS 10 831 1,524,537 7,152,940 37.1 11.7 25.4 784 24075414 VEG ALKALOIDS AND DERIVS - - 464,843 995,529 - 5.6 - 0 -5415 HORMONES 3 1,649 613,582 3,231,088 56.9 12.6 44.3 1,633 146765416 GLYCOSIDES,GLANDS,SERA 10,758 27,349 1,110,994 10,061,511 6.9 17.0 -10.2 -70,079 -605417 MEDICAMENTS 9,687 33,151 9,350,026 72,966,582 9.2 15.8 -6.6 -42,445 -385419 PHARMACEUTICAL GOODS 2,756 1,293 1,009,954 5,829,916 -5.3 13.3 -18.6 -14,616 -885511 ESSENTIAL OILS,RESINOIDS 52 593 514,874 1,251,353 19.0 6.5 12.4 467 5645512 SYNTH PERFUME FLAVOR PRD 437 3,485 1,113,004 6,612,509 16.0 13.6 2.4 889 905530 PERFUME,COSMETICS,ETC 18,915 28,840 2,985,609 21,625,820 3.1 15.2 -12.1 -108,168 -705540 HOUSEHOLD CLEANING

RESIDUAL - - 33,162 - - - - 0 -

Page 76: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 72

5541 SOAPS 3,784 13,658 421,887 2,514,128 9.6 13.6 -4.0 -8,892 -145542 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 1,581 37,565 2,157,706 9,398,344 25.4 11.1 14.3 30,679 6725543 POLISHES ETC 229 768 254,119 767,928 9.0 8.2 0.8 76 575610 FERTILIZER RESIDUAL - - 1,349,222 - - - - 0 -5611 CHEM NITROGENOUS FERTLZR 4,937 4,719 2,280,367 3,486,173 -0.3 3.1 -3.4 -2,829 -115612 CHEM PHOSPHATIC FERTILZR 52 258 611,734 496,630 12.1 -1.5 13.6 216 7655613 CHEM POTASSIC FERTILIZER 22 654 1,161,320 3,337,488 27.4 7.8 19.6 591 13645619 FERTILIZERS NES 385 1,735 2,532,437 6,725,784 11.4 7.2 4.1 712 1405711 PREPARED EXPLOSIVES 339 989 301,939 326,807 7.9 0.6 7.4 622 2825712 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 5 797 92,067 306,285 43.7 9.0 34.7 780 66835713 PYROTECHNIC PRODUCTS 11 62 267,520 476,051 13.1 4.2 8.9 42 3485714 HUNTIN,SPORTIN AMMUNITN 78 101 316,807 637,375 1.9 5.1 -3.3 -56 -95810 PLASTIC MATERIALS RESIDUAL - - 480,762 - - - - 0 -5811 PROD OF CONDENSATION ETC 3,820 9,785 8,148,996 26,008,201 6.9 8.6 -1.7 -2,407 145812 PROD OF POLYMERIZING ETC 12,696 52,437 18,140,213 72,858,706 10.7 10.4 0.2 1,445 465813 CELLULOSE DERIVATIVS ETC 125 284 1,401,005 2,210,416 6.0 3.3 2.7 87 1045819 PLASTIC MATERIALS NES 219 11 739,354 582,691 -19.2 -1.7 -17.6 -162 -915990 CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS

RESIDUAL - - 24,182 - - - - 0 -

5992 PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 2,884 61,649 4,582,040 11,039,526 24.5 6.5 18.0 54,701 11565995 STARCH,INULIN,GLUTEN,ETC 143,294 452,392 1,778,375 8,014,407 8.6 11.4 -2.8 -193,375 -15996 CHEMICLS FROM WOOD,RESIN 1,375 6,403 334,223 1,035,881 11.6 8.4 3.2 2,141 1135997 ORGANIC CHEM PRODS NES 904 1,111 2,749,524 7,721,673 1.5 7.7 -6.2 -1,428 -385999 CHEM PRODS,PREPS NES 1,874 5,607 6,973,470 29,941,675 8.1 11.0 -2.8 -2,439 -16112 LEATHER ARTIFIC,RECONST 1 6 41,210 170,123 13.7 10.7 3.0 2 1066113 CALF LEATHER 8 569 390,425 732,204 35.6 4.6 31.0 554 52696114 LEATHR BOVINE NES,EQUINE 41,353 89,743 2,306,845 8,256,761 5.7 9.5 -3.8 -58,269 -146119 LEATHER NES 19,342 40,538 1,351,233 2,279,295 5.4 3.8 1.6 7,911 766121 LEATHER BELTING ETC 12 11 33,157 103,600 -0.6 8.5 -9.1 -26 -586122 HARNESS-MAKERS GOODS 506 1,101 68,106 382,482 5.7 13.1 -7.4 -1,741 -456123 PREPD PARTS OF FOOTWEAR 679 3,462 964,394 4,207,317 12.3 11.1 1.2 500 656129 LEATHER MANUFACTURES NES 206 165 146,886 892,803 -1.6 13.8 -15.3 -1,087 -816130 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 5,564 21,247 989,957 798,133 10.0 -1.5 11.6 16,761 5706210 MATERIALS OF RUBBER 1,581 3,375 1,724,478 7,091,988 5.6 10.6 -5.1 -3,127 -276290 RUBBER RESIDUAL - - 521,682 - - - - 0 -6291 RUBBER TYRES,TUBES 2,228 34,261 6,875,962 24,804,517 21.6 9.6 12.0 26,224 5036293 HYGIENIC UNHRDND RUBBER 207 116 204,457 519,409 -4.1 6.9 -10.9 -410 -696294 RUBBER BELTING 79 866 532,616 1,930,717 18.7 9.6 9.0 580 3286299 OTH RUBBER ARTICLES NES 2,081 10,604 1,456,249 7,801,601 12.3 12.7 -0.4 -545 35

Page 77: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 73

6311 VENEER SHEETS 1,161 3,529 668,596 2,276,923 8.3 9.1 -0.9 -425 266312 PLYWOOD 7,381 66,685 2,082,899 6,801,951 17.0 8.8 8.2 42,581 2926314 IMPROVED,RECONSTIT WOOD 4,083 23,159 997,268 4,943,924 13.2 12.1 1.1 2,918 626318 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED NES 33,796 22,424 738,315 1,668,034 -2.9 6.0 -8.9 -53,929 -586321 BOXES,CASES,CRATES 930 2,028 166,010 1,552,158 5.7 17.3 -11.6 -6,667 -676322 COOPERAGE PRODUCTS 29 236 32,439 336,432 16.2 18.2 -2.0 -65 116324 BUILDERS

WOODWRK,PREFABS 6,835 18,791 1,149,922 9,659,223 7.5 16.4 -8.9 -38,622 -54

6327 WOOD MFRS,DOMESTIC ETC 1,220 1,273 353,195 1,782,332 0.3 12.3 -12.0 -4,884 -716328 OTHER WOOD MANUFACTURES 1,465 2,170 854,353 2,715,365 2.8 8.6 -5.8 -2,486 -346330 CORK MANUFACTURES 2,748 2,956 263,134 1,193,014 0.5 11.4 -10.9 -9,503 -666410 PAPER PRODS RESIDUAL - - 5,898 - - - - 0 -6411 NEWSPRINT PAPER 17,683 86,960 5,772,423 8,842,600 12.0 3.1 9.0 59,872 3546412 OTHER PRINTING PAPER NES 3,244 2,736 6,413,456 18,933,322 -1.2 8.0 -9.2 -6,841 -606413 KRAFT PAPER,PAPERBOARD 24,561 42,222 2,511,898 6,964,630 3.9 7.6 -3.6 -25,877 -126414 CIGARETTE PAPER IN BULK - - 31 - - - - 0 -6415 PAPER ETC IN BULK NES 10,530 13,524 2,178,403 15,584,685 1.8 15.1 -13.3 -61,810 -756416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 6,140 110,616 302,892 2,998,080 22.9 17.8 5.1 49,841 1586417 HAND-MADE PAPERS - - 673 - - - - 0 -6419 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 4,242 65,845 4,782,527 17,447,115 21.6 9.7 12.0 50,370 5026421 PAPER ETC CONTAINERS 8,087 10,745 1,836,185 8,168,845 2.1 11.3 -9.2 -25,233 -586422 CORRESPONDENCE

STATIONRY 1,468 3,662 151,175 698,836 6.7 11.6 -4.8 -3,124 -24

6423 EXERCISE BOOKS ETC 3,433 6,077 514,448 1,976,913 4.2 10.1 -5.9 -7,115 -356429 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 4,308 29,774 3,245,373 12,272,921 14.8 10.0 4.8 13,483 1596510 YARN RESIDUAL - - 53,974 - - - - 0 -6511 SILK YARN AND THREAD 18 - 132,206 305,830 -100.0 6.2 -106.2 -42 -1006512 YARN OF WOOL,ANIMAL HAIR 45,906 50,603 1,413,082 2,075,716 0.7 2.8 -2.1 -16,830 66513 GREY COTTON YARN IN BULK - 168 2,299,752 6,513,363 - 7.7 - 168 -6514 COTTON YARN,BLCHD,DYED - - 194,026 - - - - 0 -6515 FLAX,RAMIE,TRU HEMP YARN - - 190,310 305,242 - 3.4 - 0 -6516 YARN OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES 836 616 5,950,165 14,014,177 -2.2 6.3 -8.5 -1,353 -566517 REGENERATED FIBRE YARN 183 456 1,158,011 1,549,833 6.7 2.1 4.6 211 1646518 YARN OF GLASS FIBRE 64 64 346,665 1,536,611 0.0 11.2 -11.2 -220 -686519 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 18 734 166,909 249,071 30.3 2.9 27.4 707 37686520 COTTON FABRICS RESIDUAL - - 165,433 - - - - 0 -6521 GREY WOVEN COTTON FABRIC 140 59 1,382,264 3,457,159 -6.0 6.8 -12.8 -291 -766522 WOVEN COTTON BLCHD,ETC 120 3,585 5,002,617 14,588,498 27.5 7.9 19.5 3,235 13506530 OTHER FABRICS RESIDUAL - - 71,836 - - - - 0 -

Page 78: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 74

6531 SILK FABRICS WOVEN 2 59 612,721 1,272,689 27.3 5.4 22.0 55 19106532 WOVEN WOOL FABRICS 2,989 4,837 1,811,126 4,459,356 3.5 6.6 -3.1 -2,523 -76533 LINEN,RAMIE,TR HEMP FABS 12 183 223,831 1,065,595 21.5 11.8 9.7 126 3536534 JUTE FABRICS,WOVEN - 3 321,771 75,363 - -9.8 - 3 -6535 WOVEN SYNTHETIC FABRICS 1,845 4,381 7,558,053 19,357,424 6.4 6.9 -0.6 -344 316536 WOVEN REGENERATED FABS 78 773 1,480,586 5,144,755 17.8 9.3 8.5 502 3046537 KNIT ETC FABRIC NONELAST 1,457 12,077 1,761,284 9,845,847 16.3 13.1 3.2 3,932 1106538 GLASS FIBRE WOVEN FABRIC 114 179 232,285 1,085,034 3.3 11.6 -8.4 -354 -526539 WOVEN FABRICS NES 28 77 84,336 241,127 7.5 7.8 -0.3 -3 366540 LACE,RIBBONS,TULLE,ETC 1,731 4,020 1,012,030 4,309,970 6.2 10.9 -4.7 -3,352 -236551 FELT AND ARTICLES NES 308 2,773 438,143 1,302,980 17.0 8.1 8.9 1,857 3296554 COATED ETC TEXTILES NES 799 1,044 2,349,288 11,700,581 1.9 12.2 -10.2 -2,935 -636555 ELASTIC FAB ETC NOT KNIT 174 - 93,770 - -100.0 - - 0 -6556 CORDAGE AND

MANUFACTURES 1,961 5,848 551,472 1,286,397 8.1 6.2 1.9 1,274 81

6557 HAT BODIES - - 10,137 43,946 - 11.0 - 0 -6558 TEXTILES FOR MACHINERY 171 994 856,922 3,100,923 13.4 9.6 3.8 375 1276559 SPECL TEXTILE PRODS NES 36 96 98,740 268,456 7.3 7.4 -0.1 -2 396560 TEXTILE PRODS RESIDUAL - - 4,340 - - - - 0 -6561 BAGS,SACKS OF TEXTILES 77 260 577,058 1,181,069 9.1 5.2 3.8 102 1346562 MADE-UP CANVAS GOODS 3,914 3,460 331,548 1,054,076 -0.9 8.6 -9.5 -8,984 -616566 BLANKETS,COVERLETS ETC 7,015 4,222 250,063 956,467 -3.6 10.1 -13.6 -22,610 -786569 OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS 6,808 5,983 1,991,136 9,495,855 -0.9 11.8 -12.7 -26,485 -746570 FLOOR COVERINGS RES - - 35,509 - - - - 0 -6574 LINOLEUM ETC 18 134 148,970 137,144 15.4 -0.6 16.0 117 10456575 CARPETS ETC KNOTTED 1,090 475 631,784 1,930,051 -5.8 8.3 -14.1 -2,855 -806576 CARPETS ETC UNKNOTTED 52,583 48,861 2,334,613 6,349,796 -0.5 7.4 -7.9 -94,157 -526577 TAPESTRIES 4 2 117,991 37,262 -4.8 -7.9 3.1 1 1246578 MATS,SCREENS,ETC PLAITED 9 14 65,045 228,802 3.2 9.4 -6.2 -18 -376610 BUILDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - 22,881 - - - - 0 -6611 LIME 56 4,776 100,604 199,783 37.4 5.0 32.4 4,665 59796612 CEMENT 7,780 5,701 1,814,941 4,087,685 -2.2 6.0 -8.2 -11,821 -546613 BUILDING STONE ETC WORKD 62 479 1,122,534 4,776,563 15.7 10.9 4.8 215 1576618 MNRL BLDG PRD UNFIRD NES 1,088 653 451,997 1,347,789 -3.6 8.1 -11.7 -2,591 -726623 REFRACTORY BUILDING PROD 174 99 1,224,050 2,415,806 -3.9 5.0 -8.9 -244 -596624 BRICK ETC NONREFRACTORY 321 394 1,933,548 7,785,545 1.5 10.5 -9.0 -899 -576630 MINERAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 79,179 - - - - 0 -6631 GRINDING STONES ETC 69 267 473,969 1,574,137 10.1 9.0 1.2 38 656632 ABRASIVE CLOTHS ETC 312 3,019 411,096 1,754,871 17.6 10.9 6.7 1,687 221

Page 79: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 75

6634 WORKED MICA ETC - - 48,423 117,929 - 6.6 - 0 -6635 MINRL INSULATNG PROD NES 174 205 411,666 1,358,108 1.2 8.9 -7.7 -369 -496636 MINRL MFS NES NONCERAMIC 2,829 2,009 1,119,495 4,365,734 -2.4 10.2 -12.6 -9,023 -746637 REFRACTORY WARE NONBLDG 42 76 326,981 941,098 4.3 7.8 -3.5 -45 -116638 ASBESTOS,FRICTION PRODS 40 106 577,734 931,713 7.2 3.5 3.7 41 1336639 CERAMIC ARTICLES NES 42 554 361,420 2,135,004 20.2 13.5 6.7 306 2166641 GLASS NONOPTICAL,PLAIN - 162 243,557 929,284 - 10.0 - 162 -6642 OPTICAL GLASS UNWRKD ETC - 107 169,316 2,432,686 - 21.0 - 107 -6643 DRAWN,BLOWN GLASS

UNWRKD 3,207 6 141,970 153,067 -36.2 0.5 -36.7 -3,452 -100

6644 GLASS SURFACE-GROUND ETC 94 580 741,166 2,393,370 13.9 8.7 5.1 276 1706645 CAST,ROLLED GLASS UNWRKD 117 29 74,397 314,371 -9.5 10.8 -20.3 -465 -926646 GLASS CONSTRUCTION PRODS 40 - 42,008 - -100.0 - - 0 -6647 SAFETY GLASS 1,205 12,879 667,565 3,963,001 18.4 13.6 4.9 5,726 1556648 SHEET GLASS METAL-COATED 336 360 340,097 1,423,470 0.5 10.8 -10.3 -1,046 -646649 GLASS NES 1,199 1,303 1,274,987 5,605,430 0.6 11.2 -10.6 -3,968 -656651 BOTTLES ETC OF GLASS 4,972 1,758 885,563 2,890,078 -7.2 8.8 -16.0 -14,468 -856652 HOUSEHLD,HOTEL ETC GLASS 2,011 410 1,419,484 4,468,252 -10.7 8.5 -19.3 -5,920 -916658 GLASS ARTICLES NES 135 205 570,609 2,034,387 3.0 9.5 -6.5 -276 -406660 ORNAMENTS RESIDUAL - - 28,780 - - - - 0 -6664 PORCELN,CHINA HOUSE WARE 35 147 679,104 2,240,724 10.8 8.9 1.9 32 806665 COARSE CERAMIC

HOUSEWARE 1,882 314 582,052 1,127,343 -12.0 4.8 -16.8 -3,331 -88

6666 CERAMIC ORNAMENTS ETC 44 392 560,741 1,546,397 16.9 7.5 9.4 271 3576671 PEARLS UNSET,UNSTRUNG - 507 140,910 1,217,343 - 16.7 - 507 -6672 DIAMONDS NONINDUST,UNSET - 577 9,171,085 36,215,746 - 10.3 - 577 -6673 PREC-,SEMI-PR STONES NES 87 1,182 807,200 1,502,576 20.5 4.5 15.9 1,020 9336674 SYNTH PREC-,SEMI-P STONE - - 135,084 467,086 - 9.3 - 0 -6710 FERRO-ALLOYS RESIDUAL - - 101,703 - - - - 0 -6711 SPIEGELEISEN - - 34 - - - - 0 -6712 PIG IRON,INCL CAST IRON - - 706,812 1,127,547 - 3.4 - 0 -6713 IRON,STL POWDER,SHOT,ETC - 5 274,996 857,615 - 8.5 - 5 -6714 FERRO-MANGANESE - - 275,289 582,054 - 5.5 - 0 -6715 OTHER FERRO-ALLOYS - 6 1,981,483 4,573,732 - 6.2 - 6 -6720 IRONS AND STEEL PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 11,326 - - - - 0 -

6721 IRN,STL BLOCKS,LUMPS,ETC - - 2,167 148,874 - 35.3 - 0 -6723 INGOTS OF IRON OR STEEL - 536 152,805 289,036 - 4.7 - 536 -6725 IRN,STL BLOOMS,SLABS,ETC 5,542 2,557 2,926,325 7,950,357 -5.4 7.4 -12.8 -12,500 -76

Page 80: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 76

6727 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 2 40,674 4,288,244 11,988,367 103.1 7.6 95.5 40,668 10296726731 IRON,STEEL WIRE ROD 5,287 1,419 2,761,848 5,136,214 -9.0 4.5 -13.5 -8,413 -806732 IRON,STEEL BARS ETC 3,509 2,885 6,585,973 8,961,860 -1.4 2.2 -3.6 -1,890 -146734 IRN,STL BIG SECTIONS ETC 479 607 3,038,616 5,256,545 1.7 4.0 -2.3 -222 46735 IRN,STL SMALL SECTNS ETC 4 131 105,848 514,981 28.3 12.0 16.3 112 8536740 IRON AND STEEL PLATES

RESIDUAL - - 269,939 - - - - 0 -

6741 IRN,STL HEAVY PLATE ETC 175 2,865 3,354,539 6,329,716 22.1 4.6 17.5 2,535 11286742 IRN,STL MEDIUM PLATE ETC 7 1,801 921,213 3,779,583 48.7 10.6 38.0 1,772 87776743 IRN,STL THIN UNCOATED 25,837 21,756 7,724,192 14,346,297 -1.2 4.5 -5.7 -26,232 -366747 TINNED PLATES,SHEETS - 148 1,627,710 3,025,687 - 4.5 - 148 -6748 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 212 51,103 4,477,560 14,888,180 48.0 9.0 39.0 50,398 101626750 IRON,STEEL HOOP,STRIP 87 - 2,428,287 - -100.0 - - 0 -6761 RAILWAY RAILS IRN,STL - - 444,815 805,488 - 4.3 - 0 -6762 RY TRACK EQU NES IRN,STL - 61 178,121 365,402 - 5.3 - 61 -6770 IRN,STL WIRE EXCL W ROD 4,815 4,476 1,603,310 3,393,673 -0.5 5.5 -6.0 -5,716 -386780 METAL PIPES RESIDUAL - - 14,694 - - - - 0 -6781 CAST IRON TUBES,PIPES 14 236 392,525 529,222 22.4 2.2 20.2 217 16706782 IRN,STL TUBE SEAMLES NES 404 2,337 6,008,095 6,137,183 13.4 0.2 13.2 1,924 7026783 IRON,STL TUBE,PIPE NES 2,138 5,972 4,617,841 8,751,473 7.6 4.7 2.9 1,920 1096784 STL HIGHPRESSURE CONDUIT 4 - 887,965 - -100.0 - - 0 -6785 IRON,STEEL TUBE FITTINGS 3,246 6,213 1,723,880 5,007,844 4.7 7.9 -3.2 -3,217 -76790 CASTINGS RESIDUAL - - 35,959 - - - - 0 -6791 IRON CASTINGS ROUGH 29 3,827 331,668 2,754,552 41.7 16.3 25.4 3,586 21496792 STEEL CASTINGS ROUGH 238 - 137,253 - -100.0 - - 0 -6793 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 50 6,614 296,673 1,610,109 41.8 12.8 28.9 6,343 33506811 SILVER UNWKD,PARTLY WRKD 748 478 1,819,409 3,276,514 -3.1 4.3 -7.4 -869 -506812 METALS OF PLATINUM GROUP - 26 1,154,787 6,780,207 - 13.5 - 26 -6821 COPPER,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 44 178 3,814,362 11,803,634 10.5 8.4 2.1 42 856822 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 7,148 51,733 4,599,766 13,813,499 15.2 8.2 7.0 30,267 2416831 NICKEL,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - - 1,059,166 3,719,053 - 9.4 - 0 -6832 NICKEL,ALLOYS WORKED - 14 564,859 1,439,468 - 6.9 - 14 -6841 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS,UNWRGHT 243,605 406,410 6,777,945 18,250,644 3.7 7.3 -3.6 -249,533 -126842 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 15,957 55,231 6,494,143 22,113,186 9.3 9.1 0.1 896 446851 LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 9 5,134 641,779 1,326,044 57.4 5.3 52.0 5,115 389826852 LEAD,ALLOYS WORKED 107 1,263 70,145 155,688 19.3 5.9 13.4 1,026 6536861 ZINC,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - 1 1,730,446 4,151,531 - 6.5 - 1 -6862 ZINC,ALLOYS WORKED 8 592 198,447 546,925 36.0 7.5 28.5 570 37016871 TIN,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT - - 1,850,343 1,266,579 - -2.7 - 0 -

Page 81: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 77

6872 TIN,ALLOYS WORKED 209 57 216,467 211,787 -8.9 -0.2 -8.7 -147 -616880 URANIUM,THORIUM,ALLOYS - - 1,020 12,012 - 19.3 - 0 -6890 BASE METALS RESIDUAL - - 31,519 - - - - 0 -6893 MAGNESIUM,BERYLLIUM - 10 377,191 863,936 - 6.1 - 10 -6894 TUNGSTEN,MOLYBD,TANTALUM - 6 299,056 1,090,002 - 9.7 - 6 -6895 BASE METALS NES - 105 933,910 3,307,373 - 9.5 - 105 -6910 STRUCTURES RESIDUAL - - 8 - - - - 0 -6911 STRUCTURES,PARTS IRN,STL 6,081 7,320 4,914,163 10,330,488 1.3 5.5 -4.1 -5,463 -196912 STRUCTURES,PARTS ALUMNM 5,730 15,211 969,657 3,224,415 7.2 9.0 -1.7 -3,843 136921 MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 552 5,643 471,508 1,417,995 18.1 8.2 9.9 3,983 3816922 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 1,616 27,567 1,239,808 4,280,208 22.5 9.3 13.2 21,988 5996923 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS 62 1,344 359,004 1,043,471 24.6 7.9 16.7 1,164 9566931 WIRE ROPES ETC 967 1,772 1,235,124 2,925,814 4.4 6.4 -1.9 -519 106932 IRON,STEEL FENCING WIRE 58 231 74,063 83,843 10.4 0.9 9.5 165 3986933 WIRE FENCING,GAUZE,ETC 1,341 1,043 642,386 1,688,282 -1.8 7.1 -8.9 -2,481 -586934 EXPANDED METAL - - 152 - - - - 0 -6940 FASTENERS RESIDUAL - - 208,477 - - - - 0 -6941 STL,COPPER NAILS ETC 2,167 620 372,476 915,517 -8.6 6.6 -15.2 -4,706 -846942 STL,COPPR NUTS,BOLTS,ETC 1,967 1,580 2,070,907 8,732,816 -1.6 10.8 -12.4 -6,715 -736950 TOOLS RESIDUAL - - 3,620 - - - - 0 -6951 HAND TOOLS,AGRIC FOREST 276 512 153,329 502,404 4.5 8.8 -4.3 -392 -206952 TOOLS NES 10,527 38,219 5,420,777 17,316,589 9.6 8.6 1.0 4,591 616960 CUTLERY 1,968 1,519 1,234,117 4,343,650 -1.8 9.4 -11.2 -5,408 -696971 DOMESTC STOVES,OVENS,ETC 22,135 8,144 744,058 2,629,250 -6.9 9.4 -16.3 -70,074 -856972 BASE MTL DOMESTC UTENSLS 3,212 4,902 1,170,542 4,920,099 3.1 10.8 -7.7 -8,599 -496979 BASE MTL HOUSE EQUIP NES 81 96 267,700 687,635 1.2 7.0 -5.7 -112 -356980 BASE METAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 3 - - - - 0 -6981 LOCKSMITHS WARES 5,418 17,092 2,373,712 12,761,587 8.6 12.8 -4.2 -12,036 -176982 BASE METAL SAFES ETC 423 162 110,807 413,734 -6.6 9.9 -16.5 -1,417 -856983 IRON,STL CHAIN AND PARTS 204 207 608,591 1,567,886 0.1 7.0 -6.9 -319 -446984 IRON,STEEL ANCHORS,PARTS 11 62 27,004 89,929 13.1 9.0 4.2 25 1406985 PINS,ETC HOOKS,EYES,ETC 795 417 354,167 1,159,872 -4.5 8.8 -13.3 -2,187 -776986 SPRINGS AND LEAVES 275 6,519 480,661 2,618,274 25.4 12.9 12.5 5,021 5166988 MISC BASE METAL PRODUCTS 820 3,326 1,033,260 3,916,097 10.5 10.0 0.5 218 516989 OTH BASE MTL MANUFACTURS 22,494 30,406 4,425,117 17,998,550 2.2 10.5 -8.4 -61,085 -537110 ENGINES RESIDUAL - - 124,067 - - - - 0 -7111 STEAM BOILERS 305 2,018 966,864 1,921,580 14.5 5.0 9.4 1,412 3717112 BOILER HOUSE PLANT NES 15 98 287,079 759,777 14.3 7.2 7.1 58 249

Page 82: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 78

7113 STEAM ENGINES,TURBINES 3 3,680 1,269,404 2,357,209 66.2 4.5 61.7 3,674 934117114 AIRCRAFT ENGINES INC JET 64 12,483 6,218,774 33,706,765 45.7 12.8 32.9 12,136 49947115 PISTON ENGINES NON-AIR 922 8,052 17,382,933 63,827,769 16.7 9.7 7.0 4,667 2377116 GAS TURBINES NON-AIRCRFT 441 4,985 3,443,256 11,879,277 18.9 9.2 9.7 3,464 3647117 NUCLEAR REACTORS - - 1,242,755 2,061,329 - 3.7 - 0 -7118 ENGINES NES 1,452 1,877 795,075 3,044,490 1.9 10.1 -8.2 -3,683 -527120 AG MACHINERY RESIDUAL - - 141,039 - - - - 0 -7121 CULTIVATING MACHINERY 3,666 6,839 944,077 1,924,578 4.6 5.2 -0.7 -634 307122 HARVESTING ETC MACHINES 8,270 21,644 2,657,623 6,346,228 7.1 6.4 0.7 1,896 557123 DAIRY-FARM EQUIPMENT 6,235 11,173 303,394 775,116 4.3 6.9 -2.7 -4,756 -17125 TRACTORS NON-ROAD 295 1,914 4,085,274 8,061,149 14.3 5.0 9.3 1,332 3657129 AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 1,452 5,379 515,508 1,829,784 9.8 9.5 0.3 225 487140 OFFICE MACHINES RESIDUAL - - 1,361,590 - - - - 0 -7141 TYPEWRITERS,CHEQUE-

WRTRS - 7 1,427,406 222,316 - -12.4 - 7 -

7142 ACCTING MACHS,COMPUTERS 7 421 1,470,661 2,541,532 34.0 4.0 30.0 409 48267143 STATISTICAL MACHINES 584 19,690 24,138,551 158,394,528 28.6 14.4 14.2 15,858 6277149 OFFICE MACHINES NES 1,131 53,387 19,311,004 110,590,321 31.7 13.3 18.4 46,910 10677150 METALWORKING MACH

RESIDUAL - - 28 - - - - 0 -

7151 MACHINE TOOLS FOR METAL 4,496 16,068 7,712,062 20,049,763 9.5 7.1 2.5 4,379 957152 METALWORKING MACHNRY

NES 239 964 1,558,768 3,651,460 10.5 6.3 4.2 404 144

7171 TEXTILE MACHINERY 2,657 22,012 6,757,612 13,544,020 16.3 5.1 11.2 16,687 4857172 SKIN,LEATHER WORKNG MACH 67 132 367,328 634,582 5.0 4.0 1.0 16 617173 SEWING MACHINES 90 682 1,408,796 2,950,581 15.6 5.4 10.1 494 4127181 PAPER ETC MILL MACHINERY 473 5,716 2,482,516 6,369,986 19.5 7.0 12.5 4,502 5677182 PRINTING,BINDING MACHNRY 490 6,813 3,840,993 13,780,008 20.7 9.6 11.1 5,055 4497183 FOOD MACHRY NON-DOMESTIC 2,269 12,685 1,936,446 5,482,817 13.1 7.7 5.4 6,261 1807184 CONST,MINING MACHNRY NES 1,820 15,512 12,378,374 23,133,299 16.5 4.6 12.0 12,111 5467185 CRUSHING ETC,GLASS MACH 4,222 11,114 2,186,388 6,257,456 7.2 7.8 -0.6 -969 307190 MACHINE PARTS RES - - 201,088 - - - - 0 -7191 HEATING,COOLING,EQUIPMNT 11,738 68,067 9,244,215 35,720,192 13.4 10.1 3.2 22,711 1127192 PUMPS,CENTRIFUGES 9,624 38,170 12,720,037 54,161,287 10.3 10.9 -0.6 -2,809 327193 MECHANICAL HANDLING EQU 13,721 26,561 8,942,023 34,309,864 4.8 10.1 -5.3 -26,085 -297194 DOMESTIC APPLI NONELECTR 133 20 277,700 137,135 -12.7 -4.9 -7.7 -46 -577195 POWERED-TOOLS NES 2,075 7,909 5,083,685 16,863,166 10.0 8.9 1.1 1,026 637196 NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 4,385 56,440 5,994,933 21,175,337 20.0 9.4 10.6 40,951 4167197 BALL,ROLLER,ETC BEARINGS 78 537 3,175,971 11,163,135 14.8 9.4 5.4 263 177

Page 83: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 79

7198 OTH MACHINES NONELECTRIC 8,661 26,465 11,733,864 47,997,061 8.3 10.6 -2.3 -8,963 67199 MACHINE PARTS,ACCESR NES 13,254 23,337 11,563,502 49,143,915 4.1 10.9 -6.8 -32,991 -417220 ELECTRIC MACHY RESIDUAL - - 477,844 - - - - 0 -7221 ELECTRIC POWER MACHINERY 2,353 42,331 9,150,033 52,063,529 22.9 13.2 9.7 28,942 3487222 SWITCHGEAR ETC 13,318 85,614 14,479,523 74,303,277 14.2 12.4 1.8 17,271 777231 INSULATED WIRE,CABLE 3,278 29,635 4,979,375 29,774,182 17.0 13.6 3.4 10,034 1147232 ELECTRC INSULATING EQUIP 2,097 4,611 647,180 3,031,814 5.8 11.7 -5.9 -5,213 -347240 TELECOMMS EQUIP RESIDUAL - - 149,256 - - - - 0 -7241 TELEVISION RECEIVERS 819 540 5,822,681 21,669,644 -2.9 9.8 -12.8 -2,508 -757242 RADIO BROADCAST RECEIVRS 13 1,150 5,487,884 14,049,089 37.7 6.9 30.8 1,117 47927249 TELECOMM EQUIPMENT NES 13,992 111,586 22,060,387 147,720,122 16.0 14.5 1.4 17,893 697250 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC EQUIP 31,216 85,923 8,455,769 30,557,866 7.5 9.6 -2.1 -26,887 87261 ELECTRO-MEDICAL EQUIPMNT 905 3,175 1,810,207 7,021,762 9.4 10.2 -0.8 -335 287262 X-RAY APPARATUS 47 1,071 2,016,945 6,633,720 25.0 8.9 16.1 916 8817290 ELECTRICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 586,983 - - - - 0 -7291 BATTERIES,ACCUMULATORS 1,741 6,179 2,387,786 14,173,905 9.5 13.6 -4.1 -4,156 -157292 ELECTRIC LAMPS,BULBS 763 2,658 1,558,200 6,976,955 9.3 11.3 -2.0 -758 107293 TRANSISTORS,VALVES,ETC 101 13,935 20,513,305 209,084,269 42.2 18.0 24.1 12,906 18167294 AUTOMOTIVE ELECTR EQUIP 1,144 4,971 2,921,444 13,726,622 11.1 11.7 -0.6 -404 317295 ELEC MEASURNG,CONTRL EQU 5,339 17,876 11,869,256 17,185,231 9.0 2.7 6.3 10,146 2277296 ELECTRO-MECH HAND TOOLS 857 1,544 1,286,136 5,467,559 4.3 10.9 -6.6 -2,099 -407297 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 295 - 53,251 478,390 -100.0 17.0 -117.0 -2,650 -1007299 OTH ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 8,716 52,229 9,541,403 47,010,975 13.6 12.1 1.6 9,285 727310 LOCOMOTIVES RESIDUAL - - 258,097 - - - - 0 -7311 STEAM LOCOMOTIVES,ETC - - 20 - - - - 0 -7312 ELEC LOCOS NON-SELF-GEN - - 18,449 170,657 - 17.2 - 0 -7313 LOCOS NOT STEAM,NOT ELEC - 4,388 200,481 1,175,704 - 13.5 - 4,388 -7314 MECHAN-PROPELLED RY CARS - - 269,639 958,962 - 9.5 - 0 -7315 PASSENGER CARS NOT

POWRD - - 187,430 319,677 - 3.9 - 0 -

7316 FREIGHT CARS NOT POWERED 1,996 1,170 1,048,682 4,239,329 -3.7 10.5 -14.2 -6,899 -797317 RY LOCOMTV,CAR PARTS NES 71 138 880,561 4,288,182 4.9 12.0 -7.1 -208 -447320 MOTORIZED TRANSPORT

RESIDUAL - - 1,374 - - - - 0 -

7321 PASS MOTOR VEH EXC BUSES 181 13,772 82,542,843 290,263,251 36.3 9.4 26.9 13,136 29637322 BUSES 75 1,963 1,510,670 5,715,311 26.3 10.0 16.3 1,679 8797323 LORRIES,TRUCKS 40 3,656 20,948,137 49,883,873 38.1 6.4 31.7 3,561 53337324 SPECIAL MOTOR VEHCLS NES 925 6,455 1,626,012 3,789,269 14.9 6.2 8.7 4,299 3247325 TRACTORS FOR TR-TRAILERS 2 248 1,144,710 11,928,046 41.1 18.2 22.9 227 1585

Page 84: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 80

7327 LORRY,TRUCK,BUS CHASSIS 6 559 946,247 2,242,146 38.2 6.4 31.9 545 54667328 MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS NES 12,473 53,667 40,633,990 128,980,878 11.0 8.6 2.4 14,075 927329 MOTORCYCLES ETC,PARTS 149 3,572 2,505,772 8,566,825 25.5 9.2 16.3 3,063 8937330 NON-MOTORIZED TRANS

RESIDUAL - - 22,264 - - - - 0 -

7331 BICYCLES NON-MOTOR,PARTS 352 2,952 1,771,066 6,862,361 16.4 10.2 6.2 1,588 2067333 VEH NES NONMOTR,TRAILERS 2,080 11,814 1,600,801 7,452,338 13.2 11.6 1.6 2,131 737334 INVALID CARRIAGES MOTRZD 401 215 57,996 355,220 -4.4 13.8 -18.2 -2,241 -887340 AIRCRAFT RESIDUAL - - 8,580,411 - - - - 0 -7341 AIRCRFT HEAVIER THAN AIR 16 158,372 9,528,015 71,051,538 92.9 15.4 77.5 158,253 1877987349 AIRCRAFT PARTS,ETC 999 7,303 9,924,514 36,597,991 15.3 9.8 5.5 3,619 1817350 SHIPS AND BOATS RESIDUAL - - 260,092 - - - - 0 -7351 WARSHIPS - 20,245 49,807 1,942,438 - 29.9 - 20,245 -7353 SHIPS AND BOATS NON-WAR 13,131 32,393 16,440,760 32,227,967 6.7 4.9 1.7 6,653 787358 VESSELS FOR BREAKING UP - - 178,380 33,771 - -11.2 - 0 -7359 SHIPS AND BOATS NES 150 3,045 1,971,394 5,103,680 24.0 7.0 17.0 2,657 10108121 CENTRAL HEATING EQUIPMNT 125 436 764,636 4,275,931 9.3 13.1 -3.7 -263 -128122 CERAMIC PLUMBNG FIXTURES 44 134 402,438 1,710,086 8.3 10.9 -2.6 -53 18123 IRON,STL PLUMBNG FIXTRS 1,405 4,695 302,663 806,823 9.0 7.3 1.7 950 778124 LIGHTING EQUIPMENT 1,494 7,639 1,852,867 9,640,571 12.4 12.5 -0.1 -134 398210 FURNITURE 30,830 50,527 10,296,790 56,018,737 3.6 12.9 -9.3 -117,201 -578310 TRAVEL GOODS,HANDBAGS 1,541 5,817 2,167,801 10,312,642 10.0 11.8 -1.8 -1,514 128410 CLOTHING RESIDUAL - - 46,851 - - - - 0 -8411 TEXTILE CLOTHES NOT KNIT 10,855 47,599 19,352,697 80,036,734 11.1 10.7 0.5 2,706 508412 TXTL CLTHG ACSRY NONKNIT 968 10,626 1,421,193 8,098,687 18.7 13.2 5.4 5,110 1738413 LEATHER CLOTHES,ACCESRYS 3,814 1,103 2,002,809 4,604,145 -8.5 6.1 -14.6 -7,665 -828414 CLOTHING,ACCESSORYS KNIT 11,128 40,162 12,895,695 68,259,041 9.6 12.6 -3.0 -18,740 -38415 HEADGEAR 1,117 4,997 397,336 1,996,510 11.3 12.2 -0.9 -616 268416 RUBBER CLTHG INCL GLOVES 1,100 628 252,688 2,041,655 -3.9 16.1 -20.0 -8,260 -908420 FUR ETC CLOTHES,PROD 12,182 10,473 1,096,761 948,569 -1.1 -1.0 0.0 -63 418510 FOOTWEAR 5,343 25,034 10,937,361 32,517,404 11.7 8.1 3.6 9,149 1238610 OPTICAL PRODS RESIDUAL - - 4,054 - - - - 0 -8611 OPTICAL ELEMENTS 78 849 1,297,035 4,178,260 18.6 8.7 9.9 598 3788612 SPECTACLES AND FRAMES 1,128 1,388 887,236 3,783,717 1.5 10.9 -9.4 -3,422 -598613 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 67 1,436 1,333,707 16,203,414 24.5 19.5 4.9 622 1508614 CAMERAS STILL,FLASH APP 5 2,031 2,312,614 5,843,559 53.6 6.8 46.7 2,018 226568615 CINEMA CAMERAS,PROJ,ETC - 5,171 119,656 466,834 - 10.2 - 5,171 -8616 PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIP NES 51 3,807 5,391,000 19,352,813 36.1 9.6 26.5 3,624 28448617 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 3,946 54,715 3,262,254 22,385,021 20.7 14.7 5.9 27,638 186

Page 85: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 81

8618 METERS,COUNTERSNONELECT

351 699 324,319 2,622,210 5.0 16.1 -11.1 -2,139 -65

8619 MEASURNG,CONTROLNGINSTR

4,250 69,282 5,385,230 45,109,865 22.1 16.4 5.7 33,681 175

8620 PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODSRESIDUAL

- - 583 - - - - 0 -

8623 CHEM PHOTO GOODS,RETAIL 50 1,007 830,880 4,002,281 23.9 11.9 12.0 766 4928624 PHOTO FILM EXC DEV CINMA 624 1,817 5,722,815 12,307,698 7.9 5.6 2.3 475 928630 DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 19 2,432 197,174 427,272 41.4 5.7 35.7 2,391 82628640 WATCHES AND CLOCKS

RESIDUAL - - 5,072 - - - - 0 -

8641 WATCHES,MOVEMENTS,CASES 15 2,146 4,593,424 10,881,054 42.5 6.4 36.2 2,110 84498642 CLOCKS,CLOCK PARTS 47 287 1,499,937 2,852,220 13.8 4.7 9.1 198 3558910 RECORDING PRODS RESIDUAL - - 7,275 - - - - 0 -8911 SND

RECRDRS,PHONOGR,PRTS 50 1,513 12,609,937 28,327,942 27.6 6.0 21.6 1,401 1807

8912 SOUND RECRDNG TAPE,DISCS 2,739 7,339 5,294,977 28,599,011 7.3 12.8 -5.5 -7,455 -308914 STRINGED MUSICAL INSTR 9 82 301,956 872,333 17.1 7.9 9.2 56 3468918 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 28 372 804,249 1,662,735 20.3 5.3 15.0 314 8108919 MUSICAL INSTR PARTS NES 7 99 212,794 676,622 20.8 8.6 12.2 77 5308920 BOOKS AND PERIODICALS

RESIDUAL - - 1,494 - - - - 0 -

8921 PRINTED BOOKS,GLOBES,ETC 6,606 12,093 3,457,480 10,641,504 4.4 8.4 -3.9 -8,239 -168922 NEWSPAPERS,PERIODICALS 2,197 1,361 1,709,776 4,362,825 -3.4 6.9 -10.3 -4,245 -668923 PRINTED,MANUSCRIPT MUSIC 46 26 17,917 76,684 -4.0 10.9 -14.9 -171 -818924 PICTURE POSTCARDS ETC 3,024 2,772 293,729 1,003,711 -0.6 9.2 -9.8 -7,561 -628929 PRINTED MATTER NES 18,802 20,650 2,511,766 9,457,984 0.7 9.9 -9.3 -50,148 -598930 ARTICLES OF PLASTIC NES 33,179 111,548 8,092,492 54,273,254 9.0 14.6 -5.5 -110,971 -298940 TOYS RESIDUAL - - 1,369 - - - - 0 -8941 BABY CARRIAGES ETC 74 1,844 70,914 482,189 25.8 14.7 11.1 1,341 4198942 TOYS,INDOOR GAMES 5,947 12,578 4,637,770 22,882,985 5.5 12.1 -6.6 -16,765 -398943 NON-MILITARY ARMS 29 190 256,489 538,340 14.4 5.4 8.9 129 3428944 OUTDOOR SPORT GOODS NES 3,006 5,963 1,918,939 7,159,886 5.0 9.9 -4.8 -5,253 -258945 AMUSEMENTS ETC FOR FAIRS 25 1,165 150,369 631,705 31.6 10.8 20.8 1,060 14708951 BASE MTL OFFICE SUPPLIES 213 167 163,682 581,705 -1.7 9.5 -11.2 -590 -698952 PENS,PENCILS,FOUNTN PENS 818 1,647 999,134 3,657,449 5.1 9.7 -4.6 -1,347 -228959 OTHER OFFICE SUPPLIES 463 959 600,886 2,841,653 5.3 11.7 -6.4 -1,231 -388960 WORKS OF ART ETC 1,449 8,817 2,777,224 6,312,459 13.8 6.0 7.7 5,524 2798970 JEWELLRY RESIDUAL - - 35,573 - - - - 0 -8971 REAL JEWELRY,GOLD,SILVER 31,806 19,109 5,524,568 18,057,227 -3.6 8.8 -12.4 -84,850 -74

Page 86: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 82

8972 IMITATION JEWELLERY 1,682 1,072 715,855 1,466,604 -3.2 5.3 -8.4 -2,374 -568990 OTHER MANUF PRODS

RESIDUAL - - 3,604 - - - - 0 -

8991 CARVED,MOULDED GOODS 118 333 179,734 535,147 7.7 8.1 -0.4 -18 348992 BROOMS,PLAITED PROD,ETC 2,426 2,316 581,728 2,615,126 -0.3 11.3 -11.7 -8,590 -708993 CANDLES,MATCHES,ETC 1,473 153 636,966 2,333,130 -14.9 9.7 -24.7 -5,242 -968994 UMBRELLAS,CANES ETC 56 73 147,282 896,922 1.9 13.8 -11.9 -268 -708995 TOILET GOODS,SMALL WARES 826 978 722,285 2,855,422 1.2 10.3 -9.1 -2,287 -588996 HEARING,ORTHOPAEDIC AIDS 577 3,425 939,225 7,815,649 13.6 16.3 -2.8 -1,376 18999 OTHER MANUF GOODS NES 885 736 701,211 2,713,552 -1.3 10.1 -11.5 -2,689 -709110 MAIL NOT CLASSED BY KIND - - 1,411,060 - - - - 0 -9310 SPECIAL TRANSACTIONS 119,808 243,150 21,380,000 142,094,256 5.2 14.5 -9.3 -553,110 -579410 ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 187 1,685 95,212 343,642 17.0 9.6 7.4 1,010 2539510 WAR FIREARMS,AMMUNITION 387 410 4,470,449 5,031,041 0.4 0.8 -0.4 -26 339610 COIN NONGOLD,NONCURRENT - - 149,737 64,893 - -5.8 - 0 -Total TOTAL 5,569,698 12,390,154 1,622,752,251 5,110,131,406 5.9 8.5 -2.7 -1,701,550 0

Page 87: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 83

APPENDIX D: LIST OF SECTORS BY AREAFROM FIGURE 4

Table 7 List of sectors by area from Figure 4

Commditycode

Commodity Area in 'Starperformers'

chart

NZ exports in1999

$US000's

'World' exportsin 1999 $US000's

NZ exportgrowth by

commodity,compound

annualgrowth rate,

%

'World'export

growth bycommodity

NZ's gain inmarket share

$US000s

0223 MILK AND CREAM FRESH 1 74,370 4,443,745 17.5 12.9 31,528

0320 FISH ETC TINNED,PREPARED 1 48,231 8,794,339 8.9 8.7 1,250

0488 CEREAL ETC PREPS NES 1 32,732 3,985,208 21.7 17.0 14,035

0514 APPLES FRESH 1 273,574 2,531,700 12.3 7.9 116,552

0533 FRUIT,JAMS,JELLIES ETC 1 8,519 804,011 17.4 9.1 5,472

0541 POTATOES FRSH EXCL SWEET 1 9,737 1,806,003 10.1 8.9 1,407

0545 OTHER FRESH VEGETABLES 1 113,330 9,192,553 13.6 10.5 35,934

0551 VEG DRIED EXCL LEGUMES 1 5,208 983,139 11.6 8.3 1,782

0619 SUGARS AND SYRUPS NES 1 20,882 966,962 11.5 7.7 8,021

0990 FOOD PREPARATIONS NES 1 104,455 14,668,011 17.4 11.0 56,900

1121 WINE OF FRESH GRAPES ETC 1 77,334 14,658,966 31.6 9.7 71,312

2411 FUEL WOOD AND WASTE 1 896 336,184 43.0 12.0 867

2925 SEEDS,ETC FOR PLANTING 1 35,506 2,347,120 11.0 8.0 11,162

2927 CUT FLOWERS,FOLIAGE 1 31,308 4,553,549 12.3 9.7 8,837

4312 HYDROGENATED OIL,FAT 1 33,032 1,720,336 74.1 8.3 32,989

5542 WASHING PREPARATIONS ETC 1 37,565 9,398,344 25.4 11.1 30,679

5712 FUSES,PRIMERS,DETONATORS 1 797 306,285 43.7 9.0 780

5996 CHEMICLS FROM WOOD,RESIN 1 6,403 1,035,881 11.6 8.4 2,141

6312 PLYWOOD 1 66,685 6,801,951 17.0 8.8 42,581

6314 IMPROVED,RECONSTIT WOOD 1 23,159 4,943,924 13.2 12.1 2,918

6416 FIBREBOARD OF WOOD ETC 1 110,616 2,998,080 22.9 17.8 49,841

6419 OTHER PAPER ETC NES BULK 1 65,845 17,447,115 21.6 9.7 50,370

6429 PAPER ETC ARTICLES NES 1 29,774 12,272,921 14.8 10.0 13,483

6647 SAFETY GLASS 1 12,879 3,963,001 18.4 13.6 5,726

6727 IRN,STL COIL FR REROLLNG 1 40,674 11,988,367 103.1 7.6 40,668

6748 IRN,STL THIN COATED NES 1 51,103 14,888,180 48.0 9.0 50,398

6793 IRON,STL FORGINGS ROUGH 1 6,614 1,610,109 41.8 12.8 6,343

6822 COPPER,ALLOYS WORKED 1 51,733 13,813,499 15.2 8.2 30,267

6842 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS WORKED 1 55,231 22,113,186 9.3 9.1 896

Page 88: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 84

6921 MTL STORAGE,MF TANKS,ETC 1 5,643 1,417,995 18.1 8.2 3,983

6922 MTL TRANSPORT BOXES ETC 1 27,567 4,280,208 22.5 9.3 21,988

6986 SPRINGS AND LEAVES 1 6,519 2,618,274 25.4 12.9 5,021

7129 AGRICULTURE MACHINES NES 1 5,379 1,829,784 9.8 9.5 225

7196 NON-ELECT MACHINES NES 1 56,440 21,175,337 20.0 9.4 40,951

8617 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS NES 1 54,715 22,385,021 20.7 14.7 27,638

8941 BABY CARRIAGES ETC 1 1,844 482,189 25.8 14.7 1,341

9410 ZOO ANIMALS,PETS 1 1,685 343,642 17.0 9.6 1,010

0311 FISH FRESH,CHILLED,FROZN 2 461,991 19,162,879 8.3 9.6 - 86,869

0313 SHELL FISH FRESH,FROZEN 2 173,533 13,499,148 4.0 8.6 - 141,801

0484 BREAD,BISCUIT,CAKE,ETC 2 21,530 8,073,440 6.2 12.1 - 24,243

0519 FRESH FRUIT NES 2 292,861 7,161,290 5.9 10.2 - 221,838

0536 FRUIT TEMPORARILY PRESVD 2 6,725 1,350,118 -1.9 10.7 - 29,550

0546 VEGETABLES SIMPLY PRESVD 2 51,557 6,482,830 6.7 16.7 - 128,027

0616 NATURAL HONEY 2 5,392 424,709 4.0 8.1 - 3,822

0730 CHOCOLATE AND PRODUCTS 2 36,337 6,984,728 6.0 9.9 - 23,650

1122 CIDER ETC 2 1,209 285,440 5.1 15.2 - 3,141

2711 ANIMAL,VEG FERTLZR,CRUDE 2 335 124,761 11.9 13.8 - 88

2919 ANIMAL MATERIALS NES 2 104,288 2,718,422 5.4 8.4 - 49,744

5416 GLYCOSIDES,GLANDS,SERA 2 27,349 10,061,511 6.9 17.0 - 70,079

5541 SOAPS 2 13,658 2,514,128 9.6 13.6 - 8,892

5995 STARCH,INULIN,GLUTEN,ETC 2 452,392 8,014,407 8.6 11.4 - 193,375

6114 LEATHR BOVINE NES,EQUINE 2 89,743 8,256,761 5.7 9.5 - 58,269

6122 HARNESS-MAKERS GOODS 2 1,101 382,482 5.7 13.1 - 1,741

6330 CORK MANUFACTURES 2 2,956 1,193,014 0.5 11.4 - 9,503

6413 KRAFT PAPER,PAPERBOARD 2 42,222 6,964,630 3.9 7.6 - 25,877

6422 CORRESPONDENCE STATIONRY 2 3,662 698,836 6.7 11.6 - 3,124

6423 EXERCISE BOOKS ETC 2 6,077 1,976,913 4.2 10.1 - 7,115

6562 MADE-UP CANVAS GOODS 2 3,460 1,054,076 -0.9 8.6 - 8,984

6566 BLANKETS,COVERLETS ETC 2 4,222 956,467 -3.6 10.1 - 22,610

6576 CARPETS ETC UNKNOTTED 2 48,861 6,349,796 -0.5 7.4 - 94,157

6912 STRUCTURES,PARTS ALUMNM 2 15,211 3,224,415 7.2 9.0 - 3,843

6971 DOMESTC STOVES,OVENS,ETC 2 8,144 2,629,250 -6.9 9.4 - 70,074

7250 DOMESTIC ELECTRIC EQUIP 2 85,923 30,557,866 7.5 9.6 - 26,887

8415 HEADGEAR 2 4,997 1,996,510 11.3 12.2 - 616

8924 PICTURE POSTCARDS ETC 2 2,772 1,003,711 -0.6 9.2 - 7,561

0111 BOVINE MEAT FRESH,FROZEN 3 631,579 14,110,259 2.3 5.9 - 390,705

0112 MUTTON ETC FRSH,CHLD,FRN 3 819,529 2,067,639 2.5 4.7 - 272,116

0116 EDIBLE OFFAL FRESH,CH,FR 3 47,040 1,555,263 0.4 6.2 - 55,281

0129 MEAT NES DRIED,SLTD,SMKD 3 181 50,278 -7.0 -5.5 - 47

0250 EGGS 3 3,351 1,356,987 -1.4 4.5 - 4,261

0470 MEAL AND FLOUR NON-WHEAT 3 2,550 432,311 -11.1 4.0 - 20,542

Page 89: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 85

0542 LEGUMINOUS VEGTBLES DRY 3 15,109 2,380,636 -1.3 5.0 - 20,763

0814 MEAT OR FISH MEAL FODDER 3 19,478 1,941,549 -0.3 4.6 - 18,356

2111 BOVINE,EQUINE HIDES 3 20,972 2,524,189 -1.5 1.0 - 9,085

2116 SHEEP SKIN COMMON W WOOL 3 2,625 191,142 -3.6 -2.8 - 323

2117 SHEEP SKIN WITHOUT WOOL 3 89,328 230,666 -3.7 -1.1 - 40,572

2512 MECHANICAL WOOD PULP 3 42,294 274,097 -1.6 -1.4 - 1,385

2621 WOOL GREASY,FLEECE-WSHED 3 109,654 1,278,674 -6.5 -3.8 - 52,863

2622 WOOL DEGREASED 3 271,975 795,951 -3.0 -1.8 - 50,861

4113 ANIMAL OIL ETC,EXCL LARD 3 42,251 1,102,328 -2.2 -0.3 - 13,067

4314 ANIMAL,VEGETABLE WAXES 3 280 97,311 0.2 7.2 - 439

6318 WOOD SIMPLY WORKED NES 3 22,424 1,668,034 -2.9 6.0 - 53,929

6512 YARN OF WOOL,ANIMAL HAIR 3 50,603 2,075,716 0.7 2.8 - 16,830

6841 ALUMINIUM,ALLOYS,UNWRGHT 3 406,410 18,250,644 3.7 7.3 - 249,533

7121 CULTIVATING MACHINERY 3 6,839 1,924,578 4.6 5.2 - 634

7123 DAIRY-FARM EQUIPMENT 3 11,173 775,116 4.3 6.9 - 4,756

8420 FUR ETC CLOTHES,PROD 3 10,473 948,569 -1.1 -1.0 - 63

0015 HORSES, ASSES, MULES 4 70,714 1,311,914 4.8 3.4 11,951

0115 HORSE MEAT FRSH,CHLD,FRN 4 1,383 339,053 34.0 4.3 1,341

0118 MEAT NES FRESH,CHLD,FRZN 4 78,594 664,620 15.7 6.6 53,722

0133 MEAT EXTRACTS AND JUICES 4 1,787 99,028 10.9 4.3 1,038

0138 MEAT PREPD,PRESVD NES 4 25,256 4,154,974 8.6 6.6 5,843

0221 MILK CREAM EVAPD,CONDNSD 4 25,571 2,003,005 12.9 5.6 15,517

0222 MILK AND CREAM DRY 4 868,958 5,817,753 8.6 6.5 214,687

0230 BUTTER 4 514,457 2,968,934 3.2 2.5 47,076

0240 CHEESE AND CURD 4 509,752 10,385,868 10.1 7.4 153,373

0312 FISH SALTED,DRIED,SMOKED 4 6,579 2,451,947 12.9 7.3 3,333

0548 EDIBLE VEG NES FRSH,DRY 4 3,033 967,155 13.7 0.4 2,500

2112 CALF AND KIP SKINS 4 15,127 342,990 5.1 1.3 6,174

2114 GOAT AND KID SKINS 4 218 15,901 1.7 -9.6 176

2119 HIDES AND SKINS NES 4 3,571 182,713 14.0 3.8 2,604

2422 SAW-,VENEER-LOGS CONIFER 4 288,880 3,708,786 20.5 6.4 238,085

2432 LUMBER SHAPED CONIFER 4 377,144 17,361,997 14.2 7.2 220,878

2511 WASTE PAPER 4 9,119 1,833,880 19.0 6.5 7,173

2517 SULPHATE WOOD PULP 4 157,130 11,806,519 8.7 5.6 52,279

2623 FINE HAIR UNCOMBED 4 698 136,464 1.6 -2.5 308

2627 WOOL OR HAIR COMBED 4 6,328 509,969 10.3 6.5 2,413

2629 WASTE OF WOOL AND HAIR 4 935 92,474 41.9 -2.3 930

2763 SALT 4 3,158 875,842 17.1 5.8 2,395

2766 SLAG,SCALINGS,DROSS,ETC 4 3,228 261,377 32.6 1.8 3,149

2911 BONES,IVORY,HORNS,ETC 4 45,567 298,644 18.2 5.6 36,246

2924 VEG USED IN PHARMACY ETC 4 2,310 903,689 73.9 4.6 2,308

3214 COAL,EXCL BRIQUETTES 4 38,593 15,725,573 4.4 1.8 11,473

Page 90: A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage• A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1985 export structure. • A snapshot of New Zealand’s 1999 export structure. • An overview of the

Working paper August 2002

NZIER – A look at New Zealand's comparative advantage 86

4111 OILS OF FISH,WHALES ETC 4 2,063 305,503 6.1 0.4 1,100

5122 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS,ETC 4 97,518 11,316,529 10.1 7.2 30,349

5149 INORG CHEM PRODUCTS NES 4 3,742 1,298,597 36.3 5.0 3,645

5214 COAL,PETR DISTILATES NES 4 36,391 3,420,984 54.8 5.1 36,231

5711 PREPARED EXPLOSIVES 4 989 326,807 7.9 0.6 622

5992 PESTICIDES,DISINFECTANTS 4 61,649 11,039,526 24.5 6.5 54,701

6119 LEATHER NES 4 40,538 2,279,295 5.4 3.8 7,911

6130 FUR SKINS TANNED,DRESSED 4 21,247 798,133 10.0 -1.5 16,761

6411 NEWSPRINT PAPER 4 86,960 8,842,600 12.0 3.1 59,872

6519 TEXTILE FIBRE YARN NES 4 734 249,071 30.3 2.9 707

6556 CORDAGE AND MANUFACTURES 4 5,848 1,286,397 8.1 6.2 1,274

6611 LIME 4 4,776 199,783 37.4 5.0 4,665

6851 LEAD,ALLOYS UNWROUGHT 4 5,134 1,326,044 57.4 5.3 5,115

6852 LEAD,ALLOYS WORKED 4 1,263 155,688 19.3 5.9 1,026

6932 IRON,STEEL FENCING WIRE 4 231 83,843 10.4 0.9 165

7122 HARVESTING ETC MACHINES 4 21,644 6,346,228 7.1 6.4 1,896

8123 IRON,STL PLUMBNG FIXTRS 4 4,695 806,823 9.0 7.3 950

8630 DEVELOPED CINEMA FILM 4 2,432 427,272 41.4 5.7 2,391

Source: COMTRADE, NZIER