A Geospatial Battle Management Language …...A Geospatial Battle Management Language (GeoBML) for...
Transcript of A Geospatial Battle Management Language …...A Geospatial Battle Management Language (GeoBML) for...
Engineer Research and Development Center
A GeoA Geospatialspatial Battle Management Language Battle Management Language (GeoBML) for Terrain Reasoning(GeoBML) for Terrain Reasoning
Presented to the 11th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium
Paper I-110
Dr. Michael HiebDr. Mark PullenMartin Kleiner
Center for C4IGeorge Mason University
Fairfax, Virginia
Michael Powers
Topographic Engineering CenterUS Army Engineer Research and
Development CenterAlexandria, Virginia
Engineer Research and Development Center
Outline
• Assumptions, Requirements and Challenges– Geo-Centric – Force Centric– Net-Centric
• Necessary Conditions for Success– Architectural Framework– Representational Consistency – Battle Management Language
• Computational• Semantic
• Implementing Geospatial Information in a Net-Centric Enterprise– Development of Net-Centric Geospatial Services– Focus on Shared Semantics– Experimentation with Geospatial Information in a Mission Context
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geo-Centric View of Information Beliefs and Assumptions
1. Possesses a ubiquitous quality across C2• Use is often very similar• Stable, sufficient representations is a goal
2. Deserves the same rigor of quality, consistency of representation applied to other battlefield information
• Foundation for shared, common awareness
3a.Terrain and weather are fundamental enabler/constraint to • Combatant and non-combatant behavior• Force, system, sensor and soldier performance
3b.Military operations and behaviors are not random• Basis for relationships among battlespace entities and actors/actions• Organizing the Battlespace in space, time and tactical intent
4. Value F(x) of geo information: Knowledge > Information > Data• Hierarchy of Abstraction• Get out of the data ASAP…………too many reasons to count
Enabling the Commander, Warrior and C2 systemsthrough embeddable geospatial information
Enabling the Commander, Warrior and C2 systemsthrough embeddable geospatial information
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Battle Command Centric(Geospatial Information, Technology)
WMI Services Situation UnderstandingPlanning & PreparationBattle Command &Mission Execution
RoleManager
Agent Authorizer
IntelligentOperatorMonitor
Collaborator
TranslationInterface
Text-Voice, etc)
Report Generator
I/O Services
PresentationTailor
PresentationBuilder
PresentationManager
WMIPrimitives
Visualizer
Task IntegrationNetwork Editor
Intelligent Services
PresentationServices
WMIElementServices
Battle StateAssessor
WeatherService
Object Refinement
SituationRefinement
ThreatRefinement
ReadinessMonitor
AssessorServices
FusionProcess
Refinement
BattlespaceObject Priority
Manager
SUToolset
SUPresentation
BSO UnderstandingServices
SU Tool Services
AirspacePlanner
PlanAssessor
COAPlanner
Tactical Planning
ObjectivePlanner
Ground SpacePlanner
Fires & EffectsPlanner
SensorPlanner
ManeuverAssessor
CommsNetworkPlanner
Resource Planning
SurvivabilityPlanner
SecurityPlanner
Air DefensePlanner
Planning Analysis Services
Terrain Analyzer
AARServices
PPS Support Services
RehearsalServices Simulation
Incoming Order
Processor
Policy Editor
ActionRequester
Command Services
Order, Report& Authorizer
Task Organization
Notification
Manned Ground Vehicle Remote
Operation
UnattendedMunitionsControl
UnmannedPayloadsControl
Common Vehicle Control
UAVControl
UGVControl
Tactical Control
AirspaceControl
GroundSpace Control
UGSControl
Fires & EffectsControl
Embedded Sustainment
PlatformSoldier Mission
Readiness System
Maintenance Planner
AdministrativeServices
Sustainment Info Services
Supply & Distribution
Planner
Force HealthProtectionPlanner
Human ResourceServicesPlanner
Sustainment Planning Services
Threat MonitorService
SustainmentControl Services
Maintenance Manager
Human ResourceServicesManagerSupply
Manager
Distribution Manager
Force HealthProtectionManager
Rear AreaSecurity Manager
SoS COEInteractive / Computational Info ServicesGeo-based Decision Tools
GeoBML and JC3IEDM
Engineer Research and Development Center
Network Centric Challenges
• Bandwidth
– Design impact on actionable geospatial information products
• Minimize the size of all information products• Achieve the best ratio of information value to bandwidth• Minimize the frequency of network transmissions
– Design a persistent quality into product….responsive to dynamic info– Design information products with the broadest application/recipient set
• Computation and Storage
– Design impacts
• Computational abstraction..…develop base information products supporting a broad range of applications
• Build information products with the broadest application / recipient set
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Network Centric Challenges(Design Constraints)
Potential value of a Net-centric force is theoretically N2– Metcalf’s Law
So the bigger the force the better my situational awareness …..right?
– There are some assumptions that must be met
1. There is real potential in all transactions– Geo-information product has utility to the functional C4ISR processes of the
recipient ……. automated systems and soldiers2. All interactions have positive value
– As a function of value: Knowledge > Information > Data– Maximize OHIO / information should be “ready to use”
3. N-way interactions create the most value– Design geo-information product utility for the broadest set of Battlefield Functional
Areas (BFAs), their systems and processes4. There will be both dense and sparse islands of interaction
– Design for varying organizational topologiesDerived from: “Network Centric Warfare, Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority”
Alberts, Garstka and Stein, 1999
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Format / Encoding
Architectural Framework(Terrain and Weather)
RAW
DATA
FACTS
INFORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
UNDERSTANDING
Format/Encoding Format/EncodingFormat/Encoding Format/Encoding
Representation Representation Information KnowledgeGeographic Context Tactical Context
Exploitation Technology Decision Tools Decision ToolsPhotogrammetry
And SpectralTechnology
Net Centric Enterprise ServicesCommercial Joint Mapping ToolkitEnterprise GIS Architecture
Situation Understanding
Models Models Models Models
Fusion Level 420 31C2 Training / Modeling and Simulation
C4ISR Sensor Fusion
Analytic Technologies
Bandwidth Actionable Information
Situational ContextMission Context
Planning and PreparationBattle Command/Mission Execution
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
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Spatial Objects and Representation(Consistent Computational Representation)
Battle Compartment
T0
• Spatially Discrete Organization of the Battlespace– Physical properties of terrain,
organized to stable qualities as related to:
• Spatial hierarchy of tactical employment within the battlescape
– OCOKA, compartment or a position of advantage
– Positions: Def / Attack , Blocking and Battle; Engagement areas, ambush
• Task or Mission (C2IEDM)
• Temporal / Relational Objects– Movement graphs attributes– Task - to - mission relationships– Wx Effects-mobility & sensors
• Every 3 Hrs out to 36 Hrs with 12 Hr updates (IMETS/BFM)
T+ 3n..
Geo-Complex OCOKA
!.
!. Direct FirePositions
!.
!.
MobilityOverwatch
Movement Graph
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Current Spatial Objects for geoBML
Tier 1 Products(Terrain/Military Context)
Natural ObstaclesConcealmentFields of FireCross Country MovementManeuver NetworkMobility CorridorsChokepoints
Tier 2 products (Mission Context)/Tier 3 products (Planned)Avenues of approachAssembly Areas Engagement Areas Tier 2 RoutesBattle Positions Attack positions Axis of AdvanceIndirect Fire Firing Position Assault Positions Attack by Fire Positions Drop ZonesHelicopter Landing Zones
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Semantic Consistency (Potential of a Battle Management Language)
Doct
rine Protocols
XMLWeb Services/Grid Services
Formal Languagewith Syntax and
Semantics
RepresentationCommand & Control
Information ExchangeData Model (C2IEDM)
BML
Engineer Research and Development Center
Why a BML is needed
• Its vocabulary is found in FM 1-02, but it lacks clearly delineated rules governing its use (semantics and syntax).
• It is riddled with ambiguity and overlapping definitions.
• As such, it is incapable of transitioning to the full range of automation that the Army is implementing.
• It will not support the integration of advanced modeling and simulation with “digitized” command and control.
Engineer Research and Development Center
DefinitionBML is an unambiguous language used for the command and control of forces and equipment conducting military operations.
BML is being developed as a standard representation of digitized C2 information for executable plans, orders, Requests and reports
• for military units, • for simulated forces, and• for future robotic forces.
SimulationSystems
Robotic Forces
C2 Systems
C2 Systems
Semantic Consistency (Potential of a Battle Management Language)
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Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (C2IEDM)
Reporting Data
Object-Item
Capability
Object-Type
Location
Action Reporting Data
Object-Item
CapabilityCapability
Object-TypeObject-Type
Location
Action
OBJECT-TYPE OBJECT-ITEM
ORGANIZATION -TYPE
MATERIAL-TYPE
PERSON -TYPE
FACILITY-TYPE
FEATURE-TYPE
ORGANIZATION
MATERIAL
PERSON
FACILITY
FEATURE
OBJECT-TYPE OBJECT-ITEM
ORGANIZATION -TYPE
MATERIAL-TYPE
PERSON -TYPE
FACILITY-TYPE
FEATURE-TYPE
ORGANIZATION
MATERIAL
PERSON
FACILITY
FEATURE
Provides Core C2 SemanticsComprehensiveVery well documented
• Tables• Attributes• Relations
Allows for Extension
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Development of Formal Grammars to Support Coalition Command and Control: A Battle Management Language for
Orders, Requests and Reports
Dr. Michael Hieb
George Mason University
US
Dr. Ulrich Schade
FGAN-FKIE
GERMANY
Presented to the 11th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium
Paper I-069
Engineer Research and Development Center
geoBML is an Unambiguous Language
– Both domain specific and cross-cutting– Defined by the role of actionable
geo-information in the C2
Provides Unification…across– Doctrine and terms
• Explicit vocabulary and grammar• Specific context mapped to operations, missions
and tasks– Explicit Representation
• Consistent extension to the C2IEDM– Standard framework and exchange model
• Computational structure• Both necessary and sufficient for
shared, common understanding– Protocols
• Explicit structure for transmission / sharing
Geo-Environmental Extension to Command & Control Information
ExchangeData Model (C2IEDM / JC3IEDM)
Explicit Computational RepresentationFor Actionable Geospatial
Information
XMLWeb ServicesGrid Services
Terrain, Weatherand Military Eng
Terms
Doct
rine
Representation
ProtocolsgeoBML
Semantic Consistency (geospatial Battle Management Language (geoBML))
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Evolving a geoBMLAssumptions
1. Cohesive Formations occur to execute a tactical task or mission creating a situation
2. Grouping of objects…. So there are subordinate forces (children) forces comprising the Force (target)
3. Cohesive Formation and tasks argue that there are operational relationships required for the task (e.g. fire: complimenting angles and range fans)
4. Possible that there is parent to the target force (F (+))
Situation F (+)
F (+)
F (T)
F (-)
Table of Organizationand Equipment
(TO&E)
Physical Account of the ForceVehicle Type and Count# of unitsSpacingWeaponsRelationships
Situation F (-)
Situation F (T) Syntax and Semantics1. Understand the elements and qualities of the
force being evaluated– Possible Tasks, Activities and Missions– C2IEDM
2. Field Manuals –– TO&E, Physical Conditions and Behaviors– Universal Joint Task List (UJTL)
– Language of Command– Battlefield Operating Systems (BOS)– Tactical Tasks and Missions
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Evolving a geoBML
What Dynamics Impact the Representation1. Weather2. Other Battlefield information3. Persistence of Operational Value
Situation F (+)
F (+)
F (T)
F (-)
Table of Organizationand Equipment
(TO&E)
Physical Account of the ForceVehicle Type and Count# of unitsSpacingWeaponsRelationships
Situation F (-)
Situation F (T)
Computation Constraints1. Data and Information Dependencies
– Product Generation– Time Sensitivity– Computational Time Allowed
– 1 Time, Intervals or at Run Time– Sensitivity to locally held data
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C2IEDM Implementation ofSpatial Objects
object-item
object-item-id
category-code
name
alternate-identification-text
symbol-code
object-item-type
object-item-id
object-type-id
object-item-type-index
reporting-data-id
object-type
object-type-id
category-code
dummy-indicator-code
name
object-item-category-code
object-type-category-code
feature
feature-id
category-code
control-feature
control-feature-id
category-code
feature-type
feature-type-id
category-code
control-feature-type
control-feature-type-id
category-code
spatial-object
spatial-object-id
Key
Currently Exists in C2IEDM
BML additions
Additions to capture SOs
feature-category-code
control-feature-category-code
feature-type-category-code
An OBJECT-TYPE that encompasses
meteorological, geographic, and control
features of military significance.
An individually identified class of objects that has
military significance.
A nontangible FEATURE-TYPE of military interest that
may be represented as a geometric figure and is
associated with the conduct of military operations.
A nontangible FEATURE of military interest that is
administratively specified, may be represented by a geometric figure, and is associated with
the conduct of military operations.
An OBJECT-ITEM that encompasses meteorological,
geographic, and control features of military significance.
An individually identified object that
has military significance. A record of the perceived
condition of a specific OBJECT-ITEM as a
specific OBJECT-TYPE
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object-item-location
object-item-id
location-id
accuracy-quantity
bearing-angle
speed-rate
speed-accuracy-rate
use-category-code
reporting-id
status-code
C2IEDM Implementation
spatial-object
spatial-object-id
category-code
access-to-objective-area
area-of-interest (object item id)
concealment
direction-of-attack
effected-control-measure (action effect item)
engagement-area (object item id)
exclusion
friendly-maneuver-plan (action functional association index)
geometry
location (location id)
LOS-to-objective-area
maneuver-graph
mobility-network
objective-area (action objective item)
observation-field-of-fire
orientation
reference-id
size (unit type size code)
type-solver
unit-type (unit type echelon code)
vehicle-type (equipment type)
weapon-type (equipment type)
weighted-cost
object-item-association
subject-object-item-id
object-object-item-id
object-item-association-index
category-code
subcategory-code
task-id
spatial-object-status
spatial-object-status-id
object-item-status-index
Etc.
object-item-status
object-item-id
object-item-status-ix
category-code
hostility-code
booby-trap-indicator-code
emission-control-code
reporting-data-id
control-feature-status
control-feature-status-id
object-item-status-index
investigation-status-code
mine-presence-code
recirculation-indicator-code
surface-condition-code
surface-firmness-code
control-feature-status-category-code
(Spatial Objects defined)
location
location-id
location-category-code
Key
Currently Exists in C2IEDM
BML additions
Additions to capture SOs
Engineer Research and Development Center
SO Product Usage
Division7 Step MDMP
Bde7 Step MDMP
Bn TF7 Step MDMP
Tier 2 SO’s
Tier 2 SO’s
Tier 2 SO’s
Tier 1 Products
Tier 3 SO’s
Tier 3 SO’s
Tier 3 SO’sMDMP – Military Decision Making Process
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Demonstration Architecture(Proof of Concept)
geoBMLC2IEDM
CommandersSupport
Environment
BattlespaceTerrain
Reasoning &AnalysisSystem
BML GUI
Web Service Interface
RoutePlanner
OTBTasksGraphicsUnits
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Example Spatial Objects
Enemy Situation(Tier 2 Engagement Areas)
Courses of Action(Tier 2 Routes)
Digital Plan / OPORDER(geoBML)
Simulation
C2 System
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What this can mean for a Coalition
MIP Services Layer C/JMTK
MIPDEM
BML
A Common Operational Picture
C2 BusinessLogic
Other Business Logics
GML
Web Services
HLA / DIS
Web Services
HLA / DIS
Operational DBsGeodatabaseJC3IEDM
US Systems CoalitionSystems
EmbeddedSimulation
COTS / NGA / CJMTK
geoBML
MIP / COTS / DoD
Engineer Research and Development Center
Partial BML Portfolio
• Growing community of investment– Shared belief that BML is a necessary component of Net-Centric Operations
• Challenges– Technological infrastructure enabling distributed, multi-national development
and extension of BML• Operational Domains and specific requirements of National entities
– Capability to maintain the integrity of the JC3IEDM
Specification Ground Air Naval Implementation Software Services International
Coalition BML X X X X X X
NATO-WG X X X
JBML X X X X X X
geoBML X X X
XBML X X X X
Army BML X X
AO BML X X
MIP/JC3IEDM X X X X X
Engineer Research and Development Center
Summary
• Network-Centric Operations require a change in paradigm for the employment of actionable geospatial information
• Digital Maps are not enough– Move beyond concepts of maps as the “wallpaper” of the COP– Actionable geo-information and decision tools need to empower C2 activities
at the appropriate level of semantic and syntax representation– BML / geoBML is a formalization of C2 Information and representation
• Allows Commanders to access the right environmental information to accomplish their intent
– Spatial Objects forming geoBML will enable reasoning to adapt to both changed missions and a variety of terrain and environmental data
• Geospatial information and implementation concepts have achieved a state of maturity that merits inclusion in the Net-Centric Enterprise
Carry the right battlespace knowledge……you carry the day