A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India
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Transcript of A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India
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7/31/2019 A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3 ln 3=
EEJJ]]PPLLMM[[OO]]EELLJJ
EEMMKKCC__ LLNN ]]BBKKKKCCPPIIUUEEJJMMEECCJJVVCC__]]
V* 2 KROKPV]_ NPLA LPEKJ]CIE_]) JC]ELJCIE_]) CJM ACPRE_] TPE]EJD_ LJCJOEKJ] EJMEC
Lpekj}cies} Tpe}ejd
Kr}pco}km npla Gcaks Aeii cjm B*B* Teislj)Bes}lpu ln @pe}esb Ejmec* 36 ^lis* @llh EE) 32;2) vv* 33;
35) ?00?=*
P{mk jc}elj kka }l mkpe~k c vko{iecp dpc}eneoc}elj npla vpk}kjelj }l c pkal}kcj}es{e}u* C c `lc}n{i cjm }{pdem ~cje}u me}ejd{ebk pkacphc`iu }bk lpekj}ci jc}elj)}bku bc~k ej al} ej}cjok ocppekm }bkep oicea kr}pc~cdcj}iu bedb*
]bk vklvik ln Bejm{}cj cjm }bk cjoekj} jc}elj ln K{plvk ocak ej olj}co} c} c ejdik
vlej}* ]bk krvkme}elj ln Cikrcjmkp }bk Dpkc} `kdcj) cjm ej lak lp} kjmkm) }bkep
oljjkrelj* K~kj ln }be k~kj}) l pkokj} cjm pkacphc`ik) }bk Bejm{ bc~k jl pkolpm7 }bkubc~k jl} c }pcme}elj }bc} ocj te}b cju okp}cej}u `k }pcokm }l e}* _lak vcp}eo{icp ej }bkep
au}blildeoci }lpek bc~k `u okp}cej K{plvkcj ejs{epkp `kkj {vvlkm }l pknkp }l
}pcjco}elj ln Cikrcjmkp) `{} cial} cju vcp} c tkii c cjl}bkp ln }bkk {jjc}{pci
ikdkjm acu) te}b ks{ci vplvpek}u) pkoke~k }bk cak me}ejo}elj*
Npla }bk oc}}kpkm bej} olj}cejkm ej }bk tpe}ejd ln }bk Dpkkh) }bk oljoi{elj ocj `k
mpctj) }bc} }bk Bejm{) c} }bk }eak ln Cikrcjmkp ej~celj) tkpk ej c }c}k ln acjjkp)
loek}u) cjm hjltikmdk) krco}iu }bk cak te}b }bc} ej tbeob }bku tkpk meol~kpkm `u }bkjc}elj ln almkpj K{plvk8 jlp e }bkpk cju pkclj nlp mennkpejd temkiu npla }be lvejelj*E} e okp}cej }bc} }bk nkt nkc}{pk ln tbeob tk bc~k cju mkopev}elj npla }bk Dpkkh) `kcp
jl ejcoo{pc}k pkka`icjok }l }blk tbeob cpk nl{jm }l me}ejd{eb }be vklvik c} }bk
vpkkj} mcu* Npla }be pkka`icjok) npla }bk }c}k ln eavpl~kakj} ej tbeob }bk Ejmecj
pkacej) cjm npla }bk }c}eljcpu oljme}elj ej tbeob }bkep ej}e}{}elj nep}) cjm }bkj }bkepacjjkp cjm obcpco}kp) bc~k c }kjmkjou }l ner }bka) e} e jl {jpkcljc`ik {vvle}elj)
}bc} }bku vpkkj}km c ~kpu {jenlpa cvvkcpcjok m{pejd }bk iljd ej}kp~ci npla }bk ~ee} ln
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 0 ln 3=
}bk Dpkkh }l }bc} ln Kjdieb* ]bkep cjjci) bltk~kp) npla }bc} kpc }eii }bk vkpelm ln }bk
Acblakmcj oljs{k} cpk c `icjh*
Te}b pkdcpm }l }bk cjoekj} be}lpu ln Ejmec) tk cpk }eii jl} te}bl{} pkl{pok* ]bk
akpe}lpel{ pkkcpobk ln }bk almkpj K{plvkcj) tbl bc~k krvilpkm }bk ej}e}{}elj) }bk
ict) }bk acjjkp) }bk cp}) loo{vc}elj cjm }bk acrea ln }be cjoekj} vklvik) bc~kkjc`ikm vbeillvbu }l mpct }bk veo}{pk ln loek}u) tbeob }bku vpkkj}km }bpl{db c iljd
pk~li{}elj ln ukcp* Tk ocjjl} mkope`k }bk ie~k ln }bkep hejd) lp }bk oepo{a}cjok cjmpk{i} ln c }pcej ln `c}}ik* @{} tk ocj blt blt }bku ie~km }ldk}bkp c aka`kp ln }bk
olaa{je}u) cjm ln ncaeiek8 blt }bku tkpk cppcjdkm ej loek}u8 tbc} cp} }bku vpco}ekm)
tbc} }kjk} }bku `kiek~km ej) tbc} acjjkp }bku mevicukm8 {jmkp tbc} vkoek lndl~kpjakj} }bku kre}km8 cjm tbc} obcpco}kp c b{acj `kejd }bku vlkkm* ]be e `u
ncp }bk al} {kn{i cjm eavlp}cj} vcp} ln be}lpu8 cjm en e} `k }p{k) c cj co{}k cjm
kils{kj} be}lpecj bc pkacphkm }bc} }bk {mmkj) ~elikj}) cjm {jvpkvcpkm pk~li{}elj
ejoemkj} }l `cp`cpecj) cpk l a{ob d{emkm `u ocvpeok) cjm }kpaejc}k l ln}kj ej op{ki}u)}bc} }bku med{} { `u }bk {jenlpae}u ln }bkep cvvkcpcjok) cjm e} e pc}bkp nlp}{jc}k nlp
ik}}kp }bc} }bku cpk `{pekm ej eikjok cjm l`ie~elj) tk bc~k vkpbcv `{} ie}}ik }l pkdpk} ej}bk }l}ci c`kjok ln Bejm{ pkolpm*
A{ob c}}kj}elj bc `kkj c}}pco}km }l }bk dkj}ikjk ln acjjkp ln }be vklvik* ]bku
vlk c nkaejejk ln}jk `l}b ej }bkep vkplj cjm ej }bkep cmmpk* C }bk ejbc`e}cj}
ln K{plvk tkpk pl{db cjm eavk}{l{) ej }bkep p{mk cjm kcpiu }c}k) cjm dpkt aeim ljiu c
}bku dpkt oe~eiewkm) }bk dkj}ikjk ln Bejm{ acjjkp bc {{ciiu eavpkkm }bkepK{plvkcj ~ee}lp te}b c bedb oljokv}elj ln }bkep vpldpk ej oe~eiewc}elj* E} e) vkpbcv) c
dpl{jm ln vpk{av}elj) `{} nciicoel{ en }chkj c c vplln* Ljk ln }bk oepo{a}cjok }bc}
me}ejd{eb }bk }c}k ln olaakjoejd oe~eiewc}elj e) }bc} e} e olavc}e`ik te}b dpkc}~elikjok) c tkii c dpkc} dkj}ikjk ln acjjkp* Jl}bejd e alpk olaalj }bcj krcavik
ln `l}b*
]bk oc{k tbeob kka }l cool{j} nlp }bkk knnko} cpk vcp}iu vbueoci cjm vcp}iu alpci*
Tbkpk }bk olaalme}ek ln ienk) ej c bcvvu {jelj ln oieac}k cjm lei) cpk c`{jmcj})dkj}ikjk ln acjjkp) c cvvkcp `u }bk }pcme}elj pkvko}ejd }bk dlimkj lp vc}lpci cdk)
e `u jl akcj {jjc}{pci }l akj ej }bk kcpiek} vkpelm ln eavpl~kakj}* ]bk c~cdk)
ej~li~km ej c olj}ej{ci }p{ddik te}b tcj}) tbl kk beakin cjm be obeimpkj k~kpumcukrvlkm }l vkpeb te}b b{jdkp) e) `u c lp} ln jkoke}u) pcvcoel{) bcpb) {jnkkiejd) cjm
op{ki* ]bk vkoek ln vlie}u {jmkp tbeob }bk jc}eljci obcpco}kp e nlpakm) e vkpbcv) }l c
}eii dpkc}kp mkdpkk) }bk oc{k ln }bk me~kpe}u tbeob tk jlt olj}kavic}k* Tbkpk }bkaejm e npkk cjm ~kj} e} vcelj te}b ie}}ik nkcp) }bk jc}elj) tbeik edjlpcj} cjm p{mk) e
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ? ln 3=
cil nekpok cjm eavk}{l{* Tbkpk ic~kpu vpk~cei) cjm cju mkvcp}{pk npla }bk al}
vkpnko} l`ks{el{jk e nliiltkm te}b }bk al} mepkn{i oljks{kjok) cjm ejej{c}ejdcjm nctjejd `kbc~el{p e }bk ej}kpk}) cjm }bkjok `kolak }bk bc`e} ln }bk vklvik*
Te}b }bk cak oc{k cpk oljjko}km }bk l}bkp ikcmejd nkc}{pk ej }bk obcpco}kp ln }bk
Bejm{* ]bku cpk pkacphc`iu vpljk }l nic}}kpu8 }bk al} vpk~ceiejd almk ln cmmpk npla}bk tkch }l }bk }pljd) tbeik akj cpk }eii edjlpcj} cjm {jpkniko}ejd* ]bk Bejm{ cpk n{ii
ln meea{ic}elj cjm ncikbllm) }bk {je~kpci oljolae}cj} ln lvvpkelj* ]bk ~eok lnncikbllm) ejmkkm) }bku ocppu }l c bkedb} cial} {jkrcavikm caljd }bk l}bkp pcok ln
akj* G{meoeci akjmcoe}u e alpk }bcj olaalj8 e} e cial} {je~kpci*
Cjl}bkp pkacphc`ik oepo{a}cjok ej }bk obcpco}kp ln }bk Bejm{8 ej vcp}) }ll) jl ml{`})
}bk knnko} ln olpvlpkci tkchjk) }bl{db cj knnko} ej lp} lvvle}k }l }bc} kroe}c`eie}utbeob tk bc~k eaakmec}kiu pkacphkm) e }bk ejkp}jk ln mevle}elj) te}b tbeob cii akj
bc~k `kkj l nlpoe`iu }p{oh ej l`kp~ejd }bk oljm{o} ln }be vko{iecp pcok* ]bk il~k lnpkvlk pkedj ej Ejmecj te}b alpk vltkpn{i tcu }bcj ej cju l}bkp pkdelj vpl`c`iu ln}bk dil`k* E} e alpk bcvvu }l `k kc}km }bcj }l tcih8 e} e alpk bcvvu }l ikkv }bcj }l `k
ctchk8 `{} }bk bcvvek} ln cii e mkc}b* _{ob e ljk ln }bk nc~l{pe}k cuejd) al}
npks{kj}iu ej }bk al{}b ln }be ie}ik }pe`k) cjm al} mkopev}e~k ln }bkep bc`e}{civplvkje}ek* Vbikdac}eo ejmlikjok vkp~cmk }bk jc}elj* Nkt vcej) }l }bk aejm ln }bk
Bejm{) cpk ks{ci }l }bc} ln `lmeiu krkp}elj8 }bk vikc{pk a{} `k ej}kjk tbeob bk vpknkp
}l }bc} ln e} }l}ci okc}elj*
]be ie}ik cvc}bu cjm olpvlpkci tkchjk ln }bk jc}e~k ln Bejm{}cj) bc~k `kkj
cope`km }l }bk oieac}k {jmkp tbeob }bku ie~k* @{} l}bkp jc}elj) {`gko} }l }bk ejni{kjok
ln c tcpa c {j) cpk jke}bkp ejmlikj} jlp tkch8 }bk Acicu) nlp krcavik) }bk Cpc`ecj)}bk Obejkk* ]bk c~cdk e ie}ik cjm ejmlikj} {jmkp k~kpu oieak* Ej dkjkpci) }be
mevle}elj a{} cpek npla }bk c`kjok ln }bk al}e~k }l tlph8 `koc{k }bk vcej ln
almkpc}k ic`l{p cpk l acju cjm dpkc}) }bc} }bk vplvko} ln }bka) tbkpk ciiltkm }llvkpc}k) ocj kimla ncei }l vplm{ok }bk krkp}elj tbeob }bku pks{epk* ]bkpk e c }c}k ln
`cp`cpe}u cjm p{mkjk tbeob eaviek) vkpbcv) c tkchjk ln aejm }ll dpkc} }l `k
ocvc`ik ln vkpoke~ejd) te}b c oikcpjk {nneoekj} }l lvkpc}k {vlj }bk teii) }bk `kjkne} ln
ic`l{p* ]be) bltk~kp) e c }c}k `kuljm tbeob }bk Bejm{ bc~k iljd ejok vckm8 cjm}bkpk e `{} ljk oc{k) }l tbeob) caljd }bk Bejm{ }bk c`kjok ln ic`l{p ocj `k cope`km8
}bkep {`gko}elj }l c tpk}obkm dl~kpjakj}) {jmkp tbeob }bk np{e} ln ic`l{p tkpk jk~kp
ko{pk*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk = ln 3=
Jc}eljcies} Tpe}ejd
Kr}pco}km npla P*O* Acg{amcp "Dkj* km*%) ]bk Oicsseoci Cdk* ^li* ?) ]bk Bes}lpu cjm O{i}{pk ln }bk
Ejmecj Vklvik* 0jm pkvpej}) X35;=Q 35>0* Vpkncok) vv* ri~erier*
]bk D{v}c Cdk) tbeob nlpa }bk {`gko}!ac}}kp ln }be ~li{ak) bc `kkj mkope`km ej
pcv}{pl{ }kpa) c }bk Dlimkj Cdk) }bk oiceoci vkpelm ln Ejmecj be}lpu) k}o* cjmn{iiu mlk e} mkkp~k }bkk cvvkiic}elj* E} tc m{pejd }be vkpelm }bc} Ejmecj ej}kiiko}
pkcobkm e} bedb tc}kpacph ej al} `pcjobk ln cp}) oekjok cjm ie}kpc}{pk) cjm Ejmecjo{i}{pk cjm oe~eiewc}elj pkcobkm c {jes{k }cdk ln mk~kilvakj} tbeob ikn} e} mkkv
eavpk {vlj {ookkmejd cdk* Nlp }bk mk}ceikm g{}eneoc}elj ln }be oicea }bk pkcmkp e
pknkppkm }l }bk ~li{ak e}kin) vcp}eo{icpiu Obcv}kp R^ cjm RER* E} teii {nneok bkpk }l
}c}k ljiu c nkt `plcm nco}* ]bk vkpelm te}jkkm }bk bedbk} mk~kilvakj} ln _cjhpe}ie}kpc}{pk) ciehk ej vplk) vlk}pu cjm mpcac* E} tc }bk cdk ln Hciemcc) tbl }cjm
{jpe~ciikm) k~kj {jcvvplcobkm) c vlk} cjm mpcac}e}* E} tc cil }bk cdk ln Mcjmej)
_{`cjmb{) cjm @cjc`bc}}c) }bk dpkc}k} tpe}kp ej _cjhpe} vplk* ]bk er u}ka lnVbeillvbu tbeob lak pkdcpm c }bk dpkc}k} ej}kiiko}{ci olj}pe`{}elj ln Ejmec }l }bk
}loh ln b{acj hjltikmdk) }llh nejci bcvk al}iu m{pejd }be vkpelm) tbeob cilvplm{okm dpkc} @{mmbe} vbeillvbkp iehk ^c{`cjmb{* E} tc cil }bk cdk ln Cacpc) }bk
dpkc}k} ikreoldpcvbkp ej _cjhpe}* Ej }bk nekim ln oekjok) tk bc~k }bk bejejd ned{pk lnCpuc`bc}c) ^cpcbcaebepc) cjm @pcbacd{v}c) tblk tlph ej Ac}bkac}eo cjm
C}pljlau cpk }eii pkohljkm c }bk dpkc}k} olj}pe`{}elj ln Ejmec }l oekjok ej }bk cjoekj}
tlpim* E} teii `k kjl{db }l pkocii }bk nco} }bc} Cpuc`bc}c tc }bk nep} }l meol~kp }bc} }bkkcp}b pl}c}k lj e} cre cjm al~k pl{jm }bk {j* Pknkpkjok bl{im cil `k acmk }l }bk
kvlob!achejd meol~kpu ln }bk mkoeaci u}ka ln jl}c}elj tbeob bc pk~li{}eljewkm }bk
vplok ln cpe}bak}eoci ocio{ic}elj cjm e jlt {km cii l~kp }bk tlpim* C pkdcpm}kobjeoci oekjok) }bk dpkc} eplj veiicp c} Akbcpc{ie jkcp Mkibe e c }pe{avb ln ak}cii{pdu*
]bk D{v}c Cdk acmk ks{ciiu vikjmem olj}pe`{}elj ej }bk mlacej ln cp}* _lak ln }bkned{pk ej }ljk c} _cpjc}b cjm ej olil{p c} Cgcj}c cpk g{}iu pkdcpmkm c ac}kpvekok ciil~kp }bk tlpim* ]bk cp} e g{}iu }uikm oiceoci) nlp }bk o{iv}{pk cjm vcej}ejd ln }be
vkpelm k} }bk }cjmcpm tbeob tc ciehk }bk emkci cjm mkvcep ln {ookkmejd cdk* ]bku
}eii pkacej }bk nejk} vplm{o}elj ln Ejmecj cp} }l tbeob almkpj tlpim bc cvvplvpec}kiuvcem c bedb }pe`{}k ln vpcek*
Nejciiu }be tc }bk cdk acmk akalpc`ik }l }bpkk b{jmpkm aeiielj Bejm{ `u }bk nco} }bc}e} te}jkkm }bk k~li{}elj ln }bc} nlpa ln @pcbacjeoci pkiedelj tbeob }bku nliilt }lmcu*
E} ct }bk nejci mk~kilvakj} ln }bk }tl dpkc} kveo) }bk Pcacucjc cjm }bkAcbc`bcpc}c
cjm }bk vbkjlakjci dplt}b ln }bk }tl pkiedel{ opkkm iehk @{mmbea cjm Gcejea* ]bk
~c} V{pcjeo ie}kpc}{pk tbeob lpedejc}km) lp c} ikc} }llh mkneje}k bcvk) m{pejd }be vkpelm)olavik}km }bk `pkch npla }bk ^kmeo Cdk cjm k} lj c liem nl{jmc}elj tbc} e jlt
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ; ln 3=
olaaljiu hjltj c Bejm{ea) }bk o{iaejc}elj ln c pkiedel{ al~kakj} tbeob bcm
`kbejm e} }bk peob bkpe}cdk ln }bk me~kpk vklvik ln Ejmec*
]bk pkvicokakj} ln Vpchpe} `u _cjhpe} c }bk ol{p}!icjd{cdk cjm }bk bedb mk~kilvakj}
ln _cjhpe} ie}kpc}{pk ej cii `pcjobk dc~k c vle}elj ln vpk!kaejkjok }l _cjhpe} icjd{cdk
tbeob `kocak }bk iejd{c npcjoc ln km{oc}km Ejmecj* E} kp~km c }bk akme{a ln co{i}{pci {je}u tbeob bc ikn} cj ejmkie`ik acph {vlj }bk vklvik cjm }p{ddik ej ic}kp
}eak* ]be o{i}{pci {je}u bc {p~e~km }pcjdk vlie}eoci ~eoee}{mk cjm nlpkedjmlaejc}elj cjm olj}e}{}k }lmcu }bk ljk {pk `ce ln }bk vlie}eoci {je}u cjm jc}eljcie}u
ej }bk Ejmecj Pkv{`ieo*
M{pejd }bk D{v}c Cdk }be o{i}{pci {je}u l~kpvpkcm }bk jc}{pci `l{jmcpek ln Ejmec cjm
ka`pcokm te}bej e} nlim c ~c} pkdelj iuejd `kuljm }bk Bejm{ H{b cjm }bk Beacicuc)
cjm copl }bk @cu ln @kjdci cjm }bk Ejmecj Lokcj* ]bk `kdejjejd ln Ejmec ej}kpol{pk
te}b }bk l{}emk tlpim bc~k `kkj mkope`km ej }bk vpkokmejd ~li{ak* M{pejd }bk vkpelm{jmkp pk~ekt) nil{pebejd Bejm{ }c}k cplk ej mennkpkj} vcp} ln }bk acejicjm ln Cec cjm
}bk Kc} Ejmek) {ob c @{pca) _eca) }bk Acicuc Vkjej{ic) Cjjca) Oca`lmec)_{ac}pc) Gc~c) @cie cjm @lpjkl* ]bkep p{ikp pkdcpmkm }bkaki~k c mkokjmkm nplaEjmecj olilje} cjm }bk Ejmecj o{i}{pk acmk c }blpl{db oljs{k} ln }bk vklvik* K~kj ej
Okj}pci cjm Kc}kpj Cec) tbkpk tk bc~k jl mkneje}k k~emkjok ln vlie}eoci mlaejc}elj `u
}bk Ejmecj olilje}) }bk o{i}{pci ejni{kjok ln Ejmec tc ~kpu dpkc}* ]bk co}e~e}ek lnEjmecj aeeljcpek ej Obejc m{pejd }bk D{v}c Cdk acu `k pkdcpmkm c cial} {jes{k ej
}bk cjjci ln o{i}{pci pkic}elj `k}tkkj }tl ejmkvkjmkj} ol{j}pek* Tk bc~k oikcp cjm
mk}ceikm k~emkjok ln }bk vpkcm ln }bk o{i}{pci ejni{kjok }l ]e`k}) Hlpkc) Gcvcj cjm k~kj
}bk Vbeievvejk eicjm ej }bk kc}) cjm l~kp }bk ~c} pkdelj ej }bk jlp}b }bc} icu ciljd }bkl~kpicjm pl{}k npla Obejc }l Ejmec }bpl{db Okj}pci Cec* ]b{ ocak ej}l `kejd }bk
Dpkc}kp Ejmec tbeob bkm i{}pk lj }bk D{v}c Cdk jl ik }bcj }bk o{i}{pci pkjcecjok
ej Ejmec*
]bk ej}kiiko}{ci dpkc}jk tbeob obcpco}kpek }bk D{v}c Cdk tc }uvenekm ej }bk
[je~kpe}u ln Jcicjmc* ]bk jcak cjm ncak ln }be dpkc} kc} ln ikcpjejd pkcobkm }bkpkal}k} olpjkp ln Cec cjm c}}pco}km }{mkj} npla cii vcp} ln }bk ~c} olj}ejkj}* E} tc
}bk ua`li ln }bk dpkc} ej}kpjc}eljci o{i}{pk ln tbeob Ejmec tc }bk {je~kpciiu
cohjltikmdkm okj}pk* ]be o{i}{pk tc vplal}km `u }bk ejopkckm ej}kpol{pk) m{pejd }be
cdk `k}tkkj Ejmecj cjm l}bkp Cec}eo ol{j}pek) vcp}eo{icpiu Obejc* ]bk mk}ceikm cool{j}}bc} tk vlk ln Ejmec olpmeci pkic}elj te}b }bkk ol{j}pek) c de~kj ej Obcv}kp
RREEE) pk~kci c o{i}{pci ej}kpjc}eljciea ln }bk Cec}eo tlpim {ob c bc pcpkiu `kkj
te}jkkm ejok*
]bk nco} pkol{j}km c`l~k teii alpk }bcj g{}enu }bk cvvkiic}elj Vkpeoikcj Cdk ln Ejmec
tbeob e ln}kj cvviekm }l }bk D{v}c vkpelm* ]bk cii!pl{jm dpkc}jk ln C}bkj ej }bk nen}bokj}{pu @O jl} ljiu ej e}kin `{} cil te}b pknkpkjok }l e} knnko} lj }bk vpldpk ln
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk > ln 3=
b{acje}u) acu jl} {jpkcljc`iu `k olavcpkm te}b }bc} ln Ejmec {jmkp }bk D{v}c* C ej
}bk ock ln Vkpeoikcj C}bkj) }bk jkt kpc ln o{i}{pk {bkpkm ej `u }bk D{v}c iljd{p~e~km }bkep vlie}eoci vltkp* ]bk D{v}c mujc}u ocak }l cj kjm ej }bk aemmik lp ic}}kp
bcin ln }bk er}b okj}{pu CM) `{} }bk D{v}c Cdk acu `k cem }l bc~k olj}ej{km nlp }tl
okj}{pek alpk* ]bk vepe} cjm dkje{ ln Hciemcc tkpk ejbkpe}km) }l lak kr}kjm) `u
@bc~c`b{}e cjm @bcpc~e) tbeik @cjc`bc}}c {pvckm Mcjmej cjm _{`cjmb{ c c ac}kpln vplk* ]bk pbk}lpeoecj @bcacbc cjm vbeillvbkp iehk H{acpeic cjm Vpc`bchcpc hkv}
{v }bk bedbk} }pcme}elj ej }bkk `pcjobk ln ie}kpc}{pk* ]bk nlpa cjm emkci ln }bko{iv}{pk c} _cpjc}b cjm }bk vcej}ejd ln Cgcj}c oc~k ejvepkm }bk cp}e} tbl hkv} {v
}bk }pcme}elj nlp ljk lp }tl okj}{pek* K~kj }bk eavkpeci }pcme}elj ln }bk D{v}c tkpk
jk~kp kj}epkiu il} edb} ln) cjm pkvkc}km c}}kav} tkpk acmk }l pk~e~k }bk eavkpeci {je}u)}bl{db {ook tc citcu blp} ie~km* N{p}bkp) c akj}eljkm c`l~k) }bk emkc ln vlie}eoci
{je}u tkpk alpk {ookn{iiu v{p{km ej Mkoocj cjm _l{}b Ejmecj `u }bk Obci{huc cjm
}bk Vciic~c* Alpkl~kp) }bk mk~kilvakj} ln }bk V{pcjeo pkiedelj cjm e} vpkmlaejcjok
l~kp @{mmbea cjm Gcejea) c tkii c }bk dpkc} mk~kilvakj} ej cp} cjm ie}kpc}{pk tkpkks{ciiu obcpco}kpe}eo ln }bk D{v}c cjm }bk Obci{huc!Vciic~c vkpelm*
]b{ ci}bl{db }bk D{v}c mem jl} p{ik l~kp }bk tblik ln Ejmecj lp nlp }bk kj}epk vkpelmmkci} te}b ej }be ~li{ak) }bk jcak D{v}c Cdk acu `k ne}}ejdiu cvviekm }l e}) nlp }bk
co}e~e}ek ln }bk D{v}c p{ikp cjm }bk o{i}{pci pkjcecjok tbeob nliiltkm ej }bkep tchk
ac}}kpkm al} m{pejd }bk tblik vkpelm cjm bc~k ac}}kpkm al} }l }bk icpdk acglpe}u lnEjmecj k~kp ejok*
Kr}pco}km npla P*O* Acg{amcp "Dkj* km*%) ]bk ^kmeo Cdk* ^li* 3) ]bk Bes}lpu cjm O{i}{pk ln }bk
Ejmecj Vklvik* ;}b pkvpej}) X35;3Q 3543) vv* 04=6*
Ej ve}k ln }bk ieae}c}elj ln l{p hjltikmdk ln }bk vlie}eoci be}lpu ln }bk vkpelm) }bkpk ocj
`k jl ml{`} }bc} e} obekn ej}kpk} cjm eavlp}cjok iek ej }bk veo}{pk ln o{i}{pci cjmoe~eiewc}elj lnnkpkm `u }bk ~c} nekim ln ^kmeo ie}kpc}{pk* Tbkpkc k~kpu}bejd kik e `{}
~cd{kiu hjltj) tk vlk jkcpiu n{ii ejnlpac}elj c`l{} }bk dplt}b cjm dpcm{ci
k~li{}elj ln }bk Ejmecj oe~eiewc}elj npla }bk tkii!acphkm }pc}eneoc}elj ln }bk ac lnie}kpc}{pk) oliiko}e~kiu hjltj c }bk ^kmc* E} e cil c ac}}kp ln dkjkpci hjltikmdk }bc}
}be oe~eiewc}elj e }bk olaalj `ce lj tbeob {ookkmejd dkjkpc}elj ln me~kpk pcok
cjm ilocie}ek bc~k `{ei} {v }bk eavlejd }p{o}{pk hjltj c }bk Bejm{ oe~eiewc}elj* ]betl{im krvicej tbu }be ~li{ak bc `kkj kj}e}ikm ]bk ^kmeo Cdk) cjm mk}ceikm }{mu bc
`kkj acmk ln e} ej }bpkk mennkpkj} ko}elj) olppkvljmejd }l }bk }bpkk tkii!acphkm }cdk
ln }bk k~li{}elj ln ^kmeo ie}kpc}{pk*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 3=
]bk obekn mennkpkjok `k}tkkj Ejmecj cjm }bk l}bkp cjoekj} ol{j}pek akj}eljkm c`l~k iek
ej }bk olj}ej{e}u ln bkp be}lpu cjm oe~eiewc}elj* ]bk o{i}{pk cjm oe~eiewc}elj ln Kduv})_{akp) Chhcm) @c`uilj) Cupec) cjm Vkpec bc~k iljd okckm }l kre}* ]bku cpk hjltj
tbkpk vc} akalpek cjm }bkep be}lpu vlkk ljiu cj cocmkaeo ej}kpk}* Ejmecj be}lpu
vlkk ljiu cj cocmkaeo ej}kpk}* Ejmecj be}lpu cjm ej}e}{}elj) bltk~kp) nlpa cj
{j`plhkj obcej `u tbeob }bk vc} e ejmeli{`iu iejhkm {v te}b }bk vpkkj}* ]bk almkpjvklvik ln Kduv} cjm Aklvl}caec bc~k jl `ljm tbc}lk~kp te}b }bk oe~eiewc}elj }bc}
nil{pebkm }bkpk aeiikjjec cdl) cjm e} akalpeci bc~k jl alpk "{{ciiu ~kpu ~kpu a{obik% akcjejd }l }bka }bcj }l cju kjiedb}kjkm acj ej cju vcp} ln }bk tlpim*
@{} jl} l ej Ejmec* ]bk eolj meol~kpkm c} Albkjgl!mcpl cpk }blk ln dlm cjmdlmmkk tbl cpk }eii tlpbevvkm ej Ejmec) cjm Bejm{ npla }bk Beacicuc }l Ocvk
Olalpej pkvkc} k~kj }lmcu }bk ^kmeo buaj tbeob tkpk {}}kpkm lj }bk `cjh ln }bk
Ejm{ jkcpiu nl{p }bl{cjm ukcp cdl* ]be olj}ej{e}u ej icjd{cdk cjm ie}kpc}{pk cjm ej
pkiedel{ cjm loeci {cdk) e alpk vplaejkj} ej Ejmec }bcj k~kj ej Dpkkok cjm E}ciu)tbkpk tk ocj }pcok }bk cak olj}ej{e}u ej be}lpu* ]bk loeci cjm pkiedel{ emkc ln
cjoekj} Dpkkok cjm Plak cjm }bkep vbeillvbu cjm l{}illh lj ienk) ej blp} lak ln }bkal} kkj}eci nco}lp tbeob de~k ejme~em{cie}u }l c jc}elj cjm vpkkp~k e} olj}ej{e}u) cpkcial} nlpkedj }l }bk vklvik jlt ejbc`e}ejd }blk icjm* Cj cp}eneoeci olj}ej{e}u e jl
ml{`} acej}cejkm ej }bkk }tl ol{j}pek cjm }bk iejh te}b }bk vc} e jl} ci}ldk}bkp
jcvvkm) c ej }bk ock ln Kduv} cjm Aklvl}caec* Jk~kp}bkik) }bk mennkpkjok ocj ljiu`k pkdcpmejd c ljk ln mkdpkk cjm jl} ln hejm8 cjm jke}bkp Dpkkok jlp E}ciu lnnkp c
vcpciiki }l Ejmec) ej pkvko} ln ke}bkp cj}es{e}u lp olj}ej{e}u ln oe~eiewc}elj*
]l }be mennkpkjok acu `k cmmkm }bk vpkkj} vle}elj ln Ejmec* Bkp vlie}eoci {`gko}elj cjmicoh ln ac}kpeci vltkp bc~k pkikdc}km bkpk }l c vle}elj ln acphkm ejnkpelpe}u ej }bk kuk
ln }bk tlpim* @l}b }bkk oc{k bc~k cnnko}km }bk }{mu ln }bk be}lpu ln Ejmec ej alpk
tcu }bcj ljk* E} bc `kkj kcu) nlp ej}cjok) }l `pejd c mk}cobkm oekj}eneo vepe} }l `kcplj }bk }{mu ln }bk be}lpu ln Ejmec* ]bk pkclj e jl} ncp }l kkh) cjm acu `k }pcokm }l c
vuoblildeoci ej}ejo} lp vlie}eoci vpkg{meok* ]bk Ejmecj ln }lmcu bc oc} e} bcmlt lj
}bk vc}) cjm nkt tpe}kp bc~k `kkj c`ik }l mekj}cjdik }bk }tl cjm ~ektkm }bpl{db }bkvko}coik ln }bk kedb}kkj}b cjm jejk}kkj}b okj}{pek* ^*C* _ae}b) }bk tkii!hjltj
be}lpecj ln cjoekj} Ejmecj cjm c me}ejd{ebkm aka`kp ln }bk Ejmecj Oe~ei _kp~eok) jk~kp
oljokcikm be cjrek}u }l vpl~k }bk `kjkneokjok ln }bk @pe}eb Pcg `u blimejd `knlpk be
pkcmkp }bk veo}{pk ln cjcpobu cjm oljn{elj tbeob ej be ~ekt bc `kkj }bk jlpacioljme}elj ej Ejmecj te}b pcpk ej}kp~ci* ]l bea) c }l acju l}bkp `knlpk cjm cn}kp bea)
cjoekj} Ejmecj be}lpu cn}kp }bk mkc}b ln Bcpb!~cpmbcjc tc akpkiu c vc}bk}eo }cik ln
vlie}eoci obcl cjm ej}kpjkoejk }p{ddik) vlej}ejd }l }bk ejk~e}c`ik alpci {ob tc Ejmeccjm {ob e} citcu bc `kkj }eii }bk @pe}eb k}c`iebkm c }c`ik lpmkp*
_lak}eak }bk vkjm{i{a tejd }l }bk lvvle}elj kr}pkak cjm Ejmecj tpe}kp kkh }l nejmej cjoekj} Ejmec c pkvieoc ln }bk al} cm~cjokm vlie}eoci ej}e}{}elj ln }bk Tk}* Npla
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 2 ln 3=
elic}km vbpck ln ml{`}n{i eavlp} }bku oljg{pk {v c veo}{pk ln c n{ii!nikmdkm almkpj
mkalopcou cjm k~kj ln cj {v!}l!mc}k vcpiecakj}cpu nlpa ln dl~kpjakj}* ]be eol{j}kp`ic}) npla }bk Ejmecj emk) }l }bk ej~k}kpc}k `kiekn ln K{plvkcj tpe}kp ej
{jmei{}km c{}lopcou c }bk ljiu nlpa ln dl~kpjakj} }bc} k~kp vpk~ceikm ej Ejmec* ]l }bka
Lpekj}ci mkvl}ea e cj cp}eoik ln nce}b }bc} olil{p }bkep tblik l{}illh* _lak bc~k
cil ejbkpe}km }bk oiceoci emkc }bc} temla cjm kjiedb}kjakj} tkpk citcu c lp} lnaljlvliu ln }bk Tk}) cjm }bk Kc}) olavcpc}e~kiu c `cohtcpm c bk e }lmcu) a{}
bc~k cos{epkm cii }bk kikakj} ln bedbkp o{i}{pk npla }bk Tk}*
]bk s{ciem vl~kp}u ln almkpj Ejmec olil{p }bk l{}illh lj koljlaeo oljme}elj ej
cjoekj} cjm akmek~ci }eak* K~kj kjiedb}kjkm be}lpecj nejm e} menneo{i} }l cookv} }bk~ekt }bc} Ejmecj `{ei} bev cjm jc~edc}km }bk kc) nlp jl `k}}kp pkclj }bcj }bc} almkpj
Ejmec blt {ob cj c~kpelj nlpa) cjm ejkv}e}{mk nlp acpe}eak co}e~e}ek* _{ob ej}cjok
acu `k a{i}eviekm }l cial} cju kr}kj}* ]bkpk cpk jl ml{`} krvko}c}elj) `{} ljk ocjjl}
mkju) lp l~kpillh) }bk `plcm nco} }bc} Ejmecj be}lpu bc {nnkpkm a{ob npla cj ej}ejo} }lpkcm }bk vpkkj} ej}l }bk vc}*
]bk lvvle}k mcjdkp ln pkcmejd }bk vc} ej}l }bk vpkkj} bc `kkj jl ik c vl}kj}eci nco}lpej me}lp}ejd }bk be}lpu ln Ejmec* ]l acju }bk al} dicpejd eavkpnko}elj cjm k~kj }bk
al} mkdpcmejd nkc}{pk ln almkpj Ejmecj loeci ienk cpk cjo}enekm `u e} vpkkj} npla
cjm knnko}) `{} `u c pknkpkjok }l tbc} }bku oljoke~k }l `k e} lpedejci obcpco}kp) cjm }bkvcp} e} e {vvlkm }l bc~k vicukm ej `{eimejd {v cj emkci loek}u ej }bk vc}* ]be cial}
jkokcpeiu ikcm }l }bk cp}eneoeci opkc}elj ln c dlimkj cdk tbeob pk} acejiu lj
eacdejc}elj cjm ej}{e}elj) ejmkvkjmkj} ln be}lpeoci k~emkjok* ]be ej}kiiko}{ci {vvlp} ln
ncik mlo}pejk cjm `cm ej}e}{}elj ej }bk jcak ln Ejmec vc} ln}kj vplokkm npla cvkp~kp}km nlpa ln vc}pel}eo kj}eakj} lp cj ej`lpj kjk ln jc}eljci vpemk* Ej ke}bkp ock
e} e c tpljd ej}kpvpk}c}elj ln Ejmecj be}lpu) cjm tbc} e tlpk) {ob ej}kpvpk}c}elj e
ln}kj mk~ekm c cj ej}p{akj} nlp oljkopc}ejd cii mkkv!kc}km vpkg{meok*
]bk }{mkj} ln Ejmecj be}lpu a{} c~lem }bkk ve}ncii cjm nliilt }bk almkpj ak}blm ln
oekj}eneo pkkcpob* L{p cea bl{im `k }bk meol~kpu ln }p{}b) cjm jl}bejd `{} }bk }p{}bcjm ej lpmkp }l c}}cej }be dlci tk a{} cvviu l{p aejm nkcpikiu cjm te}bl{} vpkg{meok
cjm vpkoljokv}elj }l }bk }{mu ln cii c~ceic`ik k~emkjok* Tk bl{im vplvkpiu en} }bkk
mc}c `u cii pc}eljci ak}blm) bcjmik }bka ej }bk vepe} ln c g{mdk pc}bkp }bcj cj cm~loc}k)
cjm nlpa{ic}k l{p oljoi{elj ljiu c ncp c }bku vkpae} { }l ml l* Tk acu jl} cobek~kmkneje}k pk{i} ej acju ock) cjm nejci cjm mkoee~k oljoi{elj tl{im vpl`c`iu `k nkt
cjm ncp `k}tkkj* @{} e} e `k}}kp }l vikcm edjlpcjok) krvpk ml{`} cjm v{} nlptcpm
ci}kpjc}e~k vle`eie}ek pc}bkp }bcj mkneje}e~kiu {vblim c ~ekt lj akcdpk cjm ej{nneoekj}dpl{jm* Tk a{} `k vcp}eo{icpiu lj l{p d{cpm tbkpk cju {ob ~ekt e iehkiu }l k~lhk
}pljd kj}eakj} cjm vcelj lp cnnko} }bk ej}kpk} ln cju oic lp olaa{je}u* ]bk
be}lpu ln Ejmec vc} }l{obk }bk vpkkj} ienk ln Ejmecj lj acju vlej}) cjm tk acuikde}eac}kiu krvko} }bk ljk }l d{emk cjm olj}pli }bk l}bkp* ]be achk e} cii }bk alpk
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 5 ln 3=
menneo{i}) kvkoeciiu nlp cj Ejmecj tpe}kp) }l }chk c mk}cobkm ~ekt ln }bk be}lpu ln Ejmec
cjm cvvplcob e} ej c v{pkiu oekj}eneo c}}e}{mk* Jk~kp}bkik }bk menneo{i}u dpkc} c e} ea{} `k l~kpolak cjm c vplvkp ope}eoci vepe} bl{im `k o{i}e~c}km) en tk cpk }l pkcm cjm
tpe}k }bk }lpu ln Ejmec vc} cjm olppko}iu {jmkp}cjm e} eavieoc}elj nlp }bk n{}{pk*
Acpres} Tpe}ejd
Kr}pco}km npla Mcalmcp Mbcpacjcjm Hlsca`e) Cj Ej}plm{o}elj }l }bk _}{mu ln Ejmecj Bes}lpu* Pkv*
kmj* A{a`ce7 Vlv{icp Vpchcsbcj) X35;>Q 3552*
Tk cpk }b{ ikm ejk~e}c`iu }l oljokj}pc}k {vlj {ooke~k mk~kilvakj}) ej obpljlildeoci
lpmkp) ej }bk akcj cjm pkic}elj ln vplm{o}elj* Ljiu }be ocj }kii { blt vklvik ie~km c}
cju vkpelm* ]bk vlej} ln ~ekt bkpk e) c ej cju l}bkp oekjok tlp}b }bk jcak) v{pkiuac}kpecie}eo* Acj achk beakin `u {ejd }lli ej lpmkp }l ie~k ejopkcejdiu tkii c} }bk
krvkjk ln be kj~epljakj}* ]bk lik vpco}eoci }k} ln be {ook bc `kkj) ej }bk vc})
olavcpc}e~kiu {mmkj ejopkck ej }bk b{acj vlv{ic}elj te}b k~kpu eavlp}cj} `ceo
meol~kpu ej }bk akcj ln vplm{o}elj* _loeci lpdcjewc}elj ocjjl} `k alpk cm~cjokm }bcj}bk ej}p{akj} ln vplm{o}elj teii ciilt* Vcp}eo{icpiu tbkj acj bc vpldpkkm npla }bknllm!dc}bkpejd s{ce!cjeaci }cdk }l }bc} ln nllm vplm{o}elj) tbeob mkneje}kiu pcek bea
c`l~k }bk cjeaci* L{p mkneje}elj bc }bk akpe} ln nlpoejd { }l jl}eok cjm }l cool{j} nlpokp}cej nkc}{pk vko{iecp }l Ejmecj loek}u cjm be}lpu) {ob c oc}k) lp }bk pkacphc`ik
icoh ln be}lpeoci kjk caljd cii `{} c nkt ln }bk al} pkokj} ej}kiiko}{ci* Okp}cejiu)
}be e }bk ljiu mkneje}elj hjltj tbeob teii ciilt c pkcljc`ik }pkc}akj} ln vpk!ie}kpc}k
be}lpu) dkjkpciiu }kpakm vpk!be}lpu* ]bk }kobjes{k ln cvviuejd }bk mkneje}elj ejvpco}eok akcj jl} ljiu }bk oliic}elj ln }bk tpe}}kj pkolpm te}b cpobcklildu) `{} }bk
ej}kpvpk}c}elj ln kcob ln }bkk ej oljg{jo}elj te}b k}bjldpcvbeo mc}c* ]bk kre}kjok ln
cju oiceoci ie}kpc}{pk eaviek }bk oic!me~eelj ln loek}u8 ie}kpcou ej }bk limk} }eak
akcj} }bk vpk!kre}kjok ln c }kavik) vpek}bllm) {p`cj ienk) me~eelj ln loek}u ej}lvplm{oejd dpl{v cjm l}bkp tbl krvplvpec}km }bk pkic}e~kiu ilt {pvi{ vplm{okm* Ljiu
}bk ic}}kp tpl}k }bk kvedpcvbu te}b tbeob }bk be}lpecj a{} tlph8 }bk vplm{okp bcm jl}}bk ike{pk nlp ie}kpcou* Meddejd {v }bk vc} }kii { c dllm mkci c`l{} }bk ej}p{akj} ln
vplm{o}elj* ]l tlph `coh npla }bk bl{k) dpc~k!dllm) }lli) cjm {}kjei nl{jm `u }bk
cpobcklilde} }l }bk nlpakp vplm{o}e~k pkic}elj) {{ciiu pkic}elj `k}tkkj oick cjm
dpl{v) jkkm c }{mu ln k}bjldpcvbu* ]bk vpejoevik bc `kkj {km `u almkpjcpobcklilde}) tbl {}eiewk }{mek ln almkpj `{} }eii vpeae}e~k Cnpeocj lp C{}pciecj
}pe`k }l k~ci{c}k nejm ej K{plvk* ]b{) okp}cej }uvk ln glej} `{peci tl{im ejmeoc}k
tbk}bkp }bk loek}u tc vpkmlaejcj}iu ac}pecpobci) vc}pecpobci) ej }pcje}elj npla }bknlpakp }l }bk ic}}kp) lp ej }bk vpk!oicj }c}k vpkokmejd `l}b*
Tk bc~k }l dl a{ob mkkvkp }bcj }be nlp }bk dpcv ln Ejmecj }pcme}elj* E} e jl} }bk
vpeae}e~k }pe`k ln l}bkp ol{j}pek }bc} cpk ln vpeacpu ej}kpk} bkpk) jlp vpeae}e~k Ejmecj{p~e~ci ej acpdejci }kppe}lpu {ob c }bk Hbce) Jcdc) Lpclj) @bei) ]lmc) Hcmcp*
]bk loeci oi{}kp }bc} {p~e~k k~kj ej }bk bkcp} ln n{iiu mk~kilvkm cpkc) cu ej cjm
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 36 ln 3=
cpl{jm oe}ek) te}b l}bkp tbeob acph cii }pc}c ln c oc}k loek}u c bc~ejd mk~kilvkm
c} lak limkp mc}k npla }bk c`lpv}elj ln }pe`ci dpl{v) olj}e}{}k vpeokik k~emkjok nlp}bk ej}kpvpk}c}elj ln lak cjoekj} pkolpm lp cpobcklildeoci nejm* ]bkep {p~e~ci c
`cohtcpm dpl{v cil n{pjebk }bk pkci vpl`ika nlp krvicjc}elj ej }bk iedb} ln
be}lpeoci mk~kilvakj}* Ejmec e c ol{j}pu ln iljd {p~e~ci* Vklvik ln }bk c}laeo cdk
p{` ki`lt te}b }blk ln }bk obciolie}beo* ]bk ~c} acglpe}u ln ol{j}puemk dlm cpk }eiimc{`km te}b c pkm vedakj} }bc} e c vcivc`ik {`}e}{}k nlp iljd!~cjebkm `illm
copeneoktbeob cil {p~e~k ej c nkt ock) ci}bl{db }bk ~kpu emkc ln `illmcopeneok tl{im jlt olak c c bloh }l acju mk~l}kk* Ljk nejm pe}k vpco}eokm
tbeob oikcpiu dl `coh }l }bk }ljk cdk) }bl{db }bk ~l}cpekln}kj vklvik te}b c
almkpj km{oc}eljcpk jl} oljoel{ ln }bk ejopkme`iu iljd olj}ej{e}u* _{ob vpco}eokacu bc~k jl nl{jmc}elj ej @pcbaej opev}{pk* @{} l}bkp vlp}elj ln _cjhpe} pe}{ci
tlph blt ks{ciiu vpeae}e~k copcakj} cmlv}km c} cial} cii vkpelm) mltj }l }bk ic}
okj}{pu* Nlpa{ick npla }bk Ped~kmc cpk }eii pkoe}km) cn}kp }bpkk aeiikjjec) c} lp}blmlr
Bejm{ acppecdk cjm n{jkpci okpkaljek nlp }bk bedbkp oc}k8 `{} }bk cak pe}k ln}kjblt nkc}{pk }bc} bc~k jl ~kmeo g{}eneoc}elj tbc}lk~kp) vpco}eokm te}b }bk cak
kcpjk}jk c }bk mlo{akj}km ^kmeo vlp}elj) te}bl{} ejoljdp{e}u lp olj}pcmeo}elj`kejd nki} `u }bk vcp}eoevcj}*Oljokj}pc}elj {vlj }bk }{mu ln pkiedelj) {vkp}e}elj) pe}{ci ocj ikcm { ~kpu ncp
ctcu npla be}lpu8 }l jkdiko} }bkep }{mu ci}ldk}bkp }bplt ctcu ~ci{c`ik nkc}{pk ln
}bk {vkp}p{o}{pk }bc} ejmeoc}k pkci obcjdk ej }bk `ce* ]bk {p~e~ci akcj }bc} jloljnieo} tc nki} ej }bc} vcp}eo{icp ock) lp }bc} vpeae}e~k ej}p{akj} ln vplm{o}elj bc~k
kjm{pkm ej ve}k ln eavlejd olavieoc}km) ln}kj }lp}{l{) mk~kilvakj} ln }bk
{vkp}p{o}{pk* ]bkpk tc pcpkiu }bk `e}}kp) ~elikj} oljnieo} `k}tkkj }bk al} vpeae}e~k
cjm al} mk~kilvkm kikakj} ln loek}u ej Ejmec }bc} ljk nejm ej }bk mk~c}c}ejdej}kpco}elj ln _vcjeb oljs{e}cmlp "te}b }bkep nepk!cpa cjm acii!vlr% te}b }pe`ci
o{i}{pk ej _l{}b Cakpeoc8 lp ln }pcmkp tbl ocppekm uvbeie) }{`kpo{ile) akcik)
ciolbli }l }bk vpk~el{iu bkci}bu vlv{ic}elj ln acju _l{}b _kc eicjm* Jl Ejmecjoljs{k} bcm }bk vkpjeoel{ knnko} ln Placj ikdelj cjm aljkuikjmkp {vlj
}pcjcivejk Dc{i) lp ln akmek~ci Obpe}ecj aeeljcpek {vlj Dkpacjeo }pe`ci vpek}*
]bk vpkkj} cvvplcob eaviek c mkneje}k }bklpu ln be}lpu hjltj c meciko}eoci
ac}kpeciea) cil ociikm Acprea cn}kp e} nl{jmkp* Cj krokiikj} }c}kakj} ln tbc} tkjkkm loo{p ej Hcpi Acpr vpkncok }l be Ope}es{k ln Vlie}eoci Koljlau "32;5%*
Tbkj ljk cvviek }bkk ejvepejd tlpm }l }bk Ejmecj vpl`ika) e} a{} `k hkv} ej aejm
}bc} Acpr vkch ln cii acjhejm tbkpk tk mkci ljiu te}b c npco}elj* Nlp blp} vkpelmej pk}peo}km ilocie}ek) c mkcm kjm) pk}pldpkelj) lp k~li{}elj `u c}plvbu cpk vle`ik
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 33 ln 3=
tbeob ocjjl} }lv }bk vpldpk ln acjhejm c c tblik) jl} k~kj acjhejm {jmkp }bk
}bpkc} ln }l}ci cjjebeic}elj `u c}laeo tcpncpk* Tk bcii c} }eak bc~k }l pkolj}p{o} }bkac}kpeci obcjdk npla tbc} {p~e~k c acph {vlj }bk emklildeoci {vkp}p{o}{pk) `{}
ik} e} `k jl}km }bc} Acprea e ncp npla }bk koljlaeo mk}kpaejea tbeob e} lvvljkj}
l ln}kj }chk e} }l `k* Nlp }bc} ac}}kp) cju ej}kiiedkj} mk}kpaejea a{} meo{
oljme}elj pc}bkp }bcj oc{k) cjm }chk n{ii oldjewcjok ln }bk ol{pk ln be}lpeocimk~kilvakj}* ]be e ncepiu tkii `pl{db} l{} ej }tl `llh `u ^*D* Obeikm7 Vekoejd
}ldk}bkp }bk Vc} "Iljmlj 35;>% cjm ]bk Vpkbe}lpu ln K{plvkcj _loek}u "Iljmlj35;2%* Emkc "ejoi{mejd {vkp}e}elj% `kolak c nlpok) ljok }bku bc~k dpevvkm }bk
ack8 }bku {vviu }bk nlpa ej tbeob akj `kolak oljoel{ ln }bkep oljnieo} cjm
nedb} }bka l{}* Jl be}lpecj acu meae lp edjlpk {ob emkc jlp ocj bk `k pkdcpmkm cbc~ejd n{ineiikm be }ch {jik bk blt tbu) blt) cjm tbkj }bk dpev tc ko{pkm*
]bk cmlv}elj ln Acpr }bke mlk jl} akcj `iejm pkvk}e}elj ln cii be oljoi{elj "cjm
k~kj ik) }blk ln }bk lnneoeci) vcp}u iejk Acpre}% c} cii }eak* E} teii `k bltj }bc}
Ejmecj bcm jk~kp c oiceoci ic~k koljlau ej }bk cak kjk c Dpkkok lp Plak* ]bkmek!bcpm cpd{akj} }bc} lak vklvik tkpk jl} npkk) }bkpk tc lak lp} ln ic~kpu) e jl}
}l }bk vlej} bkpk* ]bk e{k e ln s{cj}e}u) tbeob `u ace~k obcjdk }pcjnlpa s{cie}u}ll* ]bk pkciiu ~krkm s{k}elj e tbc} e akcj} `u ]bk Cec}eo almk ln vplm{o}elj)jk~kp mkcpiu mknejkm `u Acpr*
Nlp cii }bc}) }bk }bklpk}eoci `ce pkacej Acpre}c E {jmkp}cjm }bk ak}blm*
]b{) }bk alpk eavlp}cj} s{k}elj e jl} tbl tc hejd) jlp tbk}bkp }bk de~kj pkdelj
bcm c hejd) `{} tbk}bkp e} vklvik {km c vil{db) iedb} lp bkc~u) c} }bk }eak* ]bk }uvk lnhejdbev) c c n{jo}elj ln }bk vplvkp}u pkic}elj cjm {pvi{ vplm{okm) mkvkjm {vlj }bk
ak}blm ln cdpeo{i}{pk) jl} olj~kpkiu* Tbc} tc }bk plik ln oc}k ej `pkchejd {v }pe`ci
dpl{v }l cjjkr }bka }l loek}u< Tbkpk mem }bk ak}ci olak npla< Tbkj memolaalme}u!krobcjdk oplv iehk }bk ololj{} `kolak eavlp}cj}8 tbc} pkic}elj mem }bku
bc~k }l olaa{jci cjm vpe~c}k icjm!blimejd< Tbu bc~k tk jl icpdk!ocik obc}}ki
ic~kpu ej }bk oiceoci vkpelm cjm jl vplvkp kpnmla ej }bk nk{mci< Tbc} e }bk pkclj
nlp {p~e~ci ln Aklie}beo pe}k) olj}ej{km tlpbev ln }ljk!cdk dlm k~kj }lmcu caljdcii oick< ]bkk s{k}elj bc~k c} ikc} }l `k pcekm) }bkep cjtkp) tlphkm l{} c ncp
c vle`ik) en ljk cmlv} }bk jkt cvvplcob* Mujc}eo obcjdk ln eavlp}cjok) ~c}
pkiedel{ {vbkc~ci) cpk dkjkpciiu ejmeoc}e~k ln vltkpn{i obcjdk ej }bk vplm{o}e~k`ce) bkjok a{} `k }{mekm c {ob) jl} meaekm c kjkik nieohkp lj }bk {pncok
ln cj {jobcjdejd {`}pc}{a* ]bk ak}blm l{}iejkm c`l~k a{} `k {km co}e~kiu ej }bk
}{mu) nlp }bkep ~cieme}u bc `kkj vpl~km `u krvkpekjok*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 30 ln 3=
]bk vpkkj} tlph ocjjl} `u e} ~kpu jc}{pk `k olavpkbkje~k* ]bk nekim e jlt
}ll ~c} nlp cju ljk acj }l ol~kp* @{} E blvk c} ikc} }l mkiejkc}k c temk npcaktlphte}bej tbeob mk}ceikm pk{i} acu `k krvko}km) tbeik vlej}ejd l{} }bk ak}blm
c~ceic`ik nlp pkcobejd }bk kjm ln {ob ej~k}edc}elj* ]be eaviek lak vpk~el{
hjltikmdk lp n{p}bkp }{mu lj }bk vcp} ln }bk pkcmkp* _vkoeneociiu) }bk pkcmkp bl{im nejm
bkpk c pkolj}p{o}elj ln }bk mennkpkj} tcu tbkpk`u }bk }bpkk acglp dkldpcvbeocime~eelj ln Ejmec "edjlpejd }bk pkokj} kvcpc}elj ln Vche}cj% tkpk k}}ikm cjm ikm }l
oe~eiewc}elj7 }bk ~ciiku ln }bk Ejm{) }bk ~ciiku ln }bk Dcjdk) cjm }bk vkjej{ic* Bk teiibc~k }l pkaka`kp }bc} jl ejdik almk vpk~ceikm {jenlpaiu l~kp }bk tblik ol{j}pu c}
cju ljk }eak8 l e} e jkokcpu }l kiko} nlp }pkc}akj} }bc} vcp}eo{icp almk tbeob) c}
cju vkpelm) tc }bk al} ~edlpl{) al} iehkiu }l mlaejc}k vplm{o}elj) cjm tbeobejk~e}c`iu vpkcm l~kp }bk dpkc}kp vcp} ln }bk ol{j}pu) jl ac}}kp blt acju ln }bk limkp
nlpa {p~e~km ej l{}tcpm cvvkcpcjok*
Ejmecj oblli }kr} jlt opkme} }bk D{v}c te}b c pk~e~ci ln jc}eljciea) c vbpckvel{iu pkvkc}km `u cii* Co}{ciiu) jl kr}cj} dlimkj cdk ol{p} mpcac lp l}bkp ie}kpc}{pk
achk mepko} pknkpkjok }l cju D{v}c* Hciemcc Acic~ehcdjeae}pc e pkic}km }l }bk_{jdc8 }bk A{mpcpchcc ln^echbcmc}}c v{pvlp} }l mkope`k }bk ac}kpiu ej}ped{ktbkpk`u Obcjchuc vicokm Obcjmpcd{v}c Ac{puc ko{pkiu {vlj }bk }bpljk ln Acdcmbc*
Ljiu }bk V{pcjc caljd olj}kavlpcpu mlo{akj} akj}elj }bk kcpiu D{v}c)
olj}kav}{l{iu dpl{vkm te}b acju l}bkp vk}}u hejd*
]bk acej vpcek ln }bk D{v}c e nl{jm al}iu ej }bkep ltj ejopev}elj) nlpdl}}kj nlp c
aeiikjje{a) {j}ei pkcm `u K{plvkcj oblicp npla Vpejkv ljtcpm ej }bk 35}b okj}{pu*
K~kj }bk jcak ln }bk kavkplp bcm vckm npla akalpu* Ljok pkcm) v{`iebkm) cjm}pcjic}km) }bk pkolpm tkpk kcdkpiu kewkm {vlj `u }bk jcokj} Ejmecj `l{pdkleek c
olj}pcmeo}elj ln }bk olj}cj} @pe}eb ildcj7 Ejmec bc jl be}lpu) krokv} oljs{k} `u c
olj}ej{l{ {ookelj ln nlpkedj ej~cmkp* Ncp npla }bk D{v}c pk~e~ejd jc}eljciea) e}tc jc}eljciea }bc} pk~e~km }bk D{v}c*
N[P]BKP PK_L[POK_
C Jl}k lj }bk ]pcjsic}eljs ln Ejsopev}eljs
Nlp }bk chk ln kcu cooke`eie}u) ejC Be}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec) jlj!
Kjdieb tlpm bc~k `kkj vki} vbljk}eociiu cjm mecope}eoci acph bc~k jl} `kkj {km* ]bk
}pcjic}km krokpv} npla }kr} ej }be tk` {vvikakj} cil ml jl} {k mecope}eo* Bltk~kp)c al} cocmkaeo tpe}ejd {k okp}cej }pcjie}kpc}elj cjm mecope}eo olj~kj}elj) e} e c
dllm emkc }l {jmkp}cjm }bka* ]bk o{ppkj}iu {km }pcjie}kpc}elj olj~kj}elj nlp _cjhpe}
cjm ]caei bc~k `kkj ejmeoc}km lj v* >== ln }bk `llh*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3? ln 3=
Ej lpmkp }l ejopkck ncaeiecpe}u te}b }bkk olj~kj}elj) }bk }pcjic}elj ln
ejopev}elj ej }be Tk` {vvikakj} bc~k pk}cejkm }bk }pcjie}kpc}elj olj~kj}elj }bc} cpk{km ej }bkep lpedejci v{`ieoc}elj* Vikck jl}k }bc} }bkpk cpk lak ~cpec}elj ej }bk
u}ka {km) cjm }bc} }bk }pcjic}elj }bc} tkpk v{`iebkm ej }bk 35}b cjm kcpiu 06}b
okj}{pu {k c iedb}iu mennkpkj} u}ka* Nlp krcavik) ej limkp tpe}ejd) }bk Z acph e {km
ej}kcm ln }bk acoplj "
% }l ejmeoc}k iljd ~ltki) cjm }be acph e cil {km l~kp okp}cejblp} ~ltki tbkpk o{ppkj}iu oblicp vpknkp }l ikc~k }bka l{}* Ul{ teii cil jl}eok lak
~cpec}elj ej }bk tcu ej tbeob }bk nep} }tl vcic}ci oljljcj} cpk }pcjie}kpc}km) c obc
cjm obbc ej}kcm ln oc cjm obc* ]bk pk}plnikr e cil ln}kj }pcjie}kpc}km c b*
]bk pk}plnikr e lak}eak tpe}}kj c e*
Tbkj ul{ pkcm ejopev}elj ej }bk lpedejci) ul{ bl{im cil `k ctcpk ln c nkt
`ceo kvedpcvbeo olj~kj}elj7 Ej }bk ock ln _cjhpe}) cj ks{ci edj "1% e {km }l ejmeoc}k
k{vbljeo ola`ejc}elj "cjmbe%) cjm c mcb "!% e {km }l kvcpc}k olavl{jm tlpm
"cac%* Tbkpk }bkpk cpk `l}b cjmbe cjm cac) }bk mcb edj e {km*
Mennkpkj} hejm ln `pcohk} cpk cil {km ej }bk }pcjie}kpc}elj ln }bk lpedejci }kr} ln
ejopev}elj7
"% _eavik pl{jm `pcohk} ejmeoc}k olppko}elj cjm ml{`}n{i vlej}*
XQ _s{cpk `pcohk} ejmeoc}k mcacdkm lp vcp}eciiu eiikde`ik ik}}kp8 lp ik}}kp }bc} ocjjk~kp}bkik `k {vviekm te}b okp}cej}u*
X'Q _s{cpk `pcohk} }bc} bc~k ik}}kp cjm cj c}kpeh ejemk blt }bc} ik}}kp lp
v{jo}{c}elj acph cpk lae}}km ej }bk lpedejci }kr}*
_lak @llhs ]bc} Cpk Tkii Tlp}b Pkcmejd
C Be}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec bc mk}ceikm ej!}kr} pknkpkjok) ie} ln
n{p}bkp pkcmejd) cjm c `e`ieldpcvbu* C nkt ln }bk alpk pkokj} `llh }bc} ul{ acu nejm{kn{i cpk ie}km `kilt) te}b `pekn olaakj}7
Cie) Mc{m* 066>* Ol{p}iu O{i}{pk cjm Vlie}eoci Ienk ej Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec* Jkt Mkibe)Nl{jmc}elj @llh* ]be ~kpu }bl{db}!vpl~lhejd cjciue ln }kr}{ci) ejopev}eljci cjm
o{iv}{pci l{pok ac}kpeci pkic}km }l }bk nep} aeiikjje{a ch jkt) pknpkbejd s{k}elj
c`l{} vlie}eoci o{i}{pk ej kcpiu akmek~ci Ejmec*
Bcthk) Gclj cjm Chepc _beacmc) km* 0665* @{mmbe} _}{vc ej _l{}b Cec7 Pkokj}
Cpobcklildeoci) Cp}!Be}lpeoci) cjm Be}lpeoci Vkpvko}e~k* Jkt Mkibe7 Lrnlpm[je~kpe}u Vpk* ]be `llh) tbeob illh c} @{mmbe} }{vc npla acju mennkpkj}vkpvko}e~k) e c ~ci{c`ik cmme}elj }l }bk ie}kpc}{pk lj }bk {`gko}*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Ej}plm{o}elj7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3= ln 3=
Vliiloh) _bkimlj* 066>* ]bk Icjd{cdk ln }bk Dlm ej }bk Tlpim ln Akj7 _cjhpe})
O{i}{pk cjm Vltkp ej Vpkalmkpj Ejmec* @kphkiku) [je~kpe}u ln Ocienlpjec Vpk* C`peiiecj}) be}lpeociiu dpl{jmkm }bklpewejd ln }bk pkic}eljbev `k}tkkj icjd{cdk) o{i}{pk
cjm vltkp) coolavcjekm `u }bl{db}!vpl~lhejd opl!o{i}{pci vcpciiki* E} e cipkcmu
akj}eljkm ej au `llh @e`ieldpcvbu) `{} E tl{im iehk }l kavbcewk }bc} e} e kkj}eci
pkcmejd nlp vl}dpcm{c}k }{mkj} cjm nlp cjuljk tbl tcj} }l dl `kuljm }bk `ceo lncjoekj} Ejmecj be}lpu*
Pcjdcobcpe) Mk~ehc* 0665* Ej~ee`ik Tlakj) ^ee`ik Be}lpek7 Dkjmkp) _loek}u) cjm
Vlie}u ej Jlp}b Ejmec "4}b!30}b okj}{pu CM%* Mkibe7 Acjlbcp* ]be `llh }chk }bk
eavlp}cj} }kv ln ejkp}ejd dkjmkp cjm tlakj ej}l }bk jcppc}e~k ln kcpiu akmek~ci Ejmec*
]ucde) Gcuc* 0662*Kjdkjmkpejd }bk Kcpiu Bl{kblim7 @pcbacjeoci Vpkokv} ej }bk KcpiuDpbuc{}pc) Aemmik ln }bk Nep} Aeiikjje{a @OK* Jkt Mkibe7 Lpekj} Iljdacj* C {kn{i)
mk}ceikm }{mu ln tbc} cj eavlp}cj} cjm ejni{kj}eci oc}kdlpu ln @pcbacjeoci }kr} bc~k }lcu c`l{} dkjmkp cjm }bk bl{kblim*
^ki{}bc}) Hkc~cj* 0662* ]bk Kcpiu Akmek~ci ej _l{}b Ejmec* Mkibe7 Lrnlpm [je~kpe}uVpk* ]be e cj eavlp}cj} oliiko}elj ln kcu lj c ~cpek}u ln }bkak pkic}km }l kcpiu
akmek~ci _l{}b Ejmec*
S[K_]ELJ_ CJM E__[K_ ]L ]BEJH C@L[]
C be}lpu ln cjoekj} Ejmec npla vpkbe}lpu }l }bk 30}b okj}{pu dkjkpc}k b{jmpkm ln
s{k}elj* De~kj `kilt cpk lak s{k}elj ln ~cpekm olavikre}u cjm mk}cei* ]bkk ocj `k
{km c c `ce nlp tpe}ejd kcu) oic meo{elj) lp c e{k }l }bejh c`l{}*
3* Pkniko} lj }bk pkic}eljbev `k}tkkj vlie}eoci vltkp) emklildu cjm be}lpu!tpe}ejdte}b pknkpkjok }l }bk be}lpeldpcvbu ln cjoekj} Ejmec*
0* Tbc} cpk lak ln }bk dcv cjm eikjok }bc} ul{ bc~k jl}eokm ej }bk be}lpu `llh}bc} ul{ bc~k pkcm< Blt ml ul{ krvicej }bkk) cjm blt ocj }bku `k cmmpkkmKR]PCO]_ NPLA @[MMBE_] ]KR]_
Kr}pco}km npla K* @* Oltkii) km*) ]bk Gc}chc) lp _}lpeks ln }bk @{mmbcs Nlpakp @ep}bs) ^li* E) @llh E*
]pcjsic}km npla Vcie `u ^cpel{s Bcjms* Jkt Mkibe7 Ilt Vpeok V{`ieoc}eljs) X325=Q 3556*
]bk Gc}chc jl* 345) _c}cmbcaac Gc}chc
]be }lpu }bk Ac}kp }lim tbeik lgl{pjejd ej Gk}c~cjc) c`l{} }bk }tkj}u!ljk {jictn{itcu ln ocp~ejd c ie~kiebllm*
C} ljk }eak }bkpk tkpk c dpkc} acju `pk}bpkj tbl {km }l dk} c ie~ejd `u `kejd
vbueoecj) lp p{jjkp) mlejd kppcjm lj nll}) krobcjdejd cia nlp cia) cjm }bk iehk) }bk}tkj}u!ljk {jictn{i ociiejd) cii }be teii `k k} nlp}b ej }bk _chk}c @ep}b* Tbkj }bk
Ac}kp nl{jm l{} }bc} }bku dl} }bkep ie~ejd }b{) bk cem) Jlt }bkpk cpk c dpkc} acju
@pk}bpkj tbl dk} }bkep ie~ejd ej {jictn{i tcu* ]blk tbl dl} }bkep ie~ejd }b{ teii jl}kocvk `ep}b c dl`iej lp meka`lmekm vepe}8 }bku teii `kolak `kc} ln `{pmkj8 }bku
teii `k `lpj ej bkii8 nlp }bkep `kjkne} cjm `ikejd e} e jkokcpu }l blim c meol{pk tbeob
`kcp e} ltj alpci oikcp cjm vicej* _l bk {aaljkm }bk olaa{je}u }ldk}bkp) cjm cem)
@pk}bpkj) ul{ a{} jl} tej ul{p jkokcpek `u }bk ljk!cjm!}tkj}u {jictn{i ak}blm*Nllm tlj {jictn{iiu e iehk c vekok ln pkmbl} eplj) iehk c mkcmiu vlelj* ]bkk {jictn{i
ak}blm cpk `icakm cjm pk`{hkm `u meoevik ln cii @{mmbc cjm Vcookhc!@{mmbc* Nlp
}blk tbl kc} nllm dcejkm `u {jictn{i akcj }bkpk e jl ic{db}kp cjm jl glu* Nllm dl} ej}be tcu) ej au pkiedelj) e iehk }bk ikc~ejd ln ljk ln }bk iltk} oc}k* ]l vcp}chk ln e})
nlp c meoevik ln }bk Pkiedelj ln }bk Dllm e iehk vcp}chejd ln }bk ikc~ejd ln }bk ~eik} ln
acjhejm* Cjm te}b }bkk tlpm) bk }lim cj lim!tlpim }lpu7
Ljok {vlj c }eak) tbkj @pcbacmc}}c tc hejd ln @kjcpk) }bk @lmbec}}c tc `lpj c
}bk lj ln c acj ln }bk iltk} oc}k* Tbkj bk dpkt {v) bk }llh }bk plcm nlp lakv{pvlk) }chejd nlp be vpl~eelj lak peok dpcej ej c `chk}*
C} }bc} }eak }bkpk tc c ul{jd nkiilt ej @kjcpk) jcakm _c}cmbcaac* Bk tc }bk ljln c acdjeneol) c Jlp}bkpj @pcbaej* Bk cil }llh }bk plcm nlp lak v{pvlk) `{} jke}bkp
peok dpcej jlp `chk} bcm bk* ]bk }tl ak} {vlj }bk bedbtcu* _cem }bk ul{jd `pcbaej }l
}bk l}bkp) Tbc} oc}k cpk ul{ ln
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 0 ln 34
ciljd* @pkchnc} }eak ocak* ]bk @lmbec}}c c} mltj tbkpk }bkpk tc lak jeok tc}kp)
cjm tcbkm be bcjm) cjm lvkjkm be `chk}* Teii ul{ bc~k lak
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ? ln 34
cok}eo tbl bcm acmk c bkpae}cdk ej }bc} pkdelj) cjm }bkpk }bku ie~km* @{} }bku mem jl}
}chk }bk akcj }l ejm{ok pkiedel{ ko}cu* ]bku nk}obkm }bk np{e} npla }bk tllm) }l kc}8}bkj }bku vkj} }bk }eak ic{dbejd cjm glhejd }ldk}bkp* ]bku bcm c aljhku) p{mk!
acjjkpkm iehk }bkaki~k) tbeob dc~k }bka kjmik ca{kakj} `u be dpeacok cjm
cj}eo*
Iljd }bku ie~km ej }be vicok) }eii }bku bcm }l dl caljd} akj cdcej }l dk} ci} cjm
oljmeakj}* Cn}kp }bku tkj} ctcu) }bk @lmbec}}c ie~km ej }bkep mtkiiejd!vicok* ]bkaljhku vicukm be vpcjh nlp bea c bk bcm mljk nlp }bk l}bkp* ]bk @lmbec}}c jcv} be
nejdkp c} bea) cjm dc~k bea c iko}{pk) cuejd) Ljk tbl ie~k te}b teii!}pcejkm cok}eo
l{db} }l `kbc~k vplvkpiu) l{db} }l `k tkii!cm~ekm ej be co}elj) cjm mk~l}km }lakme}c}elj* Cn}kp }bc}) }bk aljhku tc citcu ~ep}{l{ cjm tkii!`kbc~km*
Cn}kp }be) }bk @lmbec}}c al~km ctcu* ]bk l}bkp cok}eo pk}{pjkm te}b }bkep ci} cjm
oljmeakj}* @{} }bk aljhku jl iljdkp vicukm be vpcjh nlp }bka* Tbc} }be) aunpekjm) }bku chkm* Tbu mlj} ul{ achk vlp}) c ul{ {km }l ml
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk = ln 34
V*04KR]PCO]_ NPLA GCEJC ]KR]_
Kr}pco}km nplaGcejc _{}pcs) Vcp} E) _copkm @llhs ln }bk Kcs} skpeks) }pcjsic}km `u Bkpacjj Gcol`e*
Lrnlpm7 Oicpkjmlj Vpkss) 352=*
Cobcpcjdc _{}pc =
]bk Cpbc} cjm @bcdc~c} ln }bk vc}) vpkkj}) cjm n{}{pk) cii cu }b{) vkch }b{)
mkoicpk }b{) krvicej }b{7 cii `pkc}bejd) kre}ejd) ie~ejd) kj}ekj} opkc}{pk bl{im jl} `kicej) jlp }pkc}km te}b ~elikjok) jlp c`{km) jlp }lpakj}km) jlp mpe~kj ctcu* "3%
]be e }bk v{pk) {jobcjdkc`ik) k}kpjci ict) tbeob }bk oik~kp ljk) tbl {jmkp}cjm }bk
tlpim) bc~k mkoicpkm7 caljd }bk wkcil{ cjm }bk jl} wkcil{) caljd }bk nce}bn{i cjm }bkjl} nce}bn{i) caljd }bk jl} op{ki cjm }bk op{ki) caljd }blk tbl bc~k tlpimiu tkchjk
cjm }blk tbl bc~k jl}) caljd }blk tbl iehk loeci `ljm cjm }blk tbl ml jl}7 }bc}
e }bk }p{}b) }bc} e l) }bc} e vploiceakm ej }be "opkkm%* "0%
Bc~ejd cmlv}km "}bk ict%) ljk bl{im jl} bemk e}) jlp nlpchk e}* Olppko}iu {jmkp}cjmejd}bk ict) ljk bl{im cppe~k c} ejmennkpkjok nlp }bk eavpkelj ln }bk kjk) cjm jl} co}
lj }bk al}e~k ln }bk tlpim* Bk tbl e jl} ln }be aejm) blt bl{im bk olak }l }bkl}bkp
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ; ln 34
Te}b m{k oljemkpc}elj vpkcobejd }bk ict ln }bk akjmeocj}) ljk bl{im ml jl ejg{pu }l
ljk kin) jlp }l cju`lmu kik) jlp }l cju ln }bk nl{p hejm ln ie~ejd `kejd* @{} c dpkc}cdk) jke}bkp ejg{pejd jlp ejg{pkm) `kolak c bki}kp nlp cii lp} ln cnnieo}km opkc}{pk)
k~kj c cj eicjm) tbeob e jk~kp ol~kpkm te}b tc}kp* "=%
]b{ c acj tbl krkp} beakin) cjm e ln c }kcmu aejm) te}bl{} c}}cobakj}) {jal~km"`u vcelj% `{} pk}ik "ej tcjmkpejd c`l{}%) bc~ejd jl tlpimiu mkepk) bl{im ikcm }bk
ienk ln cj cok}eo*
Bc~ejd olj}kavic}km }bk `kc{}en{i ict) }bk meokpjejd ljk e ie`kpc}km*
]bkpknlpk illh c} tlpimiejk) uk akj) nk}}kpkm ej nk}}kp#
]blk tbla i{} oljs{kp) ejh8 }bkpknlpk ml jl} bpejh npla }bk bcpm "olj}pli%# Bk tbl
hjlt "cjm pkjl{jok% vkpnko}iu cjm }blpl{dbiu }bkk ejg{pel{ co}) npla tbla }bkejg{pkp ml jl} bpejh) tbl bc bchkj lnn tpc}b) vpemk) mki{elj) cjm dpkkm) bk e
ociikm c pkal~km ljk* ]b{ E cu* ";%
Lj }bk mkocu ln }bk `lmu "bk mlk jl} mkvljm) `{} mkkp~k% be cvvkiic}elj) }bk ikcmkp
ln }bk `c}}ik* ]bk cdk tbl bc pkcobkm }bk l}bkp emk) {jcnnieo}km cjm {jal~km iehk c
`kca) `kejd ej }bk vltkp ln mkc}b) mkepk mkc}b c }bk meli{}elj ln }bk `lmu* ]b{ Ecu* ">%
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
Kjm ln }bk _er}b Iko}{pk) ociikm }bk Oikcjejd*
V*04VLKA_ NPLA ]BK _CJDCA OLPV[_
Kr}pco}km npla ]bk V{pcjcj{p{) Nl{p B{jmpkm _ljds ln Tcp cjm Tesmla7 Cj Cj}blildu ln Vlkas
npla Oicsseoci ]caei*]pcjsic}km cjm kme}km `u Dklpdk I* Bcp} cjm Bcjh Bkenk}w* Iljmlj7 Vkjd{ej
@llhs) 0660*
V{cj{ 330
]bc} mcu ej }bk tbe}k
iedb} ln }bk allj)
tk bcm l{p nc}bkp
cjm kjkaek bcm jl} }chkj l{p al{j}cej*]be mcu ej }bk tbe}k
iedb} ln }bk alljhejd
tblk pluci mp{a `kc} ~eo}lpu
bc~k }chkj l{p al{j}cej
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk > ln 34
cjm tk bc~k il}
l{p nc}bkp
]bk sljd ln Vpes mc{db}kps
V{cj{ 33?
]bku tl{im lvkj vl} ln ies{lp)ic{db}kp pca)
ollh peok cjm nejk akc}
cjm de~k }bka }l tblk~kp tcj}km }bkal peob ul{ tkpk)
{ob npekjmbev ul{ bltkm `knlpk*
Jlt Vpe e mkcm)
E ca `kteimkpkm cjm il}*Au kuk }pkca }kcp*
E `lt cjm dl) vpceejd ul{)dpkc}!jcakm Vccav{ al{j}cej)
}l nejm akjne} }l }l{ob }bk npcdpcj} mcph bcep ln be mc{db}kp
}bkep tpe} mkolpc}km te}b acju acii `cjdik*
]bk sljd ln Hcveicp) cs bk }llh ikc~k ln Vccav{ Xal{j}cejQ }l de~k ej acppecdk }l
@pcbaejs }bk mc{db}kps ln ^ Vpe
V{cj{ 30?
Cjuljk) en bk mpejh }lmmu ej }bk alpjejdcjm dk} bcvveiu mp{jh `u }bk }eak bk blim ol{p})ocj de~k ctcu obcpel}*
@{} Aciceuc) tblk dllm ncak jk~kp ikkj)
de~k te}bl{} dk}}ejd mp{jh alpk }cii lpjcakj}km obcpel}
}bcj }bkpk cpk mplv ej }bk oil{m
}bc} nlpa l~kp peob A{iip al{j}cej*
Hcveicp sejds Aciceuca ]ep{a{ehhpe
V{cj{ 32?
Ikcpjejd e c nejk }bejd }l bc~k en c }{mkj} bkiv c }kcobkp ej be }pl{`ik) de~k bea c
ac ln tkci}b cjm bljlp bea te}bl{} k~kp bltejd memcej# Caljd }blk `lpj npla
}bk cak
`kiiu)
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 37 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 34
Tbl bcpk }bk cak jc}{pk) c al}bkp bkcp} teii `k al} }kjmkp }ltcpm }bk al} ikcpjkm#Ln cii tbl cpk `lpj ej}l c glej} ncaeiu) c hejd teii jl} {aalj }bk kimk} }l be emk `{}
ej}kcm bk teii blt nc~lp }l }bk acj caljd }bka tbl bc }bk dpkc}k}
hjltikmdk#
Cjm te}b }bk nl{p oick ln loek}u me}ejd{ebkm c mennkpkj}) bl{im cjuljk npla }bk
iltk} `kolak c ikcpjkm acj) lakljk ln }bk bedbk} oic) pk~kpkj}iu) teii olak }l bea}l
}{mu#
]bk sljd ln Vcj}eucj Cpeucvvc}ce Hc}cj}c Jk}{jokieucj* ]ejce7vl}{~euci* ]{pce7
vlp{jaliehhcjoe
V{cj{ 035
Lj cj eicjm ej c pe~kp)ej c vl}}km bcmk)ul{ e} cjm ul{p `lmu mpek {v*
Cpk ul{ cjdpu te}b ak) tcppelp
tbl bc~k chkm l acju }l glej ul{ bkpk ln 00
OIL_K![V LN MPCEJ C] IL]BCI
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 00
TCII LN MLOHUCPM M[PEJDKROC^C]ELJ_ C] IL]BCI
@BCDTCJV[PC7]LU PCA NPLA IC]K BCPCVVCJVDTL^KPICV IK^KI
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 2 ln 00
E^LPU L@GKO]_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 5 ln 00
C@L^K CJM IKN]7DLIM JKOHICOK_)IL]BCI
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 36 ln 00
IL]BCI7AEJEC][PK VL])VCEJ]KM TE]B C MKKP CJM C @EPM
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 33 ln 00
@CJCTCIE7_KCI_
@CJCTCIE7]KPPCOL]]C _KCIEJD
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 30 ln 00
@CJCTCIE7]KPPCOL]]C @KCM_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3? ln 00
@CJCTCIE7]KPPCOL]]C DPCNNE]E
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3= ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7_ACII KC_]KPJ ]CJH
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3; ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7_]P[O][PCI PKACEJ_
LN OE]CMKI
MBLIC^EPC7VEIICP @C_K LNKC_] DC]K
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3> ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7KROC^C]ELJ_EJ VPLDPK__
MBLIC^EPC7
^EKT LNAEMMIK]LTJ_]PKK]
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 34 ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7^EKT LN ILTKP ]LTJ _]PKK]
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 32 ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7^EKT LN _E]K
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 35 ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7_EDJ@LCPM
MBLIC^EPC7_KCI_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 06 ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7EJ _E][@KCM_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 03 ln 00
MBLIC^EPC7VKPNLPC]KM GCP
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp =7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 00 ln 00
S[K_]ELJ_ CJM E__[K_ ]L ]BEJH C@L[]
C be}lpu ln cjoekj} Ejmec npla vpkbe}lpu }l }bk 30}b okj}{pu dkjkpc}k b{jmpkm ln
s{k}elj* De~kj `kilt cpk lak s{k}elj ln ~cpekm olavikre}u cjm mk}cei* ]bkk ocj `k
{km c c `ce nlp tpe}ejd kcu) oic meo{elj) lp c e{k }l }bejh c`l{}*3* Krvicej }bk mennkpkjok `k}tkkj }bk }kpa o{i}{pk cjm oe~eiewc}elj*
0* Blt bc~k pkokj} kroc~c}elj ci}kpkm l{p {jmkp}cjmejd ln }bk Bcpcvvcj
oe~eiewc}elj* Meo{ }bk pkic}e~k eavlp}cjok ln ej}kpjci cjm iljd!me}cjok }pcmk ej }bk
Bcpcvvcj oe~eiewc}elj*
4* Tbc} cpk }bk ~cpel{ plik }bc} tpe}ejd vicukm ej }bk Bcpcvvcj oe~eiewc}elj45 AC_E7 2?* Jkt Mkibe7 Cpobcklildeoci _loek}u ln Ejmec) 352>*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ; ln 30
V*0;? VBL]LDPCVB_ LN AKDCIE]B_ NPLA ^CPEL[_ _E]K_
C@L^K7AKDCIE]B_ R CJM ^)@PCBACDEPE8@KILT7OE_] @[PECI)@PCBACDEPE8PEDB]7
PLOH O[] OC^K)OLOBEJ
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk > ln 30
N[P]BKP PK_L[POK_
VBL]LDPCVB_
MCEAC@CM @PLJWK_
@[NNCIL
KIKVBCJ]
DPL[V
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 30
PBEJLOKPL_
_EMK ^EKT LN ACJ LJ
OBCPEL]
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 2 ln 30
VCEJ]KM MK_EDJ_ LJ MCEAC@CM VL]]KPU
]LV PEDB]7VCEJ]KM VL]8IKN])]LV IKN])
CJM C@L^K7VCEJ]KM VL] _BKPM_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 5 ln 30
AKDCIE]BEO @[PECI_
]LV IKN]7MLIAKJLEM OE_]
@[PECI TE]B _CPOLVBCDE)
_CJ[P8C@L^K7ML[@IK OE_]
@[PECI)_CJ[P8IKN]7
_HKIK]LJ TE]B DPC^K DLLM_)
@PCBACDEPE
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 36 ln 30
CP]KNCO]_ NPLA ^CPEL[_ _E]K_
C@L^K CJM PEDB]7
CBEOBOBBC]PC7DPKUTCPK8C@L^K PEDB]7
OLVVKP BLCPM
BCPVLLJ_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 33 ln 30
OLVVKP BLCPM CJ]BPLVLALPVB_ CJM L]BKP L@GKO]_
S[K_]ELJ_ CJM E__[K_ ]L ]BEJH C@L[]
C be}lpu ln cjoekj} Ejmec npla vpkbe}lpu }l }bk 30}b okj}{pu dkjkpc}k b{jmpkm lns{k}elj* De~kj `kilt cpk lak s{k}elj ln ~cpekm olavikre}u cjm mk}cei* ]bkk ocj `k
{km c c `ce nlp tpe}ejd kcu) oic meo{elj) lp c e{k }l }bejh c`l{}*
3* Tbc} cpk }bk menneo{i}ek ej mc}ejd }bkPed ^kmc
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp ;7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 30 ln 30
;* Pkniko} lj }bk pkic}eljbev `k}tkkj loeci }pc}eneoc}elj cjm }bk kakpdkjok ln
aljcpobeoci }c}k ej jlp}b Ejmec m{pejd }bk nep} aeiikjje{a @OK*
>* Meo{ }bk lpedej cjm jc}{pk ln }bk nl{p!nlim ~cpjc lpmkp ej ^kmeo }kr}*
4* Meo{ }bk olavikr pkic}eljbev `k}tkkj dlmmk tlpbev cjm dkjmkp pkic}elj
ej cjoekj} Ejmecj loek}ek*
2* Cvcp} npla }bk ^kmc) tbc} cpk }bk l}bkp l{pok ln ejnlpac}elj nlp }bk be}lpu ln
}bk {`olj}ejkj} `k}tkkj o* 0666 cjm ;66 @OK>
66
66
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66
66 @@OOKK
V*?64 KROKPV]_ NPLA @[MMBE_] ]KR]_
Kr}pco}km npla ^ejcuc ]kr}s) Vcp} E7 ]bk Vc}ealhhbc) ]bk Acbc~cddc EE^* Pkvpej}km kme}elj
}pcjsic}km npla Vcie `u ]* T* Pbus Mc~ems cjm Bkpacjj Limkj`kpd* Mkibe7 Al}eici @cjcpsemcss)
X322;Q 3520*
C} }bc} }eak }bkpk tc ej @kjcpk c jl`ik ul{}b) Ucc `u jcak) }bk lj ln c sk}}be "lp}pkc{pkp% cjm mkieoc}kiu j{p}{pkm* Bk bcm }bpkk vcicok) ljk nlp tej}kp) ljk nlp {aakp)
ljk nlp }bk pceju kclj* Ej }bk vcicok nlp }bk pceju kclj bk ie~km m{pejd }bk nl{palj}b "ln }bc} kclj%) {ppl{jmkm te}b nkacik a{eoecj caljd tbla jl acj tc)
cjm bk mem jl} mkokjm npla }bc} vcicok "cii }bc} }eak%* Jlt ljk mcu Ucc) }bk jl`ikul{}b) tbl tc kjmltkm te}b) cjm vlkkm ln }bk ne~k vikc{pk ln kjk) tbeik bk tc
c}}kjmkm "`u }blk nkacik a{eoecj%) nkii cikkv lljkp }bcj {{ci8 cjm cn}kp bea be
c}}kjmcj} cil nkii cikkv* Jlt cj lei icav tc `{pjejd }bpl{db }bk tblik jedb}*
Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) ctlhk lljkp }bcj {{ci cjm bk ct be c}}kjmcj} ikkvejd*
Ljk bkp i{}k ikcjejd cdcej} bkp cpa!ve}8 ljk bcm }c`lp ikcjejd cdcej} bkp cpa!ve}) ljkbcm bkp }c`lp ikcjejd cdcej} bkp jkoh8 ljk bcm bkp mp{a ikcjejd cdcej} bkp cpa!ve}) ljk
bcm mebk~kikm bcep8 ljk bcm cie~c niltejd npla bkp al{}b) cjm }bku tkpk a{}}kpejd ej
}bkep ikkv* Ljk tl{im }bejh e} tc c okak}kpu ljk bcm nciikj ej}l* Tbkj bk ct }bc}) }bkk~ei "ln }bk ienk bk ikm% acjenk}km }bkaki~k }l bea8 be aejm `kocak tkcpu "lntlpimiu vikc{pk%* Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) dc~k {}}kpcjok }l }be likaj
kroicac}elj7 Cic# Tbc} me}pk* Cic# Tbc} mcjdkp#
Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) v{} lj be dei} ievvkp) cjm tkj} }l }bk dc}k ln be bl{k*
Jlj!b{acj `kejd lvkjkm }bk dc}k) ej lpmkp }bc} jl `kejd aedb} vpk~kj} Ucc }bk jl`ik
ul{}b ikc~ejd }bk tlpim) cjm dlejd nlp}b ej}l }bk bl{kik }c}k* Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ikul{}b) tkj} }l }bk dc}k ln }bk oe}u* Jlj!b{acj `kejd lvkjkm }bk dc}k) ej lpmkp }bc} jl
`kejd aedb} vpk~kj} Ucc }bk jl`ik ul{}b ikc~ejd }bk tlpim) cjm dlejd nlp}b ej}l }bk
bl{kik }c}k* Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tkj} }l }bk mkkp vcph Eevc}cjc*
C} }bc} }eak }bk @ikkm Ljk Xe*k* }bk @{mmbcQ) bc~ejd cpekj ej }bk jedb}) c} mctj tc
tcihejd {v cjm mltj ej }bk lvkj cep* Cjm }bk @ikkm Ljk ct Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b)
olaejd npla cncp* Cjm tbkj bk ct bea) bk ikn} }bk vicok tbkpk bk tc tcihejd) cjm c}mltj lj c kc} icem l{} "nlp bea%* Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) dc~k {}}kpcjok jkcp }bk
@ikkm Ljk }l }bc} likaj kroicac}elj7 Cic# Tbc} me}pk8 cic# Tbc} mcjdkp# Cjm
}bk @ikkm Ljk cem }l Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) Bkpk e jl me}pk) Ucc) bkpk e jlmcjdkp* Olak bkpk) Ucc) e} mltj8 E teii }kcob ul{ }bk ]p{}b "Mbcaac%*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 0 ln 30
Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tbkj bk bkcpm }bc} }bkpk tc jl me}pk) cjm }bc} }bkpk tcjl mcjdkp) `kocak dicm cjm glun{i8 cjm bk v{} lnn be dei} ievvkp) cjm tkj} lnn }l }bk
vicok tbkpk }bk @ikkm Ljk tc8 bc~ejd cvvplcobkm bea cjm bc~ejd pkvko}n{iiu ci{}km
}bk @ikkm Ljk) bk c} mltj jkcp bea* Tbkj Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b tc e}}ejd jkcp bea)
}bk @ikkm Ljk vpkcobkm }l bea ej m{k ol{pk7 }bc} e }l cu) bk }cihkm c`l{} }bk akpe}l`}cejkm `u cia!de~ejd) c`l{} }bk m{}ek ln alpcie}u) c`l{} bkc~kj) c`l{} }bk k~ei) }bk
~cje}u) cjm }bk ejn{ijk ln mkepk) cjm c`l{} }bk `ikejd ln }bk c`cjmljakj} lnmkepk*
Tbkj }bk @ikkm Ljk ct }bc} }bk aejm ln Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tc vpkvcpkm)eavpke`ik) npkk npla l`}coik "}l {jmkp}cjmejd }bk ]p{}b%) kic}km) cjm `kiek~ejd) }bkj
bk vpkcobkm tbc} e }bk vpejoevci mlo}pejk ln }bk @{mmbc) jcakiu) _{nnkpejd) ]bk Oc{k
ln {nnkpejd) }bk Okc}elj ln {nnkpejd) }bk Vc}b* G{} c c oikcj oil}b npkk npla `icoh
vkoh vplvkpiu }chk }bk muk) }b{ Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) k~kj tbeik e}}ejd }bkpk)l`}cejkm }bk v{pk cjm vl}ik Kuk ln }bk ]p{}b "}bc} e) }bk hjltikmdk%7 Tbc}lk~kp e
{`gko} }l }bk oljme}elj ln lpedejc}elj e {`gko} cil }bk oljme}elj ln okc}elj*
Jlt }bk al}bkp ln Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) bc~ejd dljk {v }l be vcicok) mem jl} kk Ucc)
}bk jl`ik ul{}b) cjm bk tkj} }l }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{k!blimkp "bkp b{`cjm%) cjm bc~ejd
cvvplcobkm bea) bk cem }l }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp7 Ul{p lj Ucc) L bl{kblimkp)bc mecvvkcpkm* ]bkj }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) kj} akkjdkp lj blpk!`coh }l }bk
nl{p s{cp}kp ln }bk blpewlj) cjm bk tkj} beakin }l }bk mkkp vcph Eevc}cjc* ]bkj }bk
sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) ct lj }bk dpl{jm }bk acph ln }bk dei} ievvkp) cjm tbkj bk ct
}bka) bk nliiltkm }bka {v*
Cjm }bk @ikkm Ljk ct }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) olaejd npla cncp* Lj kkejd bea)
bk }bl{db}7 Tbc} en E tkpk }l knnko} {ob cj krkpoek ln aepco{il{ vltkp) }bc} }bk sk}}be)}bk bl{kblimkp) e}}ejd bkpk) bl{im jl} kk Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tbl e e}}ejd bkpk
cil* Cjm }bk @ikkm Ljk knnko}km {ob cj krkpoek ln be aepco{il{ vltkp*
Cjm }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) tkj} }l }bk vicok tbkpk }bk @ikkm Ljk tc) bc~ejd
cvvplcobkm bea) bk cem }l }bk @ikkm Ljk7 Vpcu) Ilpm) bc }bk @ikkm Ljk kkj Ucc)
}bk jl`ik ul{}b
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ? ln 30
bl{im k} {v) Ilpm) tbc} bcm `kkj l~kp}{pjkm) lp bl{im pk~kci tbc} bcm `kkj bemmkj) lp
bl{im vlej} l{} }bk tcu }l ljk tbl bcm il} be tcu) lp bl{im `pejd c icav ej}l }bkmcphjk) ej lpmkp }bc} }blk tbl bcm kuk aedb} kk ~ee`ik }bejd) }b{ bc }bk @ikkm
Ljk vpkcobkm }bk mlo}pejk ej acju tcu* E }chk au pkn{dk) Ilpm) ej }bk @ikkm Ljk) cjm
ej }bk Mbcaac) cjm ej }bk npc}kpje}u ln @behhb{8 acu }bk @ikkm Ljk pkoke~k ak npla
}be mcu nlp}b tbeik au ienk ic} c c meoevik tbl bc }chkj be pkn{dk ej Bea*
]be tc }bk nep} vkplj ej }bk tlpim tbl `kocak c icu!meoevik `u }bk nlpa{ic ln }bkbliu }pecm*
Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tbeik ej}p{o}elj tc cmaeje}kpkm "`u }bk @{mmbc% }l benc}bkp) olj}kavic}km }bk }cdk ln hjltikmdk tbeob bk bcm kkj te}b be aejm cjm
{jmkp}llm8 cjm be aejm `kocak npkk npla c}}cobakj} }l }bk tlpim) cjm tc pkikckm
npla }bk Cc~c* ]bkj }bk @ikkm Ljk }bl{db}7 Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) tbeik ej}p{o}elj
tc cmaeje}kpkm }l be nc}bkp) bc olj}kavic}km }bk }cdk ln hjltikmdk tbeob bk bcmkkj te}b be aejm cjm {jmkp}llm8 cjm be aejm bc `kolak npkk npla c}}cobakj} }l }bk
tlpim* Cjm bc `kolak pkikckm npla }bk Cc~c* E} e eavle`ik }bc} Ucc) }bk jl`ikul{}b) bl{im pk}{pj }l }bk tlpim cjm kjglu vikc{pk) c bk mem `knlpk) tbkj bk ie~km ejbe bl{k* Tbc} en E tkpk jlt }l v{} cj kjm }l }bc} krkp}elj ln au aepco{il{ vltkp*
Cjm }bk @ikkm Ljk v{} cj kjm }l }bc} krkp}elj ln be aepco{il{ vltkp*
]bkj }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) ct Ucc }bk jl`ik ul{}b) e}}ejd }bkpk* Lj kkejd bea
bk cem }l Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b7 Au lj Ucc) ul{p al}bkp e c`lp`km ej icakj}c}elj
cjm dpekn8 pk}lpk ul{p al}bkp }l ienk*
]bkj Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) illhkm c} }bk @ikkm Ljk* Cjm }bk @ikkm Ljk cem }l }bk
sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp7 Tbc} ml ul{ }bejh }bkj) L bl{kblimkp< ]bc} Ucc bc "nep}%
tlj ljiu cj eavkpnko} mkdpkk ln hjltikmdk cjm ejedb} ej}l }bk ]p{}b) c ul{ bc~kul{pkin< Lp }bc} pc}bkp bk tc olj}kavic}ejd }bk }cdk ln hjltikmdk tbeob bk bcm kkj
te}b be aejm cjm {jmkp}llm8 cjm }bc} be aejm bc }b{ `kolak npkk npla }bk Cc~c7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk = ln 30
]bk @ikkm Ljk krvpkkm be oljkj} `u pkacejejd eikj}* ]bkj }bk sk}}be) }bkbl{kblimkp) tbkj bk {jmkp}llm }bc} }bk @ikkm Ljk bcm cookv}km be ej~e}c}elj) plk
npla be kc}) pkvko}n{iiu ci{}km }bk @ikkm Ljk) cjm vcejd pl{jm bea te}b be pedb}
emk }ltcpm bea) mkvcp}km }bkjok*
Cjm Ucc) }bk jl`ik ul{}b) llj cn}kp }bk sk}}be) }bk bl{kblimkp) tc dljk) cem }l }bk
@ikkm Ljk7 Ilpm) ik} ak pkoke~k }bk vc``cddc cjm {vccavcmc lpmejc}elj npla }bk@ikkm Ljk*
Olak) L @behhb{) cem }bk @ikkm Ljk) tkii }c{db} e }bk mlo}pejk8 ikcm c bliu ienk nlp}bk chk ln }bk olavik}k kr}ejo}elj ln {nnkpejd*
]b{ }be ~kjkpc`ik vkplj pkoke~km }bk [vccavcmc lpmejc}elj* C} }bc} }eak }bkpk tkpk
k~kj Cpcbc} ej }bk tlpim*
Kjm ln }bk }lpu ln Ucc vc``cddc*
V*?3> GCEJC ]KR]_
Kr}pco}km npla7 N* Acr A{iikp) km*)Gcejc _{}pcs) Vcp} EE) _copkm @llhs ln }bk Kcs} skpeks*
]pcjsic}km `u Bkpacjj Gcol`e* Lrnlpm7 Oicpkjmlj Vpkss) 352=*
[}}cpcmbucjc ;7 Mkc}b Cdcejs} Ljks Teii
Ej }be lokcj "ln ienk% teii e} o{ppkj} "~ew* `ep}b% menneo{i} }l opl) ljk acj bc pkcobkm}bk lvvle}k blpk8 ljk tek acj bc de~kj cj cjtkp }l }bk nliiltejd s{k}elj* "3%
]bkk }tl tcu ln ienk kjmejd te}b mkc}b bc~k `kkj mkoicpkm7 mkc}b te}b ljk teii) cjmmkc}b cdcej} ljk teii* "0%
Mkc}b cdcej} ljk teii e }bc} ln edjlpcj} akj) cjm e} bcvvkj "}l }bk cak ejme~em{ci%
acju }eak* Mkc}b te}b ljk teii e }bc} ln tek akj) cjm c} `k} e} bcvvkj `{} ljok*"?%
Acbc~epc bc "}b{% mkope`km }bk nep} hejm ej tbeob cj edjlpcj} acj) `kejd c}}cobkm }l
vikc{pk) mlk ~kpu op{ki co}elj* "=%
C acj c}}cobkm }l vikc{pk cjm ca{kakj} teii `k oc{db} ej }bk }pcv "ln mkoke}%* "Bk
}bejh%7 E jk~kp ct }bk jkr} tlpim) `{} E bc~k kkj te}b au ltj kuk }bk vikc{pk ln}be ienk* ";%
]bk vikc{pk ln }be ienk cpk "c e} tkpk% ej ul{p bcjm) `{} }bk n{}{pk ljk cpk {jokp}cej*
Tbl hjlt tbk}bkp }bkpk e c jkr} tlpim lp jl}
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk ; ln 30
]bk nlli `lc}7 E bcii bc~k }bk olavcju ln "al}% akj* @{} `u be il~k ln vikc{pk
cjm ca{kakj} bk teii olak }l dpekn* "4%
]bkj bk `kdej }l co} op{kiiu cdcej} al~c`ik cjm eaal~c`ik `kejd) cjm bk heii ie~ejd
`kejd te}b c v{pvlk lp te}bl{}* "2%
Cj edjlpcj} acj heii) iek) mkoke~k) oci{ajec}k) meka`ik) mpejh ies{lp) cjm kc}
akc}) }bejhejd }bc} }be e }bk pedb} }bejd }l ml* "5%
L~kp`kcpejd ej co} cjm tlpm) mkepl{ nlp tkci}b cjm tlakj) bk coo{a{ic}k ej ej
}tl tcu) g{} c c ul{jd jchk dc}bkp m{} "`l}b lj cjm ej e} `lmu%* "36%
]bkj bk {nnkp eii cjm e c}}cohkm `u mekck7 cjm bk e ej mpkcm ln }bk jkr} tlpim tbkj
bk pkniko} lj be mkkm* "33%
E bc~k bkcpm ln }bk vicok ej bkii) cjm ln }bk mk}ejc}elj ln }bk ejjkp) tbkpk }bk nlli
tbl ml op{ki mkkm teii {nnkp ~elikj}iu* "30%
]bkj dlejd }l }bk vicok tbkpk bk e }l `k `lpj cdcej coolpmejd }l be mkkm) bk nkki
pkalpk) c E bc~k bkcpm "npla au }kcobkp%* "3?%
C c obcpel}kkp) tbl cdcej} be `k}}kp g{mdakj} ikc~k }bk all}b bedbtcu cjm dk} lj c
p{ddkm plcm) pkvkj} tbkj }bk crik `pkch8 l }bk nlli) tbl }pcjdpkk }bk Ict cjm
ka`pcok {jpedb}kl{jk) pkvkj} ej }bk bl{p ln mkc}b) iehk "}bk obcpel}kkp% l~kp }bk
`plhkj crik* "3=3;%
]bkj tbkj mkc}b olak c} ic}) }bk nlli }pka`ik ej nkcp8 bk mek }bk mkc}b cdcej} ljk
teii) "bc~ejd il} be obcjok% iehk c dca`ikp ~cjs{ebkm `u Hcie* "3>%
]b{ bc `kkj krvicejkm }bk nlli mkc}b cdcej} ljk teii8 jlt bkcp npla ak }bk tek
akj mkc}b te}b ljk teii# "34%
N{ii ln vkcok cjm te}bl{} ejg{pu }l cju ljk e) c E bc~k bkcpm "npla au }kcobkp%) }bk
mkc}b ln }bk ~ep}{l{ tbl olj}pli }bkaki~k cjm {`m{k }bkep kjk* "32%
"_{ob c mkc}b% mlk jl} ncii }l }bk il} ln k~kpu aljh) jlp ln k~kpu bl{kblimkp8 nlp }bk
alpcie}u ln bl{kblimkp e ln ~cpel{ obcpco}kp) cjm }bc} ln aljh e jl} citcu dllm
}bpl{dbl{}* "35%
_lak bl{kblimkp cpk {vkpelp }l lak aljh ej kin!olj}pli8 `{} }bk cej} cpk {vkpelp
}l cii bl{kblimkp ej kin!olj}pli* "06%
@cph cjm hej "ln c dlc}%) jchkmjk) }te}km bcep) `cimjk}bkk "l{}tcpm }lhkj% teii
jl} c~k c ejn{i cok}eo* "03%
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk > ln 30
C ejjkp) }bl{db bk `k c akjmeocj} "npecp%) teii jl} kocvk bkii8 `{} c vel{ acj) tbk}bkp
aljh lp bl{kblimkp) cokjm }l bkc~kj* "00%
C nce}bn{i acj bl{im vpco}ek }bk p{ik ln oljm{o} nlp bl{kblimkp8 bk bl{im jk~kp
jkdiko} }bk Vlcbc nc} ej `l}b nlp}jedb}) jl} k~kj nlp c ejdik jedb}* "0?%
Tbkj {jmkp {ob meoeviejk bk ie~k vel{iu k~kj c c bl{kblimkp) bk teii) lj s{e}}ejd
nikb cjm `ljk) bcpk }bk tlpim ln }bk Uchbc* "0=%
Jlt c pk}pcejkm aljh teii `kolak ljk ln }bk }tl7 ke}bkp ljk npkk npla cii aekpu lp c
dlm ln dpkc} vltkp* "0;%
]l }bk bedbk} pkdelj) ej m{k lpmkp) }l }blk tbkpk }bkpk e jl mki{elj) cjm }l }blk
tbeob cpk n{ii ln iedb}) tbkpk }bk dilpel{ "dlm mtkii%tbl bc~k iljd ienk) dpkc} vltkp)
dpkc} i{}pk) tbl ocj obcjdk }bkep bcvk c} teii) tbl cpk `kc{}en{i c lj }bkep nep} mcu)cjm bc~k }bk `peiiecjou ln acju {j}l {ob vicok dl }blk tbl cpk }pcejkm ej kin!
olj}pli cjm vkjcjok) aljh lp bl{kblimkp) tbl bc~k l`}cejkm ie`kpc}elj `u c`kjok lnvcelj* "0>02%
Bc~ejd bkcpm "}be% npla }bk ~kjkpc`ik akj tbl olj}pli }bkaki~k cjm {`m{k }bkep
kjk) }bk ~ep}{l{ cjm }bk ikcpjkm ml jl} }pka`ik ej }bk bl{p ln mkc}b* "05%
C tek acj bc~ejd tkedbkm "`l}b hejm ln mkc}b% cjm oblkj }bk `k}}kp ljk "}c{db} ej%
}bk Ict ln Olavcelj) teii `kolak ocia }bpl{db vc}ekjok) te}b cj {jme}{p`km aejm
"c} }bk }eak ln mkc}b%* "?6%
Tbkj }bk pedb} }eak "}l vpkvcpk nlp mkc}b% bc cppe~km) c nce}bn{i "aljh% bl{im ej }bk
vpkkjok "ln be }kcobkp% {vvpk cii kal}elj "ln nkcp lp glu% cjm tce} nlp }bkmeli{}elj ln be `lmu* "?3%
Tbkj }bk }eak nlp s{e}}ejd }bk `lmu bc olak) c cdk mek }bk mkc}b te}b ljk teii)coolpmejd }l ljk ln }bk }bpkk ak}blm* "?0%
]b{ E cu*
[}}cpcmbucucjc 0;7 ]bk Bl{skikss Aljh
Ikcpj npla ak) te}b c}}kj}e~k aejm) }bk plcm bltj `u }bk tek ljk) tbeob ikcm caljh tbl nliilt e}) }l }bk kjm ln cii aekpu* "3%
De~ejd {v }bk ienk ej c bl{k) cjm }chejd Vpc~pcduc) c cdk bl{im hjlt cjm pkjl{jok}blk c}}cobakj} tbeob }chk blim ln akj* "0%
C pk}pcejkm aljh bl{im c`}cej npla heiiejd) iuejd) }kciejd) ocpjci ej}kpol{pk) nplamkepk) il~k cjm dpkkm* "?%
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 30
K~kj ej be }bl{db} c aljh bl{im jl} iljd nlp c vikccj}) vcej}km bl{k neiikm te}b }bk
npcdpcjok ln dcpicjm cjm npcjhejokjk) ko{pkm `u mllp) cjm mkolpc}km te}b c tbe}kokeiejd!oil}b* "=%
Nlp ej {ob c mtkiiejd c aljh teii nejm e} menneo{i} }l vpk~kj} be kjk npla ejopkckm
mkepk cjm vcelj* ";%
Bk bl{im `k olj}kj} }l ie~k lj c `{peci!vicok) ej c mkkp}km bl{k) `kilt c }pkk) ejlie}{mk) lp ej c vicok tbeob bcm `kkj vpkvcpkm nlp }bk chk ln lak`lmu kik* ">%
C tkii!olj}pliikm aljh bl{im ie~k ej c v{pk vicok) tbeob e jl} }ll a{ob opltmkm) cjmtbkpk jl tlakj ie~k* "4%
Bk bl{im jl} `{eim c bl{k) jlp oc{k l}bkp }l kpko} ljk8 nlp acju ie~ejd `kejd `l}b
al~c`ik cjm eaal~c`ik) `l}b {`}eik cjm dpl) cpk kkj }l `k heiikm tbkj c bl{k e`kejd `{ei}8 }bkpknlpk c aljh bl{im c`}cej npla `{eimejd c bl{k* "25%
]bk cak blim dllm te}b }bk ollhejd ln nllm cjm mpejh) lp te}b ljk oc{ejd }bka }l`k ollhkm* L{} ln olavcelj nlp ie~ejd `kejd ljk bl{im jl} ollh jlp oc{k cjl}bkp }l
ollh* "36%
@kejd tbeob ie~k ej tc}kp) olpj) lp ej kcp}b cjm tllm) cpk mk}plukm ej nllm cjm mpejh8
}bkpknlpk c aljh bl{im oc{k jl`lmu }l ollh* "33%
]bkpk e jl}bejd l mcjdkpl{ c nepk) nlp e} vpkcm ej cii mepko}elj cjm e c`ik }l mk}pluacju `kejd8 ljk bl{im }bkpknlpk jl} iedb} c nepk* "30%
K~kj ej be }bl{db} c aljh bl{im jl} iljd nlp dlim cjm ei~kp8 ejmennkpkj} ciehk }l mep}cjm dlim bk c`}cej npla `{uejd cjm kiiejd* "3?%
En bk `{u) bk `kolak c `{ukp8 en bk kii) bk `kolak c akpobcj}8 c aljh e jl} }lkjdcdk ej `{uejd cjm kiiejd* "3=%
C aljh tbl e }l ie~k lj cia) bl{im `kd cjm jl} `{u8 `{uejd cjm kiiejd e c dpkc} ej8
`{} }l ie~k lj cia e `kjkne}}ejd* "3;%
Bk bl{im oliiko} be cia ej acii vcp} coolpmejd }l }bk _{}pc cjm l c }l c~lem nc{i}8
c aljh bl{im olj}kj}kmiu dl lj be `kddejd!}l{p) tbk}bkp bk dk} cia lp jl}* "3>%
C dpkc} cdk bl{im jl} kc} nlp }bk chk ln }bk vikccj} }c}k "ln }bk nllm% `{} nlp }bk
{}kjcjok ln ienk) `kejd jl} mcej}u jlp kcdkp nlp dllm ncpk) pk}pcejejd be }ljd{k) cjm`kejd te}bl{} o{veme}u* "34%
K~kj ej be }bl{db} bk bl{im jl} mkepk }l `k vpkkj}km te}b niltkp) }l `k lnnkpkm ckc}) }l `k kils{kj}iu dpkk}km) lp }l `k lnnkpkm vpkkj}) lp }l dk} c acdjeneokj} tkiolak
cjm }pkc}akj}* "32%
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 2 ln 30
Bk bl{im akme}c}k lj }p{k }bejd ljiu) olaae}}ejd jl ej cjm bc~ejd jl vplvkp}u8 bkbl{im tcih c`l{} ocpkik ln be `lmu }eii be kjm cppe~k* "35%
Pkgko}ejd nllm tbkj }bk }eak ln be mkc}b cppe~k) cjm ikc~ejd }bk b{acj `lmu) bk olak
be ltj ac}kp) cjm e ie`kpc}km npla aekpu* "06%
Te}bl{} vplvkp}u) te}bl{} kdlea) npkk npla vcelj cjm }bk Cpc~c) bk l`}cejc`li{}k hjltikmdk) cjm pkcobk k}kpjci `kc}e}{mk* "03%
]b{ E cu*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 5 ln 30
N[P]BKP PK_L[POK_
VBL]LDPCVB_
]BK VEVPCBCTC _][VC
C@L^K7
DKJKPCI
^EKT LN ]BK
_][VC)
IKN]7@PEOH
_]P[O][PK
LN ]BK _][VC
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 36 ln 30
KROC^C]ELJ_ EJ VPLDPK__
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 33 ln 30
O[JJEJDBCA_ _HK]OB LN ]BK P[EJ_ C] _CPJC]B
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp >7 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 30 ln 30
S[K_]ELJ_ CJM E__[K_ ]L ]BEJH C@L[]
C be}lpu ln cjoekj} Ejmec npla vpkbe}lpu }l }bk 30}b okj}{pu dkjkpc}k b{jmpkm ln
s{k}elj* De~kj `kilt cpk lak s{k}elj ln ~cpekm olavikre}u cjm mk}cei* ]bkk ocj `k
{km c c `ce nlp tpe}ejd kcu) oic meo{elj) lp c e{k }l }bejh c`l{}*
3* Tbc} cpk }bk be}lpeoci eavieoc}elj ln }bk mk`c}k lj }bk mc}k ln }bk @{mmbc* ]bk bev tbeob npks{kj} }bkk vlp} cpk ln c icpdk ewk) lj cool{j} ln }bk dpkc}
cal{j} cjm `{ihejk ln }bk vkvvkp cjm `k}ki ln tbeob }bkep icmejd olje}* ]bk eavlp}bkpk cpk vpejoevciiu dpkc} s{cj}e}ek ln vkoek8 "}lvcw
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 33 ln 0?
eicjm tbeob e }chkj ej }bk eicjm tbeob iek lnn }bk olc} ln Ieaupehk* ]bk vplvkp
kclj }l k} cei npla Kduv} nlp }be vcp} ln Ejmec e c`l{} }bk alj}b ln G{iu) }bc} e)Kvevbe*
;4* ]bk tblik pl{jm ln }bk ~lucdk npla Ocjc cjm K{mckalj Cpc`ec) tbeob tk bc~k g{}
mkope`km) {km }l `k vkpnlpakm ej acii ~kki tbeob hkv} oilk }l blpk cjm nliiltkme} tejmejd) `{} Bevvci{ tc }bk veil} tbl nep}) `u l`kp~ejd }bk `kcpejd ln }bk vlp}
cjm }bk oljned{pc}elj ln }bk kc) meol~kpkm }bk mepko} ol{pk copl }bk lokcj* Nlp) c} }bkcak }eak tbkj l{p ltj K}kecj tejm cpk `iltejd) c vkpelmeoci tejm npla }bk lokcj
iehktek `ilt ej }bk Ejmecj _kc) cjm }be tejm) tbeob e }bk l{}b!tk}) e) e} kka)
ociikm ej }bkk kc Bevvci{ cn}kp }bk jcak ln }bk veil} tbl nep} meol~kpkm }bk vccdk`u akcj ln e}* Npla }bk }eak ln }be meol~kpu }l }bk vpkkj} mcu) akpobcj} tbl cei nlp
Ejmec ke}bkp npla Ocjc) lp c l}bkp ml) npla Cplac}c) en Ieaupehk `k }bkep mk}ejc}elj)
"a{} ln}kj obcjdk }bkep }coh%) `{} en }bku cpk `l{jm nlp @cpudcwc cjm _ou}bec) }bku cpk
jl} pk}cpmkm nlp alpk }bcj }bpkk mcu) cn}kp tbeob) olaae}}ejd }bkaki~k }l }bkaljllj tbeob `ilt pedb} ej }bk mepko}elj ln }bkep ol{pk) }bku }cjm ncp l{} }l kc)
ikc~ejd cii }bk d{in tk bc~k akj}eljkm ej }bk me}cjok*
_lak Mljc}e~k Ejsopev}eljs npla _cjobe _}{vc Jl* 3
NplaKvedpcvbec Ejmeoc) ^li 0) 325=
]bk den} ln Mbcacse~c "Mbcpace~c%) slj ln Hkhckuchc "Hcehckuchc%*
]bk den} ln Mbcacdepehcs "Mbcpacdepehcs% al}bkp*
]bk den} ln ^ege}c) slj!ej!ict ln Hkhckuchc "Hcehckuchc%*
]bk den} ln }bk aljh Hmc "Hjmc%*
]bk den} ln }bk aljh Cuc!Vcscjchc "}bk ~kjkpc`ik Vpcscjjchc%*
]bk den} ln }bk j{j Cobci) npla Jcmejcdcpc "Jcjmejcdcpc%*
]bk den} ln }bk aljh H`lgc "Ha`lgc% npla Jcmejcdcpc "Jcjmejcdcpc%*
]bk den} ln _lcmk~ "_{~cpcmk~ lp ljcmk~%) tenk ln _ebcpchbe}c "_eabcpchsbe}c%*
]bk den} ln Cpcbcd{}c "Cpbcmd{}c%) ejbc`e}cj} ln _scm*
]bk den} ln _{`bcdc) ejbc`e}cj} ln H{pcdbcpc "H{pcpcdebc%*
]bk den} ln ^{mej "^u{mp%) c nkacik icu!mesoevik*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 30 ln 0?
]bk akcs{pejd!s}cnn ln }bk Me~ejk ljk "@{mmbc) }bk den}% ln Hhc "e*k* vpl`c`iuhhej)}bk ie}iik oplt%*
]bk den} ln ^kscacjcmc}c "^cespc~cjcmc}}c%) mc{db}kp!ej!ict ln Vc}ebeuc"Vpc}esbbe}bc%) c dcbcvc}e npla ]{`c~cjc "]{a`c~cjc%*
]bk den} ln }bk dcbcvc}e Vc}ebeuc "Vpc}esbbe}bc% npla ]{`c~cjc "]{a`c~cjc%*
]bk den} `l}b ln Jmc~{ "Jcjmu{
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3? ln 0?
HC[_BCA@E VL]]KPU
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3= ln 0?
_O[IV][PK_ C] _CJOBE
@LMBE ]PKK)_UA@LIEWEJD ]BK @[MMBC_ KJIEDB]KJAKJ]
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3; ln 0?
]LV7 DC]KTCU _O[IV][PK_8 C@L^K IKN]7
MK]CEI LN KC_]KPJ DC]KTCU8PEDB]7ACUC
LP DCGC!ICH_BAE)TK_]KPJ DC]KTCU
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 3> ln 0?
@BCPB[] _O[IV][PK_ LJ PCEIEJD AKMCIIELJ_
]LV IKN]7TLP_BEV LN ]BK @LMBE ]PKK LN ^E_C@B[) ]BK ]BEPM ACJ[_BE @[MMBC8
]LV PEDB]7TLP_BEV LN ]BK @LMBE ]PKK LN ^EVC_EJ) ]BK NEP_] ACJ[_BE @[MMBC
C@L^K IKN]7TLP_BEV LN ]BK @LMBE ]PKK LN HCJCHCA[JE) ]BK NEN]B ACJ[_BE
@[MMBC8C@L^K PEDB]7TLP_BEV LN ]BK @LMBE ]PKK LN HC_BUCVC) ]BK _ER]B
ACJ[_BE @[MMBC
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 34 ln 0?
JCDCPG[JCHLJMC _O[IV][PK_
]LV IKN]7_[MMBLMCJC BKCP_
]BK JKT_ LN _EMMBCP]BC_
MKVCP][PK NPLA OBCJMC8]LV
PEDB]7]BK NEP_] _KPALJ EJ
MKKP VCPH8C@L^K IKN]7HEJD
HCVEJC_ OLJ^KP_ELJC@L^K7
_OU]BECJNED[PK8IKN]7
OC_]EJD
LN ]BK BLPL_OLVK
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 32 ln 0?
AE]B[JC NED[PK_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 35 ln 0?
CACPC^C]E _O[IV][PK_
C@L^K7]BK ]PCJ_VLP]C]ELJ LN _EMMBCP]BC_ BKCMMPK__8
@KILT IKN]7ACUC_ @C]B8@KILT PEDB]7TLP_BEV LN ]BK @[MMBC_ NLL]VPEJ]_
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 06 ln 0?
IKN]7_]LJK BKCM_)HC[_BCA@E8C@L^K7
]KPPCOL]C ICAV8@KILT IKN]7H[_BCJC
_]LJK IELJ)AC]B[PC8@KILT PEDB]7
NPCDAKJ] LN EJ_OPE@KM CJM_O[IV]KM
_]LJK PCEIEJD)CIICBC@CM
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 03 ln 0?
]LV PEDB] CJM IKN]7PKM _CJM_]LJK BKCM)_CPJC]B8C@L^K PEDB] CJM IKN]7
_]CAVKM CJM EJOE_KM VL] _BKPM_)V[PCJC SEIC
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 27 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 00 ln 0?
S[K_]ELJ_ CJM E__[K_ ]L ]BEJH C@L[]
C be}lpu ln cjoekj} Ejmec npla vpkbe}lpu }l }bk 30}b okj}{pu dkjkpc}k b{jmpkm ln
s{k}elj* De~kj `kilt cpk lak s{k}elj ln ~cpekm olavikre}u cjm mk}cei* ]bkk ocj `k{km c c `ce nlp tpe}ejd kcu) oic meo{elj) lp c e{k }l }bejh c`l{}*
3* _{aacpewk }bk a{i}e!meakjeljci eavlp}cjok ln }bk vkpelm o* 066 @OK?66 OK*
0* Meo{ }bk }bkak) vc}plj cjm c{mekjok ln _cjdca vlk}pu*
?* Blt ml kcpiu ]caei ie}kpc}{pk cjm }bk ]caei@pcbae ejopev}elj pkniko} }bk
loeci cjm vlie}eoci }pcjnlpac}elj ej kcpiu be}lpeo _l{}b Ejmec*% Npla }bka tcs `lpj }bk dilpel{s Mbcpacvic) tblsk cobek~kakj}s cpk vpceskm `u}bk dllm) c acs}kp ln hejds tbl ciljk es p{iejd }bk cj}epk lp` ln }bk kcp}b8 tblsk vpldpksstbkj bk es c`l{} }bk olj{kp }bk {cp}kps cii cpl{jm) }bk nl{p lokcjs) acphkm `u }bknll}vpej}s ln }bk cppcus ln bes kikvbcj}s }bc} `c}bk lj }bkep sblpks) vc}ekj}iu vkpae}) `kejdjl iljdkp nlssks ln }bk kcp}b*
"^* 4*% Tbkj) te}b bes vljmkpl{s cpau acpobejd te}b {j`l{jmkm dikk) bk vplokkms }lolj{kp }bk pkdeljs) cjm tbkj }bk kcp}b }bkpk`u siemks mltj cs en }bk al{j}cejs lj e}
tkpk acpobejd) sbc b{ppekmiu nliilts bea) citcus krco}iu `kjkc}b bea) te}b bes cpaspceskm }l s{vvlp} }bk oepoik ln bes bkcms) b{p} `u }bk gktkis }bc} sejh ej}l }bka) `kj} mltj`u }bk tkedb}*
"^* 2*% Tbkj) lj bes sk}}ejd nlp}b) }bk tblik shu es ol~kpkm te}b }bk acssks ln m{s}) ocs}{v `u }bk s}cavejd ln bes acpobejd cpau) cjm }bk kcp}b }bkpk`u es pkm{okm }l c aej{}ksewk) }bkj) lj cool{j} ln e}s iedb} tkedb}) }bk oepoik ln }bk bllms ln }bk skpvkj}!hejdsvpejds {v) te}b }bk gktkis) }bc} bcm s{jh ej}l }bka) pkcvvkcpejd*
"^* 5*% ]bk nepk ln bes tpc}b) s}eppkm {v tbkj bk nejms beaskin lvvlskm) iehk }bk s{`acpejk
nepk) `icwks {v {jokcsejdiu) obkohkm "ljiu% `u }bk nl{p lokcjs*
"^* 36*% Mksepl{s) cs e} tkpk) ln skkejd oliiko}km }ldk}bkp ej ljk vicok s{ob hejds ln limcs Vpe}b{) Pac) }bk mksokjmcj} ln Pcdb{) cjm Jcic) }bk Opkc}lp ej }bes Hcie!cdk sk} {v}bk dilpel{s Mbcpacvic) tbl bcs b{a`ikm }bk dpkc} oljoke} ln cii p{ikps) cs c aedb}uvls} }l tbeob }l ncs}kj }bc} kikvbcj}}bk neohik dlmmkss ln nlp}{jk*
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C Bes}lpu ln Cjoekj} cjm Kcpiu Akmek~ci Ejmec `u [vejmkp _ejdb
Obcv}kp 367 _}{mkj} pksl{poks
Vcdk 4 ln 04
"^* 33*% Nlp }blsk cpaeks ln bes)jl} skkejd c} ljok blt icpdk }bku cpk) `koc{sk }bk }kjpkdeljs cpk tbe}kjkm `u }bk m{s} ln }bkep ~cj!d{cpm) }bk dpkc} Ejmpc) cnpcem ln tbc} aedb}bcvvkj }l }bk cpaeks ln Ajmb}e krbc{s}s beaskin ej oljgko}{pks)nlp }bka k~kj)}bpeiikm cs }bku cpk te}b kcdkpjkss }l nedb}) }bkpk es jl obcjok ln pkjmkpejd csses}cjok }lbes cpas) tbeob "ciljk% cjjebeic}k }bk tblik bls} ln bes cm~kpscpeks*
"^* 30*% Te}b c sedj ln bes dpcokn{iiu al~km kuk!`plts bk ejs}ciikm }bk eii{s}pel{s hejd lnHcjuch{`gc) tbl pkcmeiu tcs cookv}km `u }bk @bgc) Ac}suc) Acmpc) H{p{) Ucm{)Uc~cjc) C~cj}e) Dcjmbpc cjm Hepc hejds) `ltejd mltj pksvko}n{iiu te}b }bkep mecmkas}pka`iejd) cjm nlp tbla bes ltj dlimkj olpljc}elj gcp tcs ien}km {v `u }bk mkiedb}kmkimkps ln Vcobic*
"^* 3?*% Bkcpejd bes vpcesks s{jd `u }bk oltbkpms lj }bk `lpmkps) `u }bk nlpks}kps ej }bknlpks}s) `u }bk ~eiicdkps lj }bk l{}shep}s ln ~eiicdks) `u }bk viuejd dpl{vs ln obeimpkj ejk~kpu ol{p}ucpm) ej k~kpu acphk} `u }bk d{cpmecjs ln }bk tkedb}) cjm ej vikcs{pk!bl{sks`u }bk vcppl}s ej }bk ocdks) bk citcus `csbn{iiu }{pjs csemk cjm `lts mltj bes ncok*
"Iejk 0;*% Jltnpla bes pluci ocav ln ~eo}lpu) ve}obkm c} Vciev{}pc) tbkpk }bkacjenlim nikk}s ln `lc}s vplokkmejd lj }bk vc}b ln }bk @bdpc}bachk e} skka cs en cskpel{s ln al{j}cej!}lvs bcm `kkj s{jh }l `{eim cjl}bkp oc{sktcu "nlp Pacs vcsscdk%8tbkpk) }bk `pedb}jkss ln mcuiedb} `kejd mcphkjkm `u mkjskiu vcohkm cppcus ln p{}}ejdkikvbcj}s) }bk pceju skcslj "te}b e}s acssks ln `icoh oil{ms% aedb} `k }chkj oljs}cj}iu }lvpk~cei8 tbkpk }bk nepacakj} es pkjmkpkm dpku `u }bk m{s}) m{d {v `u }bk bcpm bllns ln{jieae}km }pllvs ln blpsks vpkskj}km `u acju hejds ln }bk jlp}b8 cjm tbkpk }bk kcp}b es`kjmejd `kjkc}b }bk tkedb} ln }bk ejj{akpc`ik nll}!slimekps ln cii }bk hejds lnGcam~vc) csska`ikm }l pkjmkp blacdk }l }bkep s{vpkak ilpm8}bk mk~l{} tlpsbevvkp
ln _{dccs) }bk Vcpca~cpc Vcpcac`bcpchc Acbpgmbepgc) }bk dilpel{sMbc