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A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
Engaging Virtual Communities: Web 2.0Brian Kelly, UKOLN,
University of Bath
Bath
UKOLN is supported by:
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/cilip-cdg-2007-04/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/cilip-cdg-2007-04/
This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (but note caveat)
Resources bookmarked using ‘cilip-cdg-2007-04' tag
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
2
About Me
Brian Kelly:• UK Web Focus: a national Web advisory
post• Based at UKOLN, a national centre of
expertise in digital information management• Located at the University of Bath• Funded by MLA and JISC • Involved in Web since Jan 1993• Currently advising on best practices for
Web 2.0
Introduction
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
3
About You
How many of you have heard of Web 2.0?
How many of you have read content in a blog or wiki?
How many of you publish a blog or have updated content in a wiki?
How many have used MSN Messenger, Skype, …?
Introduction
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
4
Contents
Web 2.0 – What Is It? (Talking …)• Blogs Wikis• RSS Mashups• Microformats Comms
tools• Social networks …
Deployment Strategies (… doing)• User focus• Information literacy; staff development• Risk assessment• Safe experimentation
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
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Let’s Do It Now!Let’s not just talk about Web 2.0 – let’s use it now (assuming WiFi network available!):Let’s Talk
• Go to http://www.gabbly.com/ and in box enter www.cilip.org.uk/
Let’s Share Resources• Go to <http://del.icio.us/lisbk/
cilip-cdg-2007-04> to access resources
DiscussionLecture theatres being WiFied; pervasive networking being deployed students with laptops will expect to use them we need to gain experiences to establish best practices & manage possible problems
DiscussionLecture theatres being WiFied; pervasive networking being deployed students with laptops will expect to use them we need to gain experiences to establish best practices & manage possible problems
http://www.gabbly.com/www.cilip.org.uk/http://www.gabbly.com/www.cilip.org.uk/
2 Mar 2007
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
6
Web2MemeMap, Tim O’Reilly, 2005
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging
(folksonomies)• Trust and openness
Characteristics Of Web 2.0
• Network as platform• Always beta• Clean URIs• Remix and mash-ups
Syndication (RSS)• Architecture of participation
Blogs & Wikis Social networking Social tagging
(folksonomies)• Trust and openness
Web 2.0
What Is Web 2.0?
Marketing term (derived from observing 'patterns') rather than technical standards - “an attitude not a technology”
Web
2.0
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
7
Blogs
The term ‘blog’ is well-known, but perhaps there’s a lack of awareness of the potential of blogs. There’s a need to:
• Explore how blogs can support business functions (support users, staff & organisation)
There’s also a need for information professionals to:
• Understand blogging & related technologies (e.g. RSS, Technorati)
• Be able to find resources in the 'Blogosphere'
Web
2.0
OpennessSyndication
Collaboration
Key Characteristics
http://annewelsh.wordpress.com/http://annewelsh.wordpress.com/http://communities.cilip.org.uk/blogs/marks/
http://communities.cilip.org.uk/blogs/marks/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
8
Blogs & Marketing
What happens:• You’ve done some great
research (not quite a cure for cancer!)
• You write a press release (job done?)
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/public-affairs/press-releases/…
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/public-affairs/press-releases/…
• Who is linking to & talking about this research (are they disagreeing?)
http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?... http://blogsearch.google.com/blogsearch?...
• The Nourishing Balance blog has commented on this (That’s great – or are they misinterpreting the findings?)
http://georgemandler.com/2007/02/17/chocolate-makes-you-smarter-at-least-temporarily/
http://georgemandler.com/2007/02/17/chocolate-makes-you-smarter-at-least-temporarily/
Who needs to know about and use Web 2.0 apps from this example: PR & marketing; researchers; …
Who needs to know about and use Web 2.0 apps from this example: PR & marketing; researchers; …
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
9
Blogs - Reading
How do you keep informed of developments?
• Do you use a dedicated blog reader?
• Are you alerted of changes to key blogs?
• Do you focus on the content, and avoid the distractions of ads, etc.
Web
2.0
Bloglines – a Web-based blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.
Bloglines – a Web-based blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.
http://www.bloglines.com/myblogshttp://www.bloglines.com/myblogs
BlogBridge – a desktop blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.
BlogBridge – a desktop blog reader. You are informed of changes since you last viewed the page.
OpennessSyndication
Collaboration
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
10
Blogs – Engaging With Users
The ukwebfocus.wordpress.com blog provides:
• Comments option for all postings
• A realtime chat facilityBenefits:
• Feedback on my thoughts and ideas
• Evaluation • …
http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2007/01/25/experiments-with-meebo/
http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2007/01/25/experiments-with-meebo/
Blogs aren’t just one-way publishing, but an implementation of Tim Berners-Lee’s vision of a collaborative WebBlogs aren’t just one-way publishing, but an implementation of Tim Berners-Lee’s vision of a collaborative Web
See (and discuss) UK Web Focus blog post 25 Jan 2007
Blended blogging
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
11
Web
2.0 What Are They Saying About Us?
Blogs are very interconnected with each other (bloggers discuss other’s blog postings).This can help to provide feedback; measure impact; engage in discussions; etc.You can also monitor what they are saying about your Web site.
Find out what bloggers have been saying about your blog or your Web site – possibly minutes after they’ve said it. You can then take the praise – or issue a rebuttal in a timely fashion
Find out what bloggers have been saying about your blog or your Web site – possibly minutes after they’ve said it. You can then take the praise – or issue a rebuttal in a timely fashion
http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/
Criticism: this may be comment spam. This may be true for popular home pages, but not for many other pages
Criticism: this may be comment spam. This may be true for popular home pages, but not for many other pages
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
12
Finding Resources
Technorati can help find blog articles, RSS feeds, etc.
Technorati search for “SHERPA JISC" finds:
• 11 blog posting postings, most recent 196 day ago (nothing new since then?)
Web
2.0
RSSSyndication
What do users want: the home page and what people are saying today. Google & Technorati are valuable tools, so organisations should ensure that their Web site can be found in both.
A search for “JISC” finds a posting from 6 hours agoNote you can receive RSS alerts of new search results
http://www.technorati.com/search/sherpa+jisc
http://www.technorati.com/search/sherpa+jisc
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
13
Social Networking Software (1)
But what if:
• Students aren’t interested in university-provided blogging services?
• Students use commercial social networking services such as Facebook?
Web
2.0
Should we:
• Make use of these environments (save money by not reinventing wheels)
• Inform students on integration of our information?
• Ignore?Note museums (Walker Art Center) are experimenting with Facebook
Note museums (Walker Art Center) are experimenting with Facebook
18 Feb 2007
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
14
Social Networking Software (2)
What are they saying about your institution in social networking services, on blogs, …?
Do you (and your departments) provide business intelligence services to find out what your users are saying about you?
Do you have policies on rebuttal?
http://kera.name/articles/2007/01/404-university-of-nottingham-not-found/
http://kera.name/articles/2007/01/404-university-of-nottingham-not-found/http://kera.name/articles/2006/12/uni-tech-team-storms-student-underground/
http://kera.name/articles/2006/12/uni-tech-team-storms-student-underground/
BUCS set up a feedback page in Facebook - without being aware of this page!
BUCS set up a feedback page in Facebook - without being aware of this page!
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
15
WikisWikis – collaborative Web-based authoring tools
I use Wikis for:• Collaborative
papers (avoiding emailed MS Word file around)
Web
2.0
Writely – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job
Writely – Web-based word processor or Wiki? Does it matter, it does the job
http://www.writely.com/http://www.writely.com/http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Discussion_Group_Notes_for_Group_A
• Note-taking at events
Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.
Remember when notes were trapped in the non-interoperable world of flip charts & paper. This need no longer be the case.
• Social discussions at events
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/interop-focus/community/index/IWMW2006_Information_About_Social_Aspects
OpennessSyndication
Collaboration
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
16
Wikipedia
Wikipedia – a community-developed encyclopedia … and also a well-linked Web site, which boosts Google rankings Note created by Owen Massey in June 2004
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CILIPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CILIP
Issues (philosophical):• Should we be doing this?• Who should create & maintain pages?
Issues (practical):• Who maintains this
page?• What else should be in
Wikipedia related to the university’s key interests & expertise?
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
17
Sharing - Flickr
Web 2.0 includes community-building
You can help support your community-building by making it easy to share photos at events (e.g. this seminar)
Simply suggest a tag e.g. ‘cilip-2007-04’ and encourage delegates to upload their photos with this tag
Web
2.0
http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=text
http://www.flickr.com/search/?w=all&q=iwmw2006&m=texthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tags/iwmw2006/interesting/?page=6
OpennessNetwork effect
SyndicationCollaboration
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
18
Web
2.0 Sharing – del.icio.us
Another aspect of sharing is sharing bookmarksThis can be used to:
• Manage your bookmarks• Allow others to
contribute resources• Allow lists of bookmarks
to be repurposed• Carry out impact
analysis
OpennessNetwork effect
SyndicationCollaboration
Note also that the bookmarks can be embedded (‘mashed-up’) elsewhere
Note also that the bookmarks can be embedded (‘mashed-up’) elsewhere
http://del.icio.us/lisbk/cilip-cdg-2007-04http://del.icio.us/lisbk/cilip-cdg-2007-04
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
19
Sharing – Slides
Slideshare.net:• Repository for
PowerPoint slides• Find (and reuse)
slideshows of interest (I like your Web 2.0 slideshow – so maybe I’ll like yours, or others that you like)
• Add comments, questions, etc.
• Use as planning, feedback, etc.
• Can assign Creative Commons rights
http://www.slideshare.net/lisbk/http://www.slideshare.net/lisbk/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
20
Web
2.0 Google Maps Mashups
Google Map ‘mashup’ used for IWMW 2006 event:
• ~ 20 lines of JavaScript.
• Code taken from Googler Maps Web site and coordinates added
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/workshops/webmaster-2006/maps/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/http://northumbria.ac.uk/browse/radius5/
More sophisticated mapping applications are being developed, such as Radius 5 at Northumbria Univ.
OpennessMashup
APIs
A centre of expertise in digital information management
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21
Web
2.0 Location Metadata
Embedded location metadata can now by exploited by 3rd party tools
OpennessMashup
Open sourceAPIs
Why don't all our organisation provide location data in this way?Note issues about quality of data & responsibilities for providing the data (e.g. is this the right address?)
This service is based on the following HTML content:<meta name="geo.position" content="50.824843, -0.139274" />
The Greasemap script processes this data as shown
This service is based on the following HTML content:<meta name="geo.position" content="50.824843, -0.139274" />
The Greasemap script processes this data as shown
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/cilip-cdg-2007-04/
http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/web-focus/events/conferences/cilip-cdg-2007-04/
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
22
Takeup Of New TechnologiesThe Gartner curve
Developers
Rising expectations
Trough of despair
Service plateau
Enterprise softwareLarge budgets…
ChasmFailure to go beyond developers & early adopters (cf Gopher)Need for:
• Advocacy• Listening to users• Addressing concerns• Deployment strategies• …
Let’s now look at approaches for avoiding the chasm
Let’s now look at approaches for avoiding the chasm
Early adopters
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
23
Beware The IT Fundamentalists
We need to avoid simplistic solutions to the complexities:• Open Standards Fundamentalist: we just need XML• Open Source Fundamentalist: we just need Linux• Vendor Fundamentalist: we must use next version of
our enterprise system (and you must fit in with this)• Accessibility Fundamentalist: we must do WAI
WCAG• User Fundamentalist: must do whatever users want• Legal Fundamentalist: it breaches copyright, …• Ownership Fundamentalist: must own everything we
use• Perfectionist: It doesn't do everything, so we'll do
nothing• Simplistic Developer: I've developed a perfect solution
– I don't care if it doesn't run in the real world• Web 2.0: It’s new; its cool!
IT S
ervi
ces
Bar
rier
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
24
The Librarian FundamentalistsLibrarians:
• Think they know better than the user e.g. they don't like people using Google Scholar; they should use Web of Knowledge (who cares that users find it easier to use Google Scholar & finds references they need that way?)
• Think that users should be forced to learn Boolean searching & other formal search techniques because this is good for them (despite Sheffield's study).
• Don't want the users to search for themselves (cf folksonomies) because they won't get it right.
• They still want to classify the entire Web - despite the fact that users don't use their lists of Web links.
• Want services to be perfect before they release them to users. They are uneasy with the concept of 'forever beta' (they don't believe that users have the ability to figure things out themselves and work around the bugs).
Lib
rary
Bar
rier
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
25
Deployment Strategies
Interested in using Web 2.0 in your organisation?Worried about corporate inertia, power struggles, etc?There’s a need for a deployment strategy:
• Addressing business needs• Low-hanging fruits• Encouraging the enthusiasts• Gain experience of the browser tools – and see
what you’re missing!• Staff training & development• Address areas you feel comfortable with• Risk management strategy• …
Dep
loym
ent
Ch
alle
ng
es
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
26
IWMW 2006 & Risk Management IWMW 2006 has taken a risk management approach to its evaluation of Web 2.0 technologies:
• Agreements: e.g. in the case of the Chatbot.• Use of well-established services: Google &
del.icio.us are well-established and have financial security.
• Notification: warnings that services could be lost. • Engagement: with the user community: users actively
engage in the evaluation of the services. • Provision of alternative services: multiple OMPL
tools. • Use in non-mission critical areas: not for bookings! • Long term experiences of services: usage stats• Availability of alternative sources of data: e.g.
standard Web server log files.• Data export and aggregation: RSS feeds,
aggregated in Suprglu, OPML viewers, etc.
Dep
loym
ent
Str
ateg
y
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
27
All these FireFox extensions are available for free!
Tools For Your Staff
A simple approach for your organisation staff: provide Firefox to give a rich client environment:• RSS Panel: immediate
display and access to RSS feeds on pages
• Blogger Web Comments: immediate access to blog comments on pages
• Various bookmarklets: such as Webmaster tools
• Various sidebars: such as the Meebo chat tool
A centre of expertise in digital information management
www.ukoln.ac.uk
28
Conclusions
To conclude:• Web 2.0 is here and many people are using
it• Information professionals need to
understand Web 2.0 to support their professional activities
• Information professionals can benefits from the social networking aspects of Web 2.0
• Just do it!