A Guide to using the Chicago Referencing Style - Chicago...The footnote at the bottom of the same...

A Guide to using the Chicago

Referencing Style

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Student Seminar - Chicago © 2015 University of Kurdistan Hewlêr

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Introduction

When to use citations

What are citations and why you must use them

Chicago citations general formatting

Author-Date style

Humanities style

Bibliography


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When to use citations

When you:

Quote directly

Refer to a specific detail in a text (for example, a specific theory or idea,

an illustration, a table, a set of statistics)

Paraphrase or summarise a text within your assignment, paper or

dissertation



What is a Chicago Citation

A Chicago citation is a combination of three parts:

A numbered reference on the page

The footnote at the bottom of the same page

The linked entry in the bibliography section at the end of your work

Through them you acknowledge the relevance of the material you have used for

your research. The bibliography entry by itself is not a citation.

Student Seminar - Chicago © 2015 University of Kurdistan Hewlêr.

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Why you must always cite

You acknowledge all sources used in your work to show that:

You are intellectually honest and haven’t plagiarised any material used

Your sources are of quality and value, and that they support and enhance

the debate in your work



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Chicago Citation

General formatting should include:

1-inch margins all around

The first page of actual text is page 1. Page numbers should be in upper right corners (½ inch from the top and 1 inch from the right)

Everything except footnotes double-spaced (including block quotes)

Block quotes for passages of 100 words/8 lines or more, for passages that are being compared, and for 2 or more lines of poetry. Indent them. Block quotes are not enclosed in quotation marks

Left justification; the left margin should be even while the right margin is ragged

Footnotes using the word processor’s function

The first line of each entry is flush left; indent run-over lines

12-point font size



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Chicago Citation

There are two Chicago formatting options:

Author-Date

Humanities

What remains the same across both formatting options are:

The in text entry - always use a superscript number “³” on the page in the text. Relating it to the note at the foot of the same page

The need to recheck all superscript references after any editing changes to ensure consistency

The editor/translator is always cited after the author with “ed.” or ”trans.”



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Chicago Citation

What remains the same across both formatting options are:

Indent usage in the bibliographic entry - after the first line use the indent of a 0.5

inch on all subsequent lines in the record entry

The requirement for full bibliographic information in the footnote and at the end of your paper in the bibliography when making first record of use. If you reuse the same material later in your paper be aware that:

A note number should never appear out of order and the same footnote number can not be reused, a new one is required

If the citation is on the same page as the previous reference then “Ibid.” can be used. If it is from a different page, use ibid + page number, e.g.” Ibid p. 56”



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Bibliography

Author-Date option

33.Stead, Alan. Information Rights in

Practice. 2008. London: Facet Publishing.

Humanities option

33.Stead, Alan. Information Rights in Practice.

London: Facet Publishing, (2008).

Example

….the key word in this section is ‘actionable‘. 33 There has to be a probability

of legal action against the authority, and also a probability of that action being

successful.

33. Alan Stead, Information Rights in

Practice (London: Facet Publishing, 2008),113.

45. Ibid.,113.



This format is favoured by scholars from the natural and social

sciences. Elements to always be included are:

the author name - to be written as on the title page. Where

multiple authors; the first author’s name should be written

with last name first. For four to ten authors, write out all

names in the bibliography but use just the first author’s

name and “et al.” in the notes

publication date - use the following order: month, day, year

listed (where known)

the title - only the first word and proper nouns within the title

should have capitals. Highlight it in a different type or

embolden – but use same style for every entry

indent usage:

on the page in the paper where material is being

referenced. Each numbered reference at the bottom of the

page should be indented 0.5 inches

Chicago: Author-Date style



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Chicago: Author-Date style examples

1. Christopher Bartley, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (London: Continuum,

2011), 5.

2. Bartley, Indian Philosophy, 7.

Bibliography:

Bartley, Christopher. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. London:

Continuum, 2011.

1. Sarah Moore et al., The Ultimate Study Skills Handbook (Maidenhead:

Open University Press, 2010), 15.

2. Moore et al., Ultimate Study Skills, 20.

Bibliography:

Moore Sarah, Colin Neville, Maura Murphy, and Cornelia Connolly. The Ultimate

Study Skills Handbook . Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2010.



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Chicago: Humanities style

This format is favoured by scholars from literature, history and the arts. Elements to

always include are:

The author name (same as in author-date format) - to be written as on the title

page. Where multiple authors; the first author’s name should be written with last

name first followed by the forename(s). For four to ten authors, write out all

names in the bibliography but use just the first author’s name and “et al.” in the

notes

The publication date - use the following order: month, day, year (where known)

and use sentence like capitalisation

The title of books/chapters/articles with sentence like capitalisation - only the

first word and proper nouns within the title should have capitals. For periodical

titles capitalise headline-style. Use quotation marks at the start and finish of each

title



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Chicago: Humanities style example

A Union soldier, Jacob Thompson, claimed to have seen Forrest order

the killing, but when asked to describe the six-foot-two “a little bit of a

man.”12

12. Brian Steel Wills, A Battle from the Start: The Life of Nathan

Bedford Forrest (New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 187.

Bibliography:

Wills, Brian Steel. A Battle from the Start: The

Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest. New York:

HarperCollins, 1992.



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Bibliographic content - What do you think

should be included?

Author(s), editor(s) or organisation. Use initials for first and middle names. Use

“and” and not the ampersand (&) for multiple authors. For four to ten authors,

write out all names in the bibliography but use just the first author’s name and

“et al.” in the notes

Title and subtitle (if any) – first letter of word at start and end of title in upper case, except for conjunctions (i.e. is, at, in unless used as first or last word in a title). Use italic type for larger works and Roman and enclosed quotation marks for articles, chapters and short works

Place of publication/presentation

Publisher name in full where available and as an acronym where not available



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Bibliographic content - What do you think

should be included?

Full date of publication if known; or year. If an online sources date is unknown use date of accessing the publication and if a printed work does not have a date use “n.d.”

Page(s) and volume(s) of journal, magazine, online book, or conference paper

Website/database address and date of search if applicable. Digital object identifiers (DOI i.e. http://doi.org/10.1000/182)) preferred. Stable URLs can be used if the DOI is not available (i.e. http://www.jstor.org/stable/463522 )



http://doi.org/10.1000/182

http://www.jstor.org/stable/463522

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Examples - from a range of different formats

Goldstein, Martin. “How to Use Commas.” How to Use Punctuation. Last

modified November 15, 2009. http://www.terry/punctuation.edu.Footnote

Smith, Bob. “Commas.” Journal of Writing Skills 7, no. 3 (2000): 25-26.

Smith, Bob, Lynn Jones, and Joe Barr. Writing Essays. Flin Flon,

Manchester: University Press, 2000.

Summers, Gillian. “How to Cite a Database.” The Journal of Writing

Online 54, no. 3 (2003): 43-50. Ebscohost.



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Finally some Chicago - Bibliographic

do’s & don’ts

The material source list at the end of your paper should be headed “Bibliography”, followed by two blank lines before the first reference entry is made

One blank line should be left between each bibliographic reference

All entries should be in alphabetical order

The 3-em dash should be used to replace authors or editors names who hold multiple

successive entries in a bibliography. Such as:

Foucault, Michel. 1984a. “The Means of Correct Training.” In

The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul Rabinow, 188-205. New York: Pantheon.

-. 1984b. “Panopticism.” In The Foucault Reader, edited by Paul

Rabinow, 206-13. New York: Pantheon.

Publishers names should be written out in detail

Remember when and how to use indents in the paper and in the bibliography



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Referencing tools available - External

Here are three examples of referencing tools available via the internet:

https://www.citethisforme.com/

http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/

http://www1.uwe.ac.uk/students/studysupport/studyskills/referencing/referencingtools.aspx



https://www.citethisforme.com/

http://www.neilstoolbox.com/bibliography-creator/

http://www1.uwe.ac.uk/students/studysupport/studyskills/referencing/referencingtools.aspx

http://www.ukh.ac/

Referencing tools available - Internal

There is also an internal tool available via Word 2013 on the UKH system. Go to:

‘Word ‘and click on the top label ‘References’

Change the style to the one you are using for this piece of work

Use the other three elements of this section to correctly add your source list to your paper in the referencing style of choice



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Still Confused?

Look at the following websites:

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/

http://www.citationmachine.net/chicago

University of Kurdistan Hewlêr at http://www.ukh.edu.krd/library and open at the Citation and Referencing section to find the citation topic within



https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/

http://www.citationmachine.net/chicago

http://www.ukh.edu.krd/library

http://www.ukh.ac/

I will take your questions now. Thank

you for taking this seminar



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