A Heterogeneous Network Management Approach to A Heterogeneous Network Management Approach to Wireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare EnvironmentsWireless Sensor Networks in Healthcare Environments

Karla Felix NavarroKarla Felix NavarroSupervisors:Supervisors:

Don Martin (Faculty of Science)Don Martin (Faculty of Science)Elaine Lawrence (FIT)Elaine Lawrence (FIT)

MotivationMotivationContribute to the Convergence Process of The Analogue Contribute to the Convergence Process of The Analogue (Human Beings/Environment) and Digital Networks: (Human Beings/Environment) and Digital Networks:

Ubiquitous ComputingUbiquitous ComputingContext AwarenessContext AwarenessSmart ApplicationsSmart ApplicationsTelepresenceTelepresenceMobile NetworksMobile NetworksImage ProcessingImage ProcessingAffective ComputingAffective ComputingSpeech analysis and RecognitionSpeech analysis and RecognitionWearable ComputingWearable Computing

…Wireless Sensor Networks & …Wireless Sensor Networks & Brain Computer InterfacesBrain Computer Interfaces

Why a Network Management Approach for Why a Network Management Approach for WSN Applications?WSN Applications?

Numerous “Managed” DevicesNumerous “Managed” DevicesVast Amount of Data from the monitoring of the Vast Amount of Data from the monitoring of the Environment and PeopleEnvironment and People

Management of this Data becomes one of the main issuesManagement of this Data becomes one of the main issuesContinuous monitoring Continuous monitoring --> “Always ON” > “Always ON” --> Aware> AwareSelfSelf--Healing whenever possibleHealing whenever possibleSecure Secure –– AAA (Authentication, Authorization and AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting)Accounting)ReliableReliableDiverse Nature of the Information Diverse Nature of the Information --> Different Sensors> Different SensorsData CollectionData CollectionInterpretation of the InformationInterpretation of the InformationPresentation of the processed DataPresentation of the processed DataReactive Reactive --> Proactive > Proactive --> Smart System> Smart System

Objectives of researchObjectives of researchDesign a heterogeneous WSN management model based on a Design a heterogeneous WSN management model based on a number of NM modelsnumber of NM modelsApply this WSN model to the development of wireless sensor Apply this WSN model to the development of wireless sensor networks applications.networks applications.To demonstrate that such model facilitates the development of WSTo demonstrate that such model facilitates the development of WSN N applications of similar nature such as Health Care applicationsapplications of similar nature such as Health Care applications

could assist in the care of aged or disabled personscould assist in the care of aged or disabled personsTo utilize commodity based equipment as far as possibleTo utilize commodity based equipment as far as possible

Wireless sensor networks with accelerometers, barometers, light,Wireless sensor networks with accelerometers, barometers, light,humidity, temperature, microphones humidity, temperature, microphones

Variety of interfaces such as a BCI developed by faculty of Variety of interfaces such as a BCI developed by faculty of science, science, PDAsPDAs, Mobile phones, cameras, Mobile phones, camerasNetwork management software such as MRTGNetwork management software such as MRTG

To make the system context awareTo make the system context awareTo make the system easy to use and maintainTo make the system easy to use and maintainTo allow for remote monitoring of aged or disabled personsTo allow for remote monitoring of aged or disabled persons

Problem Domain Problem Domain –– WSN Technical IssuesWSN Technical Issues

Lack of adequate network models to model evolving Lack of adequate network models to model evolving heterogeneous networksheterogeneous networksLack of network management models for Lack of network management models for WSNsWSNsWSNsWSNs are new are new –– early technology stage early technology stage ––difficult to difficult to implement in the real world at the momentimplement in the real world at the momentIssues of ease of useIssues of ease of useCompatibility with other devicesCompatibility with other devicesShort battery life Short battery life Degrading the environmentDegrading the environmentMaintenance of huge number of devices Maintenance of huge number of devices Number of different interfaces that need to be interacting Number of different interfaces that need to be interacting with the with the WSNsWSNs including BCIs, including BCIs, PDAsPDAs, laptops, phones, laptops, phones

Problem Domain Problem Domain –– Health Domain IssuesHealth Domain Issues

Lack of specific medical sensors for MotesLack of specific medical sensors for MotesPrivacy issuesPrivacy issuesLegal issuesLegal issuesAuthentication Authentication Security issuesSecurity issuesDisabled people or aged people Disabled people or aged people –– can they cope can they cope with these devices if they go wrongwith these devices if they go wrongVariety of Interfaces Variety of Interfaces –– are they suitable for are they suitable for disabled or aged persons disabled or aged persons

Network Management ChallengesNetwork Management ChallengesLack of specific Network Management Models for WSNLack of specific Network Management Models for WSNAnalyze the Applicability of the existing Network Management Analyze the Applicability of the existing Network Management Models to WSN applicationsModels to WSN applications

1.1. OSI Network Management Functional Model OSI Network Management Functional Model 1.1. Configuration managementConfiguration management2.2. Fault managementFault management3.3. Performance managementPerformance management4.4. Performance managementPerformance management5.5. Security management Security management

2. Telecommunications Management Networks3. OMNIPoint theory4. IT Infrastructure Library5. DUneT Management Model

Protocol Specific Protocol Specific NetManNetMan ApplicationsApplicationsUnidirectional Nature of Unidirectional Nature of NetManNetMan Models and ApplicationsModels and ApplicationsRevised Revised NetManNetMan Model for WSN applicationsModel for WSN applications

Goals of the researchGoals of the researchTo devise a network management model that will be To devise a network management model that will be suitable for suitable for WSNsWSNs in the healthcare environmentin the healthcare environmentTo devise a structured way to manage WSN applications To devise a structured way to manage WSN applications in the healthcare arena to be used with various interfaces in the healthcare arena to be used with various interfaces --> BCI interfaces, > BCI interfaces, PDAsPDAs, mobile phones, cameras etc, mobile phones, cameras etcPicture of the Picture of the WSNsWSNs –– interacting with a series of interacting with a series of interfaces interfaces –– series of scenarios depending on the health series of scenarios depending on the health status of the person.status of the person.Severely disabled Case Scenario Severely disabled Case Scenario –– BCI and motes in the BCI and motes in the kitchen and curtains for examplekitchen and curtains for exampleBedridden Bedridden –– can use a PDA or press a key on a laptopcan use a PDA or press a key on a laptopMobile person Mobile person –– mobile phone to interact once he has mobile phone to interact once he has received data from the motes. (camera) received data from the motes. (camera)

Why address these objectives/goals?Why address these objectives/goals?To act as a catalyst in the development of WSN To act as a catalyst in the development of WSN applications by applying and adapting existing knowledge in applications by applying and adapting existing knowledge in the the NetManNetMan domain area.domain area.Growing healthcare crisis for aged and disabled peopleGrowing healthcare crisis for aged and disabled peopleReduce health costs e.g. via remote monitoring and use of Reduce health costs e.g. via remote monitoring and use of commodity based equipmentcommodity based equipmentImprove quality of life for disabled and aged personsImprove quality of life for disabled and aged personsTo progress the development of easy interfaces and To progress the development of easy interfaces and applications for applications for WSNsWSNsEnsure that data captured from Ensure that data captured from WSNsWSNs is efficiently stored is efficiently stored and managed particularly as such huge amounts of data and managed particularly as such huge amounts of data are captured are captured

How I have addressed these objectives?How I have addressed these objectives?

Conducted extensive literature reviews and devised Conducted extensive literature reviews and devised classification frameworks for classification frameworks for

BCIs BCIs –– 2 models 2 models –– conclusionsconclusionsWireless Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor Networks -- MotesMotes

Identified Network Management models and tools Identified Network Management models and tools that could be used for that could be used for WSNsWSNs in Health applications in Health applications Demonstrated proof of concept Demonstrated proof of concept -- developed two developed two prototypes using a network management tool prototypes using a network management tool (MRTG) and Motes with (MRTG) and Motes with PDAsPDAs and Laptops.and Laptops.9 publications 9 publications –– have resulted from this researchhave resulted from this research

Model OverviewModel Overview

WSN System Prototype WSN System Prototype ––MonitoringMonitoring

Controlling the EnvironmentControlling the Environment

TestbedTestbed Set upSet up

Remote Monitoring Graphs Remote Monitoring Graphs

PublicationsPublications[1] "Investigation of the Potential of Motes in the Mobile Enter[1] "Investigation of the Potential of Motes in the Mobile Enterprise" prise" Proceedings of the Third Proceedings of the Third international Conference on Mobile Business, Minternational Conference on Mobile Business, M--Business New York, 2004.Business New York, 2004.[2] “[2] “Macroscopic Sensor Networks: Application Issues in the HealthcarMacroscopic Sensor Networks: Application Issues in the Healthcare Industry” acceptede Industry” accepted for for presentation at the CSITeA’04, Third International Conference onpresentation at the CSITeA’04, Third International Conference on Computer Science, Software Computer Science, Software Engineering, Information Technology, EEngineering, Information Technology, E--Business, and Applications Egypt 2004.Business, and Applications Egypt 2004.[3][3]““Using Multi Router Traffic Using Multi Router Traffic GrapherGrapher (MRTG) for Body Area Network (BAN) Surveillance”, (MRTG) for Body Area Network (BAN) Surveillance”, Paper Paper accepted for presentation at the 4th WSEAS International Confereaccepted for presentation at the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and nce on Applied Informatics and Communications 2004.Communications 2004.[4] “Wearable, Wireless Brain Computer Interfaces In Augmented R[4] “Wearable, Wireless Brain Computer Interfaces In Augmented Reality Environments”eality Environments”Proceedings of the International Conference on Information TechnProceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing, ology: Coding and Computing, ITCC 2004, IEEE Sponsored.ITCC 2004, IEEE Sponsored.[5][5] ““Applicability of Social Weight Theory to Brain Computer InterfacApplicability of Social Weight Theory to Brain Computer Interfaces” es” Paper submitted to the 4th Paper submitted to the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and CommunWSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications 2004.ications 2004.[6] "Converging our Sensorial and Digital Networks in Education"[6] "Converging our Sensorial and Digital Networks in Education" Proceedings of the Proceedings of the TheThe 6th World 6th World MultiMulti--Conference on Conference on SystemicsSystemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI 2002., Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI 2002.[7] “Using thought to interact with future augmented spaces” T[7] “Using thought to interact with future augmented spaces” The 3rd UKhe 3rd UK--UbiNetUbiNet Workshop: Workshop: Designing, evaluating and using ubiquitous computing systemsDesigning, evaluating and using ubiquitous computing systems, 9, 9--11 February 2005, University of 11 February 2005, University of Bath Bath http://www.bath.ac.uk/comphttp://www.bath.ac.uk/comp--sci/hci/uksci/hci/uk--ubinet.htmlubinet.html..[8] “Wireless Remote Healthcare Monitoring with Motes" paper acc[8] “Wireless Remote Healthcare Monitoring with Motes" paper accepted for publication for the epted for publication for the mBusiness2005 conference.mBusiness2005 conference.[9] [9] ““Visual Visual CategorizationCategorization of of BrainBrain ComputerComputer Interfaces Interfaces SystemSystem ClassificationClassification”” paperpaper aceptedacepted for for presentation at the presentation at the TheThe 9th World Multi9th World Multi--Conference on Conference on SystemicsSystemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI , Cybernetics and Informatics, SCI 2002.2002.

Journal Paper awaiting review:Journal Paper awaiting review:[10] [10] ““A survey of Brain Computer Interface Designs" Journal article wrA survey of Brain Computer Interface Designs" Journal article written in collaboration with itten in collaboration with Mason S., Birch G. et al from the Neil Squire Institute in B.C. Mason S., Birch G. et al from the Neil Squire Institute in B.C. CanadaCanada

Expected resultsExpected resultsDevelopment of a revised heterogeneous model Development of a revised heterogeneous model for WSN applicationsfor WSN applicationsDemonstration of an all purpose bidirectional Demonstration of an all purpose bidirectional system to help monitoring environment to assist system to help monitoring environment to assist the care of aged and disabled persons.the care of aged and disabled persons.To improve the quality of life of the aged and To improve the quality of life of the aged and disabled peopledisabled peopleMake life “easier” for everyoneMake life “easier” for everyoneMake healthcare more affordableMake healthcare more affordableBridge the gap between what Bridge the gap between what WSNsWSNs promise promise and what is actually achievableand what is actually achievable

Progress thus farProgress thus farNumber of publicationsNumber of publicationsProof of Concept Proof of Concept ––

First Stage: Applicability of existing First Stage: Applicability of existing NetManNetMan technologies to the technologies to the development of WSN Applications.development of WSN Applications.

Two working prototypesTwo working prototypesAnalysis of suitability of use of Brain Computer Analysis of suitability of use of Brain Computer Interfaces in WSN ApplicationsInterfaces in WSN ApplicationsTechnical Advances:Technical Advances:

RF RF --> > WiFiWiFi --> Internet (Remote Monitoring)> Internet (Remote Monitoring)Latest Latest StargateStargate Board which allows for Board which allows for WiFiWiFi and USB and USB connectivity plus a camera. connectivity plus a camera. Ordered more sensors so that we can develop more complex Ordered more sensors so that we can develop more complex system for our third working prototype with more sensors as system for our third working prototype with more sensors as proof of concept.proof of concept.

ConclusionConclusionWSNsWSNs are a developing area of key research are a developing area of key research interest but with many challenges aheadinterest but with many challenges aheadUse of BCIs has been fraught with difficulties for the Use of BCIs has been fraught with difficulties for the user (Error Rates, Mobility issues, Hard to use, user (Error Rates, Mobility issues, Hard to use, Social Weight, etc.)Social Weight, etc.)Decided to use the BCI as just one specific interface Decided to use the BCI as just one specific interface in the health arena for the severely disabled.in the health arena for the severely disabled.Early Stages of WSN and BCI Technologies Early Stages of WSN and BCI Technologies --> Lack of Standards and Technical Difficulties> Lack of Standards and Technical Difficulties--> Fast Paced Changing Environment> Fast Paced Changing Environment

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