A Great Lakes Primer. Great Lakes Basin Great Lakes Profile.
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Transcript of A Great Lakes Primer. Great Lakes Basin Great Lakes Profile.
A Great Lakes Primer
Great Lakes Basin
Great Lakes Profile
Lake Depth (m) Surface
Area (km2)
Volume (km3)
Retention
Time (yr)
Population
(millions)
Basin Area Lake Area
Ratio
Superior 147 82,100 12,100 191 0.6 1.56
Michigan 85 57,800 4,920 99 10.1 2.04
Huron 59 59,600 3,540 22 2.7 2.25
Erie 19 25,700 484 2.6 11.7 3.04
Ontario 86 18,960 1,640 6 8.2 3.38
Morphometry and Development
Phosphorus and Eutrophication
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Trophic State Index
( , , , )TSI f P Chl PP SD
Toxic Substances
Invasive Species
183 non-indigenous species in the Great Lakes (NOAA)
Areas of Concern
Areas of Concern (AOCs): severely degraded sites with impaired beneficial use
Remedial Action Plans (RAPs): specify problems and methods of correcting them
Lakewide Management Plans (LaMPs): plan to assess, restore, and protect ecosystem health
GLWQA
Areas of Concern
Waukegan Harbor (IL)PCBsOutboard Marine Corporation
Rouge River (MI)Urban storm water discharges, CSOs, nonpoint source pollution, and municipal and industrial discharges
Presque Isle Bay (PA)PAHs, heavy metals
From the Literature – Lake Superior
Toxaphene was a popular replacement for DDT until being banned in 1982. Here, atmospheric sampling and back-trajectory analysis are applied to quantify rates of deposition and sources for Lake Superior.
From the Literature – Lake Michigan
Beach closing due to fecal contamination are closely associated with public perception of water quality
From the Literature – Lake Huron
Numbers on x-axis refer to depth zones: 1 = shallow, 2 = intermediate, 3 = deep
From the Literature – Lake Erie
Black area is region of anoxia. Number at bottom is depletion rate.
From the Literature – Lake Ontario
Mirex is an organic chemical used as a fire retardant and insecticide (fire ants). It has a long half-life. It was found to be present in fish in northern Lake Ontario, but no source was identified.
A Great Lakes Primer