A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.
-
Upload
berniece-cummings -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
1
Transcript of A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.
![Page 1: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Advances inAutomatedLanguage
Classification
ASJP ConsortiumDik Bakker, Lancaster
![Page 2: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
2
Overview
Project: ASJP (Automated Similarity Judgment Program)
![Page 3: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
3
Overview
Project: ASJP are:
Sören Wichmann (BRD; Netherlands)Viveka Velupillai (BRD)André Müller (BRD)
Robert Mailhammer (BRD)Hagen Jung (BRD)Eric Holman (US)Anthony Grant (UK)Dmitry Egorov (Russia)Pamela Brown (US)Cecil Brown (US)Dik Bakker (UK; Netherlands)
![Page 4: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
4
Overview
Project: ASJP (Automated Similarity Judgment Program)
![Page 5: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
5
Overview
Project: ASJP (Automated Similarity Judgment Program)
Overall goal:Automatic reconstruction of language relationships
![Page 6: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
6
Overview
Project: ASJP (Automated Similarity Judgment Program)
Overall goal:Automatic reconstruction of language relationships
Basis:Distance matrix between individual languages on basis of linguistic features
![Page 7: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
7
Overview
Project: ASJP (Automated Similarity Judgment Program)
Overall goal:Automatic reconstruction of language relationships
Basis:Distance matrix between individual languages on basis of linguistic features
Method: Lexicostatistics: mass comparison of lexical items
![Page 8: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
8
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals (a.o):
![Page 9: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
9
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
![Page 10: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
10
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
![Page 11: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
11
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
![Page 12: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
12
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
- Search for (ir)regularities in phylogenies
![Page 13: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
13
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
- Search for (ir)regularities in phylogenies
- Test hypotheses (e.g. Atkinson et al 2008; ‘elbow’ phenomenon)
![Page 14: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
14
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
- Search for (ir)regularities in phylogenies
- Test hypotheses (e.g. Atkinson et al 2008; ‘elbow’ phenomenon)
- Experimentally find the best/optimal dating method
![Page 15: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
15
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
- Search for (ir)regularities in phylogenies
- Test hypotheses (e.g. Atkinson et al 2008; ‘elbow’ phenomenon)
- Experimentally find the best/optimal dating method
- Detect borrowings
![Page 16: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
16
Overview
MAIN GOAL: Reconstruction of Language Relationships
Derived goals:
- Critical assessment and refinement of existing classifications
- Classify newly described and unclassified languages
- Estimate time depths between languages / genera / families
- Search for (ir)regularities in phylogenies
- Test hypotheses (e.g. Atkinson et al 2008; ‘elbow’ phenomenon)
- Experimentally find the best/optimal dating method
- Detect borrowings
![Page 17: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
17
Overview
1. The basic list of lexical items
![Page 18: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
18
Overview
1. The basic list of lexical items
2. Comparing languages
![Page 19: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
19
Overview
1. The basic list of lexical items
2. Comparing languages
3. Some results: genetic and areal proximity
![Page 20: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
20
Overview
1. The basic list of lexical items
2. Comparing languages
3. Some results: genetic and areal proximity
4. On Inheritance vs Borrowing
![Page 21: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
21
Overview
1. The basic list of lexical items
2. Comparing languages
3. Some results: genetic and areal proximity
4. On Inheritance vs Borrowing
5. Conclusions
![Page 22: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
22
1. The basic list of lexical items
![Page 23: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
23
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
![Page 24: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
24
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
![Page 25: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
25
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
- Collected in field work lexicon /
grammar
![Page 26: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
26
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
- Collected in field work lexicon /
grammar
- Inherited rather than borrowed
![Page 27: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
27
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
- Collected in field work lexicon /
grammar
- Inherited rather than borrowed
- Culturally independent
![Page 28: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
28
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
- Collected in field work lexicon /
grammar
- Inherited rather than borrowed
- Culturally independent
- Stable over time
![Page 29: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
29
Lexical items
Word list: Swadesh 100 basic meanings
- Word coined in most languages
- Collected in field work lexicon /
grammar
- Inherited rather than borrowed
- Culturally independent
- Stable over time
- Few synonyms
![Page 30: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
30
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 31: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
31
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 32: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
32
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 33: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
33
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 34: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
34
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon 93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water 95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 35: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
35
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 36: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
36
1. I 21. dog 41. nose 61. die 81. smoke
2. you 22. louse 42. mouth 62. kill 82. fire
3. we 23. tree 43. tooth 63. swim 83. ash
4. this 24. seed 44. tongue 64. fly 84. burn
5. that 25. leaf 45. claw 65. walk 85. path
6. who 26. root 46. foot 66. come 86. mountain
7. what 27. bark 47. knee 67. lie 87. red
8. not 28. skin 48. hand 68. sit 88. green
9. all 29. flesh 49. belly 69. stand 89. yellow
10. many 30. blood 50. neck 70. give 90. white
11. one 31. bone 51. breasts
71. say 91. black
12. two 32. grease 52. heart 72. sun 92. night
13. big 33. egg 53. liver 73. moon
93. hot
14. long 34. horn 54. drink 74. star 94. cold
15. small 35. tail 55. eat 75. water
95. full
16. woman
36. feather
56. bite 76. rain 96. new
17. man 37. hair 57. see 77. stone 97. good
18. person 38. head 58. hear 78. sand 98. round
19. fish 39. ear 59. know 79. earth 99. dry
20. bird 40. eye 60. sleep 80. cloud 100. name
![Page 37: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
37
Lexical items: further reduction
Early analyses have shown:
- Optimal 40/100 item subset gives same results
![Page 38: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
38
Lexical items: further reduction
Early analyses have shown:
- Optimal 40/100 item subset gives same results
Less work
![Page 39: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
39
Lexical items: further reduction
Early analyses have shown:
- Optimal 40/100 item subset gives same results
Less work
Less missing data
![Page 40: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
40
Lexical items: further reduction
Early analyses have shown:
- Optimal 40/100 item subset gives same results
Less work
Less missing data
Faster processing; combinatorial explosion:
40 : 100 ~ 3 * 107 : 2 * 1010
![Page 41: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
41
Lexical items: stability
Most stable items:
![Page 42: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
42
Lexical items: stability
Most stable items:
Iteratively throw out the most unstable item in terms of variation within genera (3500-4000 years; Dryer 2001; 2005)
E.g. Germanic, Romance, Slavic, …
![Page 43: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
43
Lexical items: stability
Most stable items:
Iteratively throw out the most unstable item in terms of variation within genera (3500-4000 years; Dryer 2001; 2005)
E.g. Germanic, Romance, Slavic, …
Formula: S = (E - U)/(100 - U)(weighted average % matches Eq vs Uneq)
![Page 44: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
44
Ethnologue (Goodmann-Kruskal)
WALS (Pearson)
++ < Stability > --
![Page 45: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
45
I dog nose die smoke
you louse mouth kill fire
we tree tooth swim ash
this seed tongue fly burn
that leaf claw walk path
who root foot come mountain
what bark knee lie red
not skin hand sit green
all flesh belly stand yellow
many blood neck give white
one bone breasts say black
two grease heart sun night
big egg liver moon hot
long horn drink star cold
small tail eat water full
woman feather bite rain new
man hair see stone good
person head hear sand round
fish ear know earth dry
bird eye sleep cloud name
![Page 46: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
46
I dog nose die smoke
you louse mouth kill fire
we tree tooth swim ash
this seed tongue fly burn
that leaf claw walk path
who root foot come mountain
what bark knee lie red
not skin hand sit green
all flesh belly stand yellow
many blood neck give white
one bone breast say black
two grease heart sun night
big egg liver moon hot
long horn drink star cold
small tail eat water full
woman feather bite rain new
man hair see stone good
person head hear sand round
fish ear know earth dry
bird eye sleep cloud name
40Most
Stable
![Page 47: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
47
I dog nose die smoke
you louse mouth kill fire
we tree tooth swim ash
this seed tongue fly burn
that leaf claw walk path
who root foot come mountain
what bark knee lie red
not skin hand sit green
all flesh belly stand yellow
many blood neck give white
one bone breast say black
two grease heart sun night
big egg liver moon hot
long horn drink star cold
small tail eat water full
woman feather bite rain new
man hair see stone good
person head hear sand round
fish ear know earth dry
bird eye sleep cloud name
Homophones
![Page 48: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
48
Lexical items: transcription
First phase of project (2007):
Problems with full IPA representation of words:
![Page 49: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
49
Lexical items: transcription
First phase of project (2007):
Problems with full IPA representation of words:
- data entry via keyboard
![Page 50: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
50
Lexical items: transcription
First phase of project (2007):
Problems with full IPA representation of words:
- data entry via keyboard
- simple programming language (Fortran; Pascal)
![Page 51: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
51
Lexical items: transcription
First phase of project (2007):
Problems with full IPA representation of words:
- data entry via keyboard
- simple programming language (Fortran; Pascal)
Recoding to simplified ASJPcode (only Ascii)
![Page 52: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
52
Lexical items: transcriptionASJPcode:
![Page 53: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
53
Lexical items: transcriptionASJPcode: 7 Vowels
![Page 54: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
54
Lexical items: transcriptionASJPcode: 7 Vowels
34 Consonants
![Page 55: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
55
Lexical items: transcriptionASJPcode: 7 Vowels
34 Consonants
Operators for: NasalizationLabializationPalatalizationAspirationGlottalization
![Page 56: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
56
Lexical items: transcriptionASJPcode: 7 Vowels
34 Consonants
Operators for: NasalizationLabializationPalatalizationAspirationGlottalization
(some) complex syllables simplified (VXC VC)
![Page 57: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
57
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning
PERSON
LEAF
SKIN
HORN
NOSE
TOOTH
![Page 58: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
58
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning IPA
PERSON ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
LEAF bɣʲɨ
SKIN ʧʷazʲ
HORN ʧʼʷɨʕʷa
NOSE pɨnʦʼa
TOOTH pɨʦ
![Page 59: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
59
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning IPA ASJPcode
PERSON ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs Xw~3Cw"yXw~3s
LEAF bɣʲɨ bxy~3
SKIN ʧʷazʲ Cw~azy~
HORN ʧʼʷɨʕʷa Cw"~3Xw~a
NOSE pɨnʦʼa p3nc"a
TOOTH pɨʦ p3c
![Page 60: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
60
Lexical items
Collected to date:
- Over 2100 languages, dialects and proto
![Page 61: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
61
Lexical items
Collected to date:
- Over 2100 languages, dialects and proto
- Mean number of items/language: 36.2 (/40)
![Page 62: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
62
Lexical items
Distribution:
Americas: 27%
Eurasia: 23%
Australia/PNG: 18%
Austronesia: 15%
Africa: 14%
Creoles: 2%
Artificial: 1%
![Page 63: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
63
Languages currently sampled
![Page 64: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
64
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
Problems with full IPA representation solved:
![Page 65: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
65
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
Problems with full IPA representation solved:
1. automatic conversion IPA to integer (Python)
![Page 66: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
66
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
Problems with full IPA representation solved:
1. automatic conversion IPA to integer (Python)
2. (semi-)automatic recoding to ASJPcode: transduction on the basis of a formal grammar
![Page 67: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
67
Lexical items: transcription
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning: PERSON
![Page 68: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
68
Lexical items: transcription
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning: PERSON
IPA: ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
![Page 69: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
69
Lexical items: transcription
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning: PERSON
IPA: ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
Decimal: 661 695 616 679 700 690 695 661 695 616 115
![Page 70: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
70
Lexical items: transcription
Abaza (Caucasian):
Meaning: PERSON
IPA: ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
Decimal: 661 695 616 679 700 690 695 661 695 616 115
ASJPcode: 88 119 126 51 67 34 121 119 126 88 119 126 51 115
( = Xw~3Cw"y~Xw~3s)
![Page 71: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
71
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
1. automatic conversion IPA to integer (Python)
2. (semi-)automatic recoding to ASJPcode: transduction on the basis of a formal grammar
Why not run on full IPA??
![Page 72: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
72
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
1. automatic conversion IPA to integer (Python)
2. (semi-)automatic recoding to ASJPcode: transduction on the basis of a formal grammar
- correlations IPA ~ ASJP > 0.9
![Page 73: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
73
Lexical items: transcription
Second phase of project (2008):
1. automatic conversion IPA to integer (Python)
2. (semi-)automatic recoding to ASJPcode: transduction on the basis of a formal grammar
- correlations IPA ~ ASJP > 0.9- but: ASJP better fit with classifications IPA too specific
![Page 74: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
74
Lexical items: transcription
IPA: ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
Decimal: 661 695 616 679 700 690 695 661 695 616 115
ASJP++code: ( = any unicode string )
A n661, n695, n616, ……P Q A B C…Z P Q Z
formal grammar
![Page 75: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
75
Lexical items: transcription
IPA: ʕʷɨʧʼʲʷʕʷɨs
Decimal: 661 695 616 679 700 690 695 661 695 616 115
ASJP++code: ( = any unicode string )
A n661, n695, n616, ……P Q A B C…Z P Q Z
optimal levelof abstractionfor historicalphonologicalreconstruction?
![Page 76: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
76
2. Comparing languages
![Page 77: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
77
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE w3rE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
![Page 78: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
78
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=3
![Page 79: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
79
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=3 LDj=4
![Page 80: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
80
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=3 LDj=4 LDk=3
![Page 81: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
81
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=3 LDj=4 LDk=3
…
![Page 82: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
82
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=3 LDj=4 LDk=3LDmean=3.73
…
![Page 83: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
83
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE bErE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
LDi=4 LDj=4 LDk=4LDmean=4.37
…
![Page 84: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
84
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE w3rE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
3.73
![Page 85: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
85
Comparing words
LG I YOU WE
ABAZA sErE w3rE Sw~ErE
ABKHAZ s3 w3 Sw~3
AGUL zun wun cw~un
3.73
4.37
![Page 86: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
86
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
![Page 87: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
87
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
a. between 2 words:
Number of transformations to get from the shorter form to the longer one (changes, additions)
![Page 88: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
88
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
a. between 2 words:
Number of transformations to get from the shorter form to the longer one (changes, additions)
b. Between 2 languages:
E.g. mean LD for overlapping set (<= 40)
![Page 89: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
89
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems with simple LD:
![Page 90: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
90
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems:
1. Value depends on length of longest word
![Page 91: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
91
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems:
1. Value depends on length of longest word
Normalize: LDN = ( LD / Lmax )
![Page 92: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
92
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems:
1. Value depends on length of longest word
Normalize: LDN = ( LD / Lmax )
2. Differences between lgs in phonological overlap
![Page 93: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
93
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems:
1. Value depends on length of longest word
Normalize: LDN = ( LD / Lmax )
2. Differences between lgs in phonological overlap
Eliminate ‘noise’: LDND = ( LDN / LDNdifferent
)
![Page 94: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
94
Comparing words
Levenshtein Distance
Two problems:
1. Value depends on length of longest word
Normalize: LDN = 100 * LDN
2. Differences between lgs in phonological overlap
Eliminate ‘noise’: LDND = 100 * LDND
![Page 95: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
95
Comparing languages
Levenshtein Distance for Language Pair
- Mean of all LDND’s of words in common
![Page 96: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
96
Comparing languages
Levenshtein Distance for Language Pair
- Mean of all LDND’s of words in common
- Synonyms (12%):- take Minimum pair- take Mean
![Page 97: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
97
Comparing languages
Levenshtein Distance for Language Pair
- Mean of all LDND’s of words in common
- Synonyms (12%):- take Minimum pair- take Mean
Experimentaloption
![Page 98: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
98
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 99: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
99
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 100: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
100
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 101: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
101
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 102: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
102
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 103: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
103
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"ayif
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 104: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
104
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"ayif * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"EyEr
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 105: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
105
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"ayif * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"EyEr
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 106: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
106
Comparing languagesAVAR (AVA: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > AVAR-ANDIC-TSEZIC) / AGUL (AGL: NAKH-DAGHESTANIAN > LEZGIC)I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0 ALT: AGL= ac"ar NEW : c"iya=c"ayif * LDND=55.0 ALT: AGL= c"EyEr
COMMON (LDND < 70) = AGL - AVA 6 (=15.8% of 38)
LD = 4.01 / LDN = 81.76 / LDND = 89.87
![Page 107: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
107
Comparing languagesLANG1 LANG2 FAM1 FAM2 LDNDFRENCH ARPITAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 55.63FRENCH GALICIAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 74.49FRENCH ARAGONESE INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 76.16FRENCH FRIULIAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 74.64FRENCH ROMANSH_SURSILVAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 77.80FRENCH ROMANIAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 74.37FRENCH LATIN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 80.07FRENCH CATALAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 71.69FRENCH ITALIAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 75.91FRENCH PORTUGUESE INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 74.38FRENCH SPANISH INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 80.91FRENCH DANISH INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 93.11FRENCH BERNESE_GERMAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 93.18FRENCH CIMBRIAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 94.43FRENCH BRABANTIC INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 95.18FRENCH NORTH_FRISIAN_AMRUM INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 95.30FRENCH JAMTLANDIC INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 94.58FRENCH LIMBURGISH INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 94.78FRENCH OLD_HIGH_GERMAN INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 92.70FRENCH PLAUTDIETSCH INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 95.35FRENCH NORTHERN_LOW_SAXON INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 90.87FRENCH STELLINGWERFS INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 92.85FRENCH FRANS_VLAAMS INDO-EUROPEAN INDO-EUROPEAN 94.08
![Page 108: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
108
3. Some results: genetic and areal proximity
![Page 109: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
109
Distance Matrix (0.5 * N * (N-1))
FRE DUT GAL PRT ENG …
FRE
DUT 90.93
GAL 71.62 90.00
PRT 74.38 94.61 51.87
ENG 91.17
63.19 91.30 95.18
…< Excel file >
![Page 110: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
110
Tools for Trees
![Page 111: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
111
Tools for Trees Input file to your preferred phylogenetic
software using an editor such as TextPad (www.textpad.com)
![Page 112: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
112
Tools for Trees Input file to your preferred phylogenetic
software using an editor such as TextPad (www.textpad.com)
Run data using phylogenetic software such as SplitsTree (www.splitstree.org)
![Page 113: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
113
Tools for Trees Input file to your preferred phylogenetic
software using an editor such as TextPad (www.textpad.com)
Run data using phylogenetic software such as SplitsTree (www.splitstree.org)
Choose the most appropriate algorithm (Neighbour Joining for distance data)
![Page 114: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
114
Tools for Trees Input file to your preferred phylogenetic
software using an editor such as TextPad (www.textpad.com)
Run data using phylogenetic software such as SplitsTree (www.splitstree.org)
Choose the most appropriate algorithm (Neighbour Joining for distance data)
Prepare tree for presentation using using a tool such as the Tree Explorer of MEGA
![Page 115: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
115
SalishanLanguages
(n=30)
![Page 116: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
116
NeighborJoining
SalishanLanguages
(n=30)
![Page 117: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
117
UPGMA NeighborJoining
![Page 118: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
118
UPGMA NeighborJoining
![Page 119: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
119
NeighborJoining
NeighborJoining:
![Page 120: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
120
NeighborJoining
NeighborJoining:
- specifically meant for phylogenetic trees
![Page 121: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
121
NeighborJoining
NeighborJoining:
- specifically meant for phylogenetic trees
- takes distance as point of departure
![Page 122: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
122
NeighborJoining
NeighborJoining:
- specifically meant for phylogenetic trees
- takes distance as point of departure
- does NOT assume equal rate of change
![Page 123: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
123Mayan (n=38)
![Page 124: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
124
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
A. for pure classification:
![Page 125: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
125
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
A. for pure classification:
- existing classifications (Ethnologue; WALS; mainly the well-documented areas)
![Page 126: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
126
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
A. for pure classification:
- existing classifications (Ethnologue; WALS; mainly the well-documented areas)
- expert knowledge of specific areas
![Page 127: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
127
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
A. for pure classification:
- existing classifications (Ethnologue; WALS; mainly the well-documented areas)
- expert knowledge of specific areas
diversion ±12% niche!
![Page 128: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
128
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
![Page 129: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
129
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events:
![Page 130: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
130
Linguistically crucial events
c. 250Goths conquer Dacia split of E-W Romance
4th cIrish invade Scotland
split of Irish-Scottish Gaelic
5th c
German kingdoms in W Roman Empire
breakup of W Romance
5th cGermans invade Britain split of English-Frisian
5th-6th c
Britons flee to Brittany split of Welsh-Breton
400-600Hieroglyphic evidence Ch'olan begins to split
768-814
Name of Charlemagne attested Proto-Slavic
Date Historical event Linguistic event
![Page 131: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
131
Linguistically crucial events
c. 250Goths conquer Dacia split of E-W Romance
4th cIrish invade Scotland
split of Irish-Scottish Gaelic
5th c
German kingdoms in W Roman Empire
breakup of W Romance
5th cGermans invade Britain split of English-Frisian
5th-6th c
Britons flee to Brittany split of Welsh-Breton
400-600Hieroglyphic evidence Ch'olan begins to split
768-814
Name of Charlemagne attested Proto-Slavic
Date Historical event Linguistic event
![Page 132: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
132
Linguistically crucial events
c. 250Goths conquer Dacia split of E-W Romance
4th cIrish invade Scotland
split of Irish-Scottish Gaelic
5th c
German kingdoms in W Roman Empire
breakup of W Romance
5th cGermans invade Britain split of English-Frisian
5th-6th c
Britons flee to Brittany split of Welsh-Breton
400-600Hieroglyphic evidence Ch'olan begins to split
768-814
Name of Charlemagne attested Proto-Slavic
Date Historical event Linguistic event
![Page 133: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
133
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events
Standard formula (Swadesh):
TimeDepth = log(Similarity) / 2 log Retention
![Page 134: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
134
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events
Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(Similarity) / 2 log Retention
![Page 135: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
135
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events
Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(LDND) / 2 log Retention
![Page 136: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
136
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events
Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(LDND) / 2 log Retention
![Page 137: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
137
Linguistically crucial events
Time linguistic event
LDND
Ret
1.75 split of E-W Romance 0.6753 0.73
1.65split of Irish-Scottish Gaelic 0.6687 0.72
1.55 breakup of W Romance 0.6411 0.72
1.55 split of English-Frisian 0.6574 0.71
1.50 split of Welsh-Breton 0.5705 0.75
1.40 Ch'olan begins to split 0.5369 0.76
1.21 Proto-Slavic 0.5877 0.69
MEAN: 0.73
![Page 138: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
138
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events:
- Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(LDND) / 2 log 73
![Page 139: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
139
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events:
- Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(LDND) / 2 log 73 < 75%
![Page 140: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
140
Calibration of Method
Calibration: best options, parameters, factors:
B. for dating:
- linguistically crucial historic events:
- Standard formula:
TimeDepth = log(LDND) / 2 log 73 < 75%
Deeper!
![Page 141: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
141
Glottochronology only?
Calibration of method:
Glottochronology: all based on lexical distance
![Page 142: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
142
Glottochronology only?
Calibration of method:
Glottochronology: all based on lexical distance
Add other linguistic domains …
![Page 143: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
143
Glottochronology only?
Calibration of method:
Glottochronology: all based on lexical distance
Add other linguistic domains …
WALS Typological database
![Page 144: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
144
Glottochronology only?
Calibration of method:
Glottochronology: all based on lexical distance
Add other linguistic domains …
WALS Typological database
Best result:
(75% 40 lex) + (25% 40 Ph/M/S features)
![Page 145: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
145
4. On Inheritance vs Borrowing
![Page 146: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
146
Inherited or borrowed?
AVAR (AVA) / AGUL (AGL)
![Page 147: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
147
Inherited or borrowed?
AVAR (AVA) / AGUL (AGL)
I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0
![Page 148: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
148
Inherited or borrowed?
AVAR (AVA) / AGUL (AGL)
I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0
6 items < 70.0
![Page 149: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
149
Inherited or borrowed?
AVAR (AVA) / AGUL (AGL)
I : dun=zun * LDND=36.6YOU : mun=wun * LDND=36.6 HORN : tLar=k"arC * LDND=66.0FIRE : c"a=c"a * LDND= 0.0FULL : c"ura=ac"uf * LDND=66.0NEW : c"iya=c"EyEr * LDND=55.0
6 items < 70.0 Genetically related !!
![Page 150: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
150
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA)
![Page 151: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
151
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
![Page 152: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
152
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
6 items < 70.0
![Page 153: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
153
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
6 items < 70.0: RELATED ???
![Page 154: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
154
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
RELATED ??? NO!!!
![Page 155: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
155
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
INDO-EUROPEAN < > AUSTRONESIAN
![Page 156: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
156
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
CHANCE?
![Page 157: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
157
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
CHANCE? ~ 5% (i.e. 1 – 2 items)
![Page 158: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
158
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) / CHAMORRO (CHA) ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9 TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0 PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3 STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2 NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2 NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
BORROWING through LANGUAGE CONTACT
![Page 159: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
159
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
![Page 160: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
160
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA <> CHA:
![Page 161: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
161
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA <> CHA: fam/gen= 0.24/0.82
![Page 162: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
162
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA <> CHA: fam/gen= 0.24/0.82 > 0.03/0.00
![Page 163: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
163
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA <> CHA: fam/gen= 0.24/0.82 > 0.03/0.00
phon pattern fit= 12.00 > 0.67
![Page 164: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
164
Inherited or borrowed?
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA <> CHA: fam/gen= 0.24/0.82 > 0.03/0.00
phon pattern fit= 12.00 > 0.67
…
![Page 165: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
165
Borrowed!
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
ONE : uno=unu * LDND=36.9
SPA > CHA: fam/gen= 0.24/0.82 > 0.03/0.00 phon pattern fit= 12.00 > 0.67
…
![Page 166: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
166
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
TWO : dos=dos * LDND= 0.0
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.62/1.00 > 0.12/0.00
swF= 100.00 > 0.22
![Page 167: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
167
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.20/0.64 > 0.01/0.00
swF= 32.40 > 0.13
![Page 168: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
168
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.20/0.64 > 0.01/0.00
swF= 32.40 > 0.13
ALT: CHA= taotao (0.41/0.00)
![Page 169: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
169
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
PERSON : persona=petsona * LDND=55.3
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.20/0.64 > 0.01/0.00
swF= 32.40 > 0.13
ALT: CHA= taotao (0.41/0.00)
![Page 170: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
170
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
STAR : estreya=estrecas * LDND=61.2
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.17/0.82 > 0.00/0.00
swF= 100.00 > 4.44
ALT: CHA= puti7on (0.03/0.00)
![Page 171: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
171
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
NIGHT : noCe=noces * LDND=68.2
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.23/0.55 > 0.04/0.00
swF= 100.00 > 0.10
ALT: CHA= pw~eNi (0.23/0.00)
![Page 172: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
172
Borrowing
SPANISH (SPA) INDO-EUROPEAN (128) > ROMANCE
/ CHAMORRO (CHA) AUSTRONESIAN (310) > CHAMORRO
NEW : nuevo=nueba * LDND=44.2
SPA > CHA f/g= 0.50/0.64 > 0.04/0.00
swF= 4.27 > 0.03
![Page 173: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
173
5. Conclusions
![Page 174: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
174
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
![Page 175: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
175
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
![Page 176: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
176
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
- Test hypotheses about genetic distances in time
![Page 177: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
177
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
- Test hypotheses about genetic distances in time
- Locate potential borrowings
![Page 178: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
178
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
- Test hypotheses about genetic distances in time
- Locate potential borrowings
- C O R E: incremental lexical database (> 35%)
![Page 179: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
179
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
- Test hypotheses about genetic distances in time
- Locate potential borrowings
- C O R E: incremental lexical database (> 35%)
One day: Online
![Page 180: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
180
Conclusions
- Method for automatic reconstruction of language relationships
- Assess, discuss and correct existing classifications
- Test hypotheses about genetic distances in time
- Locate potential borrowings
- C O R E: incremental lexical database (> 35%)
One day: Online
Cooperation!!
![Page 181: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
181
Holman et al. (forthc. 2008) Explorations in automated language classification. Folia Linguistica
Brown et al. (forthc. 2008) Automated Classification of the World’s languages: A description of the method and prelimary results Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung
+ Several working papers
email.eva.mpg.de./~wichmann/ASJPHomePage
![Page 182: A dvances in Automated Language Classification ASJP Consortium Dik Bakker, Lancaster.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e8f5503460f94b935e9/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
ASJP: Automatic Reconstruction
182
?