A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence
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A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence NECSI Winter School Project, 2009 Kawandeep Virdee Marcos Gaudiano Marco Lagi
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Every society has structures which influence collective behavior. With all of the possible configurations of people in a population, the question emerges for designers of how to implement a method to use the collective information and create a successful design solution. We show how the fractal shape can emerge from a generative process that takes information on the scale of individuals or groups, and uses it to design a permanent infrastructure on the scale of a city. In this sense, we grow cities consisting of individuals and roads, starting from just individuals.
Transcript of A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence
A Generative Method for Infrastructure Emergence!
NECSI Winter School Project, 2009!
Kawandeep!Virdee!
Marcos!Gaudiano!
Marco!Lagi!
Overview!Complex Systems!
1/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
1. !Introduction to Design and Complexity!
2. !Rules for Emergence of Infrastructure!
3. !Varying the Parameters!
4. !Summary!
Assumption: !city growth shows a fractal behavior!
Question:! !what set of rules would produce such an effect?!
Design and Complexity!Inspiration!
2/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Inspiration!
Collective!Intelligence!
Self-Organizing Systems as Designers!
Architecture!
Emergence as a Design Method!
Human-Environment Interaction!
Design and Complexity!Goal!
3/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
If we study the patterns of interaction, !
we can design a better world!
Design and Complexity!Compex dynamics of design!
4/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Design and Complexity!Compex dynamics of design!
4/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Rules for Emergent Infrastructure!Cells!
5/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
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"*,(5-!-(#)*.!)/,(*0!!
Rules for Emergent Infrastructure!Cells!
5/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
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+,,!#)*&!-(#)*.!)/,(*0!,/!%,,!123!-(#)*.!)/,(*0!4,%!2*,(5-!
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"*,(5-!-(#)*.!)/,(*0!,/!2*,(5-!-(#)*.!8!/,)0!!)/,(*0!
Rules for Emergent Infrastructure!Humans!
6/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Birth Rule!
Death Rule!
If there is a road, it counts as 2 humans (but Death Rule doesnʼt apply)!
Modification of the Game of Life!
Rules for Emergent Infrastructure!Roads!
7/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
range-not!
range!
If Humans {range} – A*Roads {range-not} > threshold!
Build a Road!!
3 parameters:!
1) range!2) range-not!3) threshold!
2 agents:!
1) Humans (mortal, mobile)!2) Roads (permanent, immobile)!
Varying the parameters!Range and Range-not!
8/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
range-not!
range!
Varying the parameters!The City!
9/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
8, 7, 23!
fractal dimension D = 1.77 !
Self-similarity,!Recursion…!
Itʼs a fractal!!
Varying the parameters!Calculating the fractal dimension!
10/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Box-counting method!
5
4
3
2
log
(N)
-4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5log (1/!)
Varying the parameters!Different geometries!
11/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
2, 8, 6!
D = 1.63 ! D = 1.60 !
5, 4, 20!
D = 1.62 !
8, 7, 23!
New York City (NY): !D = 1.70 (maximum)!Omaha (NE):! ! !D = 1.28 (minimum) !
Varying the parameters!Time dependence!
12/13
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
2, 8, 6!
D = 0.97! D = 1.40! D = 1.63! time!
Baltimore (MD): ! !D = 1.02 (1822); !D = 1.72 (1992) !
Summary!Complex Systems!
13/13
1. !
2. !
3. !!
4. !!
1. !Design and Complexity!2. !Rules!3. !Varying the parameters!4. !Summary!
Real cities grow like fractals!
A simple set of rules built on the Game of Life can reproduce such a behavior!
Their fractal dimension grows over time, reaching an equilibrium value around D ~ 1.6 – 1.8!
The geometry of the city can be changed varying just 3 parameters !
