A Cladogram of Plant Groups – shows evolutionary relationships of plants Flowering plants...
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![Page 1: A Cladogram of Plant Groups – shows evolutionary relationships of plants Flowering plants Cone-bearing plants Ferns and their relatives Mosses and their.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649e255503460f94b13e43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Cladogram of Plant Groups – shows evolutionary relationships of plants
Floweringplants
Cone-bearingplants
Ferns andtheir relatives
Mosses andtheir relatives
Green algaeancestor
Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit
Seeds
Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue
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The Diversity of Plants
Cone-bearing plants760 species
Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species
Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species
Floweringplants235,000 species
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Structure of a Leaf - the cuticle protects the leaf against transpiration
Veins
Xylem
PhloemVein
Cuticle
Epidermis
Palisademesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guardcells
Spongymesophyll
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are categorized as
that completetheir life cycle in
that completetheir life cycle in
that completetheir life cycle in
Plants
Annuals Biennials Perennials
1 growingseason 2 years
More than2 years
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Types of Plants – Seedless
•Mosses (Bryophytes)
•Ferns (Pterophyta)
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Types of Plants - seeds
• Cone Bearing (Gymnosperms)
• Flowering (Angiosperm)
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Gymnosperms vs AngiospermsComparing Features of Seed Plants
Feature
Seeds
Reproduction
Examples
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Bear their seeds on cones
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes
Bear their seeds within flowers
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers
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Flower Functions
• Sexual Reproduction!• Flowers are pollinated by:– Wind– Insects– Birds
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FLOWER PARTS
• Pistil – female part of the plant– Contains the stigma, style and ovary (surround and protect
the seeds)
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FLOWER PARTS
• Stamen – male part of the plant– Contains the anther and filament
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FLOWER PARTS• Petals – colorful, leaflike structures
• Sepals – green leaflike structures at the base of the flower
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The structure of a flower.
FilamentAnther
StigmaStyle
Ovary
Carpel
PetalSepalOvule
Stamen
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Fruit – after pollination the ovary develops a wall of tissue surrounding the seed
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Comparison of Monocots and DicotsMonocots Dicots
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots
Single cotyledon
Parallel veins
Floral parts often in multiples of 3
Vascularbundlesscattered throughout stem
Fibrous roots
Two cotyledons
Branched veins
Floral parts often in multiplesof 4 or 5
Vascularbundlesarranged ina ring
Taproot
Figure 22–25 Comparison ofMonocots and Dicots
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Transpiration
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
A B