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T Sch Bo An Lc
A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO
Tp 1
(Trn b 2 tp)
THCH N GII HNG
NH XUT BN ANANDA VIET FOUNDATION - 2019
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Copyright 2019 Thch N Gii Hng All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-359-72591-5
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a ch Lin lc: Huong Sen Buddhist Temple 19865 Seaton Avenue Perris, CA 92570. USA Tel: 951 657 7272 Cell: 951 616 8620 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Web: www.huongsentemple.com
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MC LC
Li Gii Thiu i
Li u v
1 Chng 1: S Hnh Thnh &Cu Trc ca A-hm &
Nikaya
01
2 Chng 2: Ngha A-hm 20
3 Chng 3: Nhng Li Pht Dy trong Trng A-hm 33
4 Chng 4: Nhng Li Pht Dy trong Trung A-hm 237
Mc Lc Chi Tit 734
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i
LI GII THIU B i Chnh Tn Tu i Tng Kinh (Taisho Shinshu
Daijokyo) xut x t thi Vua Taisho (i Chnh) Nht
Bn t u th k th 20. y l mt b i Tng Kinh ca
Bc truyn c tng hp cng nh s gio chnh ca cc
nh hc gi Pht Gio Nht Bn lc ng thi qua cc b
Minh i Tng, Cn Long i Tng v.v Tng cng gm
100 quyn, dy mng khc nhau, mi quyn 1.000 n
1.500 trang kh ln. C Ha Thng Thch Tnh Hnh cho
phin dch hon ton sang ting Vit ti i Loan thnh 203
cun ( in c 93 cun), mi cun t 800 n 1.500 trang.
Tng cng cc bn dch v Kinh, Lut, Lun ca i Tha
khng di 250.000 trang sch.
Ring Tng Nam Truyn, C Ha Thng Thch Minh
Chu - Vin Trng Vin i Hc Vn Hnh dch gn
xong trc khi Ngi vin tch t ting Pali sang ting Vit.
Tng cng Kinh, Lut, Lun c 13 quyn, mi quyn t 700
trang n 1.500 trang. y l tng bng ting Pali c chnh
thc vit thnh vn t nm 85 trc Dng Lch. iu y
cng c ngha rng Tng Nam Truyn cng tri qua khu
truyn ca cc v Thnh Tng trn di 500 nm nh vy. C
hai b Nam v Bc Truyn u l nhng Php Bo qu gi
nht ca Pht Gio Vit Nam ni ring cng nh Pht Gio
th gii ni chung. Ngi hc Pht du cho truyn thng
no i chng na th trc sau cng phi i vo i Tng mi
c chiu su v Php c.
Nay Ni S Gii Hng tng hp c ch ring phn A
Hm ca Bc Truyn v Kinh Tng Nikaya qua Nam Truyn
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THCH N GII HNG
ii
xu nn nhng chui ngc ma ni lp lnh, p tuyt vi
qua li dy ca c Pht bng vn phong dch thut, trong
sng cng nh ch gii ca Ha Thng Thch Tu S v
Ha Thng Thch c Thng, l nhng nh hc gi ca
Pht Gio Vit Nam ng i, th cn qu gi no hn na.
V li sut nhng nm hc ti Hc Vin Pht Gio Vit Nam,
vn l hu thn ca i Hc Vn Hnh, c trc tip do C
Ha Thng Thch Minh Chu hng dn, ging dy th chc
rng Ni S thu thp c rt nhiu, k c hai truyn
thng Nam Bc ny. C li ct cng tng hp, phn loi v
c bit l theo th t A, B, C c gi d nhn bit khi
c cng nh tra cu qua cc bn Kinh Trng A Hm,
Trung A Hm, Tp A Hm v Tng Nht A Hm. phn u
v phn cui ca tp 1 v tp 2 l nhng s nghin cu ca
Tc Gi dy cng tng hp li. y l mt cch lm vic
mi m ca nhng th h Tng Ni tr sau ny.
Ring ti ch c mt li nguyn l nhng ngy cn li ca
cuc i ny s c ht tt c 3 Tng Kinh, Lut, Lun ca
Bc truyn ny v cho n hm nay cng c xong 8 cun
trong 203 cun, mi cun 800 trang n 1.500 trang v 4
ch A Hm bn trn. Do vy khi c li ln ny nhng
phn trch dn ca C Gii Hng th ti cng quen i ri.
Xin cm n C cng nh mi ngi cho ti thm nhiu c
hi n li nhng li dy nhim mu ca c Pht, qua tc
phm A Hm- Ma Php chuyn ha phin no ny. c
chim nghim, tu tp cng nh luyn tm, v tm khng
Tu th Tr khng sng, m Tr khng sng th s hiu bit v
gio l ca c Pht vn cn nm ngoi tm tay ca hnh gi
hc Pht.
C dnh tht l nhiu thi gian i vo i Tng. V d
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
iii
nh trong Trng A Hm thuc Kinh Du B s 2 c tn thn
ca ngi v cng c vic hnh hng cc Thnh Tch sau khi
Pht nhp dit. Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 4, ni v
a Ngc th 30. Trng A Hm phn ni v ngi n v
c Pht dn d Ngi A Nan nn b nhng gii cm nh
nht phn Kinh Du B s 2. Ni v c Pht Di Lc, c
Thch Ca Mu Ni cng dy cho cn k trong Trng A
Hm, Kinh Chuyn Lun Vng Tu Hnh, s 6. Phn qu
thn, c Pht cng ni trong Trng A Hm, Kinh Th
K, Phm 8 thuc ao Li Thin s 30. n phn Su T
Nim hay Thp Nim ca Nam Truyn, c Pht cng ni
trong Trng A Hm, Kinh Tam T s 12. Ri n Bt Knh
Php, c Pht cng ni trong Trung A Hm, Kinh C
m Di, Phm 10, s 116. K tip l Tp A Hm, c Pht
ni v ba lai Hng Thm cho Ngi A Nan v i chng
nghe. Phn th t l Tng Nht A Hm, c Pht cng ni
v Bt Quan Trai Gii, Ba Php, 24, Phm Cao Trng, Kinh
s 6. Cng trong Tng Nht A Hm ny, c Pht ni v
vic bo n cha m trong Hai Php 20, Phm Thin Tri Thc,
Kinh s 11. Phn Tm nh kh chuyn cnh th c th tm
trong Tng Nht A Hm, Mt Php 9, Phm Con Mt, Kinh
s 3 v cui cngNhng ch chung trong A Hm l
nhng nhn nh ca Tc Gi qua phn Kinh Tng ny.
Ch nhng ai mun c i sng n c, nhn tnh hnh
tr li Pht dy th mi c thi gian thin tp, tng Kinh, L
bi, nim Pht v t mi c th thm thu c li Pht
dy qua hng trm ngn vn li vo th qu kh xa xi
trong hn 2.600 nm v trc. Cn nhng v Php S no
ng trn quan im ca mnh thuyt ging m ni ci ny
c Pht ni, ci kia khng phi c Pht ni hay kinh in
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THCH N GII HNG
iv
Bc truyn l do cc v T Trung Hoa son ra th cng nn
xem li nhng Kinh in cn bn ny thy rng ti sao s
thng hoa ca Pht Gio i Tha phi c v t Kinh no
trong ting gc Pali m ch T n , Trung Hoa, i Hn,
Nht Bn v Vit Nam th hin nh vy. Tht ra th tinh
thn Thng Ta v i Chng B manh nha sau k kt
tp Kinh in ln th hai ti n cng nh tinh thn Trung
Qun v Bt Nh l do cc Ngi V Trc, Th Thn, M
Minh, Long Th gc ngi n hnh thnh h t tng
ny sau c Pht nhp dit 1.000 nm, ch khng phi hon
ton bin dng t Trung Quc hay Nht Bn. iu quan trng
ca cc v Php S khi ging php th nn ni rng: theo s
hiu bit ca ti hay theo quan nim ca ti l nh vy v.v..
th ngi nghe s khng thc mc, nu bo chc nch rng:
c Pht khng ni nh vy hay ni nh vy theo s hc, s
kin ca mnh th cha hn hon ton ng.
Vy iu cn bn v cn thit cho vic Tu v Hc Pht l
phi Hnh Tr cng nh nghin tm gio in qua nhng
trang Kinh trn, qua chng ta s thm thu c li Pht
dy v xin ng nhn danh bt c ci g chng ta xa dn
nhng li dy cn bn ca c Th Tn. Mong c nh vy
v xin trn trng gii thiu vi cc c gi tc phm gi tr
ny ca Ni S Thch N Gii Hng.
Vit xong li ta ny
vo lc 7 gi sng ngy 29 thng 12 nm t Mi (nhm
ngy 6 thng 2 nm 2016)
ti th phng cha Vin Gic Hannover.
Thch Nh in,
Phng Trng cha Vin Gic Hannover, c Quc.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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LI U
Ma l mt dng ngng t ca hi nc khi gp iu kin
lnh. Ma c th c s dng nh nc ung v l ngun
cung cp nc cho cc loi cy trng cho nn ma c xem
l ngun sng cho tt c cc loi sinh vt trn hnh tinh ca
chng ta. D l ma ro, ma phn hay ma ngu, hng v
ca ma tht l d chu, trong sng nn ma c chng ta
cho n vi mt s vui mng thoi mi nh nhng. Cng
th, php v A-hm tht nh nhng, d hiu, lm ti sng
tm t ca chng ta. A-hm c th y tan nhng dc vng
phin no ang thiu t chng ta v nui ln gii thn tu
mng thnh hin ca chng ta, v th tc phm A-hm: Ma
php chuyn ha phin no (2 tp) xin c ra mt vi ni
dung gii thiu A-hm nh mt sui ngun Pht php khng
th thiu trong vic ti tm v nui dng ngun tm linh
ca chng ta.
Tp 1 (Chng 1. S Hnh Thnh & Cu Trc ca A-hm
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THCH N GII HNG
vi
& Nikaya; 2. Ngha A-hm; 3. Nhng Li Pht Dy trong
Trng A-hm; 4. Nhng Li Pht Dy trong Trung A-hm)
Tp 2 (Chng 1.Nhng Li Pht Dy trong Tp A-hm;
2.Nhng Li Pht Dy trong Tng Nht A-hm; 3.Nhng
Ch Chung trong A-hm; 4. Kt Lun)
Bn b A hm xut pht t ting Phn, Hn v Thng
Ta Tu S cng T Kheo Thch c Thng dch qua Vit
Ng. Bn b Nikaya xut pht t ngn ng Pali v Ha
Thng Thch Minh Chu dch qua Vit Ng. V xut pht t
ngn ng (Phn v Pali) khc nhau nn vn phong chuyn
dch sang Vit Vn c ngn di khc nhau, nhng nhn chung
ni dung tng u ging nhau. Nn nu chng ta hiu bn
b A-hm th chng ta cng s hiu c bn b Nikaya.
l l do trong chng 1, tc gi c s so snh v cu trc c
hai b A-hm v Nikaya.
Bn b A-hm gm c 2086 bi php thoi, nn chng 3
& 4 ca tp 1 v chng 1 v 2 ca tp 2 l phn tm gn cc
bi php thoi A-hm ny. V ta ca tc phm l Ma
php nn tc gi ch ch trng v sp xp cc on vn kinh
tm gn khng theo s th t tun t ca bn b A-hm m
theo th t ca nhng c hnh, tnh cch, tng ca tng
b kinh m c Pht tng cho chng ta. Nhng ch c
hnh ny c kh nng gip chng ta c ci nhn hng
thng hn v cuc sng, nhn cch, tnh tnh, tp qun v
s tu tp gii thot. V cch y 2600 nm, thi ca c Pht
cha c ngh thut in n nn mi khi thuyt ging c Pht
t bi, chu kh trng tuyn li nhiu ln cho cc thnh chng
d nh, cn by gi chng ta may mn c ngh thut in n
nn c nhng on vn, tc gi trch y nh chnh vn dch,
nhng cng c nhng on tc gi lc b nhng phn ph
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
vii
v mu vn trng lp do thi xa truyn khu on vn
ngn gn hn nhng vn ni ln chnh ca c Pht
ging. Tiu ca nhng on vn ny l do tc gi t da
theo ni dung gip c gi d theo di v nm chnh ca
nhng on m chng ta sp c. Mi on u c ghi xut
x, s gip qu c gi d i chiu vi chnh vn kinh. Xut
x khng c ghi s trang v tc gi da vn kinh A-hm trn
website ca http://quangduc.com/ kinhdien/aham.
Nh vy, u tin kinh Pht khng c bn ch vit m ch
da vo truyn khu trng tng. Sau khi, c Pht dit
my trm nm, nh bn k kit tp m kinh tng c kt tp
li nh nhng si ch ng sc kt xu nhng bi php thoi
ri rc ca c Pht li thnh nhng chui ngc trn bo qu
gi trang nghim o tm ca chng ta. Theo thi gian cc
t mi dng ngn ng n c i Pali, Phn ng vit
Tam tng kinh in thnh bn vn c khc trn bn , bn
ng, giy lot, vv... Ri khi Pht gio hng thnh, nhng li
dy ca c Pht vt khi bin gii ca n n khp
nm chu bn bin trn th gii. Tam tng kinh in xut
hin n u th ty theo ngn ng ca t nc m c
chuyn dch ra. Nh ti Vit Nam, cc kinh c dch, xut
x t ngn ng Pali th gi l Kinh tng Nikaya (Nam truyn)
v kinh c dch t ting Hn (gc t Phn ng) th gi l
Kinh A Hm (Bc truyn). Do , c th ni kinh in Pht
gio l vn hc phin dch tc chng ta khng hc thng ngn
ng ca c Pht m c chuyn ng do v t nc v
ngn ng gia chng ta v c Pht vn khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, ni dung gio ngha ca c Pht dy th bt c dn
tc no, ngn ng no hay ti t nc no cng c th ng
dng gii thot v tt c loi ngi u c chung mt bnh
tm l tham sn si v u b lun chuyn trong la sanh t
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THCH N GII HNG
viii
lun hi thiu t. Nn xu chui A-hm qu gi ca c
Pht c kh nng phc v nh mt phng thuc hu hiu v
gi tr bnh tm v bnh sanh t ca tt c chng ta nn
u u cng c th ung v u c hu hiu c.
Chng 3 & 4 (tp 1) v chng 1 v 2 (tp 2) cho
thy c v s ch n hin trong 2086 bi php thoi nh
Kit s, Nghip bo, Lun Hi, Tinh Tn, Su ci, T ,
Sanh t, Nit Bn, Duyn Khi, 37 phm Tr o,vv tuy
nhin tc gi xin mn php bn rng thm v cc ch
chung cn bn m A-hm thng cp, l l do c s
xut hin ca chng 3 (tp 2) gip cho chng ta hiu
c chn ngha ca c Pht dy. Nhn chung, tc phm
A-hm: Ma php chuyn ha phin no (2 tp) ng vai
tr nh l mt hi a-hm, mt ta lu i A-hm, mt cn
ma A-hm vi 2086 git ma ngu, 2086 bi php thoi
gic tnh trong sng.
Ma tng cn rt xung
Ti mt lng con tr
Ra sch trn su ci
Vn sc sng ngy mai.
Sau cn ma cnh tr tng bng, hoa l xanh ti vui reo
vn cao ln cng bt ngt tri xanh. Cng th, m dng
ng gi n c ti tm m nhun ca A-hm m c
tm hoa ti n, ta hng cng c, bc ln thnh v. Gia
cnh i b v lc lng, bit bao u t phin mun, nhiu no
thng trm ln xung, A-hm nh ting chung thc tnh
vang vng ra gia cc no ng y gi bi m. Khng kh
su ci nng n vi nhng phin no lo u, tri nng hng
hc vi la dc tham sn si thiu t th chc nng A-hm
nh v cu tinh ta ra nc mt thanh lng du dng phi i
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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lp bi nhim lm trong sng thn tm chng ta, em li
nim tin v hy vng cho chng ta trong m ti mnh mng.
Sau cn ma tri li sng! Nhng thnh thai tr tu ph tan
m lm c khai n v vn cao ln gia trn gian.
Chng con tha thit nm vc st t, u thnh nh l tri
n Tn s Hi Triu m, ngi thng tng v truyn
trao cho chng con bit chn ngha ca nh cao lu A-hm.
Xin tc d tri n qu Thng Ta Tu S, Thng Ta c
Thng - cc dch gi A-hm. Xin tri n website Qung c v
Buddhismtoday cng cc thin hu tri thc, n na tn th hu
danh, n danh gip cng sc v tnh ti tc phm ny
c n bn. Ma php A-hm v cng vi diu m sc gic
tnh v kh nng kin thc ca chng con qu nh b, s
khng th trnh c cc thiu st khi mo mui ra mt tc
phm ny, knh xin cc bc cao minh ch dy cho nhng thiu
st ln ti bn sau tc phm c hon chnh hn.
Nguyn cu ma php A-hm s thm nhun khp mun
phng, thu nhip vn loi hu tnh ng ln thnh v, ng
thnh chnh gic.
Nam M Thanh Lng a B Tt Ma Ha Tt.
Ma Ngu Moreno Valley,
Cha Hng Sen, ngy 14/03/2012
Thch N Gii Hng
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THCH N GII HNG
x
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12
CHNG 1
S HNH THNH & CU TRC CA A-HM & NIKAYA
Trong lch s, Pht gio c chia thnh hai trng phi
chnh l Pht gio thi k u (Tiu tha) v Pht gio thi
k pht trin (i tha). A-hm v Nikaya l kinh tng
nguyn thy, b kinh cn bn ca Pht gio thuc thi k
u. Nguyn l nguyn s, thy l u tin, tc y l nhng
b kinh truyn thng cha ng nhng thng ip gii thot
cn bn u tin m c Pht tuyn thuyt sau khi chng
ng di ci cy b ti B--o-trng, n . Theo t
Thin Thai (Trung Hoa) th A-hm v Nikaya l nhng bi
php thoi m c Pht tuyn thuyt trong 12 nm u
trong s nghip hong truyn ca c Pht nh bi th
minh ha ny nh sau:
Hoa Nghim ti s tam tht nht,
A-hm thp nh phng ng bt,
Nh thp nh nin Bt Nh m
Php hoa, Nit bn cng bt nin.
Tm dch:
Hoa Nghim hai mi mt ngy
A-hm mi hai, Phng ng tm nm
Mi hai nm bn v Bt Nh
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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Php Hoa, Nit bn thm tm nm.
CC K KIT TP
Kit tp ln th nht
Khong bn thng sau khi c Pht nhp dit, Tn gi Ca-
dip lm thng th, ng ra t chc k kit tp ln th nht
vi s tham d ca 500 v A-la-hn ti hang Tht Dip, thnh
Vng X. Vua A-x-th pht tm cng dng bo tr cho
k kit tp ny. Tn gi A-nan c mi trng tuyn li
nhng li dy ca c Pht v chnh nhng bi php thoi
truyn khu ny l ngun gc su xa hnh thnh nn b A-
hm v Nikaya sau ny.
Kit tp ln th hai
Thi gian tri qua, khong 100 nm sau khi c Pht nhp
dit, c t kheo Bt-K t lp ra mi Tnh php khc hn
gii lut ca c Pht ch ra. Ch Tng phng khong
phng ng tn ng v tun th theo mi iu canh tn
trong khi Tn gi Gia X v nhiu ch Tn c phng ty
phn i v tuyn b y l mi iu phi php. Th l 700
t kheo t cc ni c mi v tham d k kip tp ln th
hai c t chc ti thnh T-x-ly do tn gi Gi X lm
thng th v tn gi u-ba-ly c mi tng Lut. V vy,
k kit tp ny ch yu l lut tng, xc nh li gii lut ca
c Pht quy ch v tuyn b mi tnh gii l phi php
v nhn y cc ngi cng kit tp li cc kinh in. Bi do
kin bt ng nh trn, nn trong tng on Pht gio bt u
hnh thnh hai phi l Thng-Ta-b (bo th kh kh gi
ng nhng g c Pht ch) v i-Chng-b (uyn chuyn
thay i).
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THCH N GII HNG
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Kit tp ln th ba
Sau khi c Pht nhp dit khong 236 nm, tc l thi Vua
A-dc, i chng tp hp ti thnh Hoa Th t chc k kit
tp ln th ba v tn gi Mc-kin-lin-t--tu c c lm
thng th ch ta bui kit tp. T hai phi chnh ca
Thng ta v i chng b nay pht trin thnh khong
20 b phi Pht gio. Thng ta b lc by gi c gi l
Phn bit thuyt b, c hong A-dc u v ng h
mnh m. Phn bit thuyt b l cha ca ng dip b v
chnh ng dip b kit tp nm b Nikya rt y .
Ba k kit tp trn ch l do truyn khu trng tng ch cha
c ngh thut n lot xut hin.
Kit tp ln th t
Sau khi c Pht nhp Nit Bn khong 400 nm, tc l vo
thi vua Ca-n-sc-ca. Vua thy gio ngha trong 20 h phi
Pht gio khng ging nhau nn vua pht tm t chc v bo
tr cho k kit tp ln th t. Tn gi Th Hu c c lm
thng th ch ta v c bn tn gi ph hi l Hip tn gi,
Php Cu, Diu m v Gic Thin. K kit tp ny cc ngi
ch thch kinh, lut, lun v tt c c chp thnh vn.
Vua Ca-n-sc-ca cho khc tam tng kinh in vo bn bng
ng v th trong bo thp.
Tm li, A-hm v Nikaya c tng vo k kit tp ln th
nht, t ln kit tp th hai v sau, tc vo khong th k III
trc cng nguyn l thi k A-hm v Nikaya chnh thc
c thnh lp y .1
1 2500 Years of Buddhism, Prof. P.Y Bapat. Publications Division.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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S TRUYN THA CA KINH A-HM V NIKAYA
Sau khi c Pht nhp dit khong 100 nm, gio on thng
nht ca Pht gio Nguyn Thy chia thnh hai phi chnh l
i Chng B (phng Bc) v Thng Ta B (phng
Nam). Kinh in ca Thng Ta B l nm b kinh tng
Nikaya (Trng B, Trung B, Tng ng B, Tng chi B
v Tiu B) c chp bng ngn ng n c i Pli.
Kinh in ca i Chng B l bn b A-hm (Trng A-
hm, Trung A-hm, Tp A-hm v Tng Nht A-hm) c
ghi li bng Phn ng.
PHN LOI A-HM V NIKAYA
A-HM
A-hm gm c bn b:
a/. Trng A-hm (Dirghagama) 22 quyn do ngi Pht--
da-x v Trc Pht Nim dch t Phn ra Hn vn. Nm
1999, Pht lch 2543, Thng Ta Tu S dch ra Vit Vn v
hiu ch.
b/. Trung A-hm (Madhyamagama) 60 quyn, do ngi Pht-
-da-x v Trc Pht Nim dch t Phn ra Hn vn. Nm
1999, Pht lch 2543, Thng Ta Tu S dch ra Vit Vn v
hiu ch.
c/. Tp A-hm (Samyukta-agama) 50 quyn, do Tam Tng
Cu-na-bt--la dch t Phn ra Hn vn. Nm 2002, Pht
lch 2546, Thng Ta c Thng dch ra Vit Vn v Goverment of India: 2009. http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/
details/2500-years-of-buddhism-IHF035
http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/ -
THCH N GII HNG
16
Thng Ta Tu S hiu nh cng nh ch thch.
d/. Tng Nht A-hm (Ekottara-agama) 50 quyn c Tam
tng C-m Tng-gi--b dch t Phn ra Hn vn. Nm
2005, Pht lch 2549, Thng Ta c Thng dch ra Vit
Vn v Thng Ta Tu S hiu nh cng nh ch thch.
NIKAYA
Nm b Nikya b ch yu l do Ha Thng Thch Minh
Chu dch t ngn ng c i Pali sang Vit Ng. Ngi
hiu nh v xut bn nm 1991.
a/. Trng b kinh (Dgha - Nikya)
b/. Trung b kinh (Majhima - Nikya)
c/. Tng ng b kinh (Samyutta - Nikya)
d/. Tng chi b kinh (Angttara - Nikya)
e/. Tiu b kinh (Khuddaka - Nikya)
S GING NHAU & KHC NHAU GIA A-HM &
NIKAYA
Trng A-hm tng ng vi Trng B kinh (Nikaya).
Trng l nhng bi php thoi di.
Trung A-hm tng ng vi Trung B kinh (Nikaya).
Trung l nhng bi php thoi va va, bc trung.
Tp A-hm tng ng vi Tng ng B kinh (Nikaya).
Tng ng l nhng bi php thoi c ni dung tng t
nhau.
Tng Nht A-hm tng ng vi Tng-chi B kinh
(Nikaya). Tng nht l nhng bi php thoi sp xp theo con
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
17
s th t tng dn.
Tiu b kinh thuc Nam truyn v bn Bc Truyn A-hm
khng c tiu b ny. Tiu b gm c 15 tp nh 1) kinh Tiu
tng (Khuddaka Ptha), 2) Php c (Dhammapada), 3) Cm
hng ng, Pht t thuyt (Udna), 4) Pht thuyt nh vy
(Itivuttaka), 5) Kinh tp (Suttanipta), 6) Chuyn Thin cung
(Vimanavatthu), 7) Chuyn Ng qu (Petavatthu), 8) Trng
lo Tng k (Theragth), 9) Trng lo Ni k (Therigth),
10) Bn sanh hay Chuyn tin thn c Pht (Jtaka), 11)
Ngha tch (Nidesa), 12) V ngi gii
o(Patisambhidmagga), 13) S nghip anh hng
(Apadana), 14) Pht s (Buddhavamsa), 15) S hnh tng
(Cariy Pitaka).
Nh vy, ton b li Pht dy c chia lm hai nhm:
Php (dhamma) tc Kinh tng gm bn b A-hm (Trng
A-hm, Trung A-hm, Tp A-hm v Tng Nht A-hm) hay
nm b Nikaya (Trng B, Trung B, Tng ng, Tng
Chi v Tiu B).
Lut (vinaya) cn gi l lut tng, tc nguyn tc gii lut
o c, oai nghi.
S LNG CA A-HM & NIKAYA
1. KINH TRNG A-HM V TRNG B KINH
Kinh Trng A-hm gm 30 kinh.
Trng B Kinh c 34 kinh.
2. KINH TRUNG A-HM V TRUNG B KINH
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THCH N GII HNG
18
Kinh Trung A-hm c 222 kinh.
Trung B Kinh c 152 kinh.
3. KINH TP A HM V TNG NG B KINH
Tp A-hm c1.362 tiu kinh.
Tng ng B gm c 2858 tiu kinh.
4. KINH TNG NHT AHM V TNG CHI B KINH
Tng Nht A-hm gm c 472 kinh.
Tng Chi B l tuyn tp 9.557 bi Kinh.
Cng li ton s lng ca bn b A-hm c khong
(30+222+472+1362) 2.086 bn kinh v bn b Nikaya c
khong (34+152+9557+2858) 12.601 bn kinh (cha tnh
Tiu b kinh). Nh vy, s lng php thoi c Pht
li cho chng ta rt nhiu.
Tm li, u tin kinh Pht khng c bn ch vit m ch da
vo truyn khu trng tng. Sau khi, c Pht dit my
trm nm, nh bn k kit tp ni trn m kinh in c kt
tp li nh nhng si ch ng sc kt xu li nhng ht trai
ca c Pht thnh nhng chui php bo qu gi trang
nghim o tm ca chng ta. Ri theo thi gian cc t mi
dng ngn ng n c i Pali, Phn ng vit Tam tng
kinh in thnh bn vn hay khc trn bn , bn ng, vv...
Ri khi Pht gio hng thnh, nhng li dy ca c Pht
vt khi bin gii ca n n khp nhiu nc trn
khp th gii. Tam tng kinh in n u th ty theo ngn
ng ca t nc m c chuyn dch ra. Nh ti Vit
Nam, kinh tng c chuyn ng, xut x t ngn ng Pali
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
19
th gi l Kinh tng Nikaya (Nam truyn) v kinh c dch
t ting Hn (gc t Phn ng) th gi l Kinh A-hm (Bc
truyn).
Do , c th ni kinh in Pht gio l vn hc phin dch
tc chng ta khng hc thng ngn ng ca c Pht m
c chuyn ng do v chng ta v c Pht vn khc t
nc v ngn ng. Tuy nhin, ni dung gio ngha ca c
Pht dy th bt c ngi no, ngn ng no hay ti t nc
no cng c th ng dng gii thot v tt c con ngi
u c chung bnh tm l tham sn si v u b lun chuyn
sanh t lun hi. Nn xu chui trai php bo qu gi ca
Pht gio c kh nng phc v nh mt phng thuc hu
hiu v gi, c kh nng tr bnh tm v bnh sanh t ca tt
c chng ta nn u cng u c th ung c c.
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20
CHNG 2
NGHA A HM
NH NGHA A-HM
A-hm ngha l php quy (ni quy th ca mun php), cn
dch l v t php (php ti thng), gio truyn (gio php
c ln lt truyn trao nhau). i s Tng Triu (374-414)
ni v ngha ca thut t A-hm nh sau: Kinh A-hm
ny l uyn ph ca mi im lnh, l khu rng tm thu ht
thy, va uyn bc va bao la, thuyt minh du tch ca hin
ngu ti phc, phn tch cn do ca chn ngy d ng, ghi
chp bao nhiu vic c kim thnh bi, bao hm ht c vn loi
t tri. o t y m ra. Php t y m tn ti. V nh
bin c, trm sng u dn v, nn gi l php quy.
Php l vn php, quy l quay v. Php quy ngha l tt c
vn php u quy v mt loi kinh A-hm ny. A-hm l mt
khu rng bt ngt mnh mng, nh chng 1 cng li bn
b A-hm c khong 2086 bn kinh v bn b Nikaya c
khong 12.601 bn kinh, cng nh cc on chnh vn ca
chng 3 v 4 (tp 1) n chng 1 v 2 (tp 2) cho chng
ta thy A-hm ny cha ng bao nhiu ngn bi kinh
hng thng rt qu gi.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
21
Thuyt l ni, minh l lm cho t, phn tch cho sng thm ra.
Khu rng A-hm ny thuyt minh r nhng nguyn do ca
ng li chn ngy d ng, soi t ng i ca k ngu v
ngi tr. Ngi hin th thch lm phc, cn k ngu th
thch lm ti. Thuyt minh nh th cho chng ta trnh i
vo ng ngu m ti li, sanh t a y m hy chn ly
ng thnh hin gii thot an lc.
CHN NGY D NG
Ngy l s khng ng vi l phi, chn l chn tht. Ch
chn i vi ch ngy. V nh chng ta cu tu tp cho
thin h ngi ta cng dng th th l ngy, xo tr. Chng
ta hin ci tng ta h nh hay nhng n li l d, cho nn
gi l ngy, trong ch ngy c tnh xo tr. Chng ta tu tp
ci b nhng s thy sai lm v suy ngh sai lm t lch
kip sng vi s tht ca thn, th, tm, php m T nim
x dy th ci gi l chn. Cn nu tu tp cu tin
cu bc, hoc cu cho ngi ta khen chng ta tu gii th ci
l ngy.
ng l ging nhau, tuy cng vic c khc nhau nhng ng
mt mc ch. V nh by gi c ngi khng tu T nim x
nhng v y mt lng mt d chn tht chm sc bnh nhn,
lm vic t thin, nh phi on bc s i cha bnh cho
nhng ngi m au, bnh tt; hay nhng nh mnh thng
qun i cng dng tam bo; hay cc nh t thin i b th
cu gip nhng nn thin tai l lt, sng thn, ng t, dch
t, vv th nhng ngi y i vi nhng ngi ngi tnh ta
tu T nim x vy l ng, l ging vi ngi tu tp y. Bn
ngoi ta h nh nhng v y khng tu nhng tht ra nhng
v y vn ang lm vic Pht, tm Pht. l v tt c cng
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THCH N GII HNG
22
ng mt mc ch.
D l khc nhau, tuy hnh tng ging nhau nhng sc tp
trung hay mc ch t c khng ging nhau. V d cng l
hai Pht t mc o trng n cha tu tp nhng mc ch
khc nhau. Mt v th t ni chuyn tm c tnh m qun
thin minh st tu nhng mt v th n gp bn b trong
cha tm s, ch nh vng v, t ngi th bun qu.
Hoc c hai ngi cng ngi tu tp T nim x sut ngy
ngi t sng n ti, ng bt c ca li, bt c tai li thin
qun. Mt ngi tuyn b vi mi ngi l ti ang tnh
khu, cm ht khng ai c ph ri cho ti ngi c
yn. Ri trong lc tnh ta m tm ca v y tnh ton vic
ny vic kia, khng bit ch nht tivi chiu phim g, khng
bit bn A, B ca mnh ang lm g th v y so vi ngi tnh
ta chn tht v min mt kia l d. Tuy l cng mc T
nim x vi nhau, cng ngi trong o trng chuyn tu yn
tnh, nhng hai tm i hng khc nhau. Nn vic ngi tnh
ta y ch mt th gi v ch v tm chy theo su thc, theo
ng trin ci sai s m li th nhn s knh trng v s ng
h ca Pht t cho nn gi l d, l khc.
CHN NGY L DO U?
C nhng ngi sng chn tht nhng cng c nhng ngi
sng ngy. Nguyn do lm sao c ngi gieo nhn lnh
nhng cng c ngi khc gieo nhn xu? V c ngi hc
A-hm bit c s tht rng thn bt tnh, th th kh, tm
v thng, php v ng. V y hiu c l phi, bit thn
ny l t nc gi la nn tha h ai ch bai, ai ni chuyn
trn, chuyn mo, ni ci g cng c, l vic ca h.
Cn chng ta c sng theo cuc i ca mnh, ng li tu
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
23
tp ca mnh bi v mnh bit thn ny l ng t h vng
mai s tan i, m chnh nhng ai mi ni kia cng l nhng
ng t tm hp ri mai tan i, sp sa em b vo quan ti
a i chn c. Do gic bit nh th, chng ta khng b tham
sn chi phi, khng lm nhng sai quy, h ngy, khng bn
lng vi th phi m bnh tnh, thn nhin, an n, sng chn
tht, khng h ngy cho nn khng b a lc. Cn ngi
khng gic bit T nim x, c tng thn bng t ny l
thn mnh tht, cho nn su cn xc su trn lin khi ln no
l gin hn, him hn, chuyn trn chuyn mo, mua on kt
th, sng h, sng ngy to th kh, u l do hai ch
gic bit hay khng gic bit.
Do s khng gic bit ny, c Thch Ca v lng t bi phi
ging sanh xung th gian ny ging A-hm khai th
cho chng ta ng m mui na, khai tnh cho chng ta bit
s tht, hiu l phi th chng ta mi sng ng con ng,
ng vi s tht. c Pht phi thuyt php nhng khng
phi ch mt bi m v s bi php thoi. Bn b A-hm c
khong 2.086 bn kinh v bn b Nikaya c khong 12.601
bn kinh (cha k Tiu B). Nh vy, nguyn b A-hm hay
Nikaya ny phn tch nguyn do ngun gc ca s kh, s
m, iu xu chng ta tnh ra, bit s tht v hiu l phi,
cn t trc ti gi chng ta c ngy, c di lo l bi v
chng ta khng bit, khng hiu, chung quy bi ch v m
lm.
NG LI CA HIN NGU V TI PHC
T chng 3 v 4 (tp 1) n chng 1 v 2 (tp 2) trong tc
phm ny l bao nhiu bi php thoi phn tch nhng cn
nguyn v qu bo ca nghip thin c chng ta t chn
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THCH N GII HNG
24
con ng i, chng ta thy hnh tng ca s tu hnh v
a lc, thy ng li ca hin ngu v ti phc. Mi khi
thy ngi bn mnh ni sn, hay ngi ta ni mt li ni sai,
chng ta phi tm nguyn do ci ch khng ha gia cc ch
em chng ta em s ha m li cho hai ngi. Cho nn
tht tnh lm ci g cng phi thy c ci gc, ci nguyn
do ca n.
Trong A-hm, c Pht khng nhng ni v cc bc hin v
k ngu trong hin ti m cn thuyt minh nhng ti phc
ca hin ngu trong qu kh v tng lai. Kinh T Chu
(Trung A-hm, s 26, phm s 6), c Pht ging v nhn
th no, qu th ny qua cu chuyn ca vua nh Sanh. Vua
l mt v Chuyn Lun Vng giu c sung sng lm. Mt
hm, vua nh Sanh c c sanh ln ci tri. Bi v phc
c ca vua rt ln, cho nn va ngh n th thn ngi lin
bay c ln tri. Vua Thch trng thy ngi lin chia na
ta ngi v hai v ngi chung vi nhau trn mt ta ngai vng
qu gi sang trng. Ngi c vua Thch nhng cho na
ta ngi nhng m trong thm tm ngi li mun chim trn
ngai vng y, mun cp ngi vua Thch mnh c
lm vua ci tri vnh vin, ngay khi nim tht c y va dy
khi th khin cho ngi b rt ngay xung th gian. Ri bi
trn ci tri sung sng v xinh p qu nn thn trn gian
m tm ngi c tng nh n ng dc ca ci tri v chn
th gian v thy ci g cng khng va , cng u, bnh
hon, xu x, khng p v lu bn nh trn tri, cho nn vua
nh Sanh cht trong trng thi khng tha mn, su bi kh
u no. Th th, chng ta thy l mt v vua Chuyn Lun
Vng c phc c ln tn trn ci tri ri m ngi li cht
trong kh no vy th li ti ai? Ti lng tham khng y.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
25
Cho nn chng ta, vic thit yu l phi quay v m soi mnh,
phi bit mnh c nhng ch sai, ch phi, ci no hay d ca
mnh. Chng ta phi thy, phi bit ri sa tr mnh, lm ch
c mnh, y l gc ca s bnh an v gc ca bc hin
thnh qun t, cn nu khng lm ch c mnh th nh vua
nh Sanh, c cho tm tham lam phng tng y li i ri
c mt b nhm mt m theo ng m n ni c i phc
giu sang v quyn v nh th m tr thnh mt con ngi
cht trong su bi kh u no. l do lng tham dn dt v
a n kt qu tht bi nh vy. Cn cc bc hin nhn qun
t lm nhng vic lnh v gi tm mnh trong sng, khng
theo ng m, cho nn thnh cng trong s nghip tu hnh
tt p ca mnh.
PHN MINH T CHNH
H chng ta hc A-hm l chng ta s gic tnh c lin v
kinh dy th no l t, th no l chnh rt phn minh nh
m v ngy. Ban m ti en chng ta khng trng thy
ng i, cn by gi mt tri mc ln th thy sng t.
Chng ta phn bit c ngy vi m hai mt khc nhau r
rt, cng th, chng ta s phn bit c iu t iu chnh,
iu phi iu tri, ngi hin ngi ngu r rng hin nhin
nh th v d nhn ra, ai cng thy cng bit. Chng ta s
thy m vi ngy r rng trong li ni, hnh vi v tm tng
ca chng ta. Ni li t, mnh bit l mnh t; ni li chnh
mnh bit mnh chnh; ch nhiu khi ni lo ba hoa m c
cho ti l ngi hay ngi gii ti. S ng nhng ngi ngu
thng hay nh vy. Cho nn y c Pht, ch T mi
khuyn chng ta nn hc A-hm bit r v chnh t, hin
ngu khc nhau nh s tri hn nhau gia sng v ti. Ngi
ngu lm vic sai m li c cho l mnh hay lm, th cho nn
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THCH N GII HNG
26
y l ngi ngu. Chnh nhng ngi hay vnh vo, cho ta
hay, ta ti gii, nhng v y trong A-hm gi l nhng ngi
ngu, cn nhng ngi khim tn nhn nhng, khng c t
mn th trong A-hm gi l nhng ngi hin.
NHN QU BO NG
Nhn qu bo ng tuy kh nhn nhng hc A-hm chng ta
s thy nhn qu s chc chn xy ra nh vang theo ting,
khin chng ta phi tin l chc chn ch khng c m h.
By gi i n cp tin ca ngi ta th chn chn mai y
phi lm con tru, con b ko cy tr n. Nhng con chim,
con c y c b bt bn bi v nhng con chim, con c y
n ngi bn hng cho nn chng phi em thn cho ngi ta
bn ngi ta ly tin. Ngi ta bn c my ng mt
con chim, mt con c; y l chng c gim n, ri chng
phi c nhng ci thn khc gim n na, c th cho n
ht n th thi. Th cho nn by gi ngoi ch v s ngi
ang bn nhng ging sinh vt nh c, cua, tm, c, chim,
vv l ti chng mang n ngy trc, cho nn by gi phi
lm nhng ci thn y n n m tr bit bao gi cho ht.
V trong khi lm thn n n y, lm ci thn m mui ti
tm y th chng u c bit gi gii tr trai, nn thay v ht
nghip th li to thm nghip khc, do vy, t m vo m.
ng m li cng c i mi, tr xong ci n ny li cn ci
n khc cho nn khng bit n bao gi mi tnh ra. Tht ti
nghip! V vy, A-hm dy cho chng ta phi hc tin chc
rng vic bo ng khng sai chy, ng c d ngi xem
thng. By gi c n trm ca ngi ta th mnh ly lm
sung sng, v c tin mua xe, mua nh, i chi, em tin v
cho gia nh, em tin v cho ngi ny ngi kia, thy vui
v sung sng tng th l mnh khn, u c d rng tng
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
27
thc ca chng ta ghi tt c nhng hnh ng thin c ca
thn khu , ging nh mt ci my thu (record) lng l
minh (thy), k (nh), c (nim), tr (gi) ht. Tng thc ghi
nh th tm thc ca chng ta dn dn chuyn bin, cho
nn by gi ang lm mt ngi ng hong nhng m i n
cp, ni di, phm gii, ph trai th tng thc n ang ghi v
tng thc ang chuyn bin khin kip sau mang thn sc
sanh lm con tru, con b tr n. Chng ta by gi c th
ch trng thy l mt v Pht t rt thun thnh y thi ch
khng ng rng sc thn y ang sa son lm thn con tru
ko cy tr n mt khi thn ngi ny tan hoi ta nh chic
bnh sp mc v r ra.
Cng nh cu chuyn c mt thy Tam Tng t kheo ch
mt v tng gi l tng kinh nh ch sa. Th l tng thc ca
thy Tam tng minh, k, c, tr cc li ch bai y; ri tng
thc y chuyn bin khin kip sau thy b lm con ch m
ti 500 i phi lm ch. By gi chng ta ch thy l mt
thy t kheo php s, ch chng ta khng ng l v thng
ta y s n hin trong lp ch ch v mt li ch bai. Thn
Thy t kheo y sp tan r i v thn con ch s hin ra.
Chng ta cng vy, ang lm mt bc xut gia c mi
ngi knh ngng, hay mt v Pht t thun thnh h php
nhng khng kho trong thn khu th thn ny s d
chuyn sang thn tru, b, ch, nga, bi v c Pht dy:
Ci dim ph ny nht c nht ng u d ri vo tam
. Ni y, chng ta s d s xut khin b ri vo sc
sanh, a ngc, ng qu. Xc thn ngi ang dn dn phai i
v thn con tru ang dn dn hin l do nhng c hnh ni
thn khu ca mnh. y l nhng vic chng ta khng
trng thy nhng m c tht hin nhin cho nn trong A-hm
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THCH N GII HNG
28
dy rng vic bo ng rt l kh nhn, chng ta kh bit y
nhng m chc chn s c nh m vang theo ting. Y nh vo
mt ci hang hay vo mt ci nh king, chng ta ku ln mt
ting th nghe c m vang ca chng vng li. y l m
vang ng theo thanh, vang theo ting chc chn, khng th
no m trnh c. Nu tht ln mt ting ch th th
no cng phi c m vang p li, khng th no m khng
c, cho nn gi l chc chn nh vang theo ting.
NH BNG THEO HNH
Gia tra chng ta ng ngoi tri th c ci bng ng ca
thn ta. Khi chng ta i ti lui cng c ci bng hin theo, c
ci thn i u th bng hnh n hin ln y. Ci thn u
ny th ci hnh n hin u ny; n lc ci thn i xung
gc ph kia th ci hnh n cng hin theo gc ph kia. Chng
ta khng th bo ci bng ng y, ch thn mnh i n
pha trc thi bi v ci bng khng phi l mt thc th
ring r m n lun lun theo cng vi ci thn. Do nh sng
chiu vo ci thn v nh chiu ra, nn bng t xc thn ta m
hin ra. Cng th, vic bo ng, nhn qu ca li ni, vic
lm cng vy. Chng ta lm lnh, lm c th s c qu tng
ng cng ging nh ngi ln th ci bng s ln, ngi nh
th ci bng phi nh, ci ngi ngho u ng ny th ci
hnh s ngho u ng ny, bi v bng hnh l t ngi y
m ra. Th th y cng th, t vic n trm n cp th n s
khin ra hu qu ca n trm, n cp. T li ni bt chnh s
ra ci qu bo bt chnh, khng trnh c, cho nn ni chc
chn nh bng theo hnh. Mi khi chng ta lm mt vic by
th nn bit chc chn rng th no cng c qu by ch
khng th no trt c, lm ci vic lnh th chc chn iu
lnh s n chc chn. Vy ngi khn nn th no? Bit
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
29
c iu tt p, iu lnh chc chn s n vi mnh v th
m c gng lm lnh. Bit mnh ni li sai, lm vic sai th
chc chn c ci qu bo s n, bit chc chn nh vy cho
nn ng lm iu sai na.
S KIP TA XA VI
S kip ta xa vi m gn k nh sng ti. Ci g l s kip
ta xa vi v v sao s kip li xa vi vi chng ta? Xa kia
chng ta lm con b, by gi lm ngi, ri mai li l con
tru. l s kip, l i sng ca chng ta. Cn by gi i
n trm tin ca ngi ta c tin n chi du h tha h vui
v, tng nh ci chuyn lm tru i vi mnh xa vi lm,
gn nh l khng ngh ti l v sau phi ko cy tr n. Th
cho nn mi bo l s kip mnh tng nh xa lm, th nhng
tht ra gn k nh bui sng vi ti, va mi sng xong th
ti, va mi ti n sng. Hai bui sng vi ti tip nhau
nh th cho nn gi l gn k. Khng bit rng ngay lc
chng ta a tay n trm ca ngi th ci thn tru ngay
trong tm mnh, ngay trong tng thc mnh ri nhng m
chng ta c tng l xa xi lm, cn lu lm.
PHT SANH NH V TU
Hc kinh A-hm l trnh c lm lnh, gi gn thn khu ,
do tm khng tn lon. Do tm im tnh, khng lon m
pht sanh tr tu sng sut. Nh vy, chng ta hc A-hm vi
mc ch nui dng s im tnh v tr tu.
V sao c bao nhiu s tch, bao nhiu chuyn, bao nhiu th
rt cn hc trn i m trong A-hm, c Pht ch nhn
mnh cn c hai l tr tu v s an nh ca tinh thn? Ti sao
chng ta li cn s an nh v tr tu? V bung lung tn lon
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THCH N GII HNG
30
mt s im tnh th khng th an nh, c an nh th mi c
tr tu. Ngi an nh, c tr tu l do sng sut, bit c
vic ny vic kia, vic xu vic tt, vic hin ngu, ti phc,
cn bung lung tn lon, mt s im tnh, mt s an n ca
tinh thn th khng c ci sng sut, m sng sut l then cht
chng ta sng yn n trong i.
A-hm c kh nng cu t o v i, ngha l khng nhng
ch li cho ngi trong cha m c ngi th gian. Nhng
ngi ti gia cng cn phi hc kinh A-hm ny cu t c
o v i. o l i sng ca nhng ngi xut gia, cn
i l i sng ca nhng ngi th gian. Tt c u cn kinh
A-hm ny gip chng ta yn n trong gia nh v trong
chn thin mn.
KHU RNG PHONG PH BAO LA
Trong A-hm ny, c Pht k nhiu cu chuyn v thnh
bi, hin ngu, phc ti ca loi ngi, chuyn ca ch thin
trn tri, chuyn a ngc, ng qu, sc sanh, chuyn trn
rng di bin, bao hm vn loi trong tri t, th cho nn
gi l php quy (vn php quay v y) nh trm sng dn v
bin c tc l dn v mt mc ch. V c c rng ca 2.086
bn kinh nn c Pht ging dy rt nhiu kha cnh ca cc
ci v tt c nhng loi php u quy t v y nn gi l A-
hm. Nh cng c ni v vn php bao la ny m o t y
pht khi, php do y tn ti.
O T Y PHT KHI
o l con ng, Pht l sng sut. Nh c Pht ni
nhng con ng tm linh m ngi chng nghim v ch t
tip ni thc hnh thy hiu nghim truyn xung, ri chng
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
31
ta hc tu theo. Nh vy l c Pht vch mt con ng cho
chng ta i, con ng sng sut, con ng i vo tr tu
cho nn gi l o Pht.
Nh hc l thuyt v hiu khi thc hnh A-hm, chng ta mi
thy con ng t r ra. Con ng t m n tnh, t kh
n an vui, t phm phu ln hin thnh, ri chng ta mi mt
lng i con ng ny hin l o ln nn gi l o do
y, tc o do A-hm m pht khi. V th, chng ta phi
pht tm hc v hnh theo A-hm.
PHP DO Y TN TI
Php l nhng phng php tu hnh, cc php mn gii thot
hay nhng g c Pht dy nh gii lut, t nim x, by
gic chi, ba mi by phm tr o, vv Php do y m tn
ti tc t A-hm m o c vch t, o c pht khi,
ngha l chng ta hc b A-hm, chng ta hiu iu phi, hiu
con ng chn tht, chng ta nm c ng tht, nm
c cc php mn th chng ta nht nh tu, nht nh th
tr. Nh vo tu tp v th tr m cc php mn ca c Pht
mi tn ti. V c Pht thuyt ging cch y 2600 nm m
khng c ngi hc, ngi hiu, khng c ngi th, ngi
tr th by gi chng ta khng bit n php Pht na.
2600 nm tri qua, nhng lit v t s bt nhp cu tip ni
t v ny truyn v kia, v kia truyn xung v n, cho ti ngy
nay A-hm cn li cho chng ta hc. Cho nn, nh A-hm
ny m cc php mn tu tp thnh thnh hin ca c Pht
mi cn tn ti. Nu m khng c cc b A-hm cn li th
chng ta by gi u c bit ti phc, nhn qu m tu.
Nhng php mn tu phi do cc T th tr v truyn li
chng ta by gi cng th nhn v duy tr ngy mai chng
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THCH N GII HNG
32
ta cng c th gi c o v truyn li cho ngi sau, th
l php do y m tn ti nh Kinh Pht Thuyt Nguyt D
dy:
T kheo an tr vo s hiu bit chn chnh, ri cc nhim
nh luyn vng rng; kh tr cht u, thy php nh th,
chng php nh th, l php c th la sanh gi bnh cht, su
bi u no. Dng php nh th v ngi khc ni, khin ngi
kia t c s nghe php nh th, theo tu hnh, trong
m di c li lc ln. Do , chnh php c tn ti lu
di.
Tm li, kinh ni trm sng dn v bin c, tc l chuyn
p xu, chuyn hay d, ti phc cn bn ca loi ngi v
cc loi khc u bao gm ht trong A-hm ny. Nhiu vic
nh kinh A-hm ny m chng ta mi hiu c ht, nht l
nhng vic ra khi vng lun hi su ci ny. y l bin
kinh (ch khng phi vi cun kinh) cha ht, l mt khu
rng uyn bc, bao la, phong ph c ht. Tm ca i s
Tng Triu khuyn chng ta khng nn i tm hc u u
m hy quay v cn bn vi A-hm ny bi l chnh y
mi p ng c tt c nhng nhu cu tm linh v nhng
hng dn tu tp cn bn chng ta c th xa ri cnh gii
phm phu m bc ln nc thang thnh v.
-
33
CHNG 3
NHNG LI PHT DY TRONG TRNG A HM
BA BC THY
Thy th nht, co b ru tc, mc ba php y, xut gia tu o,
ri ngay trong i ny m c th tr cc phin no, li c
th tng trng c php thng nhn; nhng v y trong
i ny m khng th tr cc phin no, khng chng c
php thng nhn; o nghip ca mnh cha thnh m li
thuyt php cho t. Cc t y khng cung knh phng
th, nhng li ch nng ta, cng sng chung vi nhau.
Cng nh c ngi ph b ngc t c, ri li xy ngc t
mi. Nh th gi l php tham, trc, xu xa.
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THCH N GII HNG
34
Bc thy th hai, co b ru tc, mc ba php y, xut gia tu
o, ri ngay trong i ny m c th tr cc th phin
no, li c th tng trng c php thng nhn. Nhng v
y trong i ny m khng th tr cc phin no; tuy c
chng c mt t php thng nhn, nhng o nghip ca
mnh cha thnh tu m li thuyt php cho t. Cc t
y khng cung knh phng th, nhng li ch nng ta, cng
sng chung vi nhau m thi. Ging nh c ngi i theo sau
ngi khc, a tay xoa lng k y, y gi l php tham,
trc, xu xa.
Thy th ba l co b ru tc, mc ba php y, xut gia tu o,
trong i ny, ng l c th tr phin no, li c th tng
trng c php thng nhn; nhng trong i ny li
khng th tr cc th phin no; tuy c chng c mt t php
thng nhn, nhng vic li mnh cha thnh tu, m li ni
php cho t. Cc t y khng cung knh phng th, m
ch l nng ta, cng sng chung vy thi. Cng nh c
ngi b la m ca mnh, i cy rung ngi khc.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh L Gi, s 29)
BA MI HAI TNG I NHN
Bn chn bng phng y n, i ng vng vng.
Di bn chn c du ch nh bnh xe c ngn cm, nh sng
xen nhau.
C mng li mng gia k ngn tay, chn nh chn ngng
cha.
Tay chn mm mi nh o tri.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
35
Ngn tay chn thon di khng ai bng.
Gt chn y n trng khng chn.
ng chn thon di nh ca nai.
Cc khp xng mc ly nhau nh xch chuyn.
M m tng.
ng thng tay dui di qu gi.
Mi chn lng u c mt si lng. Si lng y xoy hu,
mu lu ly xanh bic.
Lng mc xoay pha hu, mu xanh bic thng ln.
Thn sc hunh kim.
Da tht mn mng khng dnh bi nh.
Hai vai ngang bng y n trn p.
Gia ngc c ch vn.
Thn cao gp i ngi thng.
By ch trong ngi y n.
Mnh cao to ln nh cy ni-cu-l.
Hai m nh s t.
Ngc vung y nh ngc s t.
C bn mi ci rng.
Rng ngang bng y n.
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THCH N GII HNG
36
Rng kht nhau khng h.
Rng trng, trong sng.
Yt hu thanh sch, n thc g cng thch hp.
Li rng di c th lim ti mp tai.
Ting ni trong r nh ting Phm thin.
Con mt mu xanh bic.
Mt nh mt tru cha, trn di c hai m.
C lng trng gia hai chn my, mm mi ko ra di mt
tm.
Trn nh c ch tht ni. y l 32 tng i nhn.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh i Bn Duyn, s 1)
BA PHP
Ba thin cn: khng tham, khng nhu v khng si.
Ba thin hnh: thin hnh ca thn, khu v .
Ba tng thin: v dc tng, v sn tng v v hi tng.
Ba t thin: v dc t, v nhu t v v hi t.
Ba loi phc nghip: nghip b th, bnh ng v t duy.
Ba i: dc i, hu i, v hu i.
Ba hu lu: dc lu, hu lu v v minh lu.
Ba th la: la dc, la sn v la si.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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Ba cu: dc cu, hu cu v phm hnh cu.
Ba tng thnh: ng tng thnh, th tng thnh v php tng
thnh.
Ba gii: dc gii, sn gii v hi gii.
Ba gii: sc gii, v sc gii, tn gii.
Ba cn bn dc sinh: Do hin dc hin tin sinh tri ngi,
do ha dc sinh tri Ha t ti, do tha ha dc sinh tri Tha
ha t ti.
Ba kh: dc kh, hnh kh, v bin dch kh.
Ba s pht hin: pht hin do thy, pht hin do nghe v pht
hin do nghi.
Ba mt: mt tht, mt tri v mt tu.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Chng Tp, s 9)
BA PHP TNG NHT
Ba thnh php: thn cn thin hu, tai nghe php m, thnh
tu php v ty php.
Ba tu php: khng, v tng, v tc tam-mui.
Ba gic php: kh, lc, phi kh phi lc th.
Ba dit php: dc i, hu i, v hu i.
Ba thoi php: tham, nhu, si bt thin cn.
Ba nan gii php: kh hiu v cc bc Hin Thnh, nghe
Php, Nh Lai.
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THCH N GII HNG
38
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tng Nht, s 11)
BA TH
Do duyn l cm xc khng lc khng kh m pht sanh th
khng lc khng kh. Nu cm xc khng lc khng kh dit
mt th cm th khng lc khng kh cng dit mt. V nh
hai khc cy c li vi nhau th la bt ra, hai khc cy ri
nhau th la khng c.
y cng vy, nhn bi duyn l cm xc lc m cm th
lc pht sanh;
Nu cm xc lc dit th cm th cng ng thi dit.
Nhn bi duyn l cm xc kh m cm th kh pht sanh;
Nu cm xc kh dit th th cng ng thi dit.
Ba th l hu vi, v thng, do nhn duyn sanh, l php
phi tn, phi dit, l php h hoi, n chng phi s hu ca
ng; ng khng phi l s hu ca n. Hy chnh qun iu
mt cch nh tht vi chnh tr. Ai thy c ng, cho rng
th l ng, ngi y sai lm.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh i Duyn Phng Tin, s 13)
BA TRUNG KIP
C ba trung kip. Mt l kip ao binh. Hai l kip i km.
Ba l kip tt dch.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 11.Ba Trung Kip, s
30)
BC CHUYN LUN VNG C BN IU C
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
39
N SNG
Khi Thnh vng i, ngi dn khp c nc u n nghinh
n;
Thy vua ri th hoan h, nghe li dy cng hoan h, chim
ngng uy nhan khng h bit chn.
Khi Thnh vng ng, ngi
Khi Thnh vng nm, quc dn u n bi yt, c thy
vua h vui mng, c nghe vua h vui mng, h trng ngm
dung nhan vua khng bit chn.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BC I OAI C PHI TRNH CH CHO THIN
THN VO L
Lc ng Phm-ma-na cm qut ng hu qut trc Pht,
Pht bo:
Ngi hy trnh ra, ch ng trc Ta.
A-nan nghe vy thm lng suy ngh: Phm-ma-na thng hu
h Pht, cung cp mi s cn thit, tn knh Nh Lai khng
h chn nn. Nay vo ngy cui cng, l cho ng chm
sc, ch sao Pht li ui i, l c g? Ri A-nan sa li y
phc, n trc Pht, bch rng:
Phm-ma-na thng hu h Pht, cung cp mi s cn thit,
tn knh Nh Lai khng h chn nn. Nay vo ngy cui
cng, l cho ng xem sc, ch sao Pht li ui i, l c
g?
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THCH N GII HNG
40
Pht ni: Pha ngoi thnh Cu-thi ny mi hai do-tun, thy
u l ch cc v i thin thn, cht nch khng c khong
trng. H u than phin: V T-kheo ny sao ng chon
trc Pht. Nay gi pht cui cng Pht sp vo Nit-bn,
chng ta cc thn mun n chim bi mt ln, m v T-
kheo vi oai c ln lao, nh sng chi che khng cho
chng ta c gn Pht l bi cng dng. Ny A-nan, v
th m ta bo trnh ra.
A-nan bch Pht: Chng hay v T-kheo xa kia cha
phc c g, tu hnh nghip g m nay c oai c nh th?
Pht dy: Vo kip th chn mi mt trong i qu kh, c
c Pht ra i hiu l T-b-thi. V T-kheo , lc y em
tm hoan h cm cy uc c soi sng vo ngi thp ca
Pht, nh nay ng c c oai quang chiu sut c hai
mi tm tng tri, nh sng ca ch thin thn khng th
snh kp.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BO NHP NIT BN
Cc T-kheo sau khi nghe Nh Lai khng bao lu, sau ba
thng na, s vo Nit-bn, rt i kinh ngc, sng st hoang
mang, vt mnh xung t, ct ting ku than:
Nhanh chng lm sao, Th Tn dit ! au n lm sao, con
mt ca th gian sp tt! Chng ta t nay mi mi mt mt!
Hoc c T-kheo vt v bun khc, ln ln ku ca, khng t
km ch c, khc no nh rn b t lm hai khc, ln ln
ngc ngoi, khng bit i v u.
Pht bo:
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
41
Ny cc T-kheo, cc ngi ch m lng u bi nh vy. T
tri t n ngi vt, khng c ci g sanh ra m khng kt
thc. Mun cc php hu vi khng b bin dch, th khng th
no c. Trc y Ta tng dy n i l v thng, c
hi hip tt c chia ly. Thn ny khng phi ca mnh, mng
ny khng lu c.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BA PHP BA T
Ba php hng n c th: tham, nhu, si bt thin cn.
Ba php dn n thin th: v tham, v nhu, v si thin cn.
Ba php dn n Nit-bn: khng, v tng, v tc tam-mui.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tam T, s 12)
BY PHP
By phi php: khng c tn, khng c tm, khng c qu, t
hc hi, bing nhc, hay qun, v tr.
By chnh php: c tn, c tm, c qu, a vn, tinh tn, tng
tr, a tr.
By tinh cn: 1. T-kheo tinh cn ni s thc hnh gii. 2.
dit tham dc. 3. ph t kin. 4. a vn. 5. tinh tn. 6. chnh
nim. 7. thin nh.
By tng: tng v thn bt tnh, thc n bt tnh, ht thy
th gian khng ng a thch, s cht, v thng, v thng
l kh, kh l v ng.
By tam-mui thnh tu: chnh kin, chnh t duy, chnh
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THCH N GII HNG
42
ng, chnh nghip, chnh mng, chnh tinh tn, chnh nim.
By gic chi: nim, trch php, tinh tn, h gic, khinh an,
nh, hu x gic chi.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Chng Tp, s 9)
BY PHP BT THOI
Thng hi hp lun bn ngha l chn chnh, thi ln nh
ha thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
Trn di ha ng, knh thun khng tri, thi ln nh ha
thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
Trng php, hiu iu cm k, khng tri qui ch, thi ln
nh ha thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
Nu c T-kheo no c nng lc h chng, c nhiu tri thc,
nn c knh th, thi ln nh ha thun m Chnh php
khng b suy thoi.
Nim h tm , ly s hiu knh lm u, thi ln nh ha
thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
Tnh tu phm hnh, khng chy theo trng thi dc, thi ln
nh ha thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
Trc ngi ri sau mnh, khng tham lam danh li, thi gi
tr ha thun m Chnh php khng b suy thoi.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BY PHP LM CHNH PHP KHNG B SUY
THOI
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
43
Knh Pht. 2. Knh Php. 3. Knh Tng. 4. Knh gii lut. 5.
Knh thin nh. 6. Knh thun cha m. 7. Knh php khng
bung lung.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BY PHP LM CHNH PHP KHNG B TN
GIM
C tn tm; tin c Nh Lai, Ch chn, Chnh gic, mi
c hiu.
C tm, bit h vi iu thiu st ca mnh.
C qu, bit thn vi vic c mnh lm.
a vn, nhng iu c th tr u tt on u, on
gia v on cui, ngha v v thm o, thanh tnh khng bn,
phm hnh y .
Sing nng cn kh, b c tu lnh, chuyn tm tp luyn mi
khng ngng.
iu hc tp c, ghi nh mi khng qun.
Tu tp tr tu, bit php sanh dit, hng n Hin Thnh, dt
ht gc kh.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BY PHP LM CHNH PHP TNG TRNG
a t vic, khng a nhiu vic
a yn lng, khng a ni nhiu.
Bt s ng ngh, tm khng hn mui.
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THCH N GII HNG
44
Khng t hp ni vic v ch.
Khng t khen ngi khi mnh thiu c.
Khng kt b bn vi ngi xu c.
a mt mnh ni ch nhn tnh, ni rng.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BY PHP TNG NHT
By ti sn: tn l ti sn, gii l ti sn, tm l ti sn, qu l
ti sn, a vn l ti sn, hu th l ti sn.
By dit php: sai s bi dc i, hu i, kin, mn, sn nhu,
v minh, nghi.
By tng php: c tn, tm, qu, a vn, khng bing nhc,
nh dai, c tr.
By nan gii php: a ngha, a php, a bit thi, a bit
, a t nhip, a tp chng, a phn bit ngi.
By chng php: dt tn lu i vi ht thy s tp khi ca
kh, s dit tr, v ngt, s tai hi v s xut ly m bit nh
tht, thy nh tht. Qun st dc nh hm la, v cng nh
ao kim, bit dc, thy dc, khng tham ni dc, tm khng
tr ni dc. T-kheo lu tn, qun st thun v nghch, sau
khi nh tht gic tri, nh tht thy; tham, tt, c bt thin
php ca th gian, khng r r, khng sinh khi. Tu t nim
x, tu tp nhiu ln, thc hnh nhiu ln. Tu nm cn, nm
lc, by gic tri, tm Hin Thnh o, tu tp nhiu ln.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tng Nht, s 11)
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
45
BY TR X CA THC
C hng chng sanh, vi nhiu thn khc nhau v nhiu
tng khc nhau, tc ch Thin v loi Ngi.
C hng chng sanh vi thn ng nht nhng vi nhiu
tng khc nhau, nh tri Quang m.
C hng chng sanh vi thn ng nht, tng ng nht, tc
tri Bin tnh.
C hng chng sanh tr ni khng x.
C hng chng sanh tr ni thc x.
C hng chng sanh tr ni v s hu x.
C hng chng sanh tr ni phi tng phi phi tng x.
l by tr x ca thc m cc Sa-mn, B-la-mn ni:
Ch ny l ni an n, ni cu vt, ni h tr; l ci nh, l
ngn n, l nh sng, l ni qui ta, l khng h di, l
khng phin no.
Ny A-nan, nu T-kheo bit by tr x ca thc, bit s tp
khi, bit s dit tr, bit v ngt, bit s tai hi, bit s xut
ly, bit mt cch nh tht;
A-nan, T-kheo y ni: Ci y khng phi l ta. Ta khng
phi l ci y vi tri kin nh tht.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh i Duyn Phng Tin, s 13)
BY QU D THC CA NH LAI
Trong by nm Nh lai tu tp t tm, sau khi tu tp t tm
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THCH N GII HNG
46
by nm, trong by thnh kip hoi kip, Ta khng tr lui li
th gii ny. Khi th gii trong thnh kip, ny cc T-
kheo, Ta i n th gii Quang m thin. Khi th gii trong
kip y, ny cc T-kheo, Ta l Phm thin, l i phm
thin, v Chin thng, v V nng thng, v Bin tri, v T ti.
Ba mi su ln, ny cc T-kheo, Ta l Thin ch Sakka.
Nhiu ln by ln, Ta l v Chuyn lun vng theo Chnh
php, l v Php vng, bc Chin thng bn phng, t
c s thanh bnh cho quc , y by mn bu. Ny
cc T-kheo, Ta c by loi chu bu ny, nh l xe bu, voi
bu, nga bu, chu bu, n bu, gia ch bu v c s bu l
th by. Ta c hn mt ngn ngi con trai, ny cc T-kheo,
l nhng bc anh hng, dng mnh, nh tan ch qun. V
khi Ta chin thng qu t ny, xa cho n b bin, Ta tr v
qu t ny khng dng trng, khng dng ao, ng vi
Chnh php.
BN LOI BN NG THN
C bn hng ngi thn ng thn v thng em li li ch
v che ch. Nhng g l bn? Mt, ngn lm vic quy; hai,
thng yu; ba, gip ; bn, ng s. l bn hng ngi
thn ng thn cn.
Bn ngn quy th thng lm bn vic em li nhiu li ch
v hay che ch: thy ngi lm c th hay ngn cn, ch by
iu chnh trc, c lng thng tng, ch ng sinh Thin.
l bn trng hp ngn cn vic quy em li nhiu li
ch v hay che ch.
Bn thng yu th thng lm bn vic: Mng khi mnh
c li, lo khi mnh gp hi, ngi khen c tt mnh, thy
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
47
mnh ni c th tm cch ngn cn. l bn iu thng yu
em li nhiu li ch v hay che ch.
Bn gip c bn vic. Nhng g l bn? l: che ch
mnh khi bung lung, che ch mnh khi hao ti v bung
lung, che ch mnh khi s hi, khuyn bo mnh trong ch
vng ngi.
Bn ng s th thng lm bn vic: khng tic thn mng
vi bn, khng tic ca ci vi bn, cu gip bn khi s hi,
khuyn bo bn lc ch vng ngi.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Thin Sinh, s 16)
BN I GIO PHP
Nu c v T-kheo no ni nh vy: Ny ch hin, ti tng
ti thn kia, thnh kia, nc kia, ch thn theo Pht c
nghe, c lnh th gio php ny.
Nghe nh vy th cc ngi cng khng nn vi tin, cng
khng nn bi bc.
Hy nng theo kinh m xt ch h tht.
Nng theo lut, nng theo php m xt r gc ngn.
Nu thy li ni y khng trng kinh, khng trng lut,
khng trng php, th cc ngi hy ni li ngi kia rng:
Pht khng ni nh th, ngi nh lm chng? Bi v
chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php. M li ngi
va ni tri vi chnh php. Vy ny hin s, ngi ch c
th tr v ch em ni cho ngi khc. Hy t b n i.
Tri li, nu xt thy li kia trng kinh, trng lut, trng php
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THCH N GII HNG
48
th hy ni vi ngi kia rng: Li ngi va ni, ng l li
Pht ni. V chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php
m li ngi va ni ph hp vi chnh php.
Vy hin s! Hy cn thn th tr v rng ni cho ngi nghe,
ch c t b. l i php th nht.
Ny ch hin, ti tng ti thn kia, thnh kia, nc kia,
ch thn nghe t chng Tng ho hp vi cc v k cu a
vn, c lnh th php, lut ny, gio ny.
Nghe nh vy th cc ngi cng khng nn vi tin, cng
khng nn bi bc.
Hy nng theo kinh m xt ch h tht. Nng theo lut,
nng theo php m xt r gc ngn.
Nu thy li ni y khng trng kinh, khng trng lut,
khng trng php, th cc ngi hy ni li ngi kia rng:
Pht khng ni nh th, ngi nghe, nh lm chng? Bi
v chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php. M li
ngi va ni tri vi Chnh php. Vy ny hin s, ngi
ch c th tr v ch em ni cho ngi khc. Hy t b n
i.
Tri li nu xt thy li kia trng kinh, trng lut, trng php
th hy ni vi ngi kia rng: Li ngi va ni, ng l li
Pht ni.
V chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php m li
ngi va ni ph hp vi Chnh php.
Vy hin s! Hy cn thn th tr v rng ni cho ngi nghe,
ch c t b. l i php th hai.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
49
Ny ch hin, ti tng ti thn kia, thnh kia, nc kia,
ch thn nghe t nhiu v T-kheo, l nhng ngi tr php,
tr lut, tr lut nghi, c lnh th php ny, lut ny, gio
ny.
Nghe nh vy th cc ngi cng khng nn tin, cng khng
nn bi bc. Hy nng theo kinh m xt ch h tht.
Nng theo lut, nng theo php m xt r gc ngn. Nu
thy li ni y khng trng kinh, khng trng lut, khng
trng php, th cc ngi hy ni li ngi kia rng: Pht
khng ni nh th, ngi nghe, nh lm chng?
Bi v chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php. M li
ngi va ni tri vi Chnh php.
Vy ny hin s, ngi ch c th tr v ch em ni cho
ngi khc. Hy t b n i. Tri li nu xt thy li kia
trng kinh, trng lut, trng php th hy ni vi ngi kia
rng: Li ngi va ni, ng l li Pht ni. V chng ti
nng kinh, nng lut, nng php. M li ngi va ni
ph hp vi Chnh php.
Vy hin s! Hy cn thn th tr v rng ni cho ngi nghe,
ch c t b. l i php th ba.
Ny ch hin, ti tng ti thn kia, thnh kia, nc kia,
ch thn t mt v T-kheo kia, l ngi tr php, tr lut, tr
lut nghi, c lnh th gio php ny.
Nghe nh vy th cc ngi cng khng tin, cng khng nn
bi bc.
Hy nng theo kinh m xt ch h tht. Nng theo lut,
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THCH N GII HNG
50
nng theo php m xt r gc ngn.
Nu thy li ni y khng trng kinh, khng trng lut,
khng trng php, th cc ngi hy ni li ngi kia rng:
Pht khng ni nh th, ngi nh lm chng? Bi v
chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php. M li ngi
va ni tri vi Chnh php. Vy ny hin s, ngi ch c
th tr v ch em ni cho ngi khc. Hy t b n i.
Tri li nu xt thy li kia trng kinh, trng lut, trng php
th hy ni vi ngi kia rng: Li ngi va ni, ng l li
Pht ni. V chng ti nng kinh, nng lut, nng php.
M li ngi va ni ph hp vi chnh php.
Vy hin s! Hy cn thn th tr v rng ni cho ngi nghe,
ch c t b. l i php th t.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BN I S V U?
Do u khng bn i:
t, nc, la v gi?
Do u khng th, t,
V di, ngn, p, xu?
Do u khng danh-sc,
Vnh dit, khng d tn?
Nn p: thc v hnh,
V lng, t ta sng;
N dit, bn i dit;
Th, t, p, xu dit.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
51
Ni ny danh sc dit,
Thc dit, ht thy dit.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Kin C, s 24)
BN IU C BIT CA TN GI A-NAN
Khi A-nan lng l i vo chng T-kheo,
Khi A-nan vo chng T-kheo-ni,
Khi A-nan vo chng u b tc,
Khi A-nan vo chng u-ba-di, ni no c trng thy A-
nan cng vui mng, c nghe A-nan thuyt php cng vui
mng; h trng nhn nghi dung v li A-nan thuyt php
khng bit chn.
l bn php c bit hy hu ca A-nan.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
BN GIAI CP BNH NG
C bn chng tnh gm c ngi lnh ngi d; c ngi
tr khen, cng b ngi tr ch. Bn chng tnh y l: St-l,
B-la-mn, C s, Th--la.
Hn cc ngi tng nghe trong dng St-l c k st sinh, c
k trm cp, c k dm lon, k di tr, k ni hai li, k ni
c c, c k ng, c k xan tham, c k tt , c k t
kin, th trong dng B-la-mn, C-s, Th--la cng c ln
ln hng ngi lm mi c hnh ?
Phm lm iu bt thin th c qu bo bt thin, lm iu
hc m th c qu bo hc m. Nu rng qu bo ch c vi
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THCH N GII HNG
52
dng St-l, C-s, Th--la ch khng c vi dng B-la-
mn, khi y ngi B-la-mn mi nn t cho dng B-la-
mn ta l ti cao bc nht, cn cc dng khc thp hn, dng
ta trng tro, cc dng khc en iu; dng B-la-mn ta xut
hin t Phm thin, t ming Phm thin sinh ra, hin ti
thanh tnh, v sau cng thanh tnh. Tri li nu rng lm iu
bt thin th c qu bo bt thin, lm iu hc m th c qu
bo hc m, qu bo bt c B-la-mn, St-l, hay Th-
-la u c nh nhau, thi ngi B-la-mn khng th t
xng ch dng ta l thanh tnh ti cao bc nht.
Nu trong dng St-l, c k khng git, khng trm, khng
t dm, khng ni di, khng hai li, khng c khu, khng
ng, khng xan tham, khng tt , khng t kin, thi
trong dng B-la-mn, C s, Th--la cng u c hng
ngi tu mi iu thin nh th.
Phm lm iu lnh, tt c qu bo lnh, lm iu thanh bch
tt c qu bo thanh bch. Nu rng qu bo ch c vi
dng B-la-mn m khng c vi dng St-l, C s, Th--
la khi y ngi dng B-la-mn mi nn t xng dng mnh
thanh tnh ti cao bc nht. Tri li, nu c bn chng tnh
u c qu bo , thi ngi B-la-mn khng th t xng
ch dng ta l thanh tnh ti cao bc nht
Ngi dng St-l m thn lm bt thin, ming ni bt thin,
ngh bt thin, khi thn hoi mng chung phi th c bo.
Dng ngi B-la-mn, dng C s, dng Th--la m thn
lm bt thin. Ming ni bt thin, ngh bt thin, khi thn
hoi mnh chung h cng phi th c bo nh th.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tiu Duyn, s 5)
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
53
BN K TH M NH NGI THN
C bn hng k th m nh ngi thn: hng y phc, hng
m ngn, hng knh thun, hng c hu.
Hng y phc th thng hay lm bn vic: cho trc ot li
sau; cho t mong tr nhiu; v s gng lm thn tnh; v li
gng lm thn tnh.
Hng m ngn th thng hay lm bn vic: lnh d u
chiu theo; gp hon nn th xa lnh; ngn cn nhng iu
hay; thy gp nguy tm cch un y.
Hng knh thun th thng lm bn vic: vic trc di tr;
vic sau di tr; vic hin di tr; thy c mt cht li nh
vi trch pht.
Hng bn c th thng lm bn vic: bn lc ung ru; bn
lc nh bc; bn lc dm dt; bn lc ca v.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Thin Sinh, s 16)
BN LOI I THIN THN
C bn loi i thin thn: 1. a thn, 2. Thy thn, 3.
Phong thn, 4. Ha thn.
Xa kia a thn ny sinh ra nhn thc sai lm rng: Trong
t khng c nc, la, v gi. Lc y Ta bo rng: Ngi
ch ny sanh nim ny l trong t khng c nc, la v
gi. V sao? V trong t c nc, la v gi, ch v yu t t
nhiu nn ly t m gi tn.
Ta v a thn m ln lt ni php, dt tr nhn thc sai
lm ny, v ch by, khuyn khch, lm cho li ch, lm cho
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THCH N GII HNG
54
hoan h; ni v th, v gii, v sinh thin; ni dc l bt tnh,
l nhim, l tai ha; xut yu l trn ht, v trnh by khai
m phm hnh thanh tnh.
Lc y, Ta bit r tm nim a thn thanh tnh, nhu
nhuyn, khng cn nm m ci, d dng khai ha. Nh php
thng ca ch Pht, Ta ch by ging rng v Kh thnh ,
Kh tp , Kh dit v Kh xut yu thnh . By gi
a thn lin ngay ti ch xa la trn cu, c mt php
thanh tnh.
V nh o trng sch s d c nhum mu, a thn cng
nh vy, lng tin thanh tnh, nn c mt php, khng
cn h nghi, thy php quyt nh, khng cn ri vo ng
c, khng theo ng khc, thnh tu c php v y, m
bch vi Ta rng: Nay con xin quy y Pht, quy y Php, quy y
Tng, sut i khng st sanh, khng trm cp, khng t
dm, khng ni di, khng ung ru, cho php con c
lm u-b-di trong chnh php.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 8.ao Li Thin, s
30)
BN LOI KIM-S IU
C bn loi Kim-s iu: sinh ra t trng; sinh ra t bo thai;
sinh ra t ni m thp; sinh ra t ha sinh.
Ta ni nhng ngi t kin chc chn s i vo hai ni: Hoc
sinh vo a ngc, hay sinh vo hng sc sanh.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 5. Long iu, s 30)
BN LOI RNG
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
55
C bn loi rng: sanh ra t trng; sanh ra t bo thai; sanh ra
t ni m thp; sanh ra t ha sinh.
Ta ni nhng ngi t kin chc chn s i vo hai ni: sinh
vo a ngc hay sinh vo hng sc sanh.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 5. Long iu, s 30)
BN LOI THC N
Tt c chng sanh do bn loi thc n m tn ti. Mt l on
t hot thc. Hai l xc thc. Ba l nim thc. Bn l thc
thc. Nhng loi thc n ny chng sanh n khng ging
nhau.
Nh ngi ci Dim-ph- dng cc loi cm, bn m, c
tht, gi l loi on thc. Y phc, tm git, c gi l t
hot thc.
Ngi Cu-da-ni, Pht-vu-i cng n cc loi cm, bn m,
c tht c gi l on thc; y phc, tm git l t hot thc.
Ngi Ut-an-vit th ch n la go chn t nhin, y v
tri ly l on thc; cng ly y phc, tm git lm t hot
thc.
Loi rng, kim-s iu, th n cc con gii, con , con c, con
ba-ba ly lm on thc, v tm gi, y phc lm t hot thc.
A-tu-lun th n on thc sch ly lm on thc, v ly
tm git, y phc lm t hot thc.
T thin vng, ao-li thin, Dim-ma thin, u-sut
thin, Ha t ti thin, Tha ha t ti thin n loi on thc
sch ly lm on thc v tm git, y phc lm t hot thc.
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THCH N GII HNG
56
Ch thin t y tr ln dng h lc thin nh lm thc n.
Nhng chng sanh no dng xc thc? Nhng chng sanh,
sinh ra t trng dng xc thc.
Nhng chng sanh no dng nim thc? C chng sanh nh
vo nim thc m c tn ti, tng trng cc cn, tui th
khng dt, l nim thc.
Nhng chng sanh no dng thc thc? Nhng chng sanh
a ngc v ci V sc thin, nhng loi chng sanh ny dng
thc thc.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 8.ao Li Thin, s
30)
BN MU CA MY
My c bn th: mu trng; mu en; mu ; mu hng.
My c mu trng v yu t t c bit nhiu; my c mu
en v yu t nc c bit nhiu hn; my c mu v yu
t la c bit nhiu hn; my c mu hng v yu t gi c
bit nhiu hn. My cch mt t t hai mi dm, ba mi
dm, bn mi dm,cho n bn nghn dm.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 8.ao Li Thin, s
30)
BN PHP
Bn thin hnh ca ming: 1. Ni s tht, 2. Ni du dng, 3.
Khng ng, 4. Khng hai li.
Bn thnh ngn: 1. Thy ni thy 2. Nghe ni nghe 3. Hay
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
57
ni hay 4. Bit ni bit.
Bn thc n: 1. Thc n vo nm 2. Thc n bi xc 3. Thc
n bi nim 4. Thc n bi thc.
Bn th: 1. Kh hnh trong hin ti th kh bo v sau, 2.
Kh hnh hin ti th lc bo v sau, 3. Lc hnh hin ti th
kh bo v sau, 4. Lc hnh hin ti th lc bo v sau.
Bn th: 1. Dc th, 2. Ng th, 3. Gii th, 4. Kin th.
Bn phc: 1. Thn phc bi dc tham, 2. Thn phc bi
sn nhu, 3. Thn phc bi gii o, 4. Thn phc bi ng
kin.
Bn gai nhn: 1. Gai nhn dc; 2. Gai nhn nhu; 3. Gai
nhn kin; 4. Gai nhn mn.
Bn sanh: 1. Sanh t trng, 2. Sanh t bo thai, 3. Sanh do
m thp, 4. Sanh do bin ha.
Bn on: 1. y T-kheo c php cha khi, phng
tin khin khng khi, 2. c php khi phng tin khin
dit, 3. Thin php cha khi php, phng tin khin khi,
4. Thin php khi phng tin khin tng trng.
Bn phm ng: T, bi, h v x.
Bn php tc: Php tc khng tham, php tc khng sn,
php tc chnh nim v php tc chnh nh.
Bn dng di Hin Thnh: 1. y, T-kheo tri tc v y
thc, c th tt khng mng, c ci xu khng bun;
khng nhim khng trc, bit iu cm k, bit con ng
xut yu; trong php ny tinh cn khng bing nhc; thnh
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THCH N GII HNG
58
tu s y khng khuyt khng gim v cng dy ngi thnh
tu s y. l th nht; tri tc, an tr trong s truyn tha
ca hin thnh, t xa n nay cha thng no lon. Ch
thin, Ma, Phm, Sa-mn, B-la-mn, Tri v Ngi khng
ai c th ch trch. 2. Thc n. 3. Vt dng nm ngi, 4.
Thuc thang tr bnh, tt c u cng tri tc nh th.
Bn nhip php: b th, i ng, li hnh v ng s.
Bn chi ca Tu--hon: T-kheo thnh tu tn tm bt hoi
i vi Pht, i vi Php, i vi Tng v i vi gii.
Bn th chng: 1. Th chng do thy sc, 2. Th chng do
thn hoi dit. 3. Th chng do nh v tc mng. 4. Th
chng do bit hu lu b dit tn.
Bn o: kh c chm, kh c nhanh, lc c chm v lc
c nhanh.
Bn bin ti: php bin ti, ngha bin ti, t bin ti, ng
thuyt bin ti.
Bn tr x ca thc: sc l tr x ca thc, duyn sc m tr,
sc v i cng tng trng. Th, tng, hnh, cng u nh
vy.
Bn ch: dc l ch, hu l ch, kin l ch, v minh l ch.
Bn v ch: v dc ch, v hu ch, v kin ch, v v minh
ch.
Bn tnh: gii tnh, tm tnh, kin tnh v nghi tnh.
Bn s bit: ng th bit th, ng hnh bit hnh, ng lc
bit lc, ng x bit x.
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
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Bn oai nghi: ng i bit i, ng ng bit ng, ng ngi
bit ngi, ng nm bit nm.
Bn t duy: t duy t, t duy rng, t duy v lng, khng t
duy g c.
Bn k lun: quyt nh k lun, phn bit k lun, ct vn k
lun, ch tr k lun.
Bn php khng cn phng h ca Pht: 1. Nh Lai thn
hnh thanh tnh, khng khim khuyt, khng r r; c th t
phng h; 2. Khu hnh thanh tnh; 3. hnh thanh tnh; 4.
Mng hnh thanh tnh cng u nh vy.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Chng Tp, s 9)
BN PHP BA T
Bn php th hng c th: Li ni thin v, li ni th hn,
li ni s hi, li ni ngu si.
Bn php dn n thin th: Li ni khng thin v, li ni
khng th hn, li ni khng s hi, li ni khng ngu si.
Bn php dn n Nit-bn: thn nim x, th nim x, tm
nim x, php nim x.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tam T, s 12)
BN PHP TNG NHT
Bn thnh php: 1. Sng gia nc. 2. Gn thin hu. 3. T
cn thn. 4. C gc r thin c trng t i trc.
Bn thc n: thc n bng vo nm, thc n bng cm xc,
thc n bng t nim, thc n do thc.
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THCH N GII HNG
60
Bn th php: dc th, ng ng th, gii cm th, v kin th.
Bn ch: dc l ch, hu l ch, kin l ch, v minh l ch.
Bn nan gii php: kh , tp , dit , o .
Bn tr: php tr, v tri tr, ng tr, tha tm tr.
Bn bin ti: php bin, ngha bin, t bin, v ngi bin.
Bn Sa-mn qu: Tu--hon qu, T--hm qu, A-na-hm
qu, A-la-hn qu.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tng Nht, s 11)
BN S KIN V TH GII SANH DIT
C bn s kin trng cu, khng lng, khng gii hn,
khng th dng nm, thng, ngy m tnh k c. Bn s
kin l:
th gian c nhng th tai nn khi ln t t; khi th gii
ny tan hoi, trung gian l mt khong thi gian trng cu,
khng lng, khng gii hn, khng th dng nm, thng,
ngy m tnh k c.
Sau khi th gii ny tan hoi ri th trung gian l mt khong
trng vng mnh mng, khng c th gii; thi gian ny l
mt m trng cu, khng th dng s lng nm, thng,
ngy m tnh c.
Khi tri t mi bt u khi hng nhm n s hnh thnh
tu th khong thi gian ny l trng cu, khng th dng s
lng nm, thng, ngy m tnh c.
Sau khi tri t hon thnh ri, tn ti lu di khng hoi,
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
61
khng th dng s lng nm, thng, ngy m tnh c.
l bn s kin trng cu, khng lng, khng c gii
hn, khng th dng s lng nm, thng, ngy tnh ton
c.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 9.Tam Tai, s 30)
CM HA NGOI O A-MA-TR
Nu c s, con trai c s v cc chng tnh khc, nghe chnh
php m sanh lng tn ngng, do tm tn ngng m ngh
nh vy: Ta nay ti gia, v con rng buc, khng th thanh
tnh thun tu phm hnh. Ta hy co b ru tc, mc ba php
y, xut gia tu o. Ngi y, sau t b gia nh ti sn, t
gi thn tc, co b ru tc, bn ba php y, xut gia tu o.
Cng ng vi nhng ngi xut gia, x b cc th trang sc,
y cc gii hnh, khng lm hi chng sanh.
X b dao gy, tm hng tm qu, t nim i vi ht thy.
l khng git.
X b tm trm cp, khng ly vt khng cho, tm hng
thanh tnh, khng c ln lt ly cp. l khng trm cp.
X ly dm dc, tnh tu phm hnh, n cn tinh tn, khng b
nhim dc, sng trong sch. l khng dm.
X ly vng ng, ch thnh khng la di, khng gt ngi.
l khng ni di.
X ly ni hai li; nu nghe li ngi ny, khng truyn li
ngi kia; nu nghe li ngi kia, khng truyn li ngi
ny. Nhng ngi chia r th lm cho ha hip, khin cho
thn knh ln nhau. Nhng li ni ra, ho thun, ng thi.
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THCH N GII HNG
62
l khng ni hai li.
X ly c khu. Nhng li th l, thch gy no ngi khc,
khin sanh phn kt; x nhng li nh vy. Li ni du dng,
khng gy on hi, em nhiu li ch, c mi ngi yu
knh, thch nghe nhng li nh vy. l khng c khu.
X ly ng; li ni hp thi, thnh tht nh php, y lut dit
tr tranh chp; c duyn c mi ni; li ni khng pht
sung. l x ly ng.
X ly ung ru, xa la ch bung lung.
Khng eo hng hoa, anh lc.
Khng i xem v nghe cc th ca ma xng ht.
Khng ngi ging cao
Khng n phi thi.
Khng ct cha, s dng vng bc, by bu.
Khng ci th thip; khng nui n t, voi nga, tru b, g,
ch, heo, d; khng tch cha rung nh, vn tc. Khng
gt ngi bng cn u di tr. Khng li ko nhau bng bn
tay, nm tay. Cng khng cm . Khng vu di ngi,
khng lm iu ngy tr. X b nhng th xu c nh vy;
dit tr cc tranh tng, cc iu bt thin. i th bit thi.
Khng phi thi th khng i. Lng d m n, khng tch
cha d tha. Che thn bng y phc, va th thi. Php
phc, ng kh, thng mang theo mnh. Nh chim bay mang
theo mnh hai cnh. Cng vy, T-kheo khng cha d tha.
(Trng A Hm, KinhA-ma-tr, s 20)
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
63
CM HA VUA A X TH MUN CHINH PHC
NC KHC
Vua A-x-th mun chinh pht nc Bt-k, mi sai i thn
V-x n thnh Pht.
Pht hi A-nan: Ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k thng
nhm hp bn nhng s vic chn chnh khng?
A-nan p: Con c nghe.
Pht ni vi A-nan: Nu c nh th, ln nh ha thun,
nc li cng thnh vng; nc y s an n lu di,
khng th xm hi c.
Ny A-nan, ngi c nghe ngi nc Bt-k vua ti ha
thun, trn di knh nhng nhau khng?
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Nu c nh vy, ln nh ha thun, nc cng
thm thnh vng, v c yn n lu di, khng th xm hi
c.
Ny A-nan, ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k thng tn trng
php lut, hiu iu cm k, chng tri l khng?
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Ny A-nan, nu c nh vy, ln nh ho thun, nc
cng thm thnh vng v yn n lu di, khng th xm
hi c.
Ny A-nan! Ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k hiu dng cha
m, knh thun s trng khng?
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THCH N GII HNG
64
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Ny A-nan, nu vy, ln nh ha thun, nc cng
thm thnh vng v yn n lu di, khng th xm hi c.
Ny A-nan! Ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k thng tn trng
tng miu, knh n qu thn khng?
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Ny A-nan, nu c nh vy th ln nh ha thun,
nc cng thm thnh vng v yn n lu di, khng th
xm hi c.
Ny A-nan, ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k gi gn khu mn
trinh chnh, thanh khit, khng by b, cho n s vui a,
ni nng cng khng t vy khng?
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Ny A-nan, nu c nh vy th ln nh ha thun,
nc cng thm thnh vng v yn n lu di, khng th
xm hi c.
Ny A-nan, ngi c nghe dn nc Bt-k tn th Sa-mn,
knh ngi tr gii v thn cn ng h chng bing nhc
khng?
p: Con c nghe.
Hi: Ny A-nan, nu c nh vy th nc cng thm
thnh vng v yn n lu di, khng th xm hi c.
By gi, i thn V-x lin bch Pht:
Nhn dn nc kia nu thi hnh c mt iu cn khng mong
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
65
g thng h, hung nay h c by iu. V vic nc qu
bn, con xin t t tr v.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
CN C CHNG SANH A DNG
Phm vng n cn khn thit tha thnh mt ln na, ri
mt ln na, n cn khn thit thnh cu n ba ln rng:
Bch Th Tn, nu Th Tn khng thuyt php, th nay ci
th gian ny phi b sp , rt ng thng xt. Ngng
mong Th Tn, kp thi ging dy, ch chng sanh sa a
ng m.
c Th Tn nghe Phm vng ba ln n cn tha thnh, lin
dng Pht nhn soi khp th gii chng sanh, thy s nhim
ca chng sanh c dy c mng, cn tnh c lanh li, c
chm lt; c k d khai ha, c ngi kh khai ha.
Hng ngi d khai ha, bit s ti li i sau, nn gng lo
dt tr iu c, lm pht sanh ng lnh. Chng nh hoa u
bt la, hoa bt-u-ma, hoa cu-vt-u, hoa phn--l, c
ci va ra khi bn nhng cha ti mt nc, c ci ra
khi bn li ln ngang mt nc, c ci tuy ln khi mt nc
m cha n, nhng ci no cng khng b dnh bn m d
dng n ra.
Chng sanh trong th gian ny cng nh th.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh i Bn Duyn, s 1)
CHN L THM THM
Ta nay chng c php v thng thm thm vi diu l
php kh thy kh hiu, tch tnh, thanh tnh, ch c ngi tr
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66
mi thu bit ch k phm phu khng th no hiu thu c.
Bi v chng sanh c nhng nhn d bit, kin d bit, chp
th d bit, s kin d bit. Da theo kin thc d bit mi
ngi ch thch iu mnh mong cu, lm theo tp qun ca
mnh, cho nn i vi l nhn duyn thm diu ny chng
cn khng th thu hiu, hung chi cnh Nit-bn dt ht mi
tham i, li cng kh hiu gp bi phn. Ta du v chng m
ni ra th chc chng khng hiu ni cn tr li gy phin
nhiu.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh i Bn Duyn, s 1)
CHU NA CNG C PHT BA N CUI CNG
Hin nay Chu-na c nhiu li ln, c sng lu, c
sc p, c sc lc, c ting tt, c nhiu ti li, cht
c ln tri, cu iu g u c. Ti sao vy? V cng c
ngi cng dng cho Pht lc mi thnh o vi ngi cng
dng cho Pht lc sp Nit-bn, cng c hai bn ngang
nhau khng khc.
Ngi hy n ni vi Chu-na rng:
Ti trc tip nghe t Pht, trc tip lnh th t Pht, rng
Chu-na nh cng c cng dng Pht m c li ln, qu
bo ln.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
CHU-NA NHP NIT BN TRC
Th Tn i n sng Cu-tn, ly nc ung v ra xong ri,
cng i chng ln i na. Gia ng, Pht dng li ti di
mt gc cy v bo Chu-na:
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
67
Ngi ly y tng-gi-l gp lm t ri tri cho ta nm. Ta au
lng. Mun tm ngh ti y.
Chu-na vng li, tri ch xong, Pht ngi ln ch . Chu-
na l Pht ri ngi li mt bn m tha rng:
Con mun nhp Nit-bn. Con mun nhp Nit-bn.
Pht dy: Nn bit phi thi.
Chu-na lin nhp Nit-bn ngay trc Pht.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
CH TN THN OAI NGHI GII HNH CA NH
LAI
Ny cc T-kheo, nu c ai khen ngi Pht, Php v Chng
Tng, cc ngi cng vi ch ly iu lm vui mng, hnh
din. V sao vy? V nu cc ngi sinh tm vui mng l
b hm nch ri. Do cc ngi khng nn vui mng. Ti
sao th? V ch l duyn c nh nht v oai nghi gii hnh,
m hng phm phu t hc, khng thu r thm ngha, ch bng
vo s kin tn thn mt cch chn tht.
Th no l duyn c nh nht v oai nghi gii hnh, m hng
phm phu t hc, khng thu r thm ngha, ch bng vo s
kin tn thn mt cch chn tht?
Ngi y tn thn rng Sa-mn C-m b nghip st, dt
nghip st, x b dao gy, c tm qu, c tm thng xt ht
thy, b s ly ca khng cho, b s dm dc, dt b ni
di, hai li, c khu, thu dt, khng ung ru
Sa-mn C-m dt b ung ru; khng trang sc hng
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THCH N GII HNG
68
hoa; khng xem ca ma; khng ngi ging cao; khng n
phi thi; khng cm vng bc; khng cha v con, t trai, t
gi; khng nui heo nga, voi, d, g, ch v cc th chim
mung; khng cha binh voi, binh nga, binh xe, binh b;
khng cha rung nh, gieo trng ng cc; khng nm quyn
nh m vi ngi; khng dng cn u lng gt; khng
mua bn, khon c, giao ko; khng cho vay cm ly li
bt chnh. Cng khng m mu, trc mt khc sau lng
khc; phi thi khng i; nui sng thn, lng bng m
n; i n ch no th y bt mang theo nh chim khng la hai
cnh. Nhng cng ch l nhn duyn nh nht v s tr
gii m hng phm phu t hc nng ly tn thn Nh Lai.
Tht ra Nh Lai cn c nhng chng c su xa hn ng
tn thn.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Phm ng, s 21)
CHIA NHAU I AN C V DN CHNG THT MA
Lc y, Trc Lm ang i km, mt ma, thc qu, nn
kht thc kh c. Pht bo cc t kheo:
t ny i km, kht thc kh khn, cc ngi nn chia
thnh tng nhm, ty theo ch quen bit, hy n T-x-ly v
nc Vit-k m an c c th khng b thiu thn. Ta
mt mnh cng vi A-nan an c y.
Cc T-kheo vng li dy, ra i. Ring Pht vi A-nan li.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
CHN NI C TR CA CHNG SANH
Cc T-kheo, Nh Lai ni chn chnh php, tc l chn chng
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69
sanh c:
1. Hoc c chng sanh c nhiu thn khc nhau, vi nhiu
tng khc nhau, tc l ch thin v loi ngi.
2. Li c chng sanh c nhiu thn khc nhau, nhng vi mt
tng ging nhau, tc l tri Phm Quang m lc mi sanh.
3. Li c chng sanh vi mt thn ging nhau, nhng vi
nhiu tng khc nhau, tc l tri Quang m.
4. Li c chng sanh vi mt thn mt tng ging nhau, tc
l tri Bin tnh.
5. Li c chng sanh khng c tng v khng c gic tri, tc
l tri V tng.
6. Li c chng sanh an tr h khng x.
7. Li c chng sanh an tr thc x.
8. Li c chng sanh an tr v s hu x.
9. Li c chng sanh an tr phi tng phi phi tng x.
Cc T-kheo, l chn ni c tr ca chng sanh c
Nh Lai ging dy. Chng ta hy cng kit tp ngn nga
s tranh ci, khin cho phm hnh tn ti lu di, lm li ch
cho s ng, cho ch thin v nhn loi c an lc.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Chng Tp, s 9)
CHN PHP
Chn php dn n thin th: C ngi xm no ta, ch g
m ta sanh no; khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s
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THCH N GII HNG
70
khng sanh no. C ngi xm no ci ta yu, ch g ta sanh
no; khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s khng sanh
no. C ngi yu knh ci ta ght, ch g ta sanh no;
khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s khng sanh no.
Th no l chn php dn n Nit-bn? Chn thin php: 1.
h, 2. i, 3. duyt, 4. lc, 5. nh, 6. tht tri, 7. tr x, 8. v
dc, 9. gii thot.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tam T, s 12)
CHN PHP TNG NHT
Chn tnh dit chi: gii, tm, kin, nghi, phn bit, o,
tr, v dc, gii thot tnh dit chi.
Chn gc r ca h: 1. H, 2. i, 3. Duyt, 4. Lc, 5. nh, 6.
Nh tht tri, 7. Tr x, 8. V dc, 9. Gii thot.
Chn dit php hay chn gc r ca i: Nhn i c tm cu.
Nhn tm cu c li. Nhn li c dng. Nhn dng c dc.
Nhn dc c dnh trc. Nhn dnh trc c tt . Nhn tt
c bo th. Nhn bo th c h.
Chn v no: Ngi kia xm hi ta; ngh vy chng c ch
g: khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s khng sanh
no. N xm no ci ta yu thng; ngh nh vy chng c
ch g: khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s khng
sanh no. N yu thng ci ta ght; ngh nh vy chng c
ch g: khng sanh no, ang khng sanh no, s khng
sanh no.
Chn nan gii php:
C tn nhng khng tr gii;
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
71
C tn, c gii, nhng khng c a vn;
C tn, c gii, c a vn nhng khng th thuyt php;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, nhng khng
th nui chng;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, c th nui
chng, nhng gia i chng khng th qung din php
ngn;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, c th nui
chng, c th qung din php ngn gia i chng nhng
khng chng c t thin;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, c th nui
chng, c th qung din php ngn gia i chng, c t
thin, nhng i vi tm gii thot khng th thun nghch du
hnh;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, c th nui
chng, c th qung din php ngn gia i chng, c t
thin, i vi tm gii thot c th thun nghch du hnh,
nhng khng th dit tn cc lu;
C tn, c gii, c a vn, c th thuyt php, c th nui
chng, c th qung din php ngn gia i chng, c t
thin, i vi tm gii thot c th thun nghch du hnh, c
th dit tn cc lu, thnh v lu tm gii thot, tr tu gii
thot, ngay trong hin ti m t thn tc chng, sanh t
dt, phm hnh vng, iu cn lm lm xong, khng
cn ti sanh na, th phm hnh y .
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Tng Nht, s 11)
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THCH N GII HNG
72
CHP V MY
Chp c bn loi, l: Chp phng ng gi l thn
quang; chp phng Nam gi l nan hy; chp phng
Ty gi l lu dim; chp phng Bc gi l nh minh.
V sao my trong h khng c hin tng nh chp ny?
C lc thn quang cng nan hy chm nhau, c khi thn
quang cng vi lu dim chm nhau, c khi thn quang cng
vi nh minh chm nhau, c khi nan hy cng vi lu dim
chm nhau, c khi nan hy cng vi nh minh chm nhau, c
khi lu dim cng vi nh minh chm nhau; v nhng nhn
duyn ny nn my gia h khng sinh ra nh chp.
V v sao my gia h khng li sinh ra sm chp? V
gia h khng c khi a i cng vi thy i chm nhau, c
khi a i cng vi ha i chm nhau, c khi a i cng
vi phong i chm nhau, c khi thy i cng vi ha i
chm nhau, c khi thy i cng vi phong i chm nhau; v
nhng nhn duyn ny m my gia h khng sinh ra sm
chp.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 8.ao Li Thin, s
30)
CH TNG V N VIT
K n vit cung phng hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn vi nm
iu: 1. Thn hnh t. 2. Khu hnh t. 3. hnh t. 4. ng
thi cng th. 5) Khng ng ca khc t.
Sa-mn, B-la-mn cng khuyn dy theo su iu: 1. Ngn
nga ch lm c. 2. Ch dy iu lnh. 3. Khuyn dy vi
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thin tm. 4. Cho nghe nhng iu cha nghe. 5. Nhng g
c nghe lm cho hiu r. 6. Ch v con ng sanh thin.
Nu n vit knh phng hng Sa-mn, B-la-mn nh th th
phng y c an n khng iu g lo s.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Thin Sinh, s 16)
CHNG SANH AU BUN V CH THIN QU
Sau khi Pht dit , cc T-kheo bun au, vt v, gieo mnh
xung t, ln ln ku than khng t km ch ni, nc n m
ni rng:
Nh Lai dit sao chng thay! Th Tn dit sao sm
thay! i php sao chm ln sm thay! Qun sanh mi suy
sp; con mt ca th gian tt.
Nh thn cy ln, trc r, gy cnh. Li nh con rn b t
khc, b trn, un ln, khng bit trn i li no. Cc
T-kheo cng vy, bun au, vt v, gieo mnh xung t, ln
ln ku than khng t km ch ni, nc n m ni rng: Nh
Lai dit sao chng thay! Th Tn dit sao sm thay!
i php sao chm ln sm thay! Qun sanh mi suy sp; con
mt ca th gian tt.
By gi, trng lo A-na-lut khuyn: Thi cc T-kheo, cc
ngi ch bun khc, ko c hng ch thin nhn xung ng
thy h ch trch ka.
Cc T-kheo hi A-na-lut: Trn y c bao nhiu thin thn?
A-na-lut ni: y kn h khng. K sao ht. Thy u
trong h khng, bi hi, bt rt, bc i khp khing, gt
nc mt m than rng: Nh Lai dit sao chng thay! Th
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THCH N GII HNG
74
Tn dit sao sm thay! i php sao chm ln sm thay!
Qun sanh mi suy sp; con mt ca th gian tt. Nh
thn cy ln, trc r, gy cnh. Li nh con rn b t khc,
b trn, un ln, khng bit trn i li no. Cc ch thin
cng vy, thy u trong h khng, bi hi, bt rt, bc i
khp khing, gt nc mt m than rng: Nh Lai dit sao
chng thay! Th Tn dit sao sm thay! i php sao
chm ln sm thay! Qun sanh mi suy sp; con mt ca th
gian tt.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
C BC C SU LI
C bc c su iu tai hi: ti sn ngy mt hao ht; thng th
gy th on; b k tr ch; mi ngi khng knh n tin cy; b
xa lnh; sanh tm trm cp.
Nu trng gi hay con trai trng gi m nh bc mi th
gia sn ngy mi tiu tn.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Thin Sinh, s 16)
C BN BC CAO QU NN XY THP TH
Trong thin h c bn hng ngi nn dng thp v cng
dng hng hoa, phng la, m nhc: Nh Lai, Bch-chi
Pht, Thanh-vn v Chuyn lun vng.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Du B, s 2)
CI DC C 12 LOI CHNG SANH
1. a ngc 2. Sc sanh
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A HM MA PHP CHUYN HA PHIN NO TP 1
75
3. Ng qu 4. Ngi
5. A-tu-lun 6. T thin vng
7. ao-li thin 8. Dim-ma thin
9. u-sut thin 10. Ha t ti thin
11. Tha-ha-t-ti thin 12. Ma thin.
(Trng A Hm, Kinh Th K, Phm 8.ao Li Thin, s
30)
CI TRI SC GII C 22 LOI
1. Phm-thn thin, 2. Phm-ph thin,
3. Phm-chng thin, 4. i Phm thin,
5. Quang thin, 6. Thiu-quang