A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT ON CONCRETE BY

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SILICA FUME

Mr. Iliyas A. Kapadiya

HOD, Civil Engineering Department, B & B Institute of Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India

ABSTRCT:

In this review paper covered literature reviews related to pervious concrete and effects of Fly

ash and silica fume (mineral admixtures) on various properties of concrete. Here, in this

research represents the collection of data from various previous studies done on the

compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength testing of concrete incorporating

silica fume by optimum replacement of cement. Portland cement is now days partially

replaced by silica fume, a by-product from silicon alloy factories. The main objective of this

literature survey was to determine the water permeability and compressive strength of

concrete containing silica fume, fly ash, super pozz and high slag cement to achieve the best

concrete mixture having lowest permeability. Nano technology is most interesting area of

science and technology. It is revolution in construction industry. Various nano materials for

examples nano silica, nano titanium oxide, carbon nano tube etc. are now a days used

by the engineers in construction work.

KEYWORDS: Concrete, Silica Fume, optimum replacement, compressive strength,

Flexural Strength, Split Tensile Strength, Mortar, Metakaolin, High Performance Concrete,

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis.

INTRODUCTION:

Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. Its success lies in its

versatility as can be designed to withstand harshest environments while taking on the

most inspirational forms. Any construction activity requires several materials such as

concrete, steel, brick, stone, clay, mud, glass, wood and many more. However, the

cement concrete remains the main construction material used in construction industry. [1]

Silica fume is widely known as micro silica or condensed silica fume, is used as an artificial

pozzlanic admixture. It is a product resulting from reduction of quartz with coal in an electric

arc furnace in the manufacture of silicon or ferrosilicon alloy. Chemical composition of

silica fume Contains more than 90% silicon dioxide(SiO2) and other constituents are

carbon, Sulphur and oxides of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium.

The physical composition of silica fume Diameter is likely 0.1 micron to 0.2 microns; and the

Surface area about 30,000 m²/kg and Density varies from 150 to 700 kg/m³. [2]

PRODUCTION OF FLY ASH [3]

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In the production of fly ash, coal is first pulverized in grinding mills before being blown with

air into the burning zone of the boiler. In this zone the coal combusts producing heat with

temperatures reaching approx. 1500°C or 2700°F. At this temperature the non-combustible

inorganic minerals such as quartz, calcite, gypsum, pyrite, feldspar and clay minerals, etc.

melt in the furnace and fuse together as tiny molten droplets. [4]

Figure-1 Graphical layout of a coal-fired electrical generating station [3]

These droplets are carried from the combustion chamber of a furnace by exhaust or flue

gases. Once free of the burning zone, the droplets cool to form spherical glassy particles

called fly ash. The fly ash is collected from the exhaust gases by mechanical and electrostatic

precipitators. [3]

INDIAN STANDARD SILICA FUME SPECIFICATIONS AS PER IS-15388 (2003)

Figure-2 Bulk Density of Silica Fume

Figure-3 Chemical Requirements

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Figure-4 Physical Requirements

PROPERTIES OF SILICA FUME [4]

The physical properties are as listed below:

Diameter of silica fume is 0.1 micron to 0.2 micron

Surface area is in the range of 20,000-30,000 m2/kg.

Density varies from 150 to 700 kg/m3

The chemical properties are as listed below:

Silica fume contains more than 90% of silicon dioxide (SiO2)

Other constituents are carbon, sulphur, and oxides of aluminium, iron calcium,

magnesium, sodium and potassium.

RELATED WORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Debabrata Pradhan and D. Dutta [6][8]

investigated the effects of silica fume on

conventional concrete, concluded the optimum compressive strength was obtained at 20%

cement replacement by silica fume at 24 hours, 7days and 28 days. Higher compressive

strength resembles that the concrete incorporated with silica fume was high strength concrete.

Baoshan huang (2009) [4][6]

carried out the experiment on pervious concrete with use of latex

polymer to improve the strength properties. With use of latex, natural sand and fibre they

evaluated the effect of polymer modification on mechanical and physical properties of

PMPC. Based on results, it was possible to produce pervious concrete mixture with

acceptable permeability and strength through the combination of latex and sand.

Min-Hong Zhang et al. [7][8]

it found that corporation of NS by concerning 2% weight

of cement with 50% GGBS cement mixture not only altered the setting time however

conjointly hyperbolic the compressive strength by concerning 22% and 18% for 3rd

and 7th days respectively compared to the reference slag concrete.

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Murali. G and Sruthee P [9]

experimentally studied the use of Metakaolin as a partial

replacement substance for cement in concrete. The use of Metakaolin in concrete

effectively enhanced the strength properties. The optimum level of replacement was reported

as 7.5%. The result showed that 7.5% of Metakaolin increased the compressive strength

of concrete by 14.2%, the split tensile strength by 7.9% and flexural strength by 9.3%.

HIGH SLAG CEMENT [11][12]

Slag is a by-product of the production of steel. During production, liquid slag is rapidly

quenched from a high temperature by immersion in water (Mehta, 1993). The slag is a glassy,

granular, non-metallic product that consists “essentially of calcium silicates and

aluminosilicates of calcium and other bases”.

When used in concrete, slag provides the following benefits (Lewis, 1985): [11][12]

High ultimate strength with low early strength

Improved alkali-silica reaction resistance

Decreased porosity and permeability

Resistance to sulfates and seawater

Low heat of hydration

Better finish and lighter color

FLY ASH [14][16]

Fly ashes are by-products produced during combustion of powdered coal in power plants. A

summary of the properties and chemical composition of different fly ashes was presented by

Helmuth (Mindes and Young).

The benefits of using fly ash in concrete include the following: [14][16]

Improved workability

Lower cost concrete

Lower heat of hydration

Higher long-term strength

Improved resistance to sulfate attack

Improved resistance to alkali-silica reaction

SILICA FUME [12][13]

Silica fume is also known as micro-silica, volatilized silica or condensed silica fume. It is a

by-product of silicon metal and ferrosilicon alloy production.

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The use of silica fume will make concrete with the following properties (Sobolev and

Batrakov, 2007): [12][13]

High strength

Low heat of hydration

Reduced permeability

Increased sulfate resistance

Retarded alkali-aggregate reaction

CONCLUSION

The review of earlier studies related to partial replacement of Cement with Silica fume

reveals that there is a significant change in the strength properties of concrete such as

compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength.

For achievement of higher strength and workability y in pervious concrete, it is not possible

to get higher strength with conventional concrete mix. Modification is necessary in design.

With use of fly ash and silica fume, it can be possible to increment in strength of pervious

concrete.

REFERENCES

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Flyash as Fine Aggregate”, IJRASET, Volume 4 Issue V, May 2016.

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