A Link Between Reproductive Abnormalities and Contaminants in Fish from the Rocky Mountains
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Transcript of A Link Between Reproductive Abnormalities and Contaminants in Fish from the Rocky Mountains
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A LINK BETWEEN REPRODUCTIVE ABNORMALITIES AND
CONTAMINANTS IN FISH FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
Julie DenhamProf. Staci Simonich,
Department of Chemistry and Environmental Molecular Toxicology
Oregon State UniversityHHMI 2009
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History of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Industrially made in the early 1930’s
Short term affects eliminated agricultural problem
Persistent contaminants toxic to ecosystems
Linked to diseases, abnormalities, and endocrine disruption
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Environmental Fate Accumulate in the ecosystem
Undergo atmospheric transport
Volatilize at high temperatures and condense at lower temperatures
Settle remote high altitude ecosystems
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POPs in the environment
Contamination source
Transport
Partitions into ecosystem
Soil
Release into environment
Water Tissue Atmosphere http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/atlas/glat-ch4.html
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Bioaccumulation Fractionate into lipids
Concentrations increase through food web
Fish are a useful tool of which POPs are present in the environment and the impacts they have on specific ecosystems
http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/54-25-DDTInFoodChain-L.jpg.
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Impacts on fish A hormone imbalance of intersex
characteristics and increased vitellogenin levels in males
Intersex- an abnormality that can be found in animals containing both sexual reproductive organs
Vitellogenin (VG)- a protein synthesized in the liver in reaction to excess estrogen levels
- precursor for egg-yolk synthesis
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Spirit Lake, Rocky Mountain National Park
Reproductive Abnormalities in Trout from Western U.S. National Parks. Schwindt, A. R., et al. Spermatocysts with spermatogonia
Developing vitellogenic eggs
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Why Rocky Mountain NP?
• Signs of intersex fish in Rocky Mountain Nat. Park
• Pesticide concentrations highest among the Western National parks
• Black Circles Containing white numbers represent 2003-2006 sampling• White circles are historic samples collected from 1800’s- 1934
Reproductive Abnormalities in Trout from Western U.S. National Parks. Schwindt, A. R., et al.
Previous research showed:
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POPs Measured in Rocky Mountain Fish
• Highest Concentration
• One currently in use
• Four compounds are xenoestrogens
p,p-DDE Dieldrin trans-Nonachlor
Dacthal PCB’s
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) Endosulfan Sulfate
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Xenoestrogens Xenoestrogens -
organic compounds that have estrogen like affects
p,p-DDE Dieldrin
PCB’s Endosulfan Sulfate
• Not produced as a natural hormone
• Cause excess vitellogenin concentrations
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Scope Measure POPs in fish samples collected
previously
To interpret the POP concentrations in the fish with respect to intersex.
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Hypothesis The accumulation of persistent organic
pollutants in male trout of remote high altitude lakes caused intersex characteristics.
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Method
Fish Homogenate
X g Fish + X g Na2SO4
Extractionof analytes
(ASE)
Gel permeation chromatography
Fraction B: target analytes
Fraction 2 (archived for recovery)
Fraction 1(target analytes)
Removal of polar
compounds (SPE)
Fraction A: lipid archive
Quantification of target analytes
GCMS
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Method Validation Use of certified Standard Reference
Material (SRM) SRM is certified by NIST to have a known
value of pesticides Used in analytical methods for precision
and accuracy SRM 1946
- Lake Superior Trout tissue- Certified concentrations for chlorinated
pesticides and PCBs
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SRM Data Performed in Triplicate
Average concentrations of triplicate data were compared to the known quantities in SRM samples
- standard deviation of Triplicate vs. SRM known values
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POPs Measured
trans-NonachlorDieldrinp,p-DDE
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)Dacthal PCB’s
-In SRM and previous studies from Rocky Mountain National Park
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SRM Data
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SRM Data
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Future Work Finish extracting pesticides from
intersex and control male fish
Analysis on GC/MS to quantify the concentrations of POPs
Use of statistical correlations between the POPs and intersex to determine if a relationship exists
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Acknowledgements Dr. Staci SimonichHoward Hughes Medical InstituteSimonich lab-
Jill, Jessica, Wentao, Carlos, Leah, On, & Dr. Steve SylvesterDr. Kevin AhernNational Park ServiceOregon State University Department of EMTFamily and Friends