A Global Community[1]

Food for ThoughtFood for Thought A Global CommunityA Global Community

A Presentation by Laura Alison Miko,

Hum 120 Teaching Assistant.

Activity Developed by Population Connection 2006

Objective OverviewObjective Overview OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate how To demonstrate how

differences in population differences in population and resource use in five and resource use in five regions of the world, regions of the world, combine to impact the combine to impact the quality of life for the people quality of life for the people who live in each areawho live in each area..

Population demographics, land Population demographics, land use patterns, energy use patterns, energy consumption and wealth are consumption and wealth are the issues that will be explored the issues that will be explored to heighten global to heighten global perspectives.perspectives.

Activity IntroductionsActivity Introductions

Introduction to activityIntroduction to activity

Appointment of Appointment of Regional AmbassadorsRegional Ambassadors

Population of RegionsPopulation of Regions

Population Population DemographicsDemographics

A.A. Population:Population: The number of The number of people living in a regionpeople living in a region

B.B. Birth Rate:Birth Rate: The number of The number of birth’s per 1,000 people per birth’s per 1,000 people per yearyear

C.C. Death Rate:Death Rate: The number of The number of deaths per 1,000 people per deaths per 1,000 people per yearyear

D.D. Rate of Natural Increase:Rate of Natural Increase: Growth caused by having Growth caused by having more births than deaths in a more births than deaths in a year. (Does not includes year. (Does not includes immigration or emigration).immigration or emigration).

E.E. Doubling Time:Doubling Time: The number The number of years it will take a of years it will take a population to double in size if it population to double in size if it maintains its current growth maintains its current growth rate.rate.

World Population World Population DemographicsDemographics

A.A. Population:Population: The 2006 world The 2006 world population is 6.5 Billionpopulation is 6.5 Billion

B.B. Birth Rate:Birth Rate: The birth rate is The birth rate is 21 per 1,00021 per 1,000

C.C. Death Rate:Death Rate: The death rate The death rate is 9 per 1,000is 9 per 1,000

D.D. Rate of Natural Increase:Rate of Natural Increase: The world’s annual growth The world’s annual growth rate is 1.2%rate is 1.2%

E.E. Doubling Time:Doubling Time: At this rate At this rate the world’s population will the world’s population will double to 13 billion in 58 double to 13 billion in 58 yearsyears

Supplemental Supplemental InformationInformation

A population grows whenever its A population grows whenever its birth rate is higher than its death birth rate is higher than its death rate.rate.

The growth rate is determined by The growth rate is determined by the size of the difference between the size of the difference between the birth and death rates. The the birth and death rates. The closer these rates are, the lower closer these rates are, the lower the growth rate.the growth rate.

Where the birth rate and death Where the birth rate and death rates are equal, the population’s rates are equal, the population’s growth rate is zero.growth rate is zero.

The world’s current birth rate is The world’s current birth rate is almost two and a half times its almost two and a half times its death rate.death rate.

Ambassador StatisticsAmbassador Statistics

North AmericaNorth AmericaLatin AmericaLatin AmericaEuropeEuropeAfricaAfricaAsiaAsia

Please read statistics A-E

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

► What will it mean to What will it mean to have our population have our population double? What else double? What else will we need to have will we need to have twice as much of to twice as much of to provide for all those provide for all those people?people?

► Asia’s doubling time Asia’s doubling time is 58 years. If we is 58 years. If we returned in 58 years returned in 58 years and did this and did this exercise again, exercise again, would we be able to would we be able to fit twice as many fit twice as many people into Asia’s people into Asia’s space?space?

Quality of LifeQuality of LifeF. Literacy Rate:F. Literacy Rate: The ability of an individual to The ability of an individual to

read and write with understanding a simple read and write with understanding a simple short statement related to his/her everyday short statement related to his/her everyday life.life.

G. Fertility Rate:G. Fertility Rate: The average number of The average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime.children a woman will have in her lifetime.

H. Infant Mortality Rate:H. Infant Mortality Rate: The yearly number of The yearly number of children who die before reaching the age of children who die before reaching the age of one year per 1,000 live births.one year per 1,000 live births.

I. Life Expectancy:I. Life Expectancy: The average number of The average number of years a person born today could expect to years a person born today could expect to live under current morality rates.live under current morality rates.

J. Access to Adequate Sanitation:J. Access to Adequate Sanitation: Percentage Percentage of population with access to toilets or of population with access to toilets or latrines.latrines.

K. Medical Doctors:K. Medical Doctors: The number of people per The number of people per one Medical doctor.one Medical doctor.

Worldwide Quality of LifeWorldwide Quality of Life F. Literacy Rate:F. Literacy Rate: Of the world’s 12-17 Of the world’s 12-17

year olds, 66% of boys and 63% year olds, 66% of boys and 63% of girls are enrolled in school.of girls are enrolled in school.

G. Total Fertility Rate:G. Total Fertility Rate: The world’s The world’s women bear an average of 2.7 women bear an average of 2.7 children.children.

H. Infant Morality Rate:H. Infant Morality Rate: The world infant The world infant mortality rate is 52 per 1,000.mortality rate is 52 per 1,000.

I. Life Expectancy:I. Life Expectancy: The average human The average human life expectancy at birth is 67 life expectancy at birth is 67 years.years.

J. Access to Adequate Sanitation:J. Access to Adequate Sanitation: Only Only 59% of the world’s population 59% of the world’s population have access to adequate have access to adequate sanitation.sanitation.

K. Medical DoctorsK. Medical Doctors: On average, there : On average, there is one medical doctor per 709 is one medical doctor per 709 people in the world.people in the world.

Supplemental InformationSupplemental Information

Disease rates are also indicators of a Disease rates are also indicators of a regions quality of life. Worldwide, 1.0% regions quality of life. Worldwide, 1.0% age 15-49 of the population lives with age 15-49 of the population lives with HIV/AIDS. In sub-Saharan Africa, 6.1% of HIV/AIDS. In sub-Saharan Africa, 6.1% of the 15-49 year olds population is infected the 15-49 year olds population is infected with HIV/AIDS. This significantly affects with HIV/AIDS. This significantly affects the labor force and child care in the regionthe labor force and child care in the region



Please read statistics F-I


1.1. Can you see any connection between Africa’s Can you see any connection between Africa’s unusually high infant mortality rate of 84 per 1,000 unusually high infant mortality rate of 84 per 1,000 (almost 1 in 12), and its high total fertility rate of 5.1 (almost 1 in 12), and its high total fertility rate of 5.1 children per woman?children per woman?

2.2. Infant mortality rates are consistently lower when girls Infant mortality rates are consistently lower when girls have access to higher education. Is there a correlation have access to higher education. Is there a correlation here? What abilities and/or knowledge do educated here? What abilities and/or knowledge do educated people have that might be useful to them as parents?people have that might be useful to them as parents?

3.3. What do indicators like a high infant morality rate, What do indicators like a high infant morality rate, limited access to decent sanitation facilities, and short limited access to decent sanitation facilities, and short life expectancy say about the quality of life in a region? life expectancy say about the quality of life in a region? What are some possible causes? What are some possible causes?

Land Use PatternsLand Use Patterns

L. Urban Population:L. Urban Population: Percentage of total Percentage of total population living in areas population living in areas termed urban by that termed urban by that country (typically towns of country (typically towns of 2,000 or more in national 2,000 or more in national or provincial capitals.or provincial capitals.

M. Arable Land:M. Arable Land: Farmland; Farmland; land capable of growing land capable of growing cropscrops

Worldwide Land Use PatternsWorldwide Land Use Patterns

L. Urban Population:L. Urban Population: 48% of the world’s 48% of the world’s population (about 2.9 population (about 2.9 billion people) now billion people) now live in urban areas.live in urban areas.

M. Arable Land:M. Arable Land: There There are 0.6 acres of are 0.6 acres of arable land per arable land per person on Earth.person on Earth.

Supplemental InformationSupplemental Information

Regarding UrbanizationRegarding Urbanization The rate of urbanization is changing rapidly, as more and more people The rate of urbanization is changing rapidly, as more and more people

move to cities world-wide.move to cities world-wide. In the developing world, about 41% of the population lives in urban areas. In the developing world, about 41% of the population lives in urban areas.

While urbanization has traditionally meant more industrialization and job While urbanization has traditionally meant more industrialization and job opportunities, many mega-cities in developing countries lack a strong opportunities, many mega-cities in developing countries lack a strong economic foundation upon which to base growth. As the population grows, economic foundation upon which to base growth. As the population grows, the economic, social, and environmental problems in these cities grow as the economic, social, and environmental problems in these cities grow as well. well.

In the developed world—especially North America—most of the current In the developed world—especially North America—most of the current population shift involves people moving away from concentrated urban population shift involves people moving away from concentrated urban centers to sprawling suburban and metropolitan regions, or to small and centers to sprawling suburban and metropolitan regions, or to small and intermediate-size cities.intermediate-size cities.

Regarding Arable LandRegarding Arable Land The lowest authoritative estimate of the minimum amount of arable land The lowest authoritative estimate of the minimum amount of arable land

required to feed one person– without intensive use of synthetic fertilizers– is required to feed one person– without intensive use of synthetic fertilizers– is 0.17 acres. (This doesn't include crops or textiles or cash crops needed for 0.17 acres. (This doesn't include crops or textiles or cash crops needed for income)income)



Please read statistics L-M


1.1. How will population growth affect the amount How will population growth affect the amount of arable land per person?of arable land per person?

2.2. What would it mean for a country to have its What would it mean for a country to have its amount of arable land per capita fall below the amount of arable land per capita fall below the minimum required to grow enough food to minimum required to grow enough food to sustain its population?sustain its population?

3.3. What do you think usually causes people to What do you think usually causes people to move to cities?move to cities?

4.4. What are some possible positive and negative What are some possible positive and negative effects of having such large proportions of effects of having such large proportions of countries’ populations shifting to urban areas?countries’ populations shifting to urban areas?

Energy Consumption and WealthEnergy Consumption and Wealth

Energy Consumption:Energy Consumption: The The total amount of energy used by total amount of energy used by each region per year divided each region per year divided by the number of people living by the number of people living in that region—includes in that region—includes industrial use.industrial use.

Gross Domestic Product:Gross Domestic Product: A A commonly used measure of a commonly used measure of a nation’s wealth, determined nation’s wealth, determined from the annual profits from the annual profits generated within a region by generated within a region by all good and services all good and services exchanged that year.exchanged that year.

Symbolism of MatchesSymbolism of Matches

While energy is generated in many While energy is generated in many ways, including wood, coal, natural ways, including wood, coal, natural gas and nuclear power, in this gas and nuclear power, in this activity, all these sources have activity, all these sources have been combined and are expressed been combined and are expressed in terms of barrels of oil.in terms of barrels of oil.

These matches represent the These matches represent the average amount of energy average amount of energy consumed by each citizen of each consumed by each citizen of each region in the course of a year.region in the course of a year.

Each match = the amount of energy Each match = the amount of energy generated from burning 1 barrel of generated from burning 1 barrel of oil. One barrel contains 42 gallons.oil. One barrel contains 42 gallons.

Distribution of Energy to Distribution of Energy to AmbassadorsAmbassadors

AfricaAfrica 3 Matches3 Matches = 3 Barrels of Oil = 3 Barrels of Oil

AsiaAsia 7 Matches7 Matches = 7 Barrels of Oil = 7 Barrels of Oil

Latin AmericaLatin America 9 Matches9 Matches = 9 Barrels of Oil = 9 Barrels of Oil

EuropeEurope 29 matches29 matches = 29 Barrels of = 29 Barrels of

OilOil

North AmericaNorth America 60 matches60 matches = 60 Barrels of = 60 Barrels of

OilOil

Symbolism of CandySymbolism of Candy

The candies represent the The candies represent the amount each person would amount each person would get per year if his/her get per year if his/her region’s annual GDP were region’s annual GDP were divided equally among all its divided equally among all its citizens, expressed here in citizens, expressed here in U.S. currency. This is also U.S. currency. This is also considered to be an indicator considered to be an indicator of average annual income.of average annual income.

Each wrapped candy = $500Each wrapped candy = $500

Distribution of GDP to Distribution of GDP to AmbassadorsAmbassadors

AfricaAfrica 2 Candies2 Candies = $1,030 = $1,030

AsiaAsia 4 Candies4 Candies = $2,119 = $2,119

Latin AmericaLatin America 9 Candies9 Candies = $4,496 = $4,496

EuropeEurope 48 Candies48 Candies = $23,987 = $23,987

North AmericaNorth America 83 Candies83 Candies = $41,285 = $41,285

Regional Information ChartRegional Information ChartNorthNorth

AmericaAmericaLatinLatin

AmericaAmericaEuropeEurope AfricaAfrica AsiaAsia

Yarn LengthYarn LengthRepresentation of AreaRepresentation of Area

25 ft.25 ft. 25 ft.25 ft. 27 ft.27 ft. 30ft.30ft. 31 ft.31 ft.

2006 Population in 2006 Population in Millions Millions

(1 = 250 Million)(1 = 250 Million)

332332

11

566566

22

732732

33

924924

44

39683968

1616

Region’s percent of World Region’s percent of World land Arealand Area

15%15% 16%16% 18%18% 24%24% 25%25%

Percent of Region’s Land Percent of Region’s Land that is Arablethat is Arable

11.1%11.1% 7.1%7.1% 12.5%12.5% 6.1%6.1% 16.1%16.1%

Per Capita Energy Per Capita Energy ConsumptionConsumption

(1 match = 1 barrel of Oil)(1 match = 1 barrel of Oil)60 60

MatchesMatches

9 9

MatchesMatches

29 29

MatchesMatches

33

MatchesMatches

77

MatchesMatches

Per Capita GDPPer Capita GDP

1 Candy - $5001 Candy - $500

$41,285$41,285

83 candies83 candies

$4,496$4,496

9 candies9 candies

$23,987$23,987

48 candies48 candies

$1,030$1,030

2 candies2 candies

$2,119$2,119

4 Candies4 Candies


What would it be like in What would it be like in this room if we lit all these this room if we lit all these matches?matches?

Who would have to Who would have to breath all that smoke? breath all that smoke? Would only the citizens of Would only the citizens of North America be North America be breathing the pollution breathing the pollution generated by their 60 generated by their 60 matches?matches?

What do the people in What do the people in our Asian and African our Asian and African regions think about the regions think about the fact that the North fact that the North Americans have a bag Americans have a bag bulging with wealth, bulging with wealth, when they have so little?when they have so little?

How could /do people How could /do people from regions with less from regions with less wealth and opportunity wealth and opportunity get access to those get access to those things?things?

What does the North American What does the North American Ambassador think about the Ambassador think about the uneven distribution of wealth? uneven distribution of wealth? What does do you want to do What does do you want to do about it?about it?

How will the wealthier regions How will the wealthier regions decide to which countries they decide to which countries they will offer foreign aid? What, if will offer foreign aid? What, if any, conditions will you impose any, conditions will you impose on nations receiving your on nations receiving your help? Will you trust the help? Will you trust the countries receiving money countries receiving money from you to put it to good use, from you to put it to good use, or will you attempt to control or will you attempt to control what is done with it? what is done with it?

How will the less densely How will the less densely populated regions decide populated regions decide from which countries they from which countries they will accept immigrants? will accept immigrants? What if any, conditions will What if any, conditions will you impose on people you impose on people seeking permission to seeking permission to immigrate? Will you accept immigrate? Will you accept only very well educated only very well educated people, or will you base people, or will you base your decision on need—your decision on need—given preference to those given preference to those with the least opportunity in with the least opportunity in their home countries? Or their home countries? Or would it be based solely on would it be based solely on numbers, first-come first-numbers, first-come first-served?served?

In the process of eating In the process of eating the candies, which region the candies, which region

generated the most generated the most empty wrappers? Do you empty wrappers? Do you think this is an accurate think this is an accurate representation of how representation of how much garbage each much garbage each country creates as a country creates as a

function of its wealth and function of its wealth and consumption?consumption?

What does the group think What does the group think should be done about the should be done about the inequitable distribution of wealth inequitable distribution of wealth and consumption of resources? and consumption of resources? Do donor nations have the right Do donor nations have the right or obligation to link aid to certain or obligation to link aid to certain policies that might enable policies that might enable recipient countries to become recipient countries to become self-sufficient in the future? self-sufficient in the future? What might those be?What might those be?

Should rich countries be Should rich countries be required to reduce their required to reduce their consumption levels? How could consumption levels? How could this be encouraged or enforced? this be encouraged or enforced? What should be done about What should be done about environmental problems (acid environmental problems (acid rain, ozone depletion) caused by rain, ozone depletion) caused by one region, but affecting others?one region, but affecting others?

Activity and Statistics provided by:Activity and Statistics provided by:

2006 Population Connection.2006 Population Connection.

A Global Community[1]

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Transcript of A Global Community[1]