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A. Ermakov, W. Singer, X. Singer
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Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers 22603 Hamburg, Germany www.desy.de, www.xfel.eu Unloaded Quality Factor Q o of Prototype European XFEL Cavities, Large Grain and Hydroformed Cavities A. Ermakov, W. Singer, X. Singer Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Abstract The comparative analysis of unloaded quality factor Q 0 (at 1 MV/m; 5 MV/m), residual surface resistance R res , medium field (5- 20 MV/m) Q slope γ of different types of cavities (Fine Grain, Large Grain, Single Crystal, Hydroformed - 1, 9-cell cavities) of different treatment procedures (BCP, EP, Baking, HPR etc.), different Nb supplier and cavities producers was done based on available RF data (DESY Database) [1]. The purpose is to find the relationship between the parameters describing the behavior of Q 0 and main treatments procedures as well as the different types of cavities and Nb suppliers. Figure 1: Large grain, hydroformed 9-cells, large & fine grain 1 cell cavities series AC112-114, 151-158; 1DE3-1DE18; 1DE20-21; 1AC3-1AC7 after BCP+EP. Different Nb supplier. TUP024 References [1] P.D. Gall, A. Gössel, V. Gubarev, A Database for Superconducting Cavities for the TESLA Test Facility, Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on RF Superconductivity, Lübeck/Travemünder, Germany, 2003, TUP12 [2] J. Halbritter, “RF Residual Losses, High Electric and Magnetic RF Fields in Superconducting Cavities”, 38th Eloisitron Workshop, Erice, Italy, 1999. [3] W. Singer et al., Preparation Phase for 1.3 GHz Cavity Production of the European XFEL, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan, May 23–28, THOARA02 [4] W. Singer, S. Aderhold, A. Ermakov, J. Iversen, D. Kostin, G. Kreps, A. Matheisen, W.-D. Moller, D. Reschke, X. Singer, K. Twarowski, H. Weise, H.-G. Brokmeier, Development of Large Grain Cavities, Phys. Rev. STAB 16 (2013) , 012003-1 [5] W. Singer, A. Ermakov, G. Kreps, A. Matheisen, X. Singer, K. Twarowski, I. Zhelezov, P. Kneisel,. R. Crooks, Nine - Cell Tesla Shape Cavities Produced from Hydroformed Cells, 15th International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF 2011), Chicago, July 25-29, USA Fine grain (FG) 9-cells cavities (EXFEL Prototype) 35 fine grain 9-cells cavities series AC115-150 (Research Instruments GmbH, RI) and Z130-144 (Ettore Zanon S.p.A., EZ) designed as prototype EXFEL cavities having the following treatment sequence according to EXFEL recipe: EP removal of a 110- 140 µm, outside BCP etching, following by final EP of 40-50 μm, ultra-pure high-pressure water rinsing (HPR), 120°C bake or alternatively a final Flash BCP of 10 µm, HPR and 120°C bake [3]. Large grain (LG) 9-cells cavities (EXFEL Prototype) 11 large grain cavities 1.3 GHz TESLA shape cavities series AC112-AC114 & AC151-AC158 (producer RI; Nb supplier Heraeus). Sequence of treatments applied in DESY: BCP of inside surface, final BCP and EP removal of inside surface followed by baking [4]. Cavity AC114 removed from analysis due to its strong performance degradation after EP. Fine grain, Large Grain & Single Crystal 1-cells cavities 18 fine grain 1 cell cavities series 1DE1-1DE18 have the similar treatment recipe (BCP; EP, Baking, HPR). 2 single crystal 1-cell cavities: BCP; EP (1AC6 and 1AC8) (producers: RI; Nb suppliers: CBMM & Heraeus) and 6 LG 1 cells cavities 1AC3-1AC7, 1DE20-21. The similar treatment sequence (EP & BCP) for cavities 1DE20-21; 1AC3-1AC5; 1AC7. Hydroformed 9-cells cavities 3 hydroformed by DESY 9 cell cavities (Z145, Z163, Z164): BCP, EP, BCP Flash (Z145); BCP, EP (Z163); BCP, EP (+250 µm removed during first preparation stage) (Z164) [5]. Unloaded quality factor Q 0 , surface residual resistance R res and medium field Q slope γ vs. different treatments (EP, BCP, final EP, BCP flash), different Nb suppliers and different types of cavities (SC, FG, LG) is presented on Fig. 1-4. Figure 2: Large grain 9-cells; fine & large grain 1 cell cavities series AC112-114, AC151-158, 1DE3-1DE7; 1DE20-21, 1AC3-1AC7. Nb - Fa. Heraeus. Figure 3 (a,b): FG 9-cell cavities series Z131-144 (EZ), AC116-150 (RI) after EP final (a) & BCP flash (b). Nb-Fa. Tokyo Denkai Figure 4: SC, FG & LG 1-cell & FG, LG 9-cell cavities (BCP+EP; EP+BCP flash): different Nb-suppliers & CVs producers. Summary Statistical analysis of Q 0 , R res and medium field Q slope γ of FG, LG-1;9 cell cavities (Fig.1) after BCP+EP shows a relatively high values of Q 0 (5 MV/m) (< Q 0 >=2,74*10 10 ) for large grain cavities in comparison with fine and large grain 1 cell cavities. Average value <Q 0 > = 2,18*10 10 for FG 1-cell CVs is a bit lower as for LG 1-cell CVs (<Q 0 >= 2,38*10 10 ). Q 0 values for 2 hydroformed cavities (Z145, 163) lies in the middle values field. For this type of comparison we assume that cavities producer and Nb supplier have no influence on cavity performance. Surface residual resistance doesn’t change significantly for whole set except cavity AC158 consequently observed the relatively high value of γ for this cavity. Q slope γ also shows a high values for AC154 & AC157 and for 1 cell FG CVs 1DE8 & 1DE11. For hydroformed cavities Z145, 163 medium field Q slope has a low values. Fig. 2 shows the same set of cavities limited only by one Nb supplier (Heraeus). Average values of quality factor (1; 5 MV/m) of FG & LG 1-cell cavities have a bit lower magnitude in compare with data for Nb suppliers (PLANSEE, Cabot, Ningxia OTIC) (see Fig.1). The low field Q increase clearly come out to be small for 1 cell FG cavities. Different types of treatments (EP+BCP flash or EP+final EP) for EXFEL prototype cavities (EZ & RI; Nb supplier – Fa. Tokyo Denkai) show the same range of quality factors at E acc =1; 5 MV/m (Fig. 3). Residual surface resistance and Q slope γ for cavities after final EP shows a bit high scattering compared to cavities after BCP flash. The quality factor Q 0 doesn’t depend significantly on Nb- supplier and CVs producer for 1;9-cell cavities (Fig. 4). SC 1-cell cavity 1AC8 shows slightly low value of Q 0 (Nb: Heraeus) while another SC cavity 1AC6 (Nb: CBMM) have a high value compared with another LG & FG 1-cell cavities. Parameter γ has a wide distribution for LG 9-cell cavities in comparison to 1-cell cavities having the same treatment type and Nb supplier. Introduction The curves Q 0 vs. E acc show 3 distinct regions. At low fields below 5 MV/m often can be seen an increase of Q 0 in fields below 20-25 MV/m followed by slow degradation of Q 0 (medium field Q slope) then by rapid decrease of quality factor (Q drop). Medium field Q-slope in field range 5-20 MV/m was estimated according to model of Halbritter [2]. The reasons for increasing of the surface resistance with increasing of RF field according to his model is the thermal impedance between the inner surface of the cavity and the thermal bath, cooling the outer surface of the cavity. Surface resistance R s can be expressed as quadratic function of B p (B p =k*E acc ): R s (T, B p )= R s (T)[ 1+γ(T)(B p /B c ) 2 +O(B p 4 )], where R s =R bcs (T)+R res , B c =200 mT- thermodynamic critical field at T=0. The medium field Q-slope is presented by the parameter γ(T)≈R bcs (T)B c 2 Δ/2kT 2 (d/k+R k ), where k and R k are the niobium thermal conductivity and Kapitza resistance respectively, d is the wall thickness. The distribution of Q 0 (1;5 MV/m), R res and medium field Q-slope γ (in fields below 20 MV/m) is statistically compared through the whole set of studied cavities. 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 AC 112 AC113 AC 151 AC 152 AC 153 AC 154 AC 155 AC 156 AC157 AC 158 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Q 0 (5 M V/m ) Z145 Z163 FG ,1 cell H F,9 cell LG ,1 cell LG ,9 cell 1D E20 1D E21 1AC3 1AC4 1AC5 1AC7 1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1DE10 1DE11 1DE12 1DE13 1DE14 1DE15 1DE16 1DE17 1DE18 FG ,1 cell H F,9 cell LG ,9 cell LG ,1 cell R res [ ] Large grain 1;9-cell; H ydroform ed 9-cell; Fine grain 1-cell; BCP+EP Q slope 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 AC120 AC 122 AC 124 AC 125 AC 126 AC 127 AC 150 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 EZ RI Q 0 (1;5 M V/m ) Q 0 (5 M V/m ) Q 0 (1 M V/m ) Z130 Z131 Z132 Z134 Z136 Z137 Z139 Z141 Z142 Z143 Z144 EZ RI Fine grain 9-cell (R I;EZ) N b:Fa Tokyo D enkai EP+ finalEP R res [ ] RI EZ RI EZ Q slope 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 AC 116 AC 117 AC 118 AC 119 AC 121 AC 123 AC 128 AC 129 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Q 0 (5 M V/m ); Q 0 (1 M V/m ); Q 0 (1;5MV/m) Z133 Z135 Z138 Z140 EZ EZ Fine grain 9-cell (R I;EZ) N b:Fa Tokyo D enkai EP+B C P flash RI Q slope EZ RI 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 RI EZ RI R res [ ] 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 1AC6 1A C 8 1D E20 1D E21 -- 1AC3 1A C 4 1A C 5 1AC7 1DE3 1DE5 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1D E10 1D E11 1D E12 1D E13 1D E14 1D E15 1D E 16 1D E17 1D E18 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 CBMM Large grain Plansee Ningxia C abot Q 0 Q 0 (1 M V/m ) Q 0 (5 M V/m ) H eraeus SC,FG ,LG 1 cell BCP+EP Fine grain SC Giredm et DESY R res [ ] D ESY fabrication RI RI Q slope CVs RI 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 AC1 1 2 AC113 AC151 AC1 52 AC 153 AC1 5 4 AC155 AC156 AC157 AC 158 -- Z133 Z135 Z138 Z1 40 -- AC116 AC1 17 AC 118 AC 119 AC 120 AC12 1 AC123 AC1 28 AC12 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 CVs E.Zanon RI Large G rain Q 0 Q 0 (1 M V/m ) Q 0 (5 M V/m ) H eraeus LG 9 cell BCP+EP Tokyo D enkai Fine G rain RI FG 9 cell EP +B C P flash R res [ ] Q slope AC 112 AC113 AC 151 AC152 AC 153 AC 154 AC155 AC 156 AC157 AC158 1x10 10 2x10 10 3x10 10 4x10 10 0 1x10 -8 2x10 -8 3x10 -8 AC 112 AC113 AC 151 AC 152 AC153 AC 154 AC155 AC 156 AC 157 AC158 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1D E20 1DE21 1AC3 1AC4 1AC5 1AC7 FG ,1 cell LG ,9 cell LG ,1 cell , , Q 0 (1 M V/m ) , , Q 0 (5 M V/m ) 1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1D E10 1D E11 Q 0 (1;5M V/m ) R res [ ] Large grain 1;9-cell; Fine grain 1-cell; LG 1 cell H eraeus BCP+EP LG ,9 cell LG ,9 cell LG ,1 cell FG ,1 cell Q slope
description
Unloaded Quality Factor Q o of Prototype European XFEL Cavities, Large Grain and Hydroformed Cavities. TUP024. A. Ermakov, W. Singer, X. Singer Deutsches Elektronen -Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Abstract - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of A. Ermakov, W. Singer, X. Singer
Deutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronHelmholtz Association of German Research Centers22603 Hamburg, Germanywww.desy.de, www.xfel.eu
Unloaded Quality Factor Qo of Prototype European XFEL Cavities, Large Grain and Hydroformed CavitiesA. Ermakov, W. Singer, X. SingerDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
Abstract The comparative analysis of unloaded quality factor Q0 (at 1 MV/m; 5 MV/m), residual surface resistance Rres, medium field (5-20 MV/m) Q slope γ of different types of cavities (Fine Grain, Large Grain, Single Crystal, Hydroformed - 1, 9-cell cavities) of different treatment procedures (BCP, EP, Baking, HPR etc.), different Nb supplier and cavities producers was done based on available RF data (DESY Database) [1]. The purpose is to find the relationship between the parameters describing the behavior of Q0 and main treatments procedures as well as the different types of cavities and Nb suppliers.
Figure 1: Large grain, hydroformed 9-cells, large & fine grain 1 cell cavities series AC112-114, 151-158; 1DE3-1DE18; 1DE20-21; 1AC3-1AC7 after BCP+EP. Different Nb supplier.
TUP024
References[1] P.D. Gall, A. Gössel, V. Gubarev, A Database for Superconducting Cavities for the TESLA Test Facility, Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on RF Superconductivity, Lübeck/Travemünder, Germany, 2003, TUP12[2] J. Halbritter, “RF Residual Losses, High Electric and Magnetic RF Fields in Superconducting Cavities”, 38th Eloisitron Workshop, Erice, Italy, 1999.[3] W. Singer et al., Preparation Phase for 1.3 GHz Cavity Production of the European XFEL, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan, May 23–28, THOARA02[4] W. Singer, S. Aderhold, A. Ermakov, J. Iversen, D. Kostin, G. Kreps, A. Matheisen, W.-D. Moller, D. Reschke, X. Singer, K. Twarowski, H. Weise, H.-G. Brokmeier, Development of Large Grain Cavities, Phys. Rev. STAB 16 (2013) , 012003-1[5] W. Singer, A. Ermakov, G. Kreps, A. Matheisen, X. Singer, K. Twarowski, I. Zhelezov, P. Kneisel,. R. Crooks, Nine - Cell Tesla Shape Cavities Produced from Hydroformed Cells, 15th International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF 2011), Chicago, July 25-29, USA
Fine grain (FG) 9-cells cavities (EXFEL Prototype) 35 fine grain 9-cells cavities series AC115-150 (Research Instruments GmbH, RI) and Z130-144 (Ettore Zanon S.p.A., EZ) designed as prototype EXFEL cavities having the following treatment sequence according to EXFEL recipe: EP removal of a 110-140 µm, outside BCP etching, following by final EP of 40-50 μm, ultra-pure high-pressure water rinsing (HPR), 120°C bake or alternatively a final Flash BCP of 10 µm, HPR and 120°C bake [3]. Large grain (LG) 9-cells cavities (EXFEL Prototype) 11 large grain cavities 1.3 GHz TESLA shape cavities series AC112-AC114 & AC151-AC158 (producer RI; Nb supplier Heraeus). Sequence of treatments applied in DESY: BCP of inside surface, final BCP and EP removal of inside surface followed by baking [4]. Cavity AC114 removed from analysis due to its strong performance degradation after EP. Fine grain, Large Grain & Single Crystal 1-cells cavities 18 fine grain 1 cell cavities series 1DE1-1DE18 have the similar treatment recipe (BCP; EP, Baking, HPR). 2 single crystal 1-cell cavities: BCP; EP (1AC6 and 1AC8) (producers: RI; Nb suppliers: CBMM & Heraeus) and 6 LG 1 cells cavities 1AC3-1AC7, 1DE20-21. The similar treatment sequence (EP & BCP) for cavities 1DE20-21; 1AC3-1AC5; 1AC7. Hydroformed 9-cells cavities 3 hydroformed by DESY 9 cell cavities (Z145, Z163, Z164): BCP, EP, BCP Flash (Z145); BCP, EP (Z163); BCP, EP (+250 µm removed during first preparation stage) (Z164) [5]. Unloaded quality factor Q0, surface residual resistance Rres and medium field Q slope γ vs. different treatments (EP, BCP, final EP, BCP flash), different Nb suppliers and different types of cavities (SC, FG, LG) is presented on Fig. 1-4.
Figure 2: Large grain 9-cells; fine & large grain 1 cell cavities series AC112-114, AC151-158, 1DE3-1DE7; 1DE20-21, 1AC3-1AC7. Nb - Fa. Heraeus.
Figure 3 (a,b): FG 9-cell cavities series Z131-144 (EZ), AC116-150 (RI) after EP final (a) & BCP flash (b). Nb-Fa. Tokyo Denkai
Figure 4: SC, FG & LG 1-cell & FG, LG 9-cell cavities (BCP+EP; EP+BCP flash): different Nb-suppliers & CVs producers.
Summary Statistical analysis of Q0, Rres and medium field Q slope γ of FG, LG-1;9 cell
cavities (Fig.1) after BCP+EP shows a relatively high values of Q0 (5 MV/m) (< Q0 >=2,74*1010) for large grain cavities in comparison with fine and large grain 1 cell cavities. Average value <Q0 > = 2,18*1010 for FG 1-cell CVs is a bit lower as for LG 1-cell CVs (<Q0 >= 2,38*1010). Q0 values for 2 hydroformed cavities (Z145, 163) lies in the middle values field. For this type of comparison we assume that cavities producer and Nb supplier have no influence on cavity performance.
Surface residual resistance doesn’t change significantly for whole set except cavity AC158 consequently observed the relatively high value of γ for this cavity. Q slope γ also shows a high values for AC154 & AC157 and for 1 cell FG CVs 1DE8 & 1DE11. For hydroformed cavities Z145, 163 medium field Q slope has a low values.
Fig. 2 shows the same set of cavities limited only by one Nb supplier (Heraeus). Average values of quality factor (1; 5 MV/m) of FG & LG 1-cell cavities have a bit lower magnitude in compare with data for Nb suppliers (PLANSEE, Cabot, Ningxia OTIC) (see Fig.1). The low field Q increase clearly come out to be small for 1 cell FG cavities.
Different types of treatments (EP+BCP flash or EP+final EP) for EXFEL prototype cavities (EZ & RI; Nb supplier – Fa. Tokyo Denkai) show the same range of quality factors at Eacc=1; 5 MV/m (Fig. 3). Residual surface resistance and Q slope γ for cavities after final EP shows a bit high scattering compared to cavities after BCP flash.
The quality factor Q0 doesn’t depend significantly on Nb-supplier and CVs producer for 1;9-cell cavities (Fig. 4). SC 1-cell cavity 1AC8 shows slightly low value of Q0 (Nb: Heraeus) while another SC cavity 1AC6 (Nb: CBMM) have a high value compared with another LG & FG 1-cell cavities. Parameter γ has a wide distribution for LG 9-cell cavities in comparison to 1-cell cavities having the same treatment type and Nb supplier.
Introduction The curves Q0 vs. Eacc show 3 distinct regions. At low fields below 5 MV/m often can be seen an increase of Q0 in fields below 20-25 MV/m followed by slow degradation of Q0 (medium field Q slope) then by rapid decrease of quality factor (Q drop). Medium field Q-slope in field range 5-20 MV/m was estimated according to model of Halbritter [2]. The reasons for increasing of the surface resistance with increasing of RF field according to his model is the thermal impedance between the inner surface of the cavity and the thermal bath, cooling the outer surface of the cavity. Surface resistance Rs can be expressed as quadratic function of Bp (Bp =k*Eacc): Rs (T, Bp)= Rs(T)[ 1+γ(T)(Bp/Bc)2+O(Bp
4)], where Rs=Rbcs(T)+Rres, Bc=200 mT- thermodynamic critical field at T=0. The medium field Q-slope is presented by the parameter γ(T)≈Rbcs(T)Bc
2Δ/2kT2 (d/k+Rk), where k and Rk are the niobium thermal conductivity and Kapitza resistance respectively, d is the wall thickness. The distribution of Q0 (1;5 MV/m), Rres and medium field Q-slope γ (in fields below 20 MV/m) is statistically compared through the whole set of studied cavities.1x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
AC112 AC113 AC151 AC152 AC153 AC154 AC155 AC156 AC157 AC1580
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Q0 (
5 M
V/m
)
Z145 Z163FG, 1 cell
HF, 9 cellLG, 1 cell
LG, 9 cell
1DE20 1DE21 1AC3 1AC4 1AC5 1AC7
1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1DE10 1DE11 1DE12 1DE13 1DE14 1DE15 1DE16 1DE17 1DE18
FG, 1 cellHF, 9 cell
LG, 9 cell
LG, 1 cell
Rre
s [
]
1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1DE10 1DE11 1DE12 1DE13 1DE14 1DE15 1DE16 1DE17 1DE18
Large grain 1;9-cell;Hydroformed 9-cell;Fine grain 1-cell;BCP+EP
Q s
lope
1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1DE10 1DE11 1DE12 1DE13 1DE14 1DE15 1DE16 1DE17 1DE18
1x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
AC120 AC122 AC124 AC125 AC126 AC127 AC1500
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EZ
RI
Q0 (
1; 5
MV
/m)
Q0 (5 MV/m) Q0 (1 MV/m)
Z130 Z131 Z132 Z134 Z136 Z137 Z139 Z141 Z142 Z143 Z144
EZ
RI
Fine grain 9-cell (RI; EZ)Nb: Fa Tokyo DenkaiEP+ final EP
Rre
s [
]
RI
EZ
RI
EZ
Q s
lope
1x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
AC116 AC117 AC118 AC119 AC121 AC123 AC128 AC12905
101520253035
Q0 (5 MV/m); Q0 (1 MV/m);
Q0 (
1;5M
V/m
)
Z133 Z135 Z138 Z140EZ
EZ
Fine grain 9-cell (RI; EZ)Nb: Fa Tokyo DenkaiEP+BCP flash
RI
Q s
lope
EZ
RI
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
RI
EZ
RI
Rre
s [
]
1x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
1AC6
1A
C8
1D
E20
1DE2
1 --1A
C31A
C41A
C51A
C7
1D
E31D
E51D
E71D
E81D
E91D
E10
1DE1
1 1D
E12
1DE1
3 1D
E14
1DE1
51D
E16
1DE1
71D
E18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
CBMM
Large grainPlansee NingxiaCabot
Q0
Q0 (1 MV/m) Q0 (5 MV/m)
Heraeus
SC, FG, LG 1 cellBCP+EP
Fine grainSC
Giredmet
DESY
Rre
s [
] DESY fabricationRI RI
Q s
lope
CVs
RI
1x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
AC11
2AC
113
AC15
1AC
152
AC15
3AC
154
AC15
5AC
156
AC15
7AC
158 --
Z133
Z135
Z138
Z140 --
AC11
6AC
117
AC11
8AC
119
AC12
0AC
121
AC12
3AC
128
AC12
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
CVs
E. Zanon RI
Large Grain
Q0
Q0 (1 MV/m) Q0 (5 MV/m)
Heraeus
LG 9 cellBCP+EP
Tokyo DenkaiFine Grain
RI
FG 9 cellEP+BCP flash
Rre
s [
]
Q s
lope
AC112 AC113 AC151 AC152 AC153 AC154 AC155 AC156 AC157 AC1581x1010
2x1010
3x1010
4x1010
0
1x10-8
2x10-8
3x10-8
AC112 AC113 AC151 AC152 AC153 AC154 AC155 AC156 AC157 AC1580
5
10
15
20
2530
35
1DE20 1DE21 1AC3 1AC4 1AC5 1AC7
FG, 1 cell
LG, 9 cell
LG, 1 cell
, , Q0 (1 MV/m), , Q0 (5 MV/m)
1DE3 1DE7 1DE8 1DE9 1DE10 1DE11
Q0 (
1; 5
MV
/m)
Rre
s [
]
Large grain 1;9-cell;Fine grain 1-cell;LG 1 cellHeraeusBCP+EP
LG, 9 cell
LG, 9 cell
LG, 1 cell
FG, 1 cell
Q s
lope
