A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes - PAF Workshop 2017 · A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes PAF Workshop 2017...

ACryogenicPAFforParkesPAFWorkshop2017

CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

JimiGreen|ParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeader16th November2017

Acknowledgements

• MatthewBailes• RameshBhat• JustinBray• AaronChippendale• JohnConway• JoanneDawson• JohnDickey• AlexDunning• RonEkers• DougHayman

• ClancyJames

• SimonJohnston• EvanKeane• MichaelKramer

• J.P.Macquart

• NaomiMcClure-Griffiths

• RayNorris• BoPeng• MariaRioja• ElaineSadler• RyanShannon• ListerStaveley-Smith

• TassoTzioumis

• NinaWang

• LauraWolz

• +++

ParkesCryo-PAF|JimiGreen2 |

Overview

• TheParkesradiotelescope(inaslide)

• PhasedArrayFeedswithParkes

• TheCryo-PAFProposal

DriversSpecifications

Benefits


ParkesRadioTelescope(inaslide)

• 64mradiotelescope(f/D0.41),~380kmwestofSydney,~20kmnorthfromtownofParkes,ownedandoperatedbyCSIRO

• Threeyearstodesignandtwoyearstobuild-officiallyopenedon31October1961• Operatingformorethan55years

• Continualupgrades&evolutionhavebeenkey(newsurfaces,newfocuscabin,newreceiverse.g.multibeam,backendsystems)

• Multitudeofscientificdiscovery

• Otheractivities- spacecrafttracking(‘TheDish’)


ParkesRadioTelescopeCurrentcapabilities

• 700MHzto~25GHzacross8receivers• Including13-beam‘multibeam’system

• Spectral andtemporalbackendcapabilities• Forsingle-beamtimedomain(events<1s)andspectrometry(“DFB4”)

• Forsingle-beamtimedomainandnewlimitedpiggybackspectrometry(“CASPSR”)

• Formulti-beam(13beams)timedomainandspectrometry(“HIPSR/BPSR”)• Real-timeFastRadioBurstdetection

• ForVeryLongBaselineInterferometry,VLBI(“DAS”&“Mk-V”)


PhasedArrayFeedswithParkes

• TestsofPAFdesignsonsite(coverofbook!)

• MaxPlanckInstitute(MPIfR)PhasedArrayFeed- Re-purposedASKAPfeed(“MKII”)

• commissionedonParkesin2016(~10monthsondish)– Chippendaleetal.2016

• timed3Pulsarssimultaneously– Dengetal.2017

• spectrallineobservations- veryflatandstablebandpass– Reynoldsetal.2017

• 12-mantennamonitoringVelapulsar(“MKI”PAF),includingdetectingglitch

– Sarkissian etal.2017


• Parkes’role:• FirstFRBdiscoveredwithParkes(Lorimeretal.2007)• Majorsearchcampaigns,e.g.SUPERBreal-timedetectionproject• >=21of>=26todatediscoveredwithParkes(e.g.Thorntonetal.,2013),detectionrate~5peryear

• Competition:• CHIME(NorthernHemisphere,predicteddetectionrate~1perday,localisation fewarcmin in1D);MeerKAT (expects�12localised FRBsovera5yearsurvey);Molonglo-UTMOST(~4detectedtodate);ASKAPflys-eye(~10detectedtodate);Caltech10-mdishsystem

• Want:studyoftheiroriginandofthebaryoniccontentoftheUniverse• Have:maturedatareduction&FRBdetectionpipeline,SouthernHemisphere• Need:increasedfieldofview,localisation ability,accurateintensity

ParkesCryo-PAF|JimiGreen

ScienceDrivers

Transients– FastRadioBursts(FRBs)

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• Parkes’role:• Detectionmachine>1500,~2/3ofall

• Competition:• Meerkat• existingNorthernhemispheresingledishes,FAST• (SKA~20,000detections)

• Want:more,more,more(timingsources,exoticsystems)- explorefundamentalphysics,includingmatterequationsofstate,theoriesofgravity&gravitationalwaveregimeatlongwavelengths.

• Have:ImprovingGPUbasedbackends (greaterrangeofdispersionmeasures)• Need:lowTsys (<=MBTsys),increasedfieldofview,widerbandwidth


ScienceDrivers

Pulsars

8 |

Cred

it:M

PIfR

Ch.N

g.

• Parkes’role:• Multibeam studies:HIParkesAllSkySurvey(HIPASS),GalacticAllSkySurvey(GASS),componentofSGPS

• surveyedownGalaxy,Magellanicclouds,1000sofnearbyGalaxies,pushingfurtherinredshift

• Competition:• Low-zCHIME,Tian-Li,GBT-HIM,HIRAX,SKA-MID(+high-zLOFAR,MWA,HERA,PAPER,SKA-LOW…)

• ASKAP,APERTIF,SKA• Want:Detect&accuratelyquantifyneutralgascontentofgalaxies&thecosmicwebacross½ageoftheUniversethrough“intensitymapping”(powerspectrumandcross-correlationwithopticalredshiftsurveys,Changetal.2010)

• Have:ARCcentres ofExcellenceCAASTRO->ASTRO3D,developedbodyofknowledgeandtheoreticalexperience(e.g.Wolz etal.,2016).

• Need:increasedfieldofview,increasedbandwidth,flatterbaselines


ScienceDrivers

Hydrogenovercosmictime

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• Parkes’role:• mostsensitiveexperimenttodatetodetecthigh-energyparticles,viaCerenkovradiopulse,usedtheParkes21cmmultibeamreceiver,whichwasabletosee≤1/3oftheusefulareaofthemoon(Brayetal.2015)

• Competition:• CROME(previously),EASIER@AUGER,SKA,LOFAR,AuScope• FASTwithaPAF(VLA,WSRTpreviously)

• Want:toknowthenature&originofultra-high-energyparticles(“oneofthebiggestmysteriesofmodernastrophysics”)

• Have:previousexperience,sensitivity,backendoptions• Need:increasedfieldofview:seetheentiretyofthemoon.


ScienceDrivers

high-energyparticledetection

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• EMUsurveywilldetectabout70millionradiosources.• SeparateActiveGalacticNuclei(AGN)vsstar-forminggalaxies,throughsingle-baselineVeryLongBaselineinterferometer(e.g.Norris&Kesteven,2012,Middelberg etal.(2013

• polarisation studiesoftheAGN,imagingofOHmegamasers,andclassificationofpulsarsandradiostars

• FLASHsurveywilldetectHiabsorptionin�1000radio-loudAGNatz=0.5– 1(Allisonetal.,2015).• detectneutralgasoutflows,associatedwithAGNfeedbackvia<1-percentopticaldepthsensitivity(achievedwithverygoodspectralbaselineandreal-timeRFImitigation)

• localise position,measuresize& kinematicsofHIabsorbers


ScienceDrivers

ASKAPwithParkesPAFVLBIcomplement

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• GASKAPsurveywillobserveHIandOHintheMilkyWayoveranareaof13,000sq.degs (Dickeyetal.,2013).• Zero-spacingdatatoprobelargespatialscalesthatASKAPisinsensitiveto• ultra-highsensitivityOHsurveyofentireSouthernsky,probingnewphysicalenvironments

• SKA1-mid/Parkesbaselineastrometrytowardsasampleof100OH-masersourceswouldallowtheinternalangularrotationsoftheMagellanic Cloudstobemodelled(propermotionto10micro-arcsecondsyr−1(�2km/s)accuracy

• Astrometryofpulsarsisoftenbeneficialinprovidingdirectmeasurementsoftheirdistancesindependentofsingledishtimingdata.


ScienceDrivers

ASKAPsingledish&VLBIcomplement

12 |

SpecificationsCryo-PAFTestsandTargets

• Cryogenicallycooled‘Rocket’PhasedArrayFeed(thirdgenerationCSIROPAFdesignedbyAlexDunning&co)

• Prototypeondishtesting(plusaperturetests)May2016- veryencouragingforpurposebuiltversion

• 700MHz– 2GHz

• 3xMBfieldofview (~4.5deg)

• sub-20KTsys



SpecificationsCryo-PAFTargets

14 |

30

Feed array performance comparison

Parkesmul+beam(T/η)

Parkesmul+beam

Chippendaleetal.(arXiv:1606.03533)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est.)

CryogenicrocketPAF(est)

MPIPAF

MPIPAF

System

Tem

perature/Efficien

cy

PHISCC2017 Pune

Significantimprovementinsixkeyareas:

1. animprovedreceivernoise;2. awiderfieldofview;3. Nyquistsamplingofthefocalplane;4. awidefront-endbandwidth;5. greaterapertureefficiency;6. reducedbaselineripple.

Together=10to30-foldincreaseinsurveyspeed


ImprovementSummary

Headlines

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• FRBs:FRBdetectionbyalmostafactorof3(14±4peryear),arcmin localisationandaccurateintensities

• PULSARS:3× greaterthanthecurrentsystemfieldofview,uniformsensitivity,largerbandwidthand10× betterlocalisation accuracy->severalhundrednewdetections

• HYDROGEN:4xmultibeam bandwidth,3xfieldofview,extremelyflatbaselines,costeffectiveapproach

• ASKAP:VLBIfollow-upandzero-baselinespacinginformation

• HIGH-ENERGYPARTICLES:wholemoon/entirelimbfieldofview(pluspotentialforatmosphericviasurroundingdetectors)


ImprovementSummary

ScienceImpact

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Background• 5-yearprogramme,multi-yearinvestmentfortelescopetime

• OfficiallybeganobservingOctober/November2016• Observingblockseachday,steppingintime(LocalSiderealTime)throughtheweek

• DedicatedbackendmanagedbyUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,simultaneoususeofGPUbackend

Gains• FasterGalacticplanesurvey,moreeffective/efficienttransient/FastRadioBurstsimultaneoussearches


BenefitsSearchforExtraTerrestrialIntelligence:BreakthroughListen

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MalSmith

Benefits

Education&Outreach

Background• PULSE@Parkes programme• Pulsarfocused,secondary-leveleducationprogramme withreal-timeaccessto,andcontrolof,ParkesTelescope

• ~1500highschoolstudentstodate,~130schools,sessionsacrossAustralia,plusCanada,China,England,Japan,SouthAfrica&Wales

• Undergraduate/postgraduateextensiontotheprogramme• ObservingwithParkes,TrainingandIntroduction,ModuleforUniversitySTEM:OPTIMUSdevelopedthroughCSIRO’s’ONPRIME’

• Extending/varyingsciencetoincludeotheraspects,STEMfocusGains• OpportunityforstudentstolearntaboutPAFtechnology• Broadersciencepotential


• Cryo-PAFnaturalevolutionforprolificmultibeam system

• SciencedriversoverlapwithallthemajorSKAsciencegoals includingpulsars,transients,HI• Plus alwaystheunknown!

• Competitivedesignoutlinedandprototyped

• Exploringfundingopportunities(cryo-PAFaverycosteffectiveapproachtoexperiments)


Summary

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CSIROAstronomyandSpaceScienceJimiGreenParkesSeniorSystemScientist,CASSGroupLeadert +61293724577e [email protected] www.atnf.csiro.au

CSIROASTRONOMYANDSPACESCIENCE

Thankyou

Credit:WayneEngland

A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes - PAF Workshop 2017 · A Cryogenic PAF for Parkes PAF Workshop 2017...

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