The energy deposition profile for 238U ions with energies 500 and 950 MeV/u in iron and copper.
A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor...
Transcript of A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor...
![Page 1: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Halloween Talk
![Page 2: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
My Profile
ITP 10/2018
Scimeter.org
![Page 3: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Contents
◼ Intro: neutrino masses and oscillations
◼ Detecting neutrinos: What do we know aboutneutrino-nucleon interactions?
◼ Long baseline experiments
◼ Where does nuclear physics come in?
◼ SummaryITP 10/2018
![Page 4: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Building blocks of matter
ITP 10/2018
Textbook Knowledge (~ 2000): Neutrinos are massless and only lefthanded
![Page 5: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Neutrino Sources
1. Cosmic Neutrinos, energies up to multi TeV
2. Atmospheric neutrinos from decay of pions, muons produced in the upperatmosphere by cosmic rays, energies ~ 100 MeV – 10 GeV
3. Accelerator produced neutrinos, energies: 100 MeV – 100 GeV
4. Solar electron neutrinos from thermonuclear fusion,energies ~ up to 10 MeV, flux on earth: 1010/(cm2 sec)
5. Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 – 3 MeV
6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV
ITP 10/2018
![Page 6: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Neutrinos are different!
ITP 10/2018
Textbooks until ~ 2000: neutrinos are massless
?
![Page 7: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Solar Neutrino Puzzle (SNP)
◼ Solar Neutrino Puzzle:thermonuclear processes in the sun produce lots ofelectron neutrinos (energies: a few Mev), but only~½ of them are detected on earth.
◼ Where is the rest?
ITP 10/2018
![Page 8: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Neutrinos Oscillate: 2 Flavors
ITP 10/2018
Dm2 = ma2 – mb
2, P indepdent of sign of Dm2
![Page 9: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Neutrino Oscillate: 2 Flavors
ITP 10/2018
◼ 2-Flavor Oscillation (electron appearance probability)
Know: L, need En to determine Dm2= mne2 – mnm
2,
◼ Even more interesting:3-Flavor Oscillation allows for CP violatingphase dCP→matter/antimatter puzzle
![Page 10: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Neutrino Oscillate: 3 Flavors
ITP 10/2018
U : Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix
breaks CP invariance
![Page 11: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Neutrino Oscillate: 3 Flavors
ITP 10/2018
Vacuumoscillation
Matter effects,ne = electron densityDepends on sign of D31
appearance probability
Oscillation depends on difference of (squared) masses only
Sign D dependence connected with dCP
![Page 12: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Neutrinos in Matter
ITP 10/2018
NC for all neutrino flavors
CC ony for electron neutrinos
CC leads to a forward-scattering amplitude only for electron neutrinos→ Potential: V = Sqrt(2) * GF * En*ne only for e-neutrinos
Matter contains only electrons!
![Page 13: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Neutrinos in Matter
ITP 10/2018
Electron neutrinos comingfrom high densities to lowones can end up as muonneutrinos
Potential for electron neutrino causes mass shift in medium:Level Crossing:
MSW Effect
![Page 14: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SNP Solution: Neutrinos have mass
◼ Super-Kamiokande compares atmospheric m neutrinos fromabove (~ 10 km) and below (~ 12.000 km): see clear deficit in the latter→ oscillation
◼ SNO uses detector filled with D2O, measuresne + d -> e- + p + p (CC, only e-neutrinos) n + d -> n + p + n (NC, all neutrinos)Ratio test directly oscillation hypothesis, solves solar neutrinopuzzle by density effect.
◼ ➔ Physics Nobel Prize 2015 (Kajita, McDonald)ITP 10/2018
![Page 15: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What can(not) be measuredwith solar, atmospheric, reactor neutrinos?
◼ Atmospheric: mu -> tau neutrino oscillation(Kamiokande)
◼ Solar: electron -> mu neutrino, density effect (SNO)
◼ Reactor: e antineutrino disappearance, oscillation
ITP 10/2018
![Page 16: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What do we (not) know?
ITP 10/2018
Normal hierachy inverted hierarchy
Compare with
![Page 17: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Open Problems (2018)
1. Is the CP violating phase /= 0 ?
2. What are the masses? What is the massordering?
3. Are Neutrinos Majorana or Dirac particles?
4. Where are the right-handed neutrinos?
ITP 10/2018
![Page 18: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
LHC Experiments
◼ Beam composition perfectly known
◼ Beam energy known to about 0.01%
◼ Beam diameter ~ 1 micrometer at source
◼ Beamline ~ 27 km (LHC circumference)
◼ Beam diameter at detector ~ 1 micrometer
◼ Cross sections ~ 40 pb
◼ From all of this:no physics beyond the standard model
ITP 10/2018
![Page 19: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
◼ Beam composition not fully known
◼ Beam energy badly known
◼ Beam diameter ~ 0.5 m at source
◼ Beamline ~ 300 – 1000 km
◼ Beam diameter ~ km m at detector
◼ Cross sections ~ 10-5 pb
◼ Only a small part of the final state known
◼ From all of this:
extract physics beyond the standard model!
ITP 10/2018
The Impossible Experiment
![Page 20: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ongoing Long Baseline Experiments
◼ T2K (Japan), L ~ 300 km, E ~ 0.7 GeV
◼ NOvA (USA), L ~ 800 km, E ~ 2 GeV
◼ Planned: DUNE (~ 2027), L = 1300 km, E ~ 3.5 GeV
ITP 10/2018
![Page 21: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Neutrino Source
◼
ITP 10/2018
CBM Physics
Neutrino beams are broad in energy!
![Page 22: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Long Baseline Experiment
ITP 10/2018
![Page 23: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Long Baseline ExperimentsM
. Wascko
ITP 10/2018
Nona
![Page 24: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
DUNE (= Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment)
ITP 10/2018
Beam: 700 kW, 60-120 GeV, 5 years n + 5 years anti-non-axis, wide band, upgradable to 2.3 MWBaseline: 1300 km FNAL to Homestake
![Page 25: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DUNE
ITP 10/2018
![Page 26: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
T2K Neutrino Beam
ITP 10/2018
![Page 27: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Oscillations and Neutrino Energy
ITP 10/2018
PROBLEM:Neutrinos are produced as secondarydecay products of high-energy pAcollisions, x-sections from hadronproduction experiments such asNA61/SHINE or HARP
➔ They have broad energydistributionsDifference to any other high-energyand nuclear physics experiment!LHC: DE / E ~ 0.1 %
![Page 28: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What is (not) measured in a LBL exp?
◼ LBL experiments measure only flux-averaged cross sections
◼ The neutrino energy is not measured
◼ Oscillation Patterns as function of neutrino energy must bereconstructed➔ needs nuclear theory and modeling
◼ Experiments require few % accuracy
ITP 10/2018
![Page 29: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Oscillation Signals as F(En)
ITP 10/2018
DUNE, 1300 km HyperK (T2K) 295 km
From:Diwan et al,Ann. Rev.Nucl. Part. Sci 66 (2016)
Energies have to be known within 100 MeV (DUNE) or 50 MeV (T2K)Ratios of event rates to about 10%
![Page 30: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Problem: Neutrino Energy
◼ The incoming neutrino energy on the abscissa of all such plotsis not known, but must be reconstructed; very different fromNuclear Physics and High Energy Physics where the beam energy is accurately known.
◼ The reconstruction has to start from an only partiallyobserved final state (detector limitations!) and proceeds fromthere ‚backwards‘ to the initial state.
ITP 10/2018
![Page 31: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Energy Reconstruction
◼ Oscillation analysis requires neutrino energy
◼ Energy reconstruction1. Calorimetric: measures energy of all outgoing particles,
needs simulation of thresholds and non-measured events
2. Through QE: needs event identification
ITP 10/2018
![Page 32: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Energy Reconstruction by QE
◼ In QE scattering on nucleon at rest, only l +p, no p:outgoing lepton determines neutrino energy
◼ Trouble: all presently running exps use nuclear targets
1. Nucleons are Fermi-moving
2. Final state interactions may hinder correct event identificationITP 10/2018
![Page 33: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Final State Interactionsin Nuclear Targets
ITP 10/2018
Nuclear Targets (K2K, MiniBooNE, T2K, MINOS, Minerva, ….)
„stuck pion event“
Complication to identify QE, always entangled with p production
![Page 34: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Deterioation of QE Signal
ITP 10/2018
QE-like:in Cerenkov counternucleons not seen,0 pions required
P. Coloma, P. Huber,arxiv 1307.1203
![Page 35: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Generators
◼ Generators are needed for this ‚backwards calculation‘
◼ The accuracy of the energy reconstruction and thus the precision ofany neutrino mixing parameters depends crucially on the precision ofthese generators
◼ Generators must be an integral part of any experiment
◼ Generators must be able to handle:
◼ the extended target size complications
◼ the primary neutrino-nucleus interaction
◼ the final state interactions
ITP 10/2018
![Page 36: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
◼ All targets in long-baseline experiments are nuclei: C, O, Ar, Fe
◼ Cross sections on the nucleus:◼ QE + final state interactions (fsi)
◼ Resonance-Pion Production + fsi
◼ Deep Inelastic Scattering→ Pions + fsi
◼ Additional cross section on the nucleus:◼ Many-body effects, e.g., 2p-2h excitations
◼ Coherent neutrino scattering and coh. pion production
Neutrino Cross Sections: Nucleus
ITP 10/2018
![Page 37: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ITP 10/2018
Low-EnergyNuclear Physicsdetermines responseof nuclei to neutrinos
A wake-up call for the high-energy physics community:
![Page 38: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
◼ GiBUU : Quantum-Kinetic Theory and Event Generator
based on a BM solution of Kadanoff-Baym equations
◼ GiBUU propagates phase-space distributions, not particles
◼ Physics content and details of implementation in:Buss et al, Phys. Rept. 512 (2012) 1- 124
◼ Code from gibuu.hepforge.org, new version GiBUU 2017Details in Gallmeister et al, Phys.Rev. C94 (2016) no.3, 035502
ITP 10/2018
![Page 39: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
GiBUU describes: (within the same unified theory and code)
heavy ion reactions, particle production and flow
pion and proton induced reactions on nuclei
photon and electron induced reactions on nuclei
neutrino induced reactions on nuclei
using the same physics input! And the same code!
NO TUNING!
ITP 10/2018
![Page 40: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Theoretical Basis of GiBUU
◼ Kadanoff-Baym equation (1960s)○ full equation not (yet) feasible for real world problems
◼ Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) models: GiBUU○ Boltzmann equation as gradient expansion of Kadanoff-Baym
equations, in Botermans-Malfliet representation (1990s)
◼ Cascade models(typical event generators, GENIE, NEUT, NuWro, …)
○ no mean-fields, primary interactions and FSI not consistent,reweighting of different interaction types, ….
ITP 10/2018
Sim
plic
ity
Corr
ect
nes
s
![Page 41: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Quantum-kinetic Transport Theory
ITP 10/2018
Describes time-evolution of F(x,p)
Phase space distribution
Spectral function
H containsmean-fieldpotentials
Off-shell transport termOn-shell drift term Collision term
KB equations with BM offshell term
![Page 42: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Neutrino-Nucleon Cross Section
ITP 10/2018
pCCQE 1p DIS
note:10-38 cm² = 10-11 mb
In the region of modern experiments (0.5 – 10 GeV)all 3 mechanisms overlap
![Page 43: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Quasielastic Scattering
▪ Vector form factors from e –scattering
▪ axial form factors
FA FP and FA(0) via PCAC
dipole ansatz for FA with
MA= 1 GeV:
W, Z
ITP 10/2018
![Page 44: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
◼ neutrino data agree with electro-pion production data
Axial Formfactor of the Nucleon
ITP 10/2018
MA ≅ 1.02 GeV world average MA ≅ 1.07 GeV world average
Dipole ansatz is simplification, not good for vector FF
![Page 45: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Pion Production
◼ 13 resonances with W < 2 GeV, non-resonant single-pion background, DIS
◼ pion production dominated by P33(1232) resonance:
◼ CV(Q2) from electron data (MAID analysis with CVC)
◼ CA(Q2) from fit to neutrino data (experiments on hydrogen/deuterium), so far only CA
5 determined, for other axial FFs only educated guesses
ITP 10/2018
![Page 46: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Pion Production
ITP 10/2018
10 % error in C5A(0)
discrepancy between elementary data sets→impossible to determine 3 axial formfactors
data: PRD 25, 1161 (1982), PRD 34, 2554 (1986)
![Page 47: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
2p-2p excitations and spectral functions
ITP 10/2018
Cutkoskycut
holeselfenergy
S
Spectral Function
2nd ampl. squared Interference term squared
Vertex correctionNot contained in spectral function
No selfenergy,Vertex correction,not included in spectralfunction
![Page 48: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
T2K Inclusive Cross Section
ITP 10/2018
Dolan et al,arXiv:1804.09488
Poster:S. Dolan et alWednesday, #104
Target: CH
![Page 49: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
T2K ND280 Pi+
ITP 10/2018
H2O target
Mosel, Gallmeister,
Phys.Rev. C96 (2017) no.1, 015503
![Page 50: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Pion Production on LAr
ITP 10/2018
ArgoNeutarXiv:1804.10294
Antineutrinos
Excellent agreement ofGiBUU with Ar dataNO Tune
![Page 51: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
SIS - DIS
ITP 10/2018
Shallow Inelastic Scattering,interplay of different reaction mechanisms→ Ambiguity to switch
![Page 52: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Oscillationand Energy Reconstruction
ITP 10/2018
![Page 53: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
GiBUU is Nature
◼ GiBUU is used to simulate nature:generate events with known, true energy
◼ Analyze these events with exp. methods,obtain reconstructed energy for each event
◼ Compare event rates as functions of true andreconstructed energies
ITP 10/2018
![Page 54: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Migration Matrix for C and MB flux
ITP 10/2018
Distributionsfor 0 pion events!
![Page 55: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Oscillation signal in T2Knµ disappearance
ITP 10/2018
GiBUU Martini
![Page 56: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Sensitivity of oscillation parameters tonuclear model
ITP 10/2018
P. Coloma, P. Huber,arXiv:1307.1243, July 2013
Analysis based on GiBUU
T2K
truereconstructedfrom naive QE dynamics
![Page 57: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Oscillation signal in T2K dCP sensitivity of appearance exps
ITP 10/2018
Uncertainties due to energy reconstructionas large as dCP dependence
![Page 58: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Extraction of Oscillation Parameters
ITP 10/2018
Ankowski et al,
Phys.Rev. D92 (2015) 091301
Oscill parameters in dependence on % of true missing energy for DUNE
![Page 59: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Summary I
◼ Energy reconstruction is essential for precision determination ofneutrino oscillation parameters (and nu-hadron cross sections)
◼ Neutrino energy must be known withinabout 50 (T2K) or 100 (DUNE) MeV
◼ Nuclear effects complicate the energy reconstruction
◼ Need state-of-the-art generators for reconstruction, withpredictive power and no artificial degrees of freedom
ITP 10/2018
![Page 60: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Summary II
◼ Precision era of neutrino physics requires more sophisticated generators and a dedicated joint effort in nuclear theory and generator development
◼ This joint effort has to be funded as integral part of experiments
◼ Transport Theory has to find its way into neutrino generators!
ITP 10/2018
![Page 61: A Halloween Talk - uni-giessen.de › fbz › fb07 › fachgebiete › ... · Reactor (anti-)neutrinos from fission, energies ~ 2 –3 MeV 6. Geo-Neutrinos, energies a few MeV ITP](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070813/5f0c1e9b7e708231d433d5e0/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
GiBUU◼ Essential References:
1. Buss et al, Phys. Rept. 512 (2012) 1contains both the theory and the practical implementation of transport theory
2. Gallmeister et al., Phys.Rev. C94 (2016), 035502contains the latest changes in GiBUU2016
3. Mosel, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 66 (2016) 171short review, contains some discussion of generators
◼ The work reported here was done in collaboration with Kai Gallmeister and Olga Lalakulich
ITP 10/2018