A Divided Nation

The Debate over Slavery

Objective:1. Explain how the outcome of the Mexican

War affected the debate over slavery.2. List the major provisions of the

Compromise of 1850, and what reasons were given for supporting or opposing it.

3. Explain why the Fugitive Slave Act was controversial in the North.

Missouri Compromise 1820

Slavery in the Mexican Cession

1. Extend the Missouri Compromise line.

2. Northern want to prohibit slavery.

3. Wilmot Proviso is a bill that would ban slavery in Mexican Cession . This bill fuels sectionalism

4. Other want popular sovereignty to decide.

Election 0f 1848

1. Democrats and Whigs take not stand on slavery

2. Wilmot Proviso supporters form Free-Soil Party

3. Zachary Taylor barley wins.

Democrats

Free-Soil

Whigs

The California Problem

1. California applies for statehood.

2. They wanted to be a free state.

3. Southern opposed any new free states because it will upset balance of power.

The U.S. in Mid-1850

Congressional Power

The Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850Henry Clay’s compromise

for Mexican Cession and California.

1. California as free state.2. Popular Sovereignty will

decide in new territory.3. Congress to pay Texas’s

debts for land dispute.4. End of Slave trade in

Washington D.C.5. New Fugitive slave law

The Compromise of 1850

Responses 1. Antislavery northerners

want California without restrictions.

2. Southerners reject it because it upsets balance.

3. Daniel Webster supports to preserve the Union.

4. It is Passed!!!

The Fugitive Slave Act1. Federal crime to help

runaways2. Officials can arrest fugitives

even in free states.3. Northerners oppose the law

because no trial by jury. northerners is attempted to

free Anthony Burns. Abolitionists write slave

stories Uncle Tom’s Cabin changes

peoples views.

Trouble in Kansas

Objective:1. Explain how the different regions of the

country reacted to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

2. List the ways people tried to settle the conflict over slavery in Kansas.

3. Explain the series of violent events that showed growing division over slavery in the United States.

The Election of 1852The Democrats1. Franklin Pierce from New

Hampshire2. Pleased southerners by

promising to honor Compromise of 1850 and enforce Fugitive Slave Act.

Whigs3. War hero, Winfield Scott4. Southerners don’t trust his

commitment to Compromise of 1850.

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Railroad to Pacific1. Stephen Douglas, wants

railroad to the Pacific to run through Illinois.

2. Needs Louisiana Purchase to become a territory.

3. Missouri Compromise would make that land free States.

Douglas and the Southerners4. Southerners want railroad

through the south5. Douglas promises to open new

territory to slavery.

The Kansas-Nebraska ActThe Kansas-Nebraska Act1. Douglas proposes Kansas-

Nebraska bill to Congress.2. Divides the land into two

territories call Kansas and Nebraska

3. Popular Soveignty will determine slavery.

Response4. Anti-slavery northerners said

it violates the Missouri Compromise for slavery.

5. Pierce and Douglas convince Democrats to vote for it.

6. Passes in 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”Kansas becomes a contest.Territory Elections1. Held in March 18552. Won by pro-slavery forces, with

thousands of Missouri votes.Two governments3. Territory legislature passed

strict pro-slavery laws4. Antislavery Kansans formed

their own government5. Pro-Slavery men attacked

Lawrence.6. John Brown killed proslavery

men at Pottawatomie Massacre.

“Bleeding Kansas”Violence in the Senate1. Charles Sumner gave

speech insulting Senator Andrew Pickens Butler of S.C.

2. Butler’s nephew, Representative Preston Brooks, beat Sumner badly with a cane in the Senate chamber.

3. Northerners are outraged.4. Southerners send Brooks

more canes.

Political Divisions

Objective:1. Explain how the Kansas-Nebraska Act

affected U.S. political parties.2. Explain why Dred Scott sued for his

freedom, and how did the Supreme Court rule on his case.

3. Explain how Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas differed in their views on slavery.

New DivisionsKansas-Nebraska Act impact 1. Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers and

abolitionists form Republican Party.2. Northern Democrats who voted for

the Act are not re-elected3. Whig Party splitThe Election of 18564. Know-Nothing Party split5. Democrats choose James Buchanan6. Republicans choose John C. FremontElection Returns7. Buchanan won ,taking 14 of 15 slave

states and 5 free states.8. Fremont won remaining free states9. Know-Nothing Party won M.D.

The Dred Scott DecisionThe Case 1. Dred Scott-slave of a Missouri

surgeon who traveled to Illinois.2. Scott sues for freedom after owners

death in IllinoisQuestions for Supreme Court 3. Is Scott a citizen? Can he sue? 4. Was he freed by going to free soil?5. Is the ban on slavery in Louisiana

territory legal?The Dred Scott decision6. Roger B. Taney decides. (He was

from a slave holding family.)7. African Americas are not citizens8. Scott is not free9. Missouri Compromise is illegal.

The Lincoln-Douglas Debates1. Abraham Lincoln challenged

Stephan Douglas for U.S. Senate seat

2. They hold seven debates across Illinois.

3. Lincoln argued to stop the spread of slavery in territories

4. Douglas announces Freeport Doctrine- American citizen have power to ban slavery not Congress.

5. Douglas won but Lincoln gains popularity in the Republican Party

Secession

Objectives:1. Explain how Americans reacted to John

Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry.2. Explain what factors led to Lincoln’s

victory in the presidential election of 1860.3. Explain why some southern states decided

to leave the Union.

The Raid on Harpers FerryJohn Brown1. Planed to attack federal

arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

2. Want to arm slave for a slave revolt.

John Brown’s Raid3. 20 men including John Brown

and his three sons4. 10/16/1859, captured arsenal,

but slaves did not join in.5. White towns people fought

back until the army arrived and captured Brown and his raiders

Judging John Brown1. Brown was convicted of

Treason, murder and conspiracy of rebellion.

2. He was hanged in Dec. 1859

3. Hero in the north4. Some northern did not

approve of the violence.

5. White southerners felt threatened and fear more attacks.

The Election of 1860The Election of 18601. Democratic Party split-Stephen

Douglas for the northern Democrats and John C. Breckinridge for the southern Democrats.

A new party2. Constitutional Union Party,

nominated John Bell.Republican Party nominated

Abraham Lincoln.Outcome3. Lincoln only won 40 %4. Lincoln didn’t win a southern

state.

Breaking with the UnionBreaking with the Union1. Constitution does not

address secession or forming withdrawing from the Union.

2. S.C. seceded in Dec. 1860 fearing Lincoln would end slavery.

3. John J. Crittenden try to make the south happy with a series of proposed amendments.

4. Republican reject the proposals because they extend slavery.

The Confederate States of America

1. By Feb. 1, 1861 7 states seceded.

2. SC, MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX, (The deep south)

3. They formed a new nation called Confederate States of America.