A K.I.S.S. Model for Breeding Locally-adapted Varroa...
Transcript of A K.I.S.S. Model for Breeding Locally-adapted Varroa...
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A K.I.S.S.
Model for Breeding
Locally-adapted
Varroa-resistant Bees
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By tradition,
beekeepers
bred for
productive,
workable
survivors
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Nearly all breeds of animals and plants
were selectively bred prior to
breeders knowing anything about
genetics
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Not magic—
it’s a simple
process of
selection at each
generation.
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Negative selection vs. positive selection
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Negative selection:
Don’t breed
from undesirables.
donDon
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Positive selection:
favor desirable traits.
Varieties of Brassica oleracea—also kale, collard, kohlrabi
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Prioritize your selection goals.
“Wild type” is most
fit in nature.
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← The epitome of wolf breeding
But would he survive in the wild?
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Breed for performance rather
than looks
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• Varroa sensitive hygiene
• Shutting down brood rearing when no flow
• Grooming behavior
• Kairomonal suppression of mite ovulation
• Semiochemicals in combs to inhibit mite reproduction
• Minimal drone brood
• Less robbing
• Self removal of bees carrying mites
• Frequent queen supersedure and swarming
• “Apoptosis” of parasitized pupae
BUT WHICH VARROA-
RESISTANCE TRAITS TO
SELECT FOR?
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“By comparing the growth of mite populations in
each colony, one can determine which bees are
more resistant to mites.”
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Define your
breeding goal
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Just define the job description…
and “fire” all those that don’t
perform.
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How to do it
(Adapt to your circumstances)
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We need to get serious about propagating
varroa and virus resistant stocks!
Start with locally-adapted stock
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Start with stock that has a fighting chance!
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The Concept: From your breeding population,
identify the colonies
in which mites build up at the slowest rate.
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Produce a bunch of cells from promising queen mothers.
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Start a large number of nucs or package colonies
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Roughly equalize starting mite levels.
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Place groups of hives in yards for comparison
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Then start the “varroa race.”
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1st period 2nd period 3rd period
Compare their rates of mite buildup
Mite
wash
Mite
wash
Mite
wash
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Monitor by alcohol wash
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1st test 2nd test
3rd test
Don’t treat those that resist mite buildup
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No need to allow any
hives to die from
varroa!
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Remove high-mite hives
from the breeding
program, and treat them.
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Selection takes
place at the queen level.
Keep all your
hives alive, but breed only from the winners next
spring.
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Next spring, rear daughters from the best
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So give queen cells to all your neighbors
You need to control matings
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Repeat the process each season.
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* Simple
* Profitable
* Desirable stock
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The Problem: the cost of monitoring
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The Solution: an efficient method!
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Pi
Sample from a similar frame from each hive
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Pi
Portable table to the right
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Any frame with beebread
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Look for the queen
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One experienced sample taker
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With a good eye for spotting queens
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Assess gentleness and colony buildup
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Assess brood patterns
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Assess productivity
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Look carefully!
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Return her
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Hard snap shake
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No more bees than this
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Allow any old bees to fly off
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The remaining young bees immediately spread out
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Easy to spot the queen
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Scoop up ½ cup
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Level it off
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Dump into alcohol
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Snap on lid
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Mark hive with cup color
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Option: inkjet-printed labels
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If nectar shake, rinse tub
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Helper carries samples to wash table
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One or two trained technicians
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The wash station
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60 sec in electric washer
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Lift out washed bees
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Allow to drain
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Pour off excess alcohol
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Count the mites
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Strain and reuse the alcohol
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Sediment will settle overnight
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Refilled cups being returned
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Hive note
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Match notes by color
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3x5 card under lid
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Zeroes and ones are marked as
potential breeders
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Yard of 30 hives takes ~40 minutes
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Labor cost per sample –– around $1.50
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Cost is cheaper than most treatments
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For $1.50/hive I can know the mite level of every hive in the operation
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For ~$1.50/hive I can know the mite level of every hive in the operation
Breeders Bombs
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Every accomplishment begins with the decision to try something different