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A Guide to Composting Horse Manure

by Jessica Paige, WSU Cooperative Extension, Whatcom County

The Benefits of CompostingHow to Make Compost HappenComposting Methods

Compost Troubleshooting GuideHow to Know When Compost is Ready for UseWhat to Do With Your Finished CompostReferencesBin Designs

f you've been stockpiling your manure in a single pile for as long as you can remember,you may have found that if you dig into the middle of the pile, you'll find something thatresembles dirt more than it does manure. If this is the case, at least some of your manurehas already gone through the decomposition, or composting, process. Manure that hasbeen left uncovered in large, spread out piles will eventually compost. However, thisversion of composting often creates unpleasant odors because there is not enough airreaching the inside of the pile. These piles also rarely reach high enough temperatures tokill parasites, fly larvae, weed seeds, and pathogens. The following information oncomposting will help you learn how to compost all of your manure, instead of what's justn the middle, speed up the process dramatically, and help heat manure up toemperatures that will kill parasites, fly larvae, weed seeds, and pathogens.

The Benefits of Composting

Horse Health

Reduce flies. A well-managed compost pile will reach temperatures high enoughto kill fly eggs and larvae in manure. By reducing the amount of uncompostedmanure you have, you'll also reduce breeding grounds for flies.

Kill parasites and pathogens. The high temperatures achieved throughcomposting also kill worms and pathogens (organisms such as bacteria, viruses,fungi, and protozoa that are capable of producing an infection or disease). This isespecially important if you are spreading your manure in the same fields yourhorses graze in or on vegetable gardens.

Convenience and Aesthetics

Reduce odors. A well-managed compost pile will be free of the odors oftenassociated with an uncomposted manure pile.

Cut your pile in half . Composting reduces bulk and has 40 to 60 percent lessvolume and weight than uncomposted manure. That means you can reduce theamount of your manure pile by about 50 percent by composting!

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Kill weed seeds. The high temperatures achieved through composting will killmost weed seeds.

Improve marketability. Compost is much more marketable than uncompostedmanure and is often used by topsoil companies, landscapers, nurseries, andorganic farmers. You may be able to sell your compost and actually make moneyout of that mountain of manure!

Even out grazing patterns. Horses grazing in pastures spread with composted

manure (instead of fresh manure) are more likely to graze normally and are lesslikely to restrict grazing to areas with the thinnest application rates.

Healthy Soil

Improve aeration and water retention. Adding compost to soil builds goodsoil structure and texture, increasing the amount of air that can infiltrate and theamount of water it can hold. Adding compost to heavy clay soil loosens thepacked soil by opening up pore spaces that, like little tunnels, carry air andwater down into the soil. Sandy soils, which tend to let water drain away too

rapidly, are also improved with the addition of compost. The fine particles areunited into larger ones that can hold a greater amount of water-100 pounds of compost can hold about 195 pounds of water! By increasing the soil's moisture-holding capacity, compost also helps control erosion that would otherwise washtopsoil away.

Supply nutrients. When fresh manure is spread on a field, about 50 percent of the nitrogen is in a highly soluble form and will be washed out by rain when it isspread on a pasture. In compost, however, 95 to 97 percent of nitrogen hasbeen converted to a much more stable form and will be slowly released, allowingplants to use it over a longer period of time. Compost doles out nutrients slowly

when plants are small and at greater rates as soil temperatures warm up and themajor growth period begins. (Soil microorganisms that release the nutrients fromcompost work harder as temperatures increase.) The benefits of adding compostwill also last for more than one season. Composted manure releases about 50percent of its nutrients in the first season and a decreasing percentage in thefollowing years. This means that with constant additions of compost, the reservesof plant nutrients in the soil are being built up to the point where, for severalseasons, little fertilizer of any kind may be needed.

Bacteria, earthworms, and pH. Compost also supports essential soil bacteria;feeds earthworms and allows them to multiply; and gradually changes soil pH

levels that are either too low (acidic) or too high (alkaline).

The Environment

Protect water quality. Because the composting process converts nitrogen into aless soluble form, it is less likely to be washed out of manure and into groundwater and surface water. Excessive amounts of nitrate in drinking water cancause health problems such as blue baby syndrome and may be linked to cancerand birth defects. Recent samplings of wells in northern Whatcom County havefound nitrate levels above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's safe

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drinking water standards.

Protect fish and shellfish. When rain falls on soil rich with compost, raindropsseep into it. When rain falls on packed soil rain runs off the surface, creatingerosion and carrying soil particles to nearby waterways. Sediment can smothertrout and salmon eggs and make water cloudy, making it more difficult for fish tofind insects to eat. Raw manure also contains fecal coliform bacteria which iscommonly used to measure contamination of water from human or animal waste.The coliform bacteria may not necessarily produce disease, but can indicate thepresence of other bacteria that may cause infections, hepatitis, and otherillnesses. When coliform bacteria is found in the water around shellfish growingareas, it often leads to shellfish bed closures. Composting kills most of thesecoliform bacteria as well as viruses and parasites that may be a concern tohuman health.

Conserve our natural resources. Using compost instead of chemical fertilizerscan reduce our use of non-renewable resources like natural gas. Approximatelytwo percent of the natural gas consumed in the United States goes into themanufacturing of nitrogen fertilizer.

How to Make Compost Happen

Whatcom County Agriculture Page | Whatcom County Home Page | Whatcom County Home Composting Page

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A Guide to Composting Horse Manure

by Jessica Paige, WSU Cooperative Extension, Whatcom County

Back to Benefits of Composting

How to Make Compost Happen

There are several key factors in having a successful compost pile and how well youmanage each one will have an effect on how quickly your manure composts.

Managing A ir and Temperature

Build the optimum pile size. To achieve high enough composting temperaturesto kill parasites, bacteria, and weed seeds, a pile must be at least three feethigh. Otherwise, the heat generated in the initial stages will quickly dissipatebefore the pile can reach high enough temperatures. For best heating, try for apile five to seven feet square on the bottom rising to three or four feet high.

Maintain airflow through the pile. After a pile is formed, keeping air in thepile is critical to prevent odors, achieve high temperatures, and to complete thecomposting process in a relatively short amount of time. If you have a tractor,turning the pile at regular intervals, especially during the first few weeks afterbuilding the pile, will speed up the decomposition process considerably. Ingeneral, the more often you are able to turn the pile, the faster it willdecompose. Turning will not only help allow air to reach all areas of the pile, itwill also ensure that material on the outside of the pile is turned to the centerwhere it can be subject to high temperatures where pathogens, fly larvae, andweed seeds are destroyed.

If you are not able to turn the pile with a tractor, you can insert a couple of five-foot PVC pipes into the center of the pile like chimneys. Use a drill to put someholes into the pipes-approximately a half inch in diameter at six-inch intervals.

Another method of achieving airflow through the pile is the aerated static pilemethod described later in the Composting Methods section.

Monitor temperature. Temperature is an important indicator of how well themanure pile is composting. You can buy a long-stemmed compost thermometerat local nurseries or home and garden stores to monitor your compost piles. Most

compost piles begin at a lower temperature range (about 50°F-110°F) thenincrease to the higher temperature range (110°F-160°F) and then gradually dropto ambient air temperatures over a period of several weeks. These hightemperatures are necessary to speed up the rate of decomposition and to killweed seeds and diseases. At least several days of temperatures between 135°Fand 150°F are recommended. You also want to avoid overheating the pile,overheating can immobilize many of the beneficial organisms needed fordecomposition. If you find your pile is reaching temperatures above 160°F, youmay want to try reducing the size of your pile. Low outside temperatures duringthe winter months slow the decomposition process while warmer temperatures

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speed it up. On average, a well-managed pile can be composted in one or twomonths in the summer and three to six months in the winter.

Managing Moisture

Unsuccessful attempts at composting often result from a failure to maintain the propermoisture conditions. If there is too much water in the pile, the water will occupy the porespaces needed for air to flow through the pile. Too much water also makes the pile heavy

ncreasing settling and compaction. When there is not adequate air in the pile it can leado odors, slow the decomposition process, and make high temperatures impossible toachieve. On the other hand, too little moisture causes composting organisms to dry outwhich also prevents the pile from heating up.

Use the squeeze test. Take a handful of material from the interior of the pile(not just the outer shell) and give it a squeeze. A handful of material should feeldamp like a wrung-out sponge, not dripping wet. If you pick up a handful of material and it drips without being squeezed, it is too wet. If the materialappears dry and crumbles after squeezing, it is too dry. If the material retains itsclumped shape after squeezing without releasing excess water and your hand is

damp, then it is just right for composting.

Cover your pile(s) . During our rainy season it is easy for an uncovered compostpile to become too soggy, inhibiting airflow. The end result is often a foul-smelling pile that is very slow to compost. Covering your compost pile allows youto regulate the amount of water and will speed up the process by not letting itget too wet in the winter or too dry in the summer. It's much easier to add waterthan it is to remove it. Covering your compost pile also limits fly breeding andkeeps rain from washing nutrients out of the pile. Using a tarp is one of theeasiest ways to cover a compost pile. Stapling or nailing a board across the frontof the tarp can make it easier to pull the tarp forward and back. A permanent

structure with a roof also works well, especially for larger horse farms with largercompost piles.

Add water w hen needed. Heat and airflow generated during composting canevaporate large amounts of water from a pile and you may find that your pilemay get too dry in the summer. If you turn your compost pile, you can water itdown with a garden hose when you're turning it. Otherwise, you can water downwheelbarrow loads before adding them to the pile.

Choosing a good location for your compost pile(s). Select a level site thatdrains easily and that sits on fairly high ground so the pile never sits in a pool of 

water. A dry level area is especially important when it comes to accessing thepile with any kind of heavy equipment (a tractor, truck, etc.). Equipment needsdry, level ground for turning around and positioning. Choosing a location for yourcompost pile that's convenient to your stall and paddock areas will make thechore of cleaning up easier and less time consuming. You'll also want to have thepile in an area that you can reach with a hose so that you can add water duringthose dry summer months.

A buffer zone is also required between your compost piles and nearby streams,ditches, wetlands, and residences. Contact your local Conservation District for

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more information.

Turn to help dry out the pile. If a pile becomes too moist you can help it dryout by increasing the turning frequency. Turning the pile can release significantamounts of water.

Managing the Ingredients in the P ile

The organisms that do the decomposing in your compost pile need carbon for energy andnitrogen for growth. It's important to supply both kinds of materials in roughly the rightproportions. The ideal carbon to nitrogen ratio for composting is between 25:1 and 30:1,with carbon being the higher number. High carbon materials are plant materials materialssuch as straw, wood chips, shavings, sawdust, and leaves. Materials that are high innitrogen often include animal by-products like manure and blood meal but also includesgrass clippings and hay. On its own, horse manure is about the ideal ratio. But if you adda lot of bedding to your compost pile, you can end up with too much carbon and notenough nitrogen.

When you have too much carbon (bedding) in the pile more time is needed to complete

he composting process. The less bedding you put in the pile, the faster it is likely tocompost. A manure pile with a lot of bedding is also less likely to compost completely.When added to the soil, high-carbon compost "robs" nitrogen from the soil to continuedecomposition, making it unavailable to growing plants. When this occurs, the plantsusually show a nitrogen deficiency as a yellowing of the leaves.

Minimize bedding. By minimizing the amount of bedding you use you'll savemoney and end up with a manure pile that composts faster. Most horses don'tneed as much bedding as is often used, they just need enough to soak up urineand moisture. When you clean stalls, try to remove only soiled bedding so thatless bedding makes it into the compost pile. You may want to consider using

rubber mats in stalls to provide the same amount of cushioning with lessbedding. Rubber mats have other advantages also: they prevent horses fromingesting dirt or sand when eating off the stall floor, make stall cleaning easier,decrease dust, prevent a pawing horse from digging holes in the stall, andprovide an even surface for horses to stand on (uneven surfaces may cause orexacerbate leg problems).

Consider your bedding options. Different types of bedding will decompose atdifferent rates so which bedding you use will affect the speed of the compostingprocess. Straw and shredded newspaper will compost faster than sawdust orshavings because they contain less carbon. There are also wood pellets on the

market that are much more absorbent than straw or shavings-as a result, youend up using less bedding and less bedding ends up in the compost pile. Thesepellets are more absorbent because they go through a drying process thatreduces the water content. They also break down into finer material thatcomposts faster than shavings and that makes it easier to remove only soiledbedding when cleaning stalls.

Add materials if necessary. If you have too much bedding in your pile andwant to help speed up the composting process, adding materials high in nitrogenlike grass clippings, chicken manure, and blood meal can help.

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Composting Methods

Whatcom County Agriculture Page | Whatcom County Home Page | Whatcom County Home Composting Page

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A Guide to Composting Horse Manure

by Jessica Paige, WSU Cooperative Extension, Whatcom County

Back to How to Make Compost Happen

Composting Methods

Passive Composting

Passive composting works well for small horse farms (from one to five horses) that do nothave a tractor to turn the piles or are not able to turn them on a regular basis. Thismethod involves forming small piles of manure approximately five to seven feet at thebase and three to four feet high and leaving them mostly undisturbed until it hasdecomposed into a stabilized product. To build a pile to the minimum three-foot heightwithout a tractor, it's easiest if the pile is contained in a bin or enclosure. The sides of thebin should have some space between each board to increase the amount of air that canreach the pile.

Small piles are designed to take advantage of natural air movement. As an activelycomposting pile heats from the inside, the warm air rises, pulling cooler, fresher air inwardrom the sides and bottom. Using PVC pipes with holes drilled in them (as described in the

section on managing airflow) can also help aerate the pile. With this method it is especiallmportant to cover the piles to keep them from getting too wet. With low amounts of bedding and the right amount of moisture, these piles can get quite hot and produce goodcompost.

f possible, you'll still want to turn the pile occasionally to get the manure on the outsidento the center where the heat from the composting process can kill parasites and weeds.

The composting designs on pages 10 and 11 are designed for a small horse farm with oneo five horses. You can tailor this system to meet your needs depending on how many

horses you have, the amount and type of bedding you use, and how you plan to use theinished compost. If you plan to use a tractor you will need a much sturdier design.

Two bins will probably be adequate for one to five horses but you can add a third forconvenience. Pile manure and stall wastes into the first bin until it is full, then leave italone to compost and start filling the second bin. In two to four months, the first binshould be done composting and ready to use. Adding a third bin allows one bin for thedaily stall wastes, another bin that is full and in the composting stage, and a third bin for

he finished compost to be removed and used at your leisure.

Turned P iles

f you have a tractor available to form and turn your piles, you'll improve the amount of air reaching all areas of the pile and speed up the rate of decomposition considerably.Turning also takes the material from the exterior of the pile and puts it into the interior of he pile so that all materials are composted evenly and weed seeds, parasites, pathogens,

and fly larvae can be destroyed by the high interior temperatures.

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Piles are most easily turned if placed on a concrete pad. This makes it easier for the buckeo scrape the surface and keeps the tractor tires from tearing up the ground. It also keeps

nitrates from the pile from soaking down through the soil and into groundwater. As withhe passive method, it is optimal to have three compost piles: one to which the fresh

manure is added daily, one in the process of decomposing, and one composted and readyo use. A 30' x 30' pad will house three piles with some room to move.

Aerated Static Piles

This method uses an aeration system-usually a system of perforated pipes connected to ablower-placed under the compost pile to periodically blow or draw air into the pile. Asimple on/off timer is used to control the aeration rate. A typical setting might be 3minutes on and 12 minutes off, running 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for 30 days ormore. Adjusting the frequency and duration of airflow into the pile controls theemperature. This process provides more direct control of composting and permits larger

piles. This method requires a considerable initial investment but if you have more than fivhorses on your property it may be worth it, especially if you are able to sell your compost

Compost Troubleshooting Guide

Whatcom County Agriculture Page | Whatcom County Home Page | Whatcom County Home Composting Page

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A Guide to Composting Horse Manure

by Jessica Paige, WSU Cooperative Extension, Whatcom County

Back to Composting Methods

Compost Troubleshooting Guide

Condition orSItuation

Possible source orreason

Other Clues Solution

Pile fails to heat Pile to dryCannot squeeze waterfrom material

Add water/wet thepilce

Material to wetMaterials look or feelsoggy, pile slumps

Tund and/or coverpile

Not enough nitrogen Large amount of beddingAdd high nitrogeningredients, reduce

beddingsmall pile size

Pile height less than 3feet

Enlarge or combinepiles.

Temperature fallsconsistently overseveral days

Low oxygenTemperature declinesgradually rather thansharply

Turn and/or coverpile

Low moistureCannot squeeze waterfrom material

Add water

OdorsMaterials too wet,insufficient aeration.

Low temperaturesTurn pile, add PVCpipes, cover

Fly problemFlies breeding inuncomposted manure

 

Cover pile with atarp or a 6-inchlayer of finishedcompost to preventaccess.

How to Know When Compost Is Ready for Use

The composting process begins as soon as you begin to pile up your manure. Almostmmediately, microorganisms begin their work and temperature increases are oftennoticeable within a few hours of forming the pile. With adequate airflow and moisture thepile's temperature should increase rapidly to 120°F-160°F and may remain in this rangeor several weeks. As active composting slows, temperatures gradually drop to around100°F and then to ambient air temperature. Compost should "cure" for at least a couple ofweeks before use. Finished compost is a crumbly, evenly textured, earthy-smelling, darkmaterial that looks like a commercial potting soil mixture. It will probably take about oneo three months for each pile to compost during the summer and about three to six

months in the winter. If you monitor your piles with a thermometer you will see a gradual

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drop in the higher "active" composting temperatures as it begins the curing process andbecomes ready for use.

What to Do With Your Finished Compost

Spreading compost on pastures. The easiest way to spread compost is to use a manurespreader and a tractor (or a strong riding lawnmower) to load, pull, and spread yourcompost. But you can also spread it without all that equipment: all you need is twopeople, a shovel, and a riding lawnmower, small cart, or pickup truck. Simply have oneperson drive while the other person spreads a thin layer of compost.

Only spread compost during the growing season (April-September) when plants can use itand when it's less likely to be washed away by the rain. Apply approximately ¼ inch at aime (you don't want to smother the grass) and no more than three to four applications

per year. Re-apply only after the previous layer has worked its way into the soil.

Using compost in garden and landscape areas. Compost can be worked into gardenbeds by hand or with a tiller or added to the soil when planting trees, shrubs, annuals, orperennials. Compost is also an excellent mulch or topdressing around flowers, shrubs, andrees. This mulch will help your plants get through the dry summer with less need forrrigation. When using it as a mulch around trees or shrubs, start three to four inches fromhe trunk and spread the compost out to the dripline keeping it about three inches deep.

Selling your compost. To find a buyer for your composted manure, contact local topsoilcompanies, tree farms, landscapers, and organic farmers. There's a good chance that youwill need to deliver it to them but you can still end up making a profit on your compost.

Giving aw ay your compost. If you somehow end up with compost that you want to getrid of, post a "free manure compost" sign where people can see it from the road. Try tomake your pile easily accessible so that people can simply drive up and take what theywant, when they want. You can also put an announcement in local newsletters andnewspapers-many papers will let you advertise free things at no charge.

Compost Bin Designs

References

The Rodale Book of Composting. Rodale Press, Inc., 1992.

Field Guide to On-Farm Composting. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and EngineeringService, 1999.

Healthy Horses, Clean Water. Horses for Clean Water, 2000.

Whatcom County Agriculture Page | Whatcom County Home Page | Whatcom County Home Composting Page

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A Guide to Composting Horse Manure

by Jessica Paige, WSU Cooperative Extension, Whatcom County

Back to References

Compost Bin Design #1

For two 4'x8'x8' bins, the following list of equipment and supplies are needed:

SUPPLIES

70 - 8' landscape timbers (or similar wood)140 - 5/16" x 5 1/2" lag screws

EQUIPMENT

Drill & bit (1/4" - 5" long)Ratchet & socket setPower or hand sawCarpenter's levelPost hole diggerTamping rod or similar tool

NOTE: number of timbers and lag screws will depend on the width of the timbers youpurchase and how tall you wish to make your bins.

Compost Bin Design #2

For three 4'x8'x8' bins, the following list of equipment and supplies are needed:

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SUPPLIES:

8 - 8' 6" x 6" treated posts40 - 4' 2" x 2" treated boards110 - 8' landscape timbers (or similar wood)160 - 3" deck screws

EQUIPMENT:

Drill with screwdriver head and bit25' tape measureChain saw or hand sawCarpenter's levelPost hole diggerTamping rod or similar tool

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Finished compost bin at Silver Lake Park.

For step-by-step directions to building this bin go here.

Whatcom County Agriculture Page | Whatcom County Home Page | Whatcom County Home Composting Page

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The Web

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Poster: Organic Reduced Tillage in Western Washington

and the Impacts on Weed Populations (pdf)

Aminopyralid Information

WSU Small Farm Connections

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For a paper copy of the Food & Farm Finder, please visit our 

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latest relevant research information delivered by the scientists

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trade show featuring vendors serving the small fruit community.

When: December 8-9, 2011 

Where: Northwest Washington FairgroundsEquestrian Facility1775 Front Street, Lynden, WA

For more information, and to register, please visit:

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/sfc2011/ 

 

Mast er Gardener - 2012 Tra in ing

Applications are currently being accepted for the

10 week training beginning February 2012.

Class size is limited, so register soon! 

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//whatcom.wsu.edu/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:03:38 PM]

To become a certified Master Gardener,

applicants must be complete 60 hours of

volunteer time as a Community Educator.

Master Gardener Website • Application

Scholarships available to those who qualify 

For more in fo rmat ion con tac t :

Beth Chisholm, Master Gardener Coordinator

beth.chisholm@wsu.edu  • (360) 676-6736

Volunteer Community Educators cultivating plants, people,

and communities since 1973.

 

Program focus is on changing public behaviors that contribute

to climate change and providing tools to adapt. Public outreach

includes interactive teaching methods, peer-to-peer

connections, social marketing techniques and civic

engagement.

http://whatcom.wsu.edu/carbonmasters

Cooperating agencies: Washington State University, U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, and Washington counties. Extension programs and employment 

are available to all without discrimination. Evidence of noncompliance may be 

reported through your local extension office.

Please visit these other hosted by WSU Whatc

County Extension:

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N. Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail  | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i t y | Copyright | Policies

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U Whatcom County Extension

//whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/compost/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:03:43 PM]

WhatcomCountyCompost ing:

Master Composter

Program

Publications &Fact

Sheets

Vermiculture or Worm

Composting

Uses of Compost

On Farm Composting

Composting Links

Compost Sources &

Materials

Our Compost inPubl icat ions:

Composting Basics

Composting Fact

Sheets

Compost Tea

Build Your Own

Rainbarrels

On Farm Composting

Worm Composting

 

The WebThis Site

Compost ing in Whatc om County  

Whatcom County is dedicated to reducing the amount of waste generated in

the county and managing resources wisely. Each year, WSU Extension trains

Master Composter/Recycler volunteers who then provide advice and

leadership about resource conservation and sustainable living throughout the

county.

Master Composter/Recyclers learn about composting, and building soil. They

discover what local scientists are discovering about compost, and some do

their own home research. They learn how people and businesses recycle in

Whatcom County, and basic tips on reducing, reusing and recycling.

Master Composter/Recycler class tour local facilities including:

Green Earth Technologies—a first in the US, Gore-Tex composting site

Ostroms Mushroom Farm

Disposal of Toxic site

Dairy Farm composting site

Mt. Baker School system school wide recycling program

Restoration Soil and Research, (formerly Pacific Garden Company)

worm composting dairy manure

County Construction Recyclers

Vanderhaak Dairy Biogas Anaerobic Manure Digester

Water Recycling Field Trip

Northwest Recyclers

 

Master Composter/Recycler classes run each spring. Check out this Web site

for information, activities and opportunities.

Mini Composting Classes

Rain Barrel Classes

 

WSU Extension Whatcom County

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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ep-by-step guide to building horse compost bins

//whatcom.wsu.edu/ag/compost/stepbystep.htm[11/28/2011 6:03:44 PM]

A Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Compost Bin

Step One:Dig post holes approximately two feetdeep. If you plan on using a tractor toturn or remove your comost pile, youmay want to consider setting the postsin concrete and pouring a concreteslab. Insert 8' x 6" x 6" posts into postholes.

Step Two:

Attach 4’ x 2” x 2” boards vertically to

each post. These boards will act asguides and will hold the sides of thecompost bin in place.

Step Three:

Slide 8' x 2" x 8" boards between2"x2"s, stacking sides into place. Smallsections of wood can be insertedbetween each board to create somespace between each slat, allowing airto flow more freely into the pile andspeed up the composting process.

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ep-by-step guide to building horse compost bins

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Landscape timbers can also be used inplace of 8' x 2" x 8" boards.

The Final Product!

To see this demonstration compostbin, visit the Silver Lake Park horsecamp. Directions to Silver Lake Park:Drive east on Mount Baker Highway toMaple Falls, turn left on Silver LakeRoad and follow the signs to the park.

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U Whatcom County 4-H Programs

//whatcom.wsu.edu/4-h/4-h_youth.htm[11/28/2011 6:03:49 PM]

 

The Web

This Site

Welcome  

About t he 4-H Program4-H is the youth development education program of Washington State University Extension, which is

conducted jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, your state land grant university (WSU) and yo

Whatcom County Goverment. Today 4-H is everywhere--in cities, suburbs, small towns, and rural

communities. 4-H is the largest youth development organization in the nation. The United States has

more than 5 million members and 600,000 leaders. Around the world, 4-H type clubs now exist in at

least 82 countries. In the 1990s 4-H serves a broad clientele with expanded program focus using avariety of ways to deliver its effective "learn by doing" approach.

Vis ion

Washington State University 4-H Youth Development is developing young people to become productiv

citizens who are engaged in positive change, meeting the needs of a diverse and changing society.

Mission

4-H youth development education creates supportive environments for all youth and families to reach

their fullest potential. This will be accomplished through a systemic approach of foundation and missio

driven science to meet our goals to:

Provide formal and non-formal experiential learning

Develop skills that benefit youth throughout life

Foster leadership and volunteerism in youth and adults

Build internal and external partnerships for programming and funding

Strengthen families and communities

Employ research based knowledge and the land grant university system

Embrace and expand the traditions of the 4-H Youth Program

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WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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The Web

This Site

  Gardening in Whatc om County  

Soil Testing

Fertilizer Guide

Community First! Gardens

"Greener" Garden Party

Home Garden Management

Stewardship Gardening

Nuisance Wildlife

Gardening Fact Sheets

Plant of the Month

Weed of the Month

Garden Friends & Foes

 

E-answers is a dynamic, online, searchable resource that brings research-based information aeducation into your home or office. The practical, current, and unbiased information in this siterepresents the work of Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station professionals at Grant and Sea Grant universities throughout the United States.

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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ated Pest Management

whatcom.wsu.edu/ipm/index.html[11/28/2011 6:03:56 PM]

WSU Whatcom County

Extension

Whatcom Agriculture

Whatcom IPM

Home

What is IPM?

Goals of Whatcom CountyIPM Project

IPM in Agriculture

IPM for the Homeowner

Integrated Pest Management in

Whatcom County 

Welcome to the Washington State University Extension - Whatcom County

IPM Project. In contract with Whatcom County, WSU Extension has committed

to bring the fundamentals of IPM to Whatcom County pest managing

communities.

For more information about IPM in Whatcom County, please contact:

Colleen Burrows, IPM Coordinator

(360) 676-6736

Craig MacConnell, Extension Educator

(360) 676-6736

 

"Integrated Pest 

Management, IPM, is a 

decision making approach t

pest management that 

involves knowing the crop,

the pest, the ecosystem, an

the relationship between al

of these components." 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

Integrated Pest Management

WSU Whatcom County Extens

A-Z Index Campuses myWSU WSU Home  

WSU Whatcom County Extension • 1000 N. Forest St., Bellingham, WA 98225 • 360-676-6736 • whatcom@wsu.edu

Copyright © 2011 Board of Regents, Washington State University | Accessibility | Policies | Copyright

Search Web/People

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//whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:01 PM]

 

The Web

This Site

Becoming a Mas ter Gardener Volunteer Educator  

Whatcom County is pleased to offer WSU's online training program in 2012.This training will require class members to read the Master Gardener Manual,

watch related video lectures and take required quizzes on your computer at

times convenient to you. This is expected to take between 8 and 15 hours per

week. In addition, we will be meeting as a class one full day a week, during

the months of February & March for workshops relating to the curriculum.

This year, WSU is offering two ways to participate in this training.

To become a Cert i f ied Master Gardener  , applicants must complete 60

hours of volunteer time as a Community Educator. The cost for the 2012

Training will be announced in Novemember.

Please download and complete the Master Gardener Volunteer Application.

Upon completing the form, please mail it to:

WSU Whatcom County Extension

Attn: Master Gardener Training Program

1000 North Forest Street

Bellingham, WA 98225

You will be contacted to schedule a short interview during the month of

December. Class size is limited. Further questions may be addressed to:

beth.chisholm@wsu.edu

For more information or an application, contact the WSU Whatcom County

Extension office at (360) 676-6736. Applications for the 2012 training are

being accepted now!

What is t he Mas ter Gardener Program?

Washington State University Whatcom County Extension home horticulture

training to people interested in gardening and their community. In return for

this training, the Master Gardener Community Educators volunteer 60 hours

during the same year helping home gardeners.

The online training sessions and in-person workshops, are led by local and

state experts. The sessions cover introductory horticulture and botany, soils,

Recent WeedeDigest

December 2011 (pd

November 2011 (pd

October 2011 (pdf

 

Contac t aMaster  Gardener:

MG Off ic e Cl inic

9 - Noon or 1 - 4pm

(360) 676-6736 or

email

Current Events& In fo rmat ion

 

2012 Master Garden

Class

Now accepting

applications (pdf)

Applications are

currently being

accepted for the

10-week training

beginning February

2012.

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//whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:01 PM]

 

garden management, weed control, plant pathology, insects, pesticide safety,

landscape ornamentals, pruning, and vegetable and fruit crops.

Past Accomplishments

The Master Gardener Tradi t ion

The Master Gardener

Program was established in

Whatcom County in 1975. It

is a volunteer program that

enables participants to serve

their community through

horticultural education. More

than 200 of the 3,000

Master Gardener Vounteer

Educators in Washington

State are active right here in

Whatcom County.

Get t ing Help andAdv ice

Master Gardener Volunteer Educators are available regularly during the

gardening season to answer your questions. We enjoy the challenge of

figuring out what's wrong with your plants and helping you solve your

horticultural puzzles. Whether you want to know what's chewing on your

rhododendrons, the straight scoop on composting, or how much fertilizer to

put on your lawn and when to apply it, the Master Gardeners of Whatcom

County can help! We are trained to offer research-based information about

what to do to prevent problems. Preventative measures may minimize the

need for drastic corrective measures that are potentially more damaging to the

environment as well as to the home gardener.

As Master Gardeners, we are committed to stewardship gardening through the

practice of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). A healthy landscape requires

much more than simply spraying pests. It demands knowledge of your plants'cultural needs and the proper diagnosis of problems. We can help you make

your home garden the best it can be, all at no cost to you.

Please see our list of the most frequently asked questions.  (pdf)

All WSU publication are avail to the public at:

https://cru84.cahe.wsu.edu/ 

Additional information about gardening in Western Washington

Master Gardeners are available weekdays at the County Extension office,

(360) 676-6736 or beginning in March on Wednesdays and Saturdays at

Hovander Park, working in the demonstration plot and offering Plant Clinicsfrom 9 a.m. until noon.

We'll most likely ask you to bring samples of that pesky bug, mystery weed,

diseased branch or flower into the office at 1000 N. Forest Street. Pack up

your questions in a zip-lock bag, and bring them to us!! If we don't have an

answer, we have the resources of Washington State University and the USDA

to help us find out exactly what's bothering that prized plant of yours. Call us

for assistance before you have a problem, too. We'll tell you when to plant

your bulbs and prune your fruit trees and clip those perennials. Contact us

today.

 

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U Whatcom County Extension

//whatcom.wsu.edu/mastergardener/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:01 PM]

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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U Whatcom County Families

//whatcom.wsu.edu/family/families.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:06 PM]

The Web

This Site

  Whatc om County Fami ly L iv ing Programs  

Food Parent ing Presentat ion

April 2007

E WA Parenting Educators Spring In-service

Drew Betz, Presenter

 

WhatcomCountyFami l ies :

Resources for Paren

Resources for Family

Living

Family Management

 

E-answers is a dynamic, online, searchable resource thatbrings research-based information and education into yourhome or office. The practical, current, and unbiasedinformation in this site represents the work of ExtensionService and Agricultural Experiment Station professionals at

Land Grant and Sea Grant universities throughout the United States.

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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U Whatcom County Nutrition Education

//whatcom.wsu.edu/nutrition/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:10 PM]

The Web

This Site

  Nut r i t ion Educat ion  

Our Food $ense program is offering programs in schools and agencies this year. Wewill be featuring helpful websites that can add to your knowledge and appreciate ofgood nutrition.

Here are a few to get you started:

My Pyramid Websi te - This is the official website for My Pyramid. You can explore what you nefor a healthy diet. There are also games and interactive things for children.

CDC - Frui ts and Vegetables Websi te - Visit this colorful site maintained the Center for Disease Control. This is the home of the Fruit and Vegetable of themonth feature. Check out the fruit and vegetable for this month.

Dietary Guidel ines for Amer ic ans 2005  - The government just updated thDietary Guidelines. The new My Pyramid reflects those guidelines. This is good

information for all to understand.

Fight BAC - We emphasize safe food handling in all of our classes. The Fight BAC site is very colo

and the information is easy to incorporate into your life.

Aim for a Heal thy Weight  - This obesity initiative of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Instituis a wonderful source of information on Body Mass Index and Portion Distortion. Check it out and takethe Portion Distortion Quiz!

We Can! - A resource for parents who want to help prevent obesity in their children.

Univers i t y o f Connect i cu t ’s Team Nut r i t i on Page for K ids - This hasso many fun resources. Play the Rate Your Plate Game!

Meal Mat t er : Cal i fornia Dai ry Counci l  - Meals Matter is a delightful websitedeveloped by the California Dairy Council. This link will take you to the Cooking for

Google Search

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U Whatcom County Nutrition Education

//whatcom.wsu.edu/nutrition/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:10 PM]

Your Family Page that contains activities for you and your children. Try the FoodPyramid Match Game, learn more about breakfast and the nutritional facts about yourfavorite pizza.

Go, Slow, Whoa! A Kid’s Guide to Eat ing Right :  The Kids Health site is full of resource

for kids. This page can help kids learn about foods they can eat anytime, foods they should keep on thei

sometimes list and foods they should eat only once in awhile.

Kids Heal th for Parents : Nut r i t i on and Fi tness : Kids Health for Parents is a terrific resou

for helping parents with a variety of health issues. This particular section of the website is dedicated to

helping parents encourage their child in eating well and exercising to stay fit.

 

E-answers is a dynamic, online, searchable resource thatbrings research-based information and education into yourhome or office. The practical, current, and unbiasedinformation in this site represents the work of ExtensionService and Agricultural Experiment Station professionals at

Land Grant and Sea Grant universities throughout the United States.

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i t y  | Copyright | Pol ic ies

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U Whatcom County Food Safety & Preservation

//whatcom.wsu.edu/family/mfpsa/mfpsa.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:15 PM]

The Web

This Site

 

Master Food Preserver & Safety Adv isor  

Program

Due to the budget, the Master Food 

Preserver & Safety Advisor Program 

has been cancelled.

 

NOTE: Tra in ing for t he Master Food

Preserver & Safety Adv isor Program has been

cancel led. For more in format ion, p lease ca l l (360)

676-6736.

In ternet In format ion on Food Safety & Preservat ion

WSU Food Safety Home Page

Información en Español

WSU Publications

National Center for Home Food Preservation

Gateway to Government Food Safety Information

Oregon State University's Food Resource website

Foodsafe Program

Fight BAC!

FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition

USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

ISU Food Safety Website

 

Current Events

NOTE: The Master 

Food Preserver &

Safety Advisor 

Program has been 

cancelled.

Publ icat ions &Other In format ion:

Fact Sheets

Food Safety &

Preservation

Publications

Whatcom County Far

Map

 

Google Search

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Note: Some of these sites are not WSU-verified 

sources of information--use your own judgement 

 E-answers is a dynamic, online, searchable resource thatbrings research-based information and education into yourhome or office. The practical, current, and unbiasedinformation in this site represents the work of ExtensionService and Agricultural Experiment Station professionals at

Land Grant and Sea Grant universities throughout the United States.

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USAContact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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U Whatcom County Environment & Natural Resources

//whatcom.wsu.edu/environ/environment.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:19 PM]

 

The Web

This Site

Pilot Water Quality Telemetry Project on Fourmile and Tenmile Creeks

WSU Drought Alert

E.answers is a dynamic, online resource that brings more than 250,000 pages

of university information and education into your home or office — when and

where you need it. The practical, current, and unbiased information in this siterepresents the work of Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station

professionals at more than 50 Land Grant universities throughout the United

States.

 

WSU Cooperative Extension Whatcom County

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

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Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

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U Whatcom County Communities

//whatcom.wsu.edu/commun/community.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:24 PM]

The Web

This Site

  Whatc om County Comm uni t ies  

Heal thy & Susta inable Comm uni t ies

Washington State Grange

WSU Washington Center for Real Estate Research

Lake Tahoe Center for a Sustainable Future

20 Clues to Community Survival

Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development

National Civic League and Alliance for National Renewal

Electronic Tools for Community Sustainability 

Center for Neighborhood Technology 

Center for Sustainable Communities 

Rural Issue Center

World Business Council for Sustainable Development

Sustainable Ecosystems and Communties

 

WhatcomCountyCommuni t ies :

Disaster Preparednes

& Recovery

Energy

Local State & FederaGovernment

Census, Statistics &

Other Data

West Nile Virus

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies

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//whatcom.wsu.edu/us/index.htm[11/28/2011 6:04:28 PM]

 

The Web

This Site

WSU Whatc om County Ext ens ion  

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N. Forest Street, Suite 201

Bellingham WA, 98225-5594 USA

Phone: (360) 676-6736

FAX: (360) 738-2458

Email: whatcom@wsu.edu

Off ice hours : Monday - Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (closed Noon to 1 p.m.)

Miss ion Stat ement

Washington State University Extension engages people, organizations and

communities to advance knowledge, economic well-being and quality of life by

fostering inquiry, learning, and the application of research.

Vis ion

Washington State University Extension is the front door to the University. It

extends non-credit education and degree opportunities to people and

communities throughout the state. Extension builds the capacity of individuals,

organizations, businesses and communities, empowering them to find

solutions for local issues and to improve their quality of life. Extension is

recognized for its accessible, learner-centered, relevant, high quality, unbiased

educational programs. Extension collaborates with communities to create aculture of life-long learning.

 

Contact information in QR Code form:

 

Google Search

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ut WSU Whatcom County Extension

 

WSU Whatcom County Extension

1000 N Forest Street, Suite 201, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA

Contact us: e-mail | 360-676-6736 | Office Hours M-F 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.

Access ib i l i ty  | Copyr ight | Pol ic ies