A Few of Our Favorite Herbs - University Of Maryland › sites › extension.umd.edu...The Complete...

A Few of

Our

Favorite

HerbsHeather Whirley and Pat Kenny

Montgomery County

Master Gardeners

Copyright: Heather’s Herbs

Source: Heather’s Herbs

http://davesgarden.com/guides/freeze-frost-dates/

http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/

Essential Herbs


Define Herbs

Detail 15 Herbs to Grow

Discuss How to Harvest & Uses

Sage

A Few of our Favorite Herbs

What is an Herb?

Purposeful Plants

Copyright: Heather’s HerbsCopyright: Heather’s Herbs Copyright: Heather’s Herbs

Why Herbs?

Attractive Plants

Great for Pollination

Add Flavor to Food

Deer Resistant Landscaping

Therapeutic & Health Benefits

Useful Plants

ANNUALS


Ocimum basilicum(basil)

Anethumgraveolens (dill)

Satureja hortensis(summer savory)

Summer Savory

Ocimum basilicum (basil)

ANNUAL


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Making_pesto.jpg

http://pixabay.com/en/photos/basil/

http://www.public-domain-image.com/animals/insects/bee/slides/bee-pollinating-the-basil-on-my-balcony.html

Ocimum basilicum (basil) Heat-loving plant

Start from seed indoors 4-6 weeks before last frost (April)

Plant outdoors after May 15th

Prune stems before flowering for ultimate flavor and to keep plant bushy

“Genovese” or Sweet Basil cultivar popular for cooking

Many other varieties available – Cinnamon, Purple Ruffles, Holy Basil, Thai Basil, Lime Basil, Lemon Basil, Anise Basil

ANNUAL

Anethum graveolens (dill)

ANNUAL



Source: Flickr labeled for

non-commercial use on Google

Images

Anethum graveolens (dill)

Prefers cooler weather

Member of the parsley family

Easily sow seed outside in early spring

Will self seed readily

Can use feathery leaves in cooking

Entire seed heads used in pickles

Host plant for swallowtail larvae

ANNUAL

Satureja hortensis

(summer savory)

ANNUAL


Source: Wikipedia

Satureja hortensis

(summer savory) Easy to grow from seed in alkaline soil

Prefers full sun

Begin harvesting when plants reach 6 inches tall

After flowering, whole plant can be harvested and dried

Species is milder in flavor than Winter Savory

IHA Year of the Savories

ANNUAL

PERENNIALS


Allium schoenoprasum(chives)

Salvia officinalis (sage)

Mints: Mentha x piperita(peppermint) & Mentha

spicata (spearmint)

Thymus vulgaris (thyme)

Sage

Allium schoenoprasum

(chives)

PERENNIAL



Allium schoenoprasum

(chives) In the onion family

Sow seed or plant clumps of bulbs

Cut outside leaves for use in salads, to top

potatoes

If left to flower, can be used as garnish, to

make pink chive vinegar or dried for

arrangements

Prefers cooler weather – comes up in

early Spring

PERENNIAL

Salvia officinalis (Sage)

PERENNIAL



Salvia officinalis (Sage) Prune deadwood in late winter/early spring

3 popular varieties for garden and kitchen

Grows best in rich, well-draining soil

Can be grown from seed

Harvest leaves for fresh use or dry whole

bunches

Used to flavor pork and poultry and widely

used in sausages

Has antioxidant and antibacterial properties

PERENNIAL

Mentha x piperita

(Peppermint)

PERENNIAL


Mentha x piperita

(Peppermint) Use caution with mint – plant in container

Mentha stems generally square in shape

Hybridize easily – space different varieties apart from each other

Cuttings root easily – can grow 2-4 feet

Harvest sprigs of leaves before flowering

Flavor teas, candies, jellies

High essential oil content used in aromatherapy

PERENNIAL

Mentha spicata

(spearmint)

PERENNIAL

Copyright: Heather’s Herbs Copyright: Heather’s Herbs

Source: Wikipedia

Source: PK

Mentha spicata (spearmint)

Leaves are acute, lance shaped, wrinkled

& bright green

Flowers are whorls or rings forming slender

tapering spikes, pinkish or lilac in color

Loves water, especially in containers

Prefers shade at the roots, sun on leaves

Popular in teas, as a toothpaste flavoring,

aromatherapy and therapeutic uses

PERENNIAL

Thymus vulgaris (Thyme)

PERENNIAL

Copyright: Heather’s Herbs Copyright: Heather’s Herbs

Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) Thrive in full sun, well-draining, near-

neutral soil

Propagate by division, layering or cuttings

Harvest sprigs for drying or fresh

Widely popular for culinary uses

Many varieties for upright or creeping or

ground cover

Thymol compound in Thyme gives it anti-

microbial properties in herbal medicine

PERENNIAL

PERENNIALS


Origanum vulgare (oregano)

Artemisia dracunculus(tarragon)

Lavandula angustifolia(lavender)

Satureja montana

(winter savory)

Origanum vulgare

(oregano)

PERENNIAL

Copyright: Heather’s Herbs Source: PK

After

harvest

Repotting

Origanum vulgare (oregano)

In the Mint Family and spreads readily

Leaves being fuzzy – for culinary uses, mostly

dried and preserved

Popular in Italian, Greek and Mexican dishes

Origanum majorana (sweet marjoram) is a

cousin (same Genus, different species) and

used more often fresh

Easy to grow well-established plant varieties

rather than seeds

PERENNIAL

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origanum

Artemisia dracunculus ‘Sativa’

(French tarragon)

PERENNIAL

Artemisia dracunculus ‘Sativa’

(French tarragon) Variety ‘Sativa’ refers to French Tarragon

Does not grow from seed, buy small plant

from reliable grower

Plant in well-draining soil in a sunny spot and

thrives on dryness

Must have a cold, dormant period of at least

6 weeks

Harvest often, will lose most flavor when dried

Anise-flavored leaves

PERENNIAL

Lavandula angustifolia

(Lavender)

PERENNIAL

Source: Wikipedia

Lavandula angustifolia

(Lavender)

“Hidcote” or “Munstead” are recommended varieties for culinary use

Requires space and air circulation – never water foliage

Mostly used in aromatherapy and in herbal medicine to promote relaxation

English lavender used as landscaping shrub

Deer-resistant and excellent pollen source for bees

Harvest deep-purple stems before buds open, strip leaves and hang to dry

PERENNIAL

Satureja montana

(winter savory)


PERENNIAL

Source: Wikipedia

Satureja montana

(winter savory) Buy a well-grown plant

Put in well-drained, composted soil in full to part-sun

It becomes a shrub – refrain from pruning in Sept/Oct to help overwinter

Same harvesting and uses as summer savory

Used as dried herb in mixes

Peppery, strong flavor – summer is milder

PERENNIAL

TENDER PERENNIAL


Rosmarinusofficinalis

(Rosemary)

Rosmarinus officinalis

(Rosemary)

Tender Perennial


Rosmarinus officinalis

(Rosemary) “Arp”, “Salem”, “Herb Cottage”, “Hill

Hardy” varieties found to be hardy

Can be overwintered indoors

Propagate by cuttings or layering

Prune stems to shape shrub and hang

bunches to dry

Fresh or dried, known for its piney scent

Deer-resistant landscaping shrub

Tender Perennial

BIENNIAL


Petroselinum crispum

(parsley) –curly & Italian

Petroselinum crispum (parsley)

– curly & Italian

BIENNIAL

Source: Flikr

Eastern Tiger Swallowtail

Petroselinum crispum (parsley)

– curly & Italian

Can be seeded in the garden in Autumn or planted in spring

Prefers cooler temperatures

Harvest leaves as needed throughout season

Grow extra to share with Swallowtail Butterfly larvae

Curly used more often as garnish, Italian variety preferred by chefs

BIENNIAL

BULBS/RHIZOMES


Foeniculum vulgare(fennel)

Allium sativum (garlic)

Zingiber officinalis(ginger)

Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel)



Parasitic Wasp Attracted to Fennel Umbels

BULB

Florence Fennel

Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel)

Copyright: Heather’s HerbsCopyright: Heather’s Herbs

Close relative & look-alike to dill (but myth

that they cross-pollinate is wrong - different

genera)

Can grow up to 6 feet tall and withstand

drought conditions

Self seeds easily

Leaves, side stems, yellow blossoms, umbel

seeds and bulbs are used (entire plant)

Another parsley family member that attracts

swallowtail larvae

BULB or TAPROOT

Allium sativum

(Garlic)

Source: PK

BULB

Source: PK

Allium sativum (Garlic)


Hardneck vs. Softneck Varieties

Plant in October or November

Harvest in July or August

Requires day length of less than 13 hours and temperatures below 40 degrees for 6-8 weeks

Very popular cooking herb

Beneficial antimicrobial properties when fresh cloves crushed to release allicin(health-promoting sulfur compound)

Dry them on a screen in a dark, airy place for several days

BULB

Zingiber officinalis

(Ginger)


RHIZOME

Zingiber officinalis (Ginger)

RHIZOME


Tropical plant in our area and rarely blossoms

A smooth skinned rhizome from the grocery store can be put in soil and put in full sun –may sprout in four weeks

Must be overwintered inside

Harvest when rhizome growth is reached, 8 to 12 months

Fresh Ginger root is used in cooking, can be pickled and crystallized and dried and crushed

Health benefits include anti-nausea properties

Herbs vs. Spices


A Few More of our Favorite

Herbs…Healing Hibiscus sabdariffa (hibiscus)

Viola odorata (sweet violet)

Taraxacum officinalis (dandelion)

Passiflora incarnata (passionflower)

Eschscholzia californica (California poppy)

Echinacea angustifolia(echinacea/coneflower)

Calendula officinalis (calendula)

Aloe barbadensis (aloe)

Research – Use Wisely

And a Few More…Beverage

Matricaria recutita

(chamomile)

Ocimum sanctum (holy basil)

Melissa officinalis (lemon balm)

Aloysia triphylla (lemon verbena)

Monarda didyma (bee balm)

Humulus lupulus (hops)

Have a Cup of Tea

Ok…more…Culinary

Laurus nobilis (sweet bay, grecian bay)

Levisticum officinalis (lovage)

Carum carvi (caraway)

Agastache foeniculm (anise hyssop)

Anthriscus cerefolium (chervil)

Borago officinalis (borage)

Coriandrum sativum (cilantro)

Flavor Food

Seed Starting

http://www.herbsociety.org/resources/t4k/starting-

herbs-from-seeds.html

http://extension.umd.edu/hgic/resource-

library/video-library

Seed, Sprout, Leaf, Flower

Local Herb Gardens to Visit

Take a Trip

The Green Farmacy Garden in Fulton, MD

(by appointment only) thegreenfarmacygarden.com

Blueberry Gardens in Ashton, MD

www.blueberrygardens.org

National Herb Garden in the US National Arboretum

http://www.usna.usda.gov/Gardens/collections/herb.html

National Herb Garden in the

U.S. National Arboretum

Visit a National Treasure

3501 New York Avenue, N.E. at Bladensburg RoadOpen Fridays through Mondays from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm; Closed to the

public Tuesday through Thursday and December 25th. Admission is free.

Herb Society of America

herbsociety.org

Associations to Join

IHA Herb of the Year: Savories

Herb Magazines

Herb Quarterly

Mother Earth News

Mother Earth Living

(formerly The Herb Companion)

Subscriptions

Herb CatalogsDeBaggio Herbs, Chantilly, VA

http://www.debaggioherbs.com/

Filaree Farm, Okanogan, WA

http://www.filareefarm.com/

Richters Herbs, Goodwood, ON, Canada

https://www.richters.com/

The Grower’s Exchange, Charles City, VA

www.thegrowers-exchange.com

Send Me a Catalog!

Recipe Sites http://allrecipes.com/recipes/ingredients/her

bs-and-spices/herbs

http://www.marthastewart.com/274306/favor

ite-herb-recipes/@center/276995/marthas-

culinary-herb-garden

http://www.sunset.com/food-wine/kitchen-

assistant/herb-recipes

http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/article

s/guide-to-fresh-herbs.html

http://www.freshherbs.com/

From Garden to Kitchen

http://allrecipes.com/recipes/ingredients/herbs-and-spices/herbs

http://www.marthastewart.com/274306/favorite-herb-recipes/@center/276995/marthas-culinary-herb-garden

http://www.sunset.com/food-wine/kitchen-assistant/herb-recipes

http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/articles/guide-to-fresh-herbs.html

http://www.freshherbs.com/

References Balick, Michael J. Rodale’s 21st Century Herbal-A

Practical Guide to Healthy Living Using Nature’s Most Powerful Plants. Rodale/NYC NY, 2014.

Foster, Steven. Herbal Renaissance-Growing-Using & Understanding Herbs In The Modern World.Gibbs-Smith Publisher/Salt Lake City, 1994.

Garland, Sarah. The Complete Book of Herbs & Spices. Reader’s Digest/Pleasantville, NY, 1993

Michalak, Patricia S. Rodale’s Successful Organic Gardening HERBS. Rodale Press, Emmaus, PA, 1993

Tucker, Arthur O. and Thomas DeBaggio. The Encyclopedia of Herbs-A Comprehensive Reference to Herbs of Flavor and Fragrance. Timber Press/Portland OR, 2009.

Read and Read More

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