A case control study of lung cancer risk factors in Xuanwei
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Lung Cancer, 5 (1989) 37-40 Elsevier THE GUANGZHOU FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON LUNG CANCER. Summary by: Du Yin&u Guangzhou Research Centre for Lung Cancer. OPENING REMARKS Du Yingxiu, professor of Guangzhou Re- search Centre for Lung Cancer. In 1985, we held the Guangzhou First S~posium on Lung Cancer Research. Since then, more than two years have elapsed, the edpidemiologist and clinicians in Guangzhou have done a lot of research work, and got some point of view and experiences for lung cancer prevention and treatment. They hope to have an opportunity for discus- sion and exchanging ideas with each other. Now the day is coming. I should like to point out that some professors and scientists come from Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong participating in this symposium. Their excellent work on lung cancer research should greatly enhance the academic level of this symposium; I am very honoured, on behalf of the Guangzhou Research Centre for Lung Cancer, to express our sincere thanks to them. This symposium received about 60 papers, in the different areas of lung cancer research. The results of epidemiologic studies suggested that active smoking is also a very important factor for male lung cancer in Guangzhou, however in female it is less clear. Some reports indicated that the cooking habit might be the cause for female lung cancer; but some phenomena are still difficult to explain. For example, why did the female lung cancer increase rapidly in recent two decades, although the habit of cooking had been used for a long long time in China. And why the major cell type of female lung cancer is adenocarcinoma and not epidermoid carcinoma. In general, the cell type of lung cancer induced by en- vironmental carcinogens is mainly epidermoid carcinoma. In recent years, the research work on oncogenes, monoclonal antibodies, carcinogen-DNA adducts, and Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC) activity in lung cancer specimens have been started in Guangzhou, nevertheless, it is only in beginning stage. Apparently, many serious difficulties still face us, but we believe that it will be overcome by steady and hard work. The point of view that the success- ful treatment dependent on the early diagnosis has been agreed unanimously. Unfortunately, this problem is still not solved. There remains much to be done, and it needs the cooperation be- tween clinicians, epidemiologists and technicians. 37 In Guangzhou, for a variety of reasons, quite a part of lung cancer patients as well as post-operated patients are treated in the home. Be- cause the patients and their relatives lacked in medical knowledge, a great deal of pain and inconvenience happened on the patients and their families. For this reason, we organized the students of Guangzhou Medical College to edit a booklet "The domestic medical for lung cancer patients". We are anxious to ob- tain the critical and suggestive opinions from the participants. A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF FEMALE LUNG CANCER IN SHANHAI Yu-Tang Gao, William J. Blot et al. Shanghai Cancer Institute, WHO Col- laborating Center for Research on Cancer. Abstract A case-control study involving in- terviews with 672 female lung cancer patients and 735 population-based con- trols was conducted to investigate the high rates of lung cancer, notably adenocarcinoma, among women in Shanghai. Cigarette smoking was a strong risk factor, but accounted for only about one-fourth of all newly diagnosed cases of lung cancer. Most patients, particularly with adenocarcinoma, were lifelong nonsmokers. The risks of lung cancer were higher among women reporting tuberculosis and other preexisting lung diseases. Hormonal factors were sug- gested by an increased risk associated with late menopause and by a gradient the risk of adenocarcinoma with Azcreasing menstrual cycle length, with a 3-fold excess among women who had shorter cycles. Perhaps most intriguing were associations found between lung cancer and measures of exposure to cooking oil vapors. Risks increased with the numbers of meals cooked by either stir frying, deep frying or boilings; with the frequency of smoki- ness during cooking; and with the frequency of eye irritation during cooking. Use of rapeseed oil, whose galatiles following high-temperature cooking may be mutagenic, was also reported more often by the cancer patients. The findings thus confirm that factors other than smoking are responsible for the high risk of lung cancer among Chinese women and provide clues for further research, including the assessment of cooking practices. A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF LUNG CANCER RISK FACTORS IN XUANWEI Liu Zhiyun, He Xingzhou, Institute of Environmental Health & Engineering Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine. 0169-5002/89/$03.50 0 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division)
Transcript of A case control study of lung cancer risk factors in Xuanwei
Lung Cancer, 5 (1989) 37-40 Elsevier
THE GUANGZHOU FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON LUNG
CANCER. Summary by: Du Yin&u
Guangzhou Research Centre for Lung Cancer.
OPENING REMARKS
Du Yingxiu, professor of Guangzhou Re- search Centre for Lung Cancer.
In 1985, we held the Guangzhou First S~posium on Lung Cancer Research. Since then, more than two years have elapsed, the edpidemiologist and clinicians in Guangzhou have done a lot of research work, and got some point of view and experiences for lung cancer prevention and treatment. They hope to have an opportunity for discus- sion and exchanging ideas with each other. Now the day is coming.
I should like to point out that some professors and scientists come from Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong participating in this symposium. Their excellent work on lung cancer research should greatly enhance the academic level of this symposium; I am very honoured, on behalf of the Guangzhou Research Centre for Lung Cancer, to express our sincere thanks to them.
This symposium received about 60 papers, in the different areas of lung cancer research.
The results of epidemiologic studies suggested that active smoking is also a very important factor for male lung cancer in Guangzhou, however in female it is less clear. Some reports indicated that the cooking habit might be the cause for female lung cancer; but some phenomena are still difficult to explain. For example, why did the female lung cancer increase rapidly in recent two decades, although the habit of cooking had been used for a long long time in China. And why the major cell type of female lung cancer is adenocarcinoma and not epidermoid carcinoma. In general, the cell type of lung cancer induced by en- vironmental carcinogens is mainly epidermoid carcinoma.
In recent years, the research work on oncogenes, monoclonal antibodies, carcinogen-DNA adducts, and Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC) activity in lung cancer specimens have been started in Guangzhou, nevertheless, it is only in beginning stage. Apparently, many serious difficulties still face us, but we believe that it will be overcome by steady and hard work.
The point of view that the success- ful treatment dependent on the early diagnosis has been agreed unanimously. Unfortunately, this problem is still not solved. There remains much to be done, and it needs the cooperation be- tween clinicians, epidemiologists and technicians.
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In Guangzhou, for a variety of reasons, quite a part of lung cancer patients as well as post-operated patients are treated in the home. Be- cause the patients and their relatives lacked in medical knowledge, a great deal of pain and inconvenience happened on the patients and their families. For this reason, we organized the students of Guangzhou Medical College to edit a booklet "The domestic medical for lung cancer patients". We are anxious to ob- tain the critical and suggestive opinions from the participants.
A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF FEMALE LUNG
CANCER IN SHANHAI
Yu-Tang Gao, William J. Blot et al. Shanghai Cancer Institute, WHO Col- laborating Center for Research on Cancer.
Abstract
A case-control study involving in- terviews with 672 female lung cancer patients and 735 population-based con- trols was conducted to investigate the high rates of lung cancer, notably adenocarcinoma, among women in Shanghai. Cigarette smoking was a strong risk factor, but accounted for only about one-fourth of all newly diagnosed cases of lung cancer. Most patients, particularly with adenocarcinoma, were lifelong nonsmokers. The risks of lung cancer were higher among women reporting tuberculosis and other preexisting lung diseases. Hormonal factors were sug- gested by an increased risk associated with late menopause and by a gradient
the risk of adenocarcinoma with Azcreasing menstrual cycle length, with a 3-fold excess among women who had shorter cycles. Perhaps most intriguing were associations found between lung cancer and measures of exposure to cooking oil vapors. Risks increased with the numbers of meals cooked by either stir frying, deep frying or boilings; with the frequency of smoki- ness during cooking; and with the frequency of eye irritation during cooking. Use of rapeseed oil, whose galatiles following high-temperature cooking may be mutagenic, was also reported more often by the cancer patients. The findings thus confirm that factors other than smoking are responsible for the high risk of lung cancer among Chinese women and provide clues for further research, including the assessment of cooking practices.
A CASE CONTROL STUDY OF LUNG CANCER RISK FACTORS IN XUANWEI
Liu Zhiyun, He Xingzhou, Institute of Environmental Health & Engineering Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine.
0169-5002/89/$03.50 0 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division)
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Abstract
In Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, lung cancer mortality is among China's highest. The former studies showed that indoor burning of "smoky" coal was an important cause for high incidence of Xuanwei lung cancer, but found no as- sociation with smoking. The l:Mi matched case-control study was under- taken to examine the association with other risk factors such as smoking, familial history, cooking and so on. 110 cases of primary lung cancer newly diagnosed was collected from local hospitals between November, 1985 and December, 1986. Controls were in- dividually matched with cases according to age (22 years), sex and village lived. 426 controls were interviewed. All study subjects came from the agricultural population in Xuanwei. Traditional stratification methods and conditional logistic regression were employed to examine for effect modification and to control confounding.
Cooking and quantity of smoky coal used were found to be risk factors for Xuanwei lung cancer. The odds ratio (OR) and attribute risk (AR) associated with cooking were separately 2.7 and 46.8%. The analytic results showed that smoking was one of the risk factors of Xuanwei male lung cancer. But the strength of association was weaker (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.01-2.25). No relation was found between passive smoking and female lung cancer. The association was observed for familial history of lung cancer (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.66-5.14). A highly significant OR of 7.4 was found for history of chronic bronchitis. No relation was found about types of stove, dietary carotene and vitamine C, drinking, familial economic status and mental factor.
FEMALE BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA AND MENSTRUATION
Analysis of 120 Cases
He Giao, Deng Xiaohua, Huang Xiaoping, Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital.
Abstract
According to the statistical analysis of age, cell type, condition of childbearing and in relation to menstruation in 120 cases of female bronchogenic carcinoma, we found that there are four major characteristics to be noticed: 1. Most cases of female bronchogenic carcinoma occurred at the age group of 60-69 years (43%); it is 10 years older than that of our recent report (analysis of 880 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma including male and female patients);
2. The main cell types of female bron- chogenic carcinoma is of adenocarcinoma (71%); 3. The menopause occurred mostly of 50- 52 years of age, 34% of total cases.
Bronchogenic carcinoma develops &rally 10 years after menopause (56%).
On the base of these four charac- teristics in female bronchogenic car- cinoma and the observation of Chalon on the periodic change menstrual cycle, we proposed that the cases of age in- cidence in female bronchogenic car- cinoma is rather older than that of male; which may be related with the menstrual periodic changes in bronchial mucoepithelium. In addition, the cell types in most cases is adenocarcinoma whether is also related to the effect of menstrual cyclic changes deserve further study.
ESTABLISHMENT OF A HUMAN PULMONARY ADENOCARCINOMA
CELL LINE (PC84045) AND ITS BIOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
Abstract
Zhou Wenhua, Chen Xiurong, Ho Lijuan, Lo Ruixian, Guangzhou Medical and Health Research Institute.
A pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line (PC84045) was established in this laboratory by serial cultivation of cells collected from pleural fluid in a case of primary adenocarcinoma of lung.
The cells appeared to be epitheloid with mosiac arrangement and pile-up growth. The cells proliferated steadily and rapidly with an average generation time of 24 hours, forming a mono-layer growth.
Chromosome numbers of cells varied in a wide range (30-233) mostly resem- bling triploid. Karyotypic analysis showed various kinds of abnormal chromosomes and 3 chromosomal markers. Transplanted tumor growth resulted by inoculating the cells into Xray- irradiated weaning JCR mice, and the malignant cells could be seen in the lesion of the transplanted site. Polygonal epithelial cells similar to the original pleural fluid culture cells were also found in the tissue culture of the transplanted tumor tissue.
Scanning electron microscopy of the actively growing cells revealed dense microvilli on the cell surface and transmitting electron microscopy oc- casionally showed close contact and desmosome-like linkage between cells.
From the experiment it might be proved that the cell line was derived from malignant cells of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patient and preserved the properties of the original cancer cells.
