A Growing Concern in Latin America...
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a Growing Concern in Latin America ---------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- Patricia I. Vasquez [email protected] Energy and Conflicts:
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Transcript of A Growing Concern in Latin America...
a Growing Concern in Latin America
--------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------Patricia I. [email protected]
Energy and Conflicts:
Types of Energy Conflicts
a. Geopoliticalb. Border
2. NATIONAL
c. Revenued.Local
1.REGIONAL
Economic Indicators Improved
Poverty Levels reduced: from 55% in 2001 to 36.2% in 2008
More people have access to Basic Services
HOWEVER
High economic growth rates
At the heart of the conflicts:
Historic marginalization:
⌃ Lack access to (acceptable) Basic Services
⌃ Lack access to political participation⌃ Alienation from center of decision-making⌃ Lack of State presence in their territory.
Why do Conflicts Occur?
1.STRUCTURAL
2. NON-STRUCTURAL
a.Governance and Institutional Weaknesses
b.Legal Rigiditiesc.Unclear Policies
Why do Conflicts Occur? (cont.)
1.Structural
Degree of compliance w/ previous agmts.
.
2. Non-StructuralImperfect participation mechs.
Companies’ CRS practices
Weak Institutional Mediation for Solving Conflicts Divisions: w/in-btw. Comm//Comm-umbrella org.Degree of mobilization of Comm.
History of social/environmental degradation.
Degree of NGO involvement//Type of NGOs.
Com
pens
atio
n
Mon
itor
ing
Mul
tise
ct. C
omm
PERU
0
1
2
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4
5
6
2
3
5
2
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2
4
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3 3
5 5
3 3
Inten...
Block 1AB
1st
.A
gr
Dis
agr.
/Th
reats
Dori
ssa
Acc
.
Shut airp.
No
Com
plia
nce
AM
Z.
Str
ike
Seized Wells
E-T
ech
Report
No C
om
plia
nce
NG
Os
Block Production
Gov
t. n
o sh
ow
No
Com
plia
nce
Law
sui
t in
LA
.
OMB. OM
B.
OMB.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Con-flicts
75 97 83 211 260 239
Devel-opment Oil Wells
69 77 177 185 153 217
Socio Envi-ronmen-tal Con-flicts
13 21 41 100 121 116
25
75
125
175
225
275
13 2141
100121 116
PERU:Oil Wells vs Conflicts
ConflictsDevelopment Oil WellsSocio Environmen-tal Conflicts
Sources: Own elaboration with data from Office of the Ombudsman. MEM.
2004 Source: Perupetro
2009 Source: Perupetro
PERU:OIL LICENSES
Thank you!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patricia I. [email protected]
