A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.
description
Transcript of A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.
![Page 1: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)
only.
![Page 2: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
![Page 6: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
![Page 7: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WRONG ANSWER!!!TRY AGAIN
![Page 8: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
READ IT !!!
![Page 9: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CARBON COMPOUND
(ALCOHOLS)PRESENTED BY :
NURHANISAH ZULKIFLI NORASHIKIN MD RODZI
JUHANIS MOHAMED ZAHARI
![Page 10: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ALCOHOL
Elements in alcohols
Examples of alcohols
Effects of alcohols on
health
Characteristic
General Formula
Uses of alcohols
Experiment Quiz
![Page 11: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
An alcohol is an compound. It contains of 3 elements that is
and
ALCOHOLS
![Page 12: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
No.Because elements in alcohols contain an oxygen.
Is Alcohols a hydrocarbon??
why??
![Page 13: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Alcohol molecular formula
Structural formula Boiling point(°C)
Methanol
CH3OH H H C O H H
65
Ethanol C2H5OH H H H C C O H H H
78
Propanol C3H7OH H H HH C C C O H H H H
97
![Page 15: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Alcohol Organic acid
Esters
Methanol Ethanoic acid Methyl ethanoate
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Butanoic acid Ethyl butanoate
Methanoic acid Ethyl methanoate
Propanoic acid Ethyl propanoate
![Page 16: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
General formula for alcohol:
n is positive integer, n = 1,2,3……
The names of alcohols end with ‘-ol’. Examples ethanol.
CnH2n+1OH
![Page 17: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ethanol is produced through fermentation.
By action of yeast, sugars or starch are converted into ethanol.
![Page 18: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The fermentation of sugar using yeast is optimum at 37°C.If it get too hot, the enzyme will be destroyed.But if the temperature is too low, the yeast become inactive.
![Page 19: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Glucose
Yeast contains an enzyme, zymase that helps to break down sugar to produce
ethanol and carbon dioxide.
(Zymase enzyme)
yeastEthanol + Carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
![Page 20: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Alcohol is a colourless volatile liquid with a sweet smell.
miscible in water. Both the boiling point and melting point
increase as the number of carbon atoms in its molecule increase (get larger).
The miscibility of alcohol in water decreases as molecules get larger.
![Page 21: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Alcohol burns easily with a clear blue flame in a plentiful supply of air to produce carbon dioxide and water only.
Alcohol + oxygen Carbon dioxide + water
![Page 22: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Esterification Reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid
catalyzed by little concentrated sulphuric
acid to produce an ester. Alcohol + organic
acid
Concentrated sulphuric acid
Ester +
Water
![Page 23: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Example :
Ethanol + ethanoic acid
Ethyl ethanoate + water
Concentrated sulphuric acid
C2H5OH + CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H2SO4
![Page 24: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
FUELS
SOLVENTS COSMETICS
MEDICINES
![Page 25: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
SOLVENTSAlcohols are good solvents for dissolving organic compound which are insoluble in water.Ethanol : Dissolve shellac, varnishes,
perfumes and dyes. Methylated spirit : Solvent for varnishes
and paints.
![Page 26: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
COSMETICSAftershave lotion
Cleanser
Perfumes
![Page 28: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
MEDICINESMild antiseptic for
cleaning injured skin and prevents infections.Sterilise the skin before giving an injection.Dissolve medicines which are insoluble in water.
![Page 30: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FUELS
2CH3OH(l)+3O2(g) 2CO2(g)+4H2O(l)+heat energy
Heat energy released can be used to run motor vehicles.
![Page 32: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EFFECTS…
Health Problem
Social Problem
Psychiatric Problem
![Page 34: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
HEALTH PROBLEM
Liver diseases such as hepatitis
Obesity
Heart diseases
High blood pressure
![Page 35: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
SOCIAL PROBLEMDrinking too much
alcohol cause a person to get drunk.
Increased crime rates. (fights,thefts)
Increased accident rates.
![Page 37: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEM
Alcohol acts as a depressant.
Drinking too much alcohol cause a person to be anxious.
![Page 38: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
EXPERIMENT 4.2
Aim : To study the properties of alcohol.
Problem : What are the physical and chemical properties of alcohol.
Hypothesis : Alcohol can be identified by their physical and chemical properties.
![Page 40: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Record your observation in thetable given.
![Page 42: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
QUIZQuestion 1
Question 2
Question 3
![Page 43: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
1. WHICH ONE IS THE GENERAL FORMULA FOR ALCOHOL??
A) CnH2n+1OHB) C2nHn+1OHC) C2n+1HnOH
![Page 44: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2. ALL THE FOLLOWING IS THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL, EXCEPT…….
A) HEALTH PROBLEMB) SOCIAL PROBLEMC) FINANCIAL PROBLEM
![Page 45: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
3. WHAT IS ELEMANT IN ALCOHOL?
A) CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGENB) HYDROCARBON, OXYGEN, CARBON
![Page 46: A hydrocarbon is a compound that consists of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062814/56816893550346895ddf1ea3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)